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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


^ 


iG> 


workingman's 
Guide 


AND    THE 


Laborer's  Friend^ Advocate. 


THE   GREAT   SOCIAL   QUESTION    SOLVED. 


ARISTOCRACY  THE    RUIN    OF    THE    COUNTRY,   AND    ITS    STEALING    AND   ROBBERY 
EXPOSED. — HONESTY    IN    POLITICS. — THE   WORKINGMEN     MUST     RULE.^ 
PROGRESS    IS   A    LAW   OF    NATURE. — THE   TRIAL   OF    THE    FOUR 
MILLION    LIARS    AND    THIEVES    FOR    STEALING    FORTY 
BILLIONS    OF     DOLLARS    FROM     THE    WORK- 
INGMEN   IN   TWENTY-FOUR  YEARS. 


San  Francisco  : 

BACON   &  COMPANY,  BOOK  AND  JOB  PRINTERS, 

Corner  Clay  and  Sansome  Streets. 

1886. 


HI) 


CONTENTS, 


CHAP. 

I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

XI. 

xri. 

XIII. 

XIV. 

XV. 

XVI. 

XVII. 

XVIII. 

XIX. 

XX. 

XXI. 

XXII. 

XXIII. 

XXIV. 

XXV. 

XXVI. 

XXVII. 

XXVIII. 

XXIX. 

XXX. 

XXXI. 

XXXII. 

XXXIII, 

XXXIV. 

XXXV. 

XXXVI. 


Gkology — Progeess 17 

30 

Infamy  of  Aristocracy , 45 

Immorality  and  Infamy  of  Aristocracy 59 

73 

"    "     "     87 


loo 

"    "     "     114 

"    "    "     "     129 

143 

: 157 

171 

"   "     "     185 

199 

"    "   "     "     212 

"    "   "     " 226 

_. 268 

'■   "     "     308 

History  of  the  United  States 322 

"        "     "  "  "       336 

"     "  "  " 350 

Banking 365 

Banking  and  British  Slavery 379 

Tariff  and  Railroad  Schools 393 

Tariff 407 

Degradation  of  Aristocracy 421 

Infamy  of  Black  Republican  Aristocracy 435 

Black  Republican  Tactics 450 

Infamy  of  Black  Republicakism 464 

Government  as  the  People 479 

Progress,  Centennial,  Philadelphia 493 

Progress,  Cektennial 507 

Progress  to  1880 520 

Politics 538 

Right  and  Wrong 552 

"      566 


631481 


THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 


CHAP.  PAGE. 

XXXVII.     Dynamite 579 

XXXVIII.    The  Right  to  The  Use  of  the  Earth 593 

XXXIX.     Railroad  Taxes 607 

XL.    Nebula 620 

X  LI.     Polttfcs 633 

XLII.         "  647 

XLIII.     Iniquity  OF  Black  Republicanism 661 

X  LI  V.     War  and  its  Cost 676 

XLV.     Whisky  Ring 690 

XLVI.    The  Knave  has  a  Hard  Life 704 

XLVII.     Politics 717 

XL\TII,     Rights 731 

XLIX.    Telegraphy .744 

L.  No.  of  Men  in  the  Armies  and  Navies  of  the  World  in 

Peace 758 

LI.     Railroads 771 

LII.  "  785 

LIII.  "  799 

LIV.     Tariff 813 

LV.     Slavery  of  Barbarians..... 828 

LVI.     Slavery ....841 

LVII.     Land  Pirates 855 

LVIII.     Morality 868 

LIX.     National  Education 882 

LX.    Capitalization  of  Labor 895 

LXI,     Robbery 909 

LXII.     Summary 918 


PREFACE. 


The  following  pages,  no  doubt,  will  be  relentlessly- 
criticised,  as  it  is  written  expressly  for  the  people, 
especially  the  workingnien,  that  is,  the  farmers,  me- 
chanics, laborers,  and  necessary  traders  and  useful  men- 
tal workers,  and  in  open  hostility  to  drones,  and  use- 
less and  wasteful,  and  idle  and  unnecessary  aristocracy, 
that  is  living  on  the  vitals  of  the  people,  and  giving  no 
good  in  return.  We  are  often  grieved  to  pen  the  in- 
famy and  diabolical  acts  of  the  venomous  aristocracy. 
But  we  write  for  the  good  of  the  people ;  and  whether 
it  is  for  weal  or  woe  of  ourselves,  the  truth  must  be 
spoken,  and  we  appeal  to  the  workingmen  to  be  wise 
as  the  seven  virgins,  and  as  circumspect  as  seers,  and 
examine  conscientiously,  and  judge  with  all  the  wis- 
dom that  they  are  capable  of,  and  act  with  prudence 
and  discretion.  This  is  the  most  momentous  consid- 
eration of  any  other  subject.  Workingmen,  your  lib- 
erty or  slavery  will  be  the  result.  It  makes  us  un- 
happy to  see  a  few  drones  taking  away  the  living  of 
the  hard-working  men,  and  to  see  the  four  millions  of 
barbarians  robbing  their  neighbors  and  themselves, 
and  giving  it  over  to  a  pack  of  predacians,  and  they 
making  slaves  of  those  four  millions  egregious  fools 
and  knaves.  To  appeal  to  the  two  millions  of  Repub- 
licans to  have  sense  and  reason,  and  they  cannot  help 
but  see  that  they  are  the  worst-sold  people  the  world 
ever  produced.  The  four  millions  we  have  no  hope 
for;  they  are  bound  with  party  fetters  so  that  they  can- 
not reason,  have  no  sense,  have  no  care  for  their  coun- 
try, are  perfect  barbarians,  and  can  do  nothing  but 
what  their  masters  tell  them  to  do ;  and  those  masters 
will  rob  the  people  of  all  their  property,  as  they  have 
about  four-fifths  of  it  now.  These  four  millions  of 
barbarian  slaves  and  serfs  are  the  greatest  fools  the 
world  ever  saw.     We  do  not  care  about  the  style  we 


b  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

write,  but  little.  We  take  no  pains  with  style,  we 
put  on  no  airs  grammatical,  we  do  not  correct  gram- 
matical errors  unless  they  grate  on  the  ordinary  ear. 
All  we  care  for  is  the  plan  and  the  facts,  and  to  have 
the  workingmen  understand  it,  and  almost  everyone 
can  understand  it.  It  is  the  workingmen  alone  we 
write  for,  and  we  intend  to  watch  their  interest,  and 
let  them  know  when  and  how  they  are  robbed.  And 
we  cannot  help  what  ABC  says  ;  we  are  paddling  our 
own  canoe  to  benefit  the  workingman,  and  the  inde- 
pendent press  we  will  not  ask  any  favors  of,  only  that 
they  shall  tell  the  triLt/i ;  and  that  is  too  much  to  ask, 
we  fear  we  will  not  get  it. 


INTRODUCTION. 


It  mav  not  be  amiss  to  give  the  intended  definition, 
according  to  Webster,  of  a  few  words,  that  some  saw- 
ney  may  consider  unfit  to  be  used  in  that  place,  such 
as  Abaddon,  Apollyon,  Asmodeus,  Beelzebub,  Belial, 
Davy  Jones,  Pluto,  the  Deuce,  are  evil  spirits.  Infer- 
nal, suitable  to  the  spirits  of  Tartarus,  which  relates  to 
the  lower  spirits  (infernal,  like  evil  spirits);  stygian, 
the  same;  liar,  thief,  villain,  scoundrel,  pandemonium, 
are  well  known;  the  last  word  is  the  council  hall  of  evil 
spirits.  Some  nice  aristocrats  will  find  fault  that  we 
use  some  hard  epithets  about  the  aristocrats,  and  one 
shallow-])ate  said  we  had  no  right  to  say  anything 
against  the  black  Republicans.  We  are  the  advocate 
of  the  workingman,  and  we  consider  that  the  aristo- 
cratic thieves  are  indicted  and  jmt  on  trial,  and  we  are 
the  advocate,  and  introduce  the  testimony,  which  is 
history,  both  ancient  and  modern,  and  government 
statistics,  often  their  own  make,  or  taken  by  govern- 
ment officers;  aiul  if  the  records  show  that  they  lied, 
clieated,  swindled,  swore  falsely,  charged  exorbitant 
prices,  robbed,  stole,  stole  land,  were  criminals,  male- 


INTRODUCTION.  7 

factors,  felons,  scoundrels,  infernal,  and  brutes,  rep- 
tiles, scamps,  villains,  we  cannot  do  justice  to  ourselves 
and  our  clients,  workingmen,  and  truth  and  veracity, 
only  by  calling  them  by  their  proper  names,  and  all 
the  forementioned  crimes  and  misdemeanors  they 
have  committed,  and  we  are  in  duty  bound  to  expose 
them,  and  tell  the  truth,  and  we  shall  prove  all  those 
crimes  and  misdemeanors  against  them  ;  and  to  make 
the  indictment  short,  we  say  there  is  no  crime'  that 
we  are  acquainted  with  but  what  they  (the  aristocracy 
and  the  black  Republicans)  have  been  guilty  of,  and 
we  own  up  that  we  have  not  the  gift  of  speech  so  we 
can  do  them  justice,  in  their  iniquity  and  depravity, 
and  wickedness  and  robbing,  and  stealing,  and  we  do 
not  think  that  Webster  has  words  that  will  convey 
the  tartarean  nefariousnessof  the  demons  ;  so  we  will 
go  straight  to  work  and  show  by  history  what  they 
have  done  in  the  world,  and  we  will  find  no  hard  task 
to  prove  them  guilty  of  high  crimes  and  misdemean- 
ors. And,  reader,  you  no  doubt  do  want  us  to  give 
evidence  sufficient  amply  to  prove  their  guilt ;  and 
you  find  no  fault  if  we  make  grave  charges  and  prove 
them,  or  give  history  that  proves  iniquity  unparalleled 
without  making  the  grave  charges. 

We  shall  define  a  few  more  words:  Workingmen 
are  those  who  do  manual  physical  labor,  and  are  the 
most  useful  men  of  society,  and  merchants,  and  all  in- 
telligent men  who  do  important  mental  labor.  Dem- 
ocrats are  those  who  are  in  favor  of  equal  rights  and 
privileges,  and  are  opposed  to  class  legislation,  are  in 
favor  of  honest  government,  equal  and  exact  justice  to 
all  men,  opposed  to  laws  that  have  a  tendency  to  ac 
cumulate  the  property  of  the  country  in  a  few  men's 
hands,  are  opposed  to  lying,  cheating,  robbing,  steal- 
ing in  politics,  and  are  honest  men  in  every  thing. 
These  are  true  democrats,  and  are  a  shining  light  and 
example  to  the  world.  They  are  a  benefit  to  the  whole 
of  mankind.  They  want  no  special  privilege  for  them- 
selves, and  strenuously  oppose  giving  any  others  the 
same;  and  they  are,  as  H.  Spencer  says,  the  elevated 


8  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

class  of  politicians,  and  they  will  redeem  the  world 
from  the  lying,  aristocratic,  Black  Republican  Codfish 
Aristocracy,  whose  sole  occupation  in  the  world  has 
been  to  lie,  cheat,  steal,  rob,  and  oppress  and  enslave 
their  own  race.  We  say  shame  on  the  Black  Repub- 
lican Aristocratic  Brutes.  And  every  honest  man  will 
say  amen.  These  Black  Republicans,  four  millions 
strong,  are  more  imbued  with  party  spirit  than  the 
Barbarians  of  feudal  times  ;  they  did  not  have  the  ad- 
vantages these  barbarian  fools  have;  these  have  the 
advantages  of  schools  and  civilization,  and  yet  they 
have  not  so  much  reason  and  sense  as  a  blind  dog  pup, 
no  conscience,  no  soul,  all  party,  perfect  serfs  and  slaves, 
fools  and  knaves,  lie  and  cheat,  and  rob  and  steal  for 
their  masters,  with  more  zeal  than  the  negro  slaves  of 
the  South  had  for  their  masters.  All  their  masters  have 
to  do  is  to  give  the  word  of  command,  and  they  are 
unhesitatingly  obeyed.  Their  masters  say  we  steal, 
and  if  we  are  turned  out  those  put  in  will  do  the  same  ; 
the  four  million  fools  will  say  (so  they  will).  Their 
masters  say  there  is  no  honest  man,  the  four  million 
serfs  echo  (there  is  no  honest  man).  Their  masters  say 
we  are  going  back  into  barbarism  ;  the  four  million 
slaves  say  (we  are  going  back  into  barbarism).  Their 
masters  say  the  democrats  and  workingmen  are  not  fit 
to  run  the  government ;  the  four  million  of  insane  imps 
will  answer  (certainly  they  are  not).  Their  masters 
say  we  are  for  high  wages  for  the  workingman ;  the 
silly  gulls  will  say  (so  you  are).  The  black  scamps 
will  steal  fixe  millions  of  dollars  a  day,  and  the  fools 
will  say  to  the  Democrats,  (you  may  be  glad  to  get 
off  with  that).  The  fanatic  Black  Republican  will  say 
aristocracy  has  always  stolen  from  the  people,  and  still 
he  votes  the  tartarean  black  ticket  every  time.  The 
silly  gudgeon  will  say  he  is  not  a  good  man  and  citi- 
zen who  ujjholds  corporations  taking  over  thirty-seven 
per  cent,  out  of  the  hard  earnings  of  the  people,  and 
he  is  sure  to  vote  the  infernal  Black  RejDublican  ticket 
the  first  opportunity,  and  they  take  as  high  as  one- 
hundred  ]jer  cent,  out  of  the  {)eoj)lc  in  many  cases.    We 


INTRODUCTION. 


know  that  it  is  hard  to  believe  snch  infernal  infatua- 
tion, but  we  tell  you  positively  that  we  know  it  to  be 
the  case.  Every  sensible  and  honest  man  will  say,  O 
fool  of  fools.  The  Black  Republicans  will  import  la- 
borers from  Europe,  and  hire  them  for  sixty  cents  a 
day,  when  there  is  millions  of  Americans  idle  in  the 
country,  and  the  Blacks  do  not  find  a  word  of  fault.  Any 
thing  the  Black  Republican  imps  do  or  say  is  2S\right 
to  the  egregious  simpletons,  four  million  strong.  If 
the  Black  scamps  should  steal  the  whole  country,  it 
would  be  all  rip-ht  to  the  foolish  four  million  strong, 
who  vote  the  Black  ticket,  right  or  wrong.  So  by  the 
four  million  serfs  and  slaves  we  mean  those  Barbar- 
ians who  have  no  virtue  or  conscience,  but  2fo  with 
the  Black  infernals,  if  they  carry  the  country  to  per- 
dition ;  and  we  have  interviewed  many  and  there  is  all 
of  four  million  of  them,  and  they  are  the  backbone  of 
the  Black  Republicans,  We  will  ask  you  if  ever  you 
have  heard  a  Black  Republican  find  any  fault  with  the 
Black  infernals.  We  say  you  have  not.  They  do  not 
find  fault,  and  they  do  not  know  any  more  about  the 
swindling  in  politics  than  a  three  days'  old  dog  pup, 
and  they  will  not  be  informed.  It  is  a  pity,  and  we 
are  sorry.  They  are  the  greatest  fools  we  ever  knew. 
They  compose  about,  or  a  little  more,  than  two-thirds 
of  the  Black  Republican  party.  They  are  the  de- 
structives who  make  paupers,  starve  women  and  chil- 
dren, bring  misery  and  woe  in  the  country,  destroy 
civilization,  rob  the  workingman  of  his  labor.  They 
live  on  the  fruits  of  the  toil  of  the  workingman,  always 
have.  But  the  worst  of  the  matter  is  that  out  of  the  six 
millions  of  the  Black  Republican  Codfish  Aristocracy, 
only  one  million  get  any  of  the  stolen  money;  the  five 
millions  stand  by  the  rack,  fodder  or  no  fodder.  We 
will  prove  the  amount  that  the  Black  infernals  stole 
from  the  people.  Then  there  are  about  two  millions, 
rather  less,  of  Republicans  who  have  souls,  have  a  con- 
science, have  virtue,  sufficient  to  leave  the  Black  infer- 
nals when  they  find  that  they  are  voting  to  injure  the 
country.      They  elected  C/i^z^^/ioi/^^m  1884.     They  are 


lO  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

the  only  hope  for  the  countrv.  If  all  were  as  the  four 
niillions  of  Demons,  we  would  certainly  go  to  Davy 
Jones.  Some  of  them  will  buy  our  book  and  some  will 
profit  by  it,  but  they  are  besieged  and  lied  to  by  the 
four  million  strong  ;  they  have  dragons  watching  them 
who  do' nothing  but  attend  to  politics.  It  pays  to  steal 
five  millions  a  day,  and  the  Hydras  are  continually  on 
the  alert.  If  one  of  the  four  milliion  serfs  and  slaves, 
thieves  and  knaves,  buys  our  book,  it  will  be  only  to  lie 
about  it,  and  run  it  down  ;  and  if  you  find  any  one  run- 
ning down  our  book  you  will  know  that  he  is  one  of 
the  four  million  serfs  and  liars,  and  slaves,  fools,  cheats 
thieves  and  knaves.  The  great  error  of  the  Republi- 
cans is  that  they  have  anything  to  do  in  politics  with 
those  infamous,  flagitious,  degraded,  lying,  stealing, 
cheating,  robbing,  unfeeling,  unconscious,  infernal,  four 
million  Black  Republican  Codfish  Aristocracy.  We 
appeal  to  them  to  examine  our  book.  Do  not  find  fault 
with  the  epithets  we  apply  to  the  lying  thieves.  We 
are  the  advocate  of  the  workingman,  are  defending  the 
workingman,  and  prosecuting  the  four  million  thieves 
for  stealing  40  billions  in  24  years,  and  we  have  to  call 
them  by  their  proper  names.  Read  the  book  and  you 
will  be  satisfied  that  we  have  proved  the  charges  set 
forth  in  this  introduction.  So  you  can  plainly  perceive 
that  tliis  is  a  trial  of  the  Black  Republican  Codfish  Aris- 
tocracy, four  million  strong  for  stealing  forty  billions 
.of  dollars  from  the  workingmen  in  twenty-four  years, 
and  five  millions  daily  now.  And  the  book  gives  the 
evidence  from  history.  And  we  being  the  advocate 
we  would  not  be  doing  our  duty  if  we  left  a  stone  un- 
turned in  the  prosecution,  and  we  shall  endeavor  to 
do  our  (hay  to  the  best  of  our  ability;  and  reader,  be 
patient,  and  watch  every  charge,  and  see  if  they  are 
all    proved. 

The  next  class  of  Politicians  we  shall  describe  is  the 
Black  Democrats.  They  are  half  Blooded  Democrats 
mixed  with  the  bad  blood  of  the  four  million  liars  and 
tliieves,  and  they  therefore  have  many  of  the  sayings 
of  the  Black  infernal  scamps,  such  as  there  is  no  hon- 


INTRODUCTION.  1 1 

est  man,  and  all  politicians  will  steal,  and  that  there  is 
no  difference  in  the  parties,  and  all  is  fair  in  politics; 
and  by  the  last  expression  you  will  know  the  Black 
Democrat,  and  any  fool  and  novice  knows  that  he  lies 
when  he  says  so,  and  he  also  can  be  told  by  saying 
there  is  no  aristocracy  in  this  country,  a  phrase  he  swal- 
lowed from  the  lying  aristocracy.  He,  the  Black  imp 
of  a  Democrat,  is  on  good  terms  with  the  four  million 
Black  Republicans,  liars  and  thieves;  he  is  a  fair  weath- 
er Democrat,  he  is  opposed  to  any  reforms  ;  in  a  trying 
time  and  in  an  important  election,  he  votes  the  tarta- 
rean  Black  Republican  ticket ;  he  is  a  mongrel,  he  can- 
not be  trusted  in  an  emergency.  In  sunshine  and  un- 
important times  he  is  all  right  and  often  boisterous. 
But  when  the  infernal  Black  Republican  Hydras  and 
fou  ■  million  liars  and  thieves  have  a  fat  job  to  carry 
through,  which  they  often  have,  they  can  positively 
count  on  him ;  he  is  sure  meat  for  them,  he  is  always 
looking  for  filthy  lucre,  he  is  on  the  watch  for  soap, 
he  wants  something  that  chinks.  The  diabolicate 
Black  infernals,  four  million  strong,  give  him  a  wink,  a 
nod  of  the  head,  and  hold  the  right  hand  behind  them, 
and  he  knows  what  is  in  the  wind,  and  he  is  sure  to 
count  on  the  Black  Republican  side ;  he  will  deceive 
his  democratic  friends  by  giving  them  a  bogus  ticket, 
and  he  is  so  practiced  in  disguise  that  he  is  very  sel- 
dom caught,  and  the  infernal,  Erebus-deserving  Black 
Republican  villains  employ  him  to  bribe  and  corrupt 
his  democratic  friends.  He  is,  in  fine,  a  slipper}'-,  un- 
scrupulous, greasy,  unprincipled,  degraded  wire  pull- 
er, and  the  community  would  be  better  off  with  his 
absence.  But  he  is  a  natural  poisonous  reptile,  and 
he  is  a  damage  to  his  race.  You  will  perceive  he  is 
much  like  the  Black  Republican  Codfish  Erebus-de- 
serving aristocracy ;  he  is  not  yet  fledged  in  demo- 
cracy. He  has  the  tricks  and  crimes  of  the  stygian 
Black  Republican  Scamps.  The  Black  Anacondas 
have  him  catalogued  as  to  be  counted  when  really 
wanted.  Those  conversant  with  the  inside  of  politics 
know  him,  and  you   will  know  him  by  the  above  ex- 


12  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

pressions  given.  We  think  there  is  more  than  a  mil- 
lion of  those  Half  Blooded  Barbarians  in  the  United 
States.  They  are  no  benefit,  but  a  damage  to  the 
honest  people  of  the  country.  But  they  have  evolved 
a  long  way  ahead  of  the  lying,  cheating,  robbing,  steal- 
ing Black  Codfish  Aristocracy,  and  in  time  they  or 
their  posterity  will  be  democrats.  But  you  must  not 
think  of  the  Black  Republicans  ever  being  for  an  hon- 
est, liberal  Government.  We  say  again  they  are  the 
descendants  of  the  Feudalists,  and  are  an  ignorant, 
vile,  degraded  horde  of  lying,  cheating,  stealing,  rob- 
bing Barbarians,  incapable  of  progress,  and  are  a  pack 
of  serfs  and  slaves,  implicitly  obeying  a  lying,  stealing, 
robbing,  ignorant,  degraded,  infamous  aristocracy,  who 
laid  the  plans  and  put  up  the  job  to  steal,  and  engineer- 
ed the  villainous  scheme  to  steal  the  40  billions  of  dol- 
lars from  the  workimg  men  in  24  years,  and  are  now 
stealing  five  millions  a  day  from  the  people.  The 
Black  Republican  party  are  the  greatest  thieves  that 
ever  existed  on  the  earth,  and  they  are  the  most  per- 
fectly organized  of  any  band  of  thieves  that  ever  plied 
their  occupation  in  this  world  They  are  composed  of 
about  six  millions  of  voters,  one  million  head  thieves 
who  put  up  the  jobs  and  take  nearly  all  the  money ; 
but  it  costs  much  for  expenses  buying  votes,  and  the 
more  it  costs  the  more  they  steal,  and  they  give  the 
three  millions  who  do  the  dirty  work  a  few  crumbs 
that  fall  from  the  aristocrat's  tables.  And  then  there  is 
from  one  to  two  millions  of  republicans,  who  are  evol- 
ving slowly  into  democrats,  and  they  assist  the  demo- 
crats to  form  honest  Government,  and  are  a  benefit 
to    the    Country,  and  they  are  mostly  working  men. 

The  one  million  thieves  were  the  part  of  the  Black 
Rejjublicans   who  laid  the  conspiracy  to  cheat  S.  J. 

Tilden  out  of  the  Presidency,  and  the  three  million 
high  binders  done  the  dirty  work.  These  four  millions 
Black  Republican  Codfish  Aristocracy  are  like  the 
law  of  the  Medes  and  Persians,  which  alters  not. 

We  rlid  not  define  the  word  Aristocrat,  that  is  the 
political  aristocrat,  that  is  the  only  one  we  have  any- 


INTRODUCTION.  1 3 

thing  to  say  about.  He  is  an  enemy  to  his  race,  and 
a  disgrace  to  his  species.  He  does  any  vile  and  de- 
graded work  that  brings  him  a  Hving  A  political 
aristocrat  is  one  who  is  in  favor  of  government  in 
the  hands  of  a  few,  and  the  people  be  serfs  and  slaves  ; 
and  they  manage  to  get  all  the  property  that  is  made 
and  do  not  work. 

An  aristocrat  is  one  in  favor  of  government  in  the 
hands  of  a  few,  and  those  who  are  in  favor  of  such 
government,  and  those  who  assist  to  maintain  such  a 
government,  although  they  are  as  poor  as  a  church 
mouse.  So  aristocracy,  that  is  political  aristocracy, 
consists  of  a  few  who  get  the  money,  and  their  helpers, 
who  are  parasites  and  miserable  slaves.  We  detest 
these  aristocrats,  all  the  rich  who  steal,  and  the  poor 
aristocrats  who  steal  for  the  rich  and  get  nothing  for 
themselves.  All  should  be  put  down  by  the  working 
men  and  become  extinct  They  should  be  served  as 
the  honey  bee  serves  the  drones.  They  are  of  less 
use  than  the  drones  ;  they  are  of  no  use  at  all,  but  the 
greatest  damage  that  can  be;  they  rob,  steal,  live  in 
idleness,  and  become  weak  and  effeminate,  and  of  no 
account,  and  they  make  millions  of  paupers  by  steal- 
ing through  class  laws. 

Working  man,  it  is  Aristocracy  against  the  People. 
If  the  aristocracy  prevails,  then  the  people  will  be  pau- 
pers, serfs  and  slaves;  and  if  the  people  prevail  then 
wages  will  be  high.  Just  think  of  having  five  mil- 
lions of  dollars  a  day  divided  among  the  people,  which 
the  aristocrats  now  are  stealing  every  day.  No  won- 
der they  can  build  fine  houses,  have  horses  worth 
^50,000,  and  carriages  worth  $10,000,  and  they  did 
not  cost  them  a  cent;  they  stole  them  from  the  peo- 
ple, and  the  working  man  made  it  all  with  hard  work 
and  laborious  toil  from  four  in  the  morning  until 
eight  at  night,  sixteen  hours  a  day,  and  the  aristocrat 
takes  all  but  a  little  for  the  working  man  to  keep 
body  and  soul  together,  and  his  wife  and  children  are 
crying  for  bread. 

Working  man,  stop  this  immense  stealing,  and  you 


14  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

will  have  everything  in  abundance,  and  it  is  an  easy 
matter  to  do.  Read  this  book,  and  you  will  know 
how  to  cure  the  greatest  evil  the  world  ever  saw. 
The  infernal  aristocracy  and  black  republicanism, 
they  are  the  same.  The  four  millions  liars,  thieves, 
robbers,  serfs  and  slaves,  the  codfish,  tartarean,  black 
republican  hydra  that  does  nearly  all  the  evil  in  the 
world.  Working  man,  you  should  despise,  abominate 
and  detest  him ;  he  is  the  cause  of  your  poverty,  pau- 
perism, distress,  misery,  anguish  and  woe. 

Why  will  you  let  the  insidious  reptile  and  poison- 
ous cobra  encumber  the  earth.?  Strike  for  your  lib- 
erty, it  is  fast  getting  as  it  is  in  Europe ;  strike  for 
your  comfort ;  strike  to  save  the  fruits  of  your  labor  ; 
strike  for  bread  for  your  wife  and  children.  Read 
the  bills  many  times.  Stop  the  brutes'  stealing,  let 
them  work  for  a  living  as  you  are  doing. 

All  the  charges  made  in  this  introduction  we  shall 
prove,  and  give  history  to  show  that  those  pretenders 
and  liars  have  always  robbed  and  enslaved  the  people; 
that  they  have  made  war  continually  ;  murdered  and 
assassinated  each  other,  sacked,  razed,  plundered  the  cit- 
ies, and  in  many  cases  left  no  traces  that  a  city  had  ever 
been  there  ;  took  cities  and  killed  all  the  prisoners, 
sometimes  sold  them  into  slavery,  (which  England 
done  about  200  years  ago),  how  they  butchered  women 
and  children,  built  pyramids  of  human  skulls,  outraged 
the  tender  sex,  and  every  crime  that  can  be  named;  and 
we,  as  the  advocate  for  the  working  man,  shall  have  to 
call  the  infernal  barbarian  brutes  by  their  proper  names 
if  we  can  ;  but  we  are  inadequate  to  the  unpleasant 
task,  liut  the  truth  must  be  told,  about  the  tartarean 
Gorgons  and  aristocratic  reptiles ;  and  why  are  they 
still  suffered  to  steal  five  millions  a  day  from  the 
people  ?  ihe  Hook  will  prove  the  infamy  and  degra- 
dation of  aristocracy,  so  it  will  be  an  argument  through- 
out the  whole  from  beginning  to  the  end.  Bnt  we  shall 
have  to  prove  that  all  vegetalDles,  animals,  and  all  pro- 
gress came  by  degrees,  and  we  will  show  that  nature 
continually  improves  all  things,  and  animals  and  plants 


INTRODUCTION.  1 5' 

are  becoming  extinct  and  new  ones  taking  their  place, 
wiiich  will  prove  that  the  expression  that  the  hang 
thieves  haVe  put  in  the  mouths  of  their  ductile,  sequa- 
cious and  abject  followers  is  not  true,  and  a  moment's 
reflection  by  any  sensible  man  will  convince  him  that 
it  is  a  lie.  It  is  as  follows  :  "  Aristocracy  has  always 
ruled,  and  always  will"  The  first  part  of  the  sen- 
tence is  true,  {but  the  last  part  is  a  lie.)  According  to  the 
laws  of  nature  they  will  become  extinct,  and  the  work- 
ingmen  will  take  all.  The  conflict  this  book  shows  is 
between  the  workingmen  and  the  vile  and  tartarean 
aristocracy.  And  we  notice  that  a  writer  on  political 
economy  says  that  there  is  no  conflict  between  capital 
and  labor.  We  are  in  doubt  what  to  make  of  such 
egregious  folly.  Capital  has  always  ruled  the  world, 
robbed  and  enslaved  the  workingman.  Most  of  the 
time  he  received  no  wages,  but  worked  for  board  that 
was  worth  five  to  six  cents  a  day,  and  less.  No,  the 
great  conflict  of  the  world  has  been  between  capital 
and  labor  except  zuars,  and  the  coming  conflict  that 
will  darken  all  is  between  capital  and  labor.  And  la- 
bor will  conquer  and  aristocracy  will  go  under,  never 
to  come  to  lie  and  to  rob  the  people  any  more,  and 
heaven  protect  the  workingman.  Our  argument  be- 
gins with  Geology,  which  shows  that  the  world  was 
nothing  but  gas  at  first,  and  it  condensed  to  a  solid 
and  there  was  no  life  on  it.  When  it  became  fit  for 
life  it  appeared.  Then  more  perfect  life  appeared  to 
man ;  so  the  earth  naturally  improved  then,  and  we  see 
that  man  improved  by  degrees  continually,  all  animals 
improved,  and  everything  we  see  proves  progress,  and 
it  plainly  proves  that  the  infernal  aristocracy  must  go. 
The  workingmen  will  not  long  let  the  thieves  steal 
their  labor;  then  they  will  have  to  go  as  the  drones  do 
in  the  honey  bee-hive.  Then  we  see  continual  change, 
progress  in  the  solid  earth,  in  plants,  in  animals,  in 
man,  in  tools,  in  arts  and  sciences,  in  ideas,  in  machin- 
ery, in  everything.  He  is  an  egregious  fool  that  thinks 
the  lying  Black  Republican  will  rule  many  centuries 
longer;  he  will  be  extirpated,  as  nature  has  the  most  of 


1 6  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

her  work,  and  replaced  it  with  better  things.  Any  per- 
son can  see  it  that  has  sense,  but  the  four  million  Black 
Republican  Barbarians  cannot  see  anything,  only  what 
is  for  the  benefit  of  their  masters.  It  has  always  been 
so,  and  will  be  until  they  become  extinct.  Nature 
works  just  as  we  have  done  with  our  machinery.  We 
need  not  name  to  a  man  of  sense,  if  3^ou  read  this  book 
carefully  several  times  you  will  see  the  harmony  in  na- 
ture ;  but  many  fools  can  see  nothing  but  discord,  and 
3'ou  will  see  that  we,  being  part  of  the  great  universe, 
cannot  do  different  from  the  laws  of  nature,  and  pro- 
gress is  a  law  of  nature,  it  is  plainly  to  be  seen,  and  pro- 
gress is  a  law  of  our  nature.  Aristocracy  loathes  to 
give  up  their  tartarean  grip,  but  she  must,  and  perish 
as  hundreds  of  millions  of  beasts  that  became  unfit  for 
the  world.  So  do  not  be  skeptical ;  we  see  that  nature 
says  and  all  will  see,  that  she  will  make  the  vile  aristo- 
crat go  where  millions  have  went  before  them,  to  an- 
nihilation. Fools  say  the  aristocracy  will  always  rule, 
and  aristocracy  will  try  to  rule,  but  I  tell  you  aristoc- 
racy must  go.  Can  a  few  rule  the  many  always  ?  Prepos- 
terous and  absurd.  Can  one  rule  eleven  forever.?  Folly 
in  the  extreme.  O  fool,  do  you  think  that  the  eleven 
will  never  learn  how  to  hamstring  the  one  lying,  cheat- 
ing, theiving,  robbing  villain,  who  has  always  robbed 
them,  and  do  you  think  that  they  will  never  find  it  out  ? 
The  Democrats  know  it, and  all  we  want  more  is  to  have 
the  Republicans  see. 


THE  WORKINGMAN  S  GUIDE. 


CHAPTER  I. 

Geology — Progress. 

There  is  a  book  we  all  have  studied,  many  super- 
ficially, but  it  is  very  necessary  that  we  should  make 
it  our    principal  examination.     It    is  the  book  of  all 
books,  the  book  that  contains  all  knowledge,  sacred 
or  profane,  good  or  evil.     It  is  the  book  we  must  con- 
sult in  adversity  or  prosperity;  our  welfare  entirely  de- 
pends on  the  knowledge  we   have  of  that  book  ;  we 
have  to  consult  it  on  every  occasion.     In  this  plain 
talk  we  shall  begin  with  the  lowest  order  of  creation, 
and  trace  the  animals  from  the  lowest  up  to  the  cli- 
max man,  from  the  lowest  animated  being  to  the  high- 
est.    The  object  is  to  prove  that  nature  is  a  gradation, 
that  all  nature  was  formed  by  degrees,  and  it  is  work- 
ing so  at  the  present  time,  and  always  will.      Scientists 
nearly  all  agree  that  the  earth  at  first  was  all  gas,  and 
round  as  at  present,  and  revolved  on   its  axis  at   an 
early  date,  long  before  it  became  solid.     The  attraction 
of   gravitation  caused  it   to  contract,  which  made    it 
grow  hot,  and  in  many  years   it   became  many  times 
hotter  than  red  hot  iron,  yes,  hotter  than  melted  iron. 
After  a  long  time  the  centrifugal  force,  caused  by  the 
revolution  on  its  axis,  balanced  the  attraction  of  grav- 
itation, and  it   then  began  to  cool,  and  after  hundred 
thousands  of  years  or  more,  a  crust  began  to  form  on 
its  surface,  but  that  crust  no  doubt  was  many  thousand 
times  broken  before  it  became  so  strong  as  to  remain 
for  some  time.    But  when  the  atmosphere  cooled,  the 
steam  condensed  to  water,  and  that  water  settling  on 
the  crust  made  it  crack  again  and  break  up,  and  the 
water  again  converted  into  steam  and  again  cooling, 
was  converted  into  water,  and  so  it  settled  on  the  sur- 


1 8  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

face  until  the  crust  was  cool  enough  to  hold  the  water, 
when  it  remained  on  the  crust,  which  by  breaking  so 
often  had  become  uneven,  and  the  water  settled  in  the 
lowest  places  as  we  now  find  it.  But  there  was  no 
rest  for  terra  firma.  The  water  found  its  way  into  the 
cracks,  which  caused  volcanoes,  that  threw  up-  rocks 
mountains  high,  and  such  takes  place  occasionally  at 
this  age  of  the  earth.  When  the  earth  became  cool 
rain  descended,  and  soon  rivers  descended  down  the 
mountains,  and  the  atmosphere  being  heavily  charged 
with  gasses,  the  water  wore  channels  in  the  rocks  for 
the  rivers  to  flow,  and  the  matter  worn  away.  And  as 
the  water  was  highly  charged  with  mineral  matter,  so 
the  vapor  of  the  atmosphere  was  heavy.  The  rain 
was  of  the  same  nature,  and  the  water  like  it,  so  the 
water  wore  the  rock  away  rapidly.  The  worn  matter 
descended  to  the  low  places,  and  so  the  soil  was  formed. 
The  soil  being  produced  and  cooled  to  the  proper 
temperature,  plants  began  to  grow,  first  on  the  edge 
of  the  water,  and  next  on  the  land.  The  water  was 
still  warm,  but  the  rocks  were  hot.  The  water  cooled 
oft  first.  They  were  feeble  and  all  were  soft,  so  they 
were  not  fossilized.  The  worn  rock  that  was  washed 
into  the  low  places  solidified,  and  in  many  thousands 
of  years  formed  rocks.  Those  are  the  rocks  that  con- 
tained the  first  fossils;  but  most  of  those  rocks,  per 
haps  nearly  all,  were  hove  up  again  and  melted.  They 
were  called  metamorphic  rocks.  Granite  was  also 
forming  continually  below,  as  the  earth  cooled,  and 
much  of  that  granite  was  again  thrown  up  by  volca- 
noes, and  melted  again  and  again.  And  the  early  fos- 
sils have  again  and  often  been  destroyed.  Most  of 
the  rocks  that  we  now  see  are  formed  from  the  worn 
material  from  former  rocks  that  has  solidified  into 
rocks.  These  rocks  contain  the  fossils,  as  we  said  be- 
fore ;  but  it  took  many  ages  to  solidify  these  rocks. 
Granite  was  the  first  rock  that  was  formed. 

PERIODS  AND  AGES  OF    ROCKS,   FROM    BELOW,  UP. 

I.     <",i-nnite,    Metamorphic,   Laurentian,   Cambrian, 
age  of  minerals. 


GEOLOGY FOSSILS.  I  9 

2.  Silurian,  age  of  Mollusca,  Devonian,  age  of  fishes. 

3.  Carboniferous  and  Permian,  age  of  plants. 

4.  Secondary,  age  of  reptiles;  Tertiary,  age  of  mam- 
mals. 

5.  Quartenary,  age  of  man. 

During  the  granite  and  metamorphic  formations, 
there  was  no  life ;  the  earth  was  too  hot,  and  there 
was  no  water.  It  was  all  vapor.  The  metamorphic 
in  some  places  is  fifteen  miles  thick,  as  shown  on  the 
flanks  of  the  Andes.  These  rocks  are  the  sediment 
of  boiling  granite  and  other  rocks,  that  has  taken  ages 
to  cool.  What  an  enormous  heat  to  mjclt  granite,  and 
what  an  infinite  time  to  cool!  And  all  this  infinite 
time  to  cool,  and  all  this  time  and  also  a  longer  time, 
when  there  was  no  rock  on  this  earth,  there  was  not  a 
germ  of  life  on  earth.  The  sublunary  sphere  was  a 
dreary  waste.  But,  says  the  fanatic,  "It  was  all  made 
and  peopled  with  men,  herbs  and  animals  in  six  days." 

What  are  fossils  ?  Animals  or  plants  buried  in 
earth  and  water  by  natural  causes,  and  preserved  and 
petrified.  As  the  earth  was  very  changeable  at  first, 
the  crust  was  often  broken  up.  Many  animals  were 
thrown  up  by  volcanoes,  and  burnt  up  and  became 
lost.  The  fossils  are  generally  heavier  than  the  natur- 
al animal,  as  the  earth  finds  its  way  into  the  carcass  of 
the  animal,  and  becomes  solid  and  heavy  as  rock,  and, 
in  fact,  is  rock  ;  but  the  shells  generally  remain  so  near 
the  original  as  to  be  plainly  identified.  Not  only  ani- 
mals, but  parts  or  whole  of  trees,  are  petrified  and  are 
called  fossils.  And  also  the  tracks  of  animals  and 
birds  are  preserved  in  the  rocks  and  are  called  fossils 
or  footprints.  These  fossils  are  of  great  value  in  read- 
ing the  past  history  of  the  earth,  and  they  also  show 
the  graduation  of  animals,  as  also  the  appearance  and 
extinction  of  them  on  the  earth.  Millions  of  animals 
have  become  extinct.  They  once  roamed  on  the 
earth,  but  passed  to  extinction  never  to  appear  again. 
This  is  an  important  event  and  should  be  noticed. 
Who  can  tell  why  they  were  created,  and  then  in  after 
times  become  extinct  and  never  appear  again  ?     And 


20  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

notice  that  when  an  animal   becomes  extinct,  it  can 
never  appear  again.    Evolution  can  solve  the  question. 
When  the  animal  was  created,  the  conditions  and  cir- 
cumstances were  in  such  a  posture  that  nature  by  her 
efforts  formed  the  animal ;  and  the  animal  became  ex- 
tinct  because   the    conditions    afterwards    were   such 
that  the  life   of  the  animal  could  not  exist,  and  death 
had  to  follow.     But  the  same  conditions  and  circum- 
stances had  to  exist  again  as  they  were  at  the  creation 
of  the  animal,  which  they  never  can.     The  same  con- 
ditions that  exist  at  any  certain  time  can  never,  and 
never  do,  exist  again.    So  two  animals  were  never  cre- 
ated at  two  different  places  that  were  precisely  alike, 
because  the  existing    conditions    and    circumstances 
never  were  alike   in  two  different  places,  nor  in  any 
one  place  the  second  time.     That  is  the  reason  that 
no  two  animals,  trees,  plants,  seeds  nor  men  were  cre- 
ated alike.     All  know   that   no   two    men  are  exactly 
alike.     Nature  works  with  the  materials  at  her  reach, 
and  she  cannot   work  different  at  one   time  from  an- 
other.    She  does  not  vary.     This  is  all  there  is  about 
what  fanatics  have  made  such  an  ado  about.    Remem- 
ber that  all  these  fossils  were  once  living  animals  ;  no 
sporting  in  the  works  of  nature,  no  experiments,  all 
law,  without  any  variation  in  her  work  ;  if  the  condi- 
tions are  alike  then  the  products  will    be  alike,  other- 
wise not.    The  laws  are  the  same  today,  yesterday,  and 
forever.      Some    fanatics    have    said    that   fossils    are 
sports  of  nature.     Foolish  fanatics  !  they  know  but  lit- 
tle of  nature,  and  never  will  know.     Scientists  place 
animals  as  follows,  becinnino-  below  in  the   Cambrian 
and    Laurentian    formations,    the    metaphorphic    and 
granite  having  no  fossils;  and  they  also  state  that  the 
first  fossils  were  small,  and   the  first  animals  they  call 
radiates.     No  doubt  the  first  animals  were  too  soft  to 
be  fossilized,  and  did  not  leave  an   impression   in  the 
rock.;   so   it  is   very  probable  that  we  will   not  have  a 
perfect  geological  record.     The  first  fossils  found  are 
extremely  simple   in    their  structure;    they  have    no 
mouths,  no  stomach,   no  heart,  no  lungs;  one  organ 


FOSSILS — PROGRESS.  2  I 

does  the  whole  of  the  work  to  continue  their  life. 
They  were  the  lowest  of  all  animals.  They  were  so 
delicate  that  but  comparatively  few  of  them  were  found 
fossilized  of  the  radiate  species,  because  they  were  de- 
stroyed. Some  naturalists  suppose  that  many  thou- 
sand of  these  animals  have  been  in  existence.  They 
have  no  eyes,  no  nerves,  no  ears,  no  circulation  that 
is  apparent,  and  some  of  them,  if  cut  in  pieces,  each 
piece,  if  kept  in  a  favorable  place,  will  grow  to  be  a 
perfect  animal  of  the  original  species.  It  does  not 
make  any  difference  how  large  or  small  the  pieces  are 
cut,  the  results  will  be  the  same.  We  are  satisfied  that 
plants  were  the  first  to  appear  on  the  earth.  The  first 
animals  were  much  like  plants,  the  same  in  appear- 
ance. Who  would  conclude  at  first  sight  that  a  sponge 
was  an  animal  ?  but  it  is  called  so.  The  reason  that 
fossil  plants  at  first  were  so  few  is,  that  the  earth  was 
so  hot  that  the  plants  grew  so  soft  that  they  would  not 
remain  in  shape  long  enough  to  be  preserved  as  fos- 
sils. Life  was  first  generated  on  the  ocean  shores, 
and  the  first  animals  were  called  radiates ;  they  were 
circular,  with  five  parts,  in  the  shape  of  a  starfish,  hav- 
ing five  arms  or  fingers.  The  crinoids  five  sides,  and 
fingers  are  five,  ten,  twenty,  or  some  multiple  of  five. 
It  includes  the  sponges,  corals,  star-fishes  and  all  other 
animals  known  as  zoophites  or  plant  animals,  because 
they  resemble  plants,  and  are  the  links  that  connect 
the  animal  and  vegetable  kingdoms  ;  and,  as  noticed 
before,  they  have  no  eyes.  The  sponge  and  many 
others  have  no  nervous  system,  and  can  have  no  feel- 
ing, and  some  of  the  palph  species  may  be  turned  in- 
side out,  and  still  the  animal  will  live  as  before.  There 
are  about  ten  thousand  species  of  radiates  in  the  seas. 
The  next  animals  that  appeared  on  the  earth  were 
the  mollusca — they  are  higher  animals  than  the  radi- 
ates. The  radiates  are  a  degree  above  plants,  but 
some  resemble  plants.  Many  have  no  locomotion,  the 
same  as  plants.  The  mollusca  are  the  first  that  have 
eyes,  ears,  nerves,  sensation,  heart,  circulation,  nervous 
system.     This  is  a  system  proves  life  the  highest  or- 


2  2  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

gans  in  animals.  Now  we  can  see  a  law  of  nature  not 
obscure,  but  obvious.  That  law  is  progress.  We  see 
inorganic  matter  bursting  into  life.  Many  of  the  mol- 
lusca  furnish  food  for  man,  as  oysters,  scallops,  mus- 
cles, clams,  and  man}^  others.  The  mollusca  are  di- 
vided into  six  classes.  The  next  order  we  notice 
came  on  earth  was 

ARTICULATES. 

Some  think  they  are  lower  than  the  mollusca,  but 
we  place  them  higher.  They  are  jointed  animals,  as 
worms,  crabs,  lobsters,  beetles,  flies  ;  they  have  a  skele- 
ton, but  it  is  exterior;  they  are  so  slight  and  so  easily 
destroyed  that  few  fossils  have  been  preserved..  They 
were  and  are  still  the  most  numerous  of  all  animals, 
and  they  are  superior  to  all  of  them  in  the  perfection 
of  their  organs  of  sensation.  As  their  organs  of  sensa- 
tion are  superior,  and  as  they  are  both  on  land  and  in 
water,  we  place  them  above  the  mollusca,  and  we 
think  they  have  more  sense  than  the  mollusca,  and 
they  are  active.  Now,  see  the  little  honey  bee ;  every 
person  would  place  it  above  the  oyster.  Why,  we  are 
sure  that  in  government  they  are  above  us  ;  they  do 
not  let  the  infamous  drone  get  away  with  the  pro- 
ducts of  their  labor,  and  they  make  them  leave  when 
they  are  of  no  use.  When  cold  and  want  stare  them 
in  the  eyes,  they  kill  off  the  drones.  We  should  take 
example  by  the  busy  bee  in  politics.  And  the  silk  worm 
is  an  articulate,  and  we  have  to  classify  them  above 
the  mollusca.  On  examination,  we  come  to  the  con- 
clusion to  place  the  articulates  above  the  dull,  and  slug- 
gish, and  senseless,  and  motionless,  and  silly  mollusca. 

The  next  animals  that  appeared  on  terra  firma  were 
vcrtcbrata  ;  they  have  a  spinal  column  or  back  bone, 
(a  good  reason  that  they  are  above  the  mollusca). 
They  arc  divided  in  four  classes — fishes,  reptiles,  mam- 
mals anrl  man.  Most  scientists  agree  to  the  above 
classification.  Cambrian  and  Laurentian  formations 
contain  the  earliest  fossils,  and  they  were  radiates. 
Wc  think  that  the  first  fossils  were  vegetable,  but  as 
remarked  before,  they  were  so  soft  that  they  could  not 


GEOLOGY VERTEBRATA.  23 

be  fossilized.  So  the  radiates  are  tlie  first  fossils  we 
notice.  The  first  animals  were  so  near  like  vegetables 
that  it  is  dif^cult  to  distinguish  the  difference.  Vege- 
tables were  not  fossilized  until  the  Silurian  age ;  they 
likely  existed  on  the  earth  ages  before,  for  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  thousands  of  years,  and  then  were  solid 
enough  to  be  fossilized.  Six  classes  of  seaweeds, 
which  are  the  lowest  of  plants  (i)  mosses,  (2)  liver- 
worts, (3)  horsetails,  mosses,  ferns,  (4)  cyeads  and  firs, 
(5)  pond  weeds,  palms,  and  the  lily  tribe,  (6)  birch, 
walnut,  sycamore,  and  plants  having  seeds  with  two 
lobes.  These  plants  appeared  very  much  in  the  order 
they  are  classed,  and  the  first  class  appeared  a  long 
time  before  the  last.  The  air  still  was  heavy  with  im- 
purities, and  the  sun  shone  dimly.  The  rocks  by  de- 
grees appeared,  but  are  hot.  The  land  is  yet  barren 
and  dreary,  and  uninhabitable,  being  too  hot  to  con- 
tain living  creatures.  Minerals  appeared  in  this  age. 
(Silurian)  shells  are  plenty.  Salt  is  found  in  this  form- 
ation ;  it  is  not  solid  but  brine.  In  the  highest  of  the 
Silurian  beds  a  few  fossils  of  fish  have  been  found,  pre- 
saging that  the  age  of  fishes  is  near.  Then  appear 
the  Devonian  formations.  Many  kinds  of  rock  form 
this  period.  This  is  the  age  of  fishes ;  they  were 
abundant  in  this  age ;  older  fossils  were  also  numer- 
ous;  some  of  the  fish  fossils  look  like  older  fossils; 
some  with  wings.  Oil  is  in  this  formation,  which  is 
below  the  coal  measures.  Oil  and  coal  are  not  con- 
nected. Oil  comes  from  corals,  it  is  an  animal  pro- 
duction. In  the  upper  Devonian  beds  fossil  reptiles 
have  been  found ;  this  indicates  that  the  age  is  not  far 
off.  It  is  next  above.  For  millions  of  years  this  globe 
revolved  around  the  sun ;  rain  fell  upon  it,  yet  nothing 
but  a  six-inch  reptile  has  been  produced.  Now  take  a 
retrospective  view,  and  it  will  appear  that  the  world 
is  progressing;  slowly,  it  is  true,  but  it  is  nevertheless 
true  that  it  is  progressing.  There  was  but  very  little 
land  at  this  period  on  the  earth,  perhaps  not  a  fiftieth 
part  land,  all  the  remainder  water  and  that  water  warm. 
No  doubt  quite  warm  animals  progressed  slowly.     We 


24  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

notice  no  warm  blooded  animals  yet,  only  fish  and 
reptiles;  animals  progressed  slowly  under  such  condi- 
tions. At  such  progress  a  long  time — yes,  millions  of 
years — was  consumed  to  produce  man.  But  nature  is 
never  deficient  in  time ;  an  infinity  of  infinity  of  time 
is  hers,  and  her  draft  for  any  time  will  be  honored. 
Plants  began  to  grow  larger  than  before  ;  trees  of  good 
size  grew  in  this  age,  but  the  crust  of  the  earth  was 
in  most  places  thin,  and  could  not  bear  a  heavy  forest. 
The  age  of  immense  forests  had  not  yet  come.  Wait 
till  the  carboniferous  comes,  which  is  next  above,  and 
than  Mother  Earth  yielded  enormous  growth  of  tim- 
ber. Trees  of  gigantic  size  grew  spontaneous,  and 
then  the  coal  measures  were  formed  during  that  pe- 
riod, and  that  age  is  the  period  of  coal  formations. 
Coal  is  fossil  wood.  Billions  of  billions  of  tons  were 
formed  in  that  age,  but  other  fossils  were  forming. 

DEVONIAN  PERIOD. 

This  is  the  age  of  fishes,  fossils  abound  of  them, 
as  they  flourished  in  this  period  and  grew  large.  Co- 
rals also  grew  in  abundance  in  this  age.  It  was  coral 
that  produced  petroleum  ;  they  were  in  abundance  at 
this  age,  and  to  them  are  we  indebted  for  coal  oil, 
which  makes  such  a  cheap  and  splendid  light. 

Petroleum  is  found  in  this  period,  and  in  abundance 
in  the  United  States.  The  Dead  Sea  abounds  with 
it,  also  Rangoon,  in  the  Burman  Empire.  These  were 
produced  in  the  Devonian  period.  Coal  oil  is  found 
in  many  places,  and  much  is  used,  but  its  consump- 
tion is  still  in  its  infancy.  One  well  produced  three 
thousand  barrels  a  day.  Vegetation  had  existed  on 
the  earth  for  a  long  time,  but  by  some  means  a  "new 
era  came,  and  trees  that  were  small  grew  to  enormous 
size.  ]''orests  were  many  times  as  heavy  as  they  are 
now.  The  atmosphere  had  many  times  as  much  car- 
bon as  now,  and  as  that  is  plant  food,  they  had  an 
abunrlancc  of  it  at  hand  for  nourishment,  and  an  im- 
mense amount  of  coal  was  formed  for  the  future  use 
of  man.  And  this  coal  has  been  of  great  use  in  the 
arts.  Coal  and  iron  have  been  the  great  coworkers 
in  the  civilization  of  man. 


CARBONIFEROUS    PERIOD.  25 

CARBONIFEROUS     PERIOD. 

This  is  the  period  of  the  exuberant  growth  of  trees  ; 
they  grew  luxuriantly,  far  beyond  what  they  had  be- 
fore. Why  the  change  was,  we  do  not  know,  but  the 
facts  remain  and  are  indisputable,  and  we  are  benefit- 
ed by  the  work  of  the  corals  in  coal  oil,  and  the  coal 
formations.  The  forests  grew  to  such  enormous 
weight  that  the  ground  sunk,  and  became  covered  with 
water,  and  after  many  ages  petrified,  and  became  coal. 
And  nearly  always  the  same  place  again,  and  many 
times  the  same  process,  was  repeated,  and  made  many 
strata  of  coal,  and  so  they  are  found  at  present.  All 
this  time  fossils  were  forming  of  animals,  as  at  pres- 
ent, and  before,  and  we  are  not  seeing  or  knowing  it, 
and  they  always  will  be  forming.  Nature  works,  and 
we  are  not  aware  of  it ;  she  never  tires,  and  she  has  but 
one  model  of  doing  her  work,  and  that  never  varies. 
You  may  think  that  erroneous  or  new  doctrine,  but  it 
is  not.  It  is  old.  Under  the  same  conditions,  nature 
produces  the  same  results  exactly,  to  the  trillionth  of 
trillionths  of  a  hair.  It  is  only  when  circumstances  al- 
ter, that  nature  produces  different  results.  Think  for 
yourself;  if  that  was  different,  all  nature  would  be 
chaos,  anarchy,  and  destruction  ;  our  very  existence 
depends  on  the  certain  and  unalterable  laws  of  nature. 
The  carboniferous  strata  is  over  a  thousand  feet  thick, 
and  it  is  divided  into  five  or  more  groups.  The  coal, 
a  production  of  that  period,  has  been  utilized  for  more 
than  a  thousand  years,  and  has  been  of  great  benefit 
to  mankind.  About  one-half  of  the  animals  fossilized 
in  the  carboniferous  period  are  extinct.  New  forms  of 
life  appeared,  and  old  ones  passed  away  and  disap- 
peared, that  is,  became  extinct.  The  permian  period 
above  the  plants  are  nearly  the  same  as  those  below 
coal.  What  could  have  produced  this  black,  inflamma- 
ble rock  ?  How  many  times  this  was  asked  before  sci- 
ence could  give  a  correct  answer.  This  she  now  does 
with  confidence.  Coal  was  once  growing  vegetable 
matter.  Take  up  a  piece  of  carboniferous  matter,  which 
is  coal,  and  on  closely  examining  it  you  will  find,  in 


26  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

most  cases,  what  looks  like  fragments  of  charcoal;  the 
fibres  of  the  original  wood  are  plainly  visible  in  them. 
By  grinding  down  a  piece  of  this  carboniferous  coal 
very  thin,  and  examining  it  through  a  microscope,  the 
very  vessels  of  the  wood  may  be  distinctly  perceived. 
As  many  as  five  different  rocks  belong  to  this  period ; 
salt  is  in  this  formation.  An  abundance  of  this  min- 
eral is  in  the  earth.  The  Salt  Lake  in  Utah  :  four 
gallons  of  water  will  make  one  of  salt.  By  burning 
sodium  in  chlorine  gas,  the  two  unite  and  form  salt. 
So  salt  is  chlorine  gas  and  sodium  united.  Gypsum 
is  formed  by  the  union  of  sulphur  and  lime.  The  new 
red  sandstone  of  this  period  contains  reptile  tracks,  al- 
so bird  tracks.  The  largest  of  the  bird  tracks  is  eigh- 
teen inches  long,  and  the  calculated  height  of  the  bird 
twelve  feet ;  and  reptile  tracks  seem  to  be  those  of  a 
frog,  by  some  thought  to  be  nearly  as  heavy  as  an  ele- 
phant; also  tracks  of  a  lizard  with  a  foot  fifteen  inches 
long,  and  many  tracks  of  insects.  This  is  the  first  ap- 
pearance of  insects,  birds,  and  reptiles.  Reptiles  ap- 
peared before  birds,  and  a  long  time  must  have  passed 
before  birds  could  fly.  There  were  none  but  tropi- 
cal trees  at  this  time.  Coal  was  also  formed  in  this 
period. 

The  triassic  period  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  in 
the  world's  history.  Fishes  abound,  reptiles  are  com- 
mon, and  larger  birds  are  numerous,  and  gigantic  mam- 
mals appear  in  this  period.  Lias,  one  of  the  groups  of 
the  secondary  period,  swarmed  with  reptiles.  One  of 
the  most  remarkable  was  the  Ichthyosaurus  (fish  lizard), 
thirty  to  forty  feet  long  ;  it  had  the  teeth  of  a  crocodile, 
and  the  paddles  of  a  whale,  mouth  large,  with  1 80  teeth 
covered  with  bony  plates  :  they  very  likely  were  the 
most  destructive  animals  that  ever  lived.  They  reigned 
supreme  in  the  ocean,  and  they  destroyed  millions 
of  animals.  These  predacious  fossils  were  once  living 
animals.  We  find  also  in  this  formation  the  Plesio- 
saurus,  near  to  lizard,  ten  to  twenty  feet  long.  In  the 
fore  i^addles  of  this  animal  we  have  the  prototype  of 
the  hand    and  arm  of  a  man,  and  fingers  also.     They 


GEOLOGY SECONDARY    PERIOD.  27 

are  covered  up  in  the  paddles,  and  cannot  be  seen  un- 
til the  paddle  is  dissected,  then  they  are  plainly  seen. 
Nature  often  foreshadows  what  is  going  to  be  produc- 
ed next,  and  the  five  fingers  of  man  and  toes  of  ani- 
mals are  presaged  in  the  first  beginning  of  organic  cre- 
tion  in  the  Radiates.  That  is  their  shape,  as  the  star 
fish.  But  in  the  Plesiosaurus  we  have  the  bones  of  the 
arm,  hands  and  fingers  of  Man.  "  In  the  fore  paddle 
of  the  Plesiosaurus  are  all  the  essential  parts  of  a  hu- 
man arm,  the  scapula,  humerus,  radius,  ulla,  the  bones 
of  the  carpus,  and  the  phalanges  for  five  fingers." 
Next  we  have  a  wonderful  fossil  called  the  Pterodac- 
tyl; this  is  the  link  uniting  the  reptile  and  the  bird. 
It  was  the  saurian  species,  with  the  wings  of  a  bird,  or 
rather  the  wings  like  a  bat.  It  had  the  bones  hollow 
like  those  of  a  bird,  its  body  and  tail  like  a  mammal. 
Many  species  of  these  animals  have  been  found.  In- 
sects are  very  common  in  some  of  the  limestones  of 
this  period.  Fossil  insects  have  been  found  in  the  tri- 
assic  beds  bearing  a  resemblance  to  the  present  insects. 
Mollusca  have  been  found  in  abundance.  Cepliatop- 
ards,  the  highest  class  of  mollusca,  abounded  in  this  pe- 
riod. The  Ammonite  was  the  most  beautiful  of  ani- 
mals. Reptiles  were  at  first  confined  to  the  seas,  but 
in  the  upper  secondary  strata  they  were  found  on  land. 
Reptiles  still  (as  now)  controlled  the  world,  but  the  dif- 
ference is  now  they  have  but  two  legs,  and  are  called 
Aristocrats,  and  have  the  shape  of  human  beings. 
When  will  they  become  like  moral  beings  ?  It  will  be 
a  long  time  yet ;  the  old  stock  will  all  die  off  first.  The 
saurians  and  pterodactyls  became  extinct  in  the  cre- 
taceous period,  and  are  all  dead.  The  other  reptiles 
will  soon  follow.  They  must  make  room  for  man  and 
important  animals;  those  of  no  importance  must  go  to 
the  wall,  never  again  to  show^  themselves  on  the  earth. 
The  coming  millenium  is  beginning  to  show  itself  ;  on- 
ly one  thing  we  have  to  do,  that  is  to  drive  the  drones 
out  of  the  hive,  and  we  will  be  all  right.  They  are  the 
cause  of  the  poverty,  distress  and  misery  in  the  world. 
All  we  have  to  do  is  to  take  the  power  aw^ay  from  the 


28  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

drones  and  Codfish  Aristocracy.  Do  not  let  them  rule 
the  country,  and  you  will  soon  see  a  change  for  the  bet- 
ter. All  you  will  then  do  is  to  be  careful  and  see  that 
equality  and  morality  are  the  foundations  of  your  laws, 
and  do  not  listen  to  the  infernal  aristocracy.  They 
are  the  poison  of  society,  the  venom  of  humanity,  the 
Asmodeus  in  human  affairs,  the  Evil  One  in  disguise. 
Beware  of  aristocracy.  Man  has  not  yet  had  his  pe- 
riod; he  has  been  some  time  on  the  earth,  but  he  is  yet 
in  his  infancy;  he  has  been  but  a  pilgrim,  a  sojourner, 
a  temporary  cosmopolitan  ;  the  coming  man  will  be  al- 
together a  different  being,  he  will  be  a  moral  being,  he 
will  be  an  honest  man,  he  will  not  study  how  to  trick, 
cheat  and  rob  his  fellow  being.  He  will  earn  his  liv- 
ing by  the  sweat  of  his  brow.  The  world  belongs  to 
the  laboring  man,  and  all  he  has  to  do  is  to  take  it. 

TERTIARY  PERIOD. 

Age  of  mammals.  Lyell  divides  this  period  in  three 
parts.  Eocene,  Miocene  and  Pliocene,  beginning  below 
with  Eocene.  Many  ancient  animals  died  out  in  this 
period,  and  many  died  in  the  secondary  period.  Nat- 
uralists once  had  the  opinion  that  nearly  all  the  old 
animals  became  extinct  in  the  Secondary  period,  but 
that  is  not  so,  as  they  say  it  is  not  the  case ;  but  a 
great  many  were  not  seen  after  the  secondary  period. 
The  Tertiary  period  has  been  called  the  age  of  mam- 
mals; they  appeared  before  the  Tertiary  period,  but 
they  flourished  in  greater  abundance  in  that  period. 

Mammals  are  divided  into  twelve  classes:  ist.  Be- 
mana,  which  is  man.  2d.  Quadrumana,  apes,  monkies, 
lemurs,  they  have  some  resemblance  to  men.  3d.  Cher- 
iopter  or  hand-winged  animals,  as  bats,  which  fly  like 
birds.  4lh.  Insectivora,  or  insect  devourers,  as  shrews, 
jnok-s,  and  hedgehogs.  5th.  Carnivora,  or  flesh  eaters. 
This  is  an  extensive  group,  as  cats,  dogs,  weasels, 
bears,  tigers,  lions,  wolves,  hyenas,  &c.  6th.  Cetacia, 
the  whale,  grampus,  j^orpoise,  and  many  others.  Many 
j^lants  are  found  in  the  Tertiary  period  that  are  now 
extinct.  It  apj)ears  that  plants  as  well  as  animals  be- 
came  extinct,  ])eiha])s  died  in  the  Secondary  period. 


GEOLOGY TERTIARY    PERIOD.  29 

SO  many  animals  are  found  in  the  Tertiary  period  that 
are  now  extinct.  The  Tertiary  period  appears  to 
have  been  favorable  for  turtles,  especially  in  the  early 
part  of  it.  Forty  species  of  extinct  mammals  have 
been  discovered  in  this  period,  both  flesh  and  vegeta-. 
ble  eaters,  some  very  large.  Many  fossil  insects  have 
been  found  in  this  period.  On  White  River,  in  Colo- 
rado, is  a  bed  of  shales  one  thousand  feet  thick.  It 
contains  flies,  turtles,  and  is  the  most  magnificent  bed 
of  rocks  in  the  country.  Pyramids  rising  mountains 
high,  walls,  castles,  towers,  pillars,  grand  beyond  des- 
cription. In  the  Miocene  beds,  sharks  were  as  large 
as  whales.  Mastodons  are  found  also  in  the  Miocene 
beds,  on  the  American  Continent,  but  disappeared. 
Horses,  also  in  America,  appeared  in  the  Miocene  pe- 
riod, but  died  out.  The  great  reptiles  also  went  out 
about  that  time ;  camels  of  America  also  departed 
nearly  the  same  time.  Monkeys  appeared  in  the  Mio- 
cene period,  they  were  larger  than  now;  one  species 
has  become  extinct  that  was  found  ;  most  of  the  ani- 
mals of  the  Tertiary  period  are  extinct.  They  mostly 
were  of  enormous  size,  but  the  early  ones  of  each  kind 
were  small,  but  the  world  was  continually  marching 
onward  and  upward,  and  silently  improving.  In  1840 
Mr.  Enery,  of  Devonshire,  England,  found  a  cave  a 
mile  from  a  town  called  Hent's  Hole,  in  which  human 
bones  and  flint  knives  were  found,  and  extinct  ani- 
mals— a  mammoth,  a  two-horned  rhinoceros,  a  cave- 
bear  and  hyena.  In  1858  a  new  cave  at  Blixham, 
near  Torquay,  was  found.  On  the  floor  of  the  cave 
were  found  flint  knives.  No  human  bones  were 
found.  Before  these  discoveries  some  of  a  like  had 
been  found  in  France,  with  the  remains  of  deer,  mam- 
moth horse,  rhinoceros,  elephant,  hyena,  tiger,  hippo- 
potamus. Before  this  time  the  earth  was  inhabited  only 
by  animals,  no  human  being  had  yet  appeared  on  the 
globe  ;  but  now  we  see  the  dawn  of  man  ;  his  imple- 
ments have  been  found,  his  bones  also  have  been  dis- 
covered, and  we  now  see  the  consummation  of  animat- 
ed creation,  the  creation  of  man.     We  have  more  evi- 


30  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

dence.  In  1854  RigoJlot,  of  Amies,  on  the  Somne,  who 
was  very  sceptical  about  these  discoveries,  \^■as  in- 
duced to  visit  Abbeville,  where  he  examined  these  col- 
lections. Returning  to  Amies  he  found  similar  re- 
mains. Near  the  city  he  found  hatchets,  poinards, 
knives,  beads,  bracelets,  and  up  to  this  time  over  a 
thousand  implements  had  been  found  in  the  valley  of 
the  Somne,  yet  doubt  remained  in  the  minds  of  geol- 
ogists of  England.  The  doubts  were  dispelled  ;  three 
savants  went  to  see.  One  reported  that  old  coins  were 
found.  One  of  the  former  caves  was  again  examined, 
and  nine  flint  implements  were  found;  the  edges  of 
the  flints  were  sharp,  and  remains  of  animals  were  al- 
so found.  The  human  remains  discovered  in  differ- 
ent places  had  nothing  in  common  with  those  of  the 
present  of  the  country.  We  were  arguing  with  a  ly- 
ing skunk  who  said  the  skulls  were  exactly  similar. 
Poor  thing  that  he  is,  his  lying  will  not  alter  the  mat- 
ter ;  truth  is  mighty  and  will  prevail.  The  forehead 
of  these  skulls  receded  on  the  level  with  the  face. 
Lyell  estimates  these  skulls  to  have  been  deposited 
there  100,000  years  ago,  and  some  think  200,000 
3^ears  ago.  Now  let  us  take  a  retrospective  view  of 
what  we  have  written.  What  do  we  notice  ?  Can  you 
say  what.^  Yes,  we  see  that  there  is  a  law  in  nature 
that  we  have  not  recognized,  and  that  law  I's,  progress. 
First,  we  find  the  animals  nearly  the  same  as  plants, 
no  locomotion,  no  senses,  no  nerves,  no  lungs,  no 
heart,  no  sensation.     They  were  called  radiates. 


CHAPTER  II. 

Next  we  sec  animals  with  organs  of  sensation,  hearts, 
nerves  and  locomotion.  Mollusca,  then  articulates, 
then  fishes,  still  higher  then  the  reptiles,  then  birds, 
next  mammals,  and  then  Nature's  masterpiece, man,  the 
highest  of  all,  and  caps  the  climax,  the  crowning  act, 
the  last  and  the  most  important,  and  most  perfect  of 


GEOLOGY TERTIARY    PERIOD.  3  I 

all,  with  all  the  important  organs  of  the  others  com- 
bined, and  master  of  all — Man.  You  will  notice  that 
the  animals  of  the  secondary  and  tertiary  periods  are 
many  of  them  extinct ;  so  it  appears  that  the  animals 
did  not  all  live  that  nature  created ;  many  became  ex- 
tinct. No  doubt  more  animals  perished  and  became 
extinct,  than  now  remain  on  the  face  of  the  earth. 
Why  it  is  so  we  cannot  tell,  but  have  a  vague  idea, 
nevertheless.  It  is  a  strange  fact  which  I  desire  you 
to  remember,  it  may  help  you  to  solve  some  difficult 
'problems.  You  may  be  satisfied  that  more  animal 
species  have  become  extinct  than  there  are  now  living 
on  the  earth.  And  though  life  is  teeming  on  this  globe, 
there  was  once  more  living  on  it  than  there  is  at  pres- 
ent. We  desire  the  readers  to  bear  in  mind  that  the 
great  destructives,  the  great  predacians,  that  ever  lived 
became  extinct,  and  all  we  know  of  them  that  they 
left  fossils  in  the  rocks.  That  is  a  record  as  endur- 
ing as  the  Andes  or  Himmalayas.  We  refer  to  the  sau- 
rians.  Do  not  let  that  fact  be  obliterated  from  your 
mind.  It  is  a  hopeful  and  consoling  fact.  The  first 
vegetables  that  nature  gave  us  were  naked  seaweeds, 
without  leaves  or  branches,  and  millions  of  years  passed 
before  exogenous  trees,  such  as  maple,  oak,  beech,  ap- 
peared. Fishes  were  firjt  found  in  the  upper  Silurian 
period  ;  they  were  small  and  inferior  specimens  ;  they 
flourished  in  the  Devonian  period  ;  but*  they  did  not 
arrive  at  their  greatest  perfection  until  the  carbonifer- 
ous period;  that  no  doubt  must  have  been  millions  of 
years.  So  with  the  reptiles,  millions  of  years  rolled 
on  before  the  gigantic  and  carnivorous  ichthyosaurus 
sported  on  the  waves.  The  earliest  mammals  are  from 
the  Triassic,  and  they  at  first  were  small  insect-eating 
animals,  called  Marsupials,  of  the  lowest  order  of  their 
class,  and  very  reptilian  in  character,  and  it  required 
many  millions  of  years  to  glide  away  before  the  earth 
saw  fit  to  give  us  a  horse,  a  cow,  a  sheep,  a  hog,  an 
elephant,  and  several  periods  had  to  pass  before  she 
gave  them  to  the  globe.  It  appears  that  it  has  taken 
millions  of  years  to  bring  animals  to  their  present  state 


32  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

of  perfection,  and  you  will  plainly  see  and  be  satisfied 
that  they  were  not  created  at  once,  in  their  present 
state,  but  grew  into  it  by  degress,  yes,  and  very  slowly. 
Geology  proves  that.  Do  you  know  of  any  thing 
that  was  formed,  made,  or  created  immediately  and  in- 
stantaneously and  perfect  at  once,  at  the  first  trial? 
You  will  not  find  a  single  one.  If  it  took  nature  such 
an  immense  time  to  form  the  fish,  reptiles,  and  mam- 
mal— and  nature  has  never  been  niggard  of  time, 
she  has  an  infinity  of  years  in  her  custody,  and  all  her 
creatures  have  to  say,  We  want  more  time,  and  they* 
can  have  it;  the  lower  orders  required  millions  of 
years  each  ;  do  you  suppose  that  man  will  be  required 
to  take  less  ?  He,  no  doubt,  can  have  a  billion  if  it  is 
necessary,  and  billions  afterwards  to  enjoy  the  perfec- 
tion to  which  man  will  attain.  A  perfect  man  has  not 
yet  been  produced.  A  few  great  men  appear  on  the 
world  in  a  century,  and  then  the  greater  part  of  man- 
kind looks  at  them  with  suspicion.  Knaves  and  fools 
have  a  better  chance  to  rise  in  the  world  than  honest 
men.  What  draws  men  now  is  filthy  lucre.  We  have 
been  on  the  earth  say  200,000  years.  It  took  five 
times  as  long  to  bring  fishes  and  reptiles  and  mammals 
to  perfection,  and  man  has  made  some  progress.  He, 
no  doubt,  has  millions  yet  to  improve.  The  next  100- 
000  will  make  a  great  improvement.  Man  is  only  in 
his  infancy.  There  is  no  telling  but  a  revolution  of 
great  good  will  take  place  soon,  but  some  fools  say  we 
are  going  back  to  barbarism.  Fools  do  not  care  what 
they  say;  they  have  no  reputation  to  lose  ;  they  nev- 
er had  any.  But  the  great  pity  is  that  there  are  a 
great  many  fools  that  will  believe  them,  and  so  it  will 
work  evil.  We  tell  all  individuals,  Reason  for  your- 
selves. The  simpleton  says,  Man  is  a  failure  ;  he,  like 
the  fool,  has  no  credit  to  lose.  It  is  true,  much  is  yet 
to  be  done,  and  man  shall  have  the  time  to  do  it. 
.Shall  he  be  put  off  with  less  time  than  the  reptiles 
you  see.''  The  fool  and  simpleton  know  nothing  at 
all  about  the  matter.  We  tell  you  they  do  not  know 
the  first  letter  of  it.     The  first  thing  of  man  on  earth 


GEOLOGY PROGRESS.  33 

we  find  his  work  ;  so  we  see  his  work  in  the  caves 
mentioned.  They  found  hatchets,  beads,  knives,  poin- 
ards,  bracelets.  By  that  they  knew  that  they  had  been 
there.  They  knew  that  man  only  makes  tools.  The 
first  work  he  does  is  to  provide  for  food,  and  to  get 
that  he  wants  tools.  The  evidence  was  that  some  one 
had  been  making  tools,  but  more  proof  came  when  the 
bones  of  man  were  found.  Those  bones  did  not  show 
by  the  skulls  as  much  intelligence  as  man  of  the  pres- 
ent day.  The  forehead  receded,  and  was  like  the 
present  barbarian  skull,  and  worse.  By  comparing 
the  skulls  of  those  barbarians  with  enlightened  people 
of  this  age,  we  can  plainly  see  progress  in  the  head  of 
man;  that  is,  in  the  form.  And  by  comparing  the 
tools  made  then  and  those  made  now,  we  can  see  the 
same  progress  plainly.  And  by  comparison  and  ex- 
amination, we  find  unmistakable  evidence  that  perfec- 
tion in  every  art  or  science  is  not  attained  but  by  long 
and  continuous  labor. 

It  appears  that  the  earliest  human  beings  lived  in 
caves,  and  no  doubt  lived  mostly  on  flesh  of  animals, 
and  fruits.  He  possessed  from  the  beginning  a  mind 
superior  to  the  animals,  and  there  being  plenty  of 
them,  and  he  making  weapons,  he  could  get  all  the 
game  he  wanted  and  the  bones  in  the  caves  prove  it. 
Millions  of  ages  the  earth  revolved  on  its  axis,  and  cir- 
cled around  the  sun  without  any  life  appearing  on  it. 
After  the  dawn  of  life  the  thing  was  too  small  to  be 
seen,  and  it  is  highly  probable  that  the  greatest  mag- 
nifying power  ever  made  would  not  make  the  first  life 
visible  to  the  eye  of  man ;  and  after  millions  of  years 
had  rolled  around  an  animal  firm  and  large  enough  to 
be  fossilized,  thousands  of  millions  existed,  and  were  too 
soft  to  become  fossils.  The  world  kept  improving, 
and  gave  us  what  we  have  noticed,  until  we  have  man. 
He  will  be  our  theme  and  study ;  he  will  have  much  of 
our  attention.  We  shall  notice  all  that  we  can  of  his 
excellencies,  and  not  at  all  hide  his  deficiencies.  We 
shall  notice  his  animal  propensities,  his  vices,  and  be 
gratified    to    record    his    virtues  and  goodness.     We 


34  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

shall  endeavor  to  tell  the  truth,  it  matters  not  who 
likes  or  who  dislikes  it;  we  shall  not  be  swerved  from 
that  path  in  the  least  if  we  know  it,  and  we  shall  take 
pains  to  find  out  the  facts.     We  have  no  ax  to  grind; 
all  we  wish  is  to  benefit  the  people,  and  our  principal 
object  in  writing  this  plain  treatise  is  to  benefit  the 
race,  and  if  we  fail  to  do  that  we  cannot  help  it,  we 
will  do  the  best  we  can  for  the  workingman.     Man's 
implements  and  bones  were  first  found  in  caves,  min- 
gled with  the  bones  of  animals.     He  no  doubt  had  kill- 
ed and  eaten  part   of  them,  and  animals  had  lived  in 
those  caves  at  some  time  before  man  did.     Man  was 
but  one  remove  above  the  animals  then,  and  he  is  in- 
debted  to  his   hand  for  most  that  he  has  done  in  the 
world ;  the  hand  helped  him  out.     But  says  the  Smart 
Aleck,  the  monkeys  have  a  hand  and  what  can  they  do  ? 
Man  could  do  but  little  without  the  hand,  all  will  ad- 
mit, but  man  has  some  other  aids.     He  has  the  gift 
of  speech  ;  a  great  assistance  that  is  to  him.     Then  he 
has  a  large  brain,  evidence  of  intelligence  and  perfect 
nervous  system,  which  make  him  preeminent  over  all 
animated    creation.     Some  must  be  better  than   the 
rest,  some  slow,  some  quick  in  intelligence,  some  dull, 
some  acute.     Man  is  the  highest  in  many   ways,  but 
all  this  does  not  alter  the  fact  that  he,  at  the  beginning, 
was  but  Httle  above  the  brutes  when  found  in  the  caves, 
and  that  is  the  first  we  know  of  him;  but  with  the  ad- 
vantages we  have  mentioned  he  could  and  did  easily 
make  his  way  to  the  head  of  the  predacians.      We  say 
predacians,  for  it  was  a  formidable  animal  compared 
with  those  previously  on  the  earth,  and  no  doubt  he 
did  kill,  slay  and  eat,  and  feasted  on  the  animals  then 
in   his  reach  ;  and  animal  he  was  and  is  still,  and  he  is 
but   in   his  infancy.      Think  of  the  infernal   aristocrat, 
wliat  a  havoc  he  has  made  among  his  own  species;  a 
worse  brute  never  was  and  never  will  be  !    He  had  the 
k II iff,  true,  of  sionc,  but  it  was  a  help  to  him.     The  sau- 
rians  of  old  had  no  such  advantages  as  the  newcomer 
on   the  earth,  and  he  soon  made  room  for  himself,  and 
with    his  aids  he  soon  was  too  much  for  the  brutes  and 


PROGRESS. 


35 


he  subjugated  them.  Aristocracy  went  to  kiUing  off 
human  beings,  instead  of  making  improvements  and 
killing  the  wild  beasts  of  the  forest,  he  went  to  kill- 
ing man.  The  infernal  brute  has  been  an  immense  in- 
jury to  the  human  race,  and  it  is  high  time  that  he 
becomes  extinct.  We  should  now  like  a  photograph 
of  one  of  those  early  cave  men.  In  physical  powers 
the  man  and  the  brute  are  not  much  different.  In 
affection  there  is  not  much  difference,  in  intelli- 
gence man  is  a  vast  stride  ahead  of  the  animals  ;  but 
animals  have  more  of  the  intellectual  faculties  than 
generally  admitted ;  but  animals  have  but  little  morals, 
and  in  man  we  are  very  sorry  to  say  they  are  in  their 
infancy.  Aristocracy  hare  but  little  more  morals  than 
the  dogs.  They  will  do  anything  that  will  bring  them 
filthy  lucre ;  they  do  not  care  what  they  do  or  say,  if  it 
does  not  put  them  in  jeopardy  of  the  law.  Gibbon, 
speaking  of  the  men,  said :  "  So  many  men  without 
souls."  The  great  happiness  in  the  future  is  to  be 
acquired  through  the  faculty  of  Morality.  Aristoc- 
racy will  then  be  extinct,  and  the  sooner  the  better 
for  the  race. 

We  shall  first  compare  ideally  the  first  work  of  man 
of  the  caves  and  man  at  present.  The  article  we  shall 
take  is  one  we  presume  the  cave  men  first  made.  That 
was  no  doubt  a  knife.  He  had  use  for  it  first.  It  was 
made  of  flint,  and  no  doubt  it  did  him  great  service. 
But  do  you  suppose  that  it  would  compare  with  the 
finest  knives  made  today  ?  Think  of  it,  in  your  own 
mind.  A  great  progress  has  been  made  in  that  imple- 
ment, and  those  utensils,  it  is  highly  probable,  can  be 
seen  today  in  the  museums  of  some  of  the  European 
countries.  Valuable  relics  they  are,  and  worthy  to  be 
preserved.  And  next  the  hatchet.  The  same  improv- 
ment,  no  doubt,  would  be  noticed  in  comparing  it  with 
the  finest  made  today.  This  is  no  fancy  sketch;  the  tools, 
nodoubt,can  be  seen  today,  andyou  can  have  the  satisfac- 
tion of  comparing  them  if  you  desire.  Next  in  suppo- 
sition will  come  the  arrow-head  and  the  bow.  That 
was  an  important  aid  in  the  chase  and  in  war,  and  the 


36  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

cave  men  made  them,  and  that  is  a  destructive  weapon 
in  the  hands  of  an  expert.  In  Homer  we  read  of  the 
bow  of  Ulysses,  and  no  one  could  bend  his  bow  but 
himself.  And  we  also  read  of  an  African  who  gave 
some  deputies  a  bow  that  they  could  not  spring.  The 
Indians  will  send  an  arrow  through  a  man  at  times. 
Millions  have  been  killed  by  the  barbarous  aristocracy. 
They  always  delighted  in  blood  and  carnage,  and  the 
most  of  their  business  has  been  war  and  destruction  ; 
they  were  not  contented  unless  they  had  a  war  on 
their  hands;  they  always  were  in  for  plunder.  Our 
history  proves  that.  If  you  do  not  remember,  read  it 
over  again,  so  as  to  be  conversant  with  the  infernal 
work  of  the  blood-thirsty  aristocracy.  It  was  a  great 
instrument  in  primeval  days.  It  was  the  instrument 
used  in  hunting.  No  cave  man  would  go  on  a  hunt 
without  his  bow  and  quiver.  But  examine  the  Win- 
chester repeater,  and  notice  the  progress.  "  We  do  not 
believe  in  progress,"  the  old  fogy  says.  I  am  a  conserv- 
ative. He  has  no  eyes,  no  sense.  He  who  runs  can 
see  that  we  are  making  progress.  Fools  are  not  all 
dead  yet.  The  fact  is  plainly  apparent  that  they  have 
too  much  influence  in  the  world  of  politics  in  society. 
We  are  ruled  by  knaves  and  fools ;  they  rule  in  relig- 
ion, in  science,  in  morals,  too  much.  Do  not  listen  to 
them ;  they  will  lead  you  to  ruin  and  destruction.  It 
must  be  a  great  fool  who  is  ruled  by  a  fool.  They  use 
you  to  turn  for  their  ax.  Suppose  we  mark  the  pro- 
gress in  reaping  grain  by  machinery,  or  gathering  and 
harvesting  grain.  First,  it  was  pulled  up  by  the  roots 
by  hand  ;  next,  cut  with  a  knife  ;  next,  cut  with  a  sick- 
le, then  with  a  scythe  ;  next,  with  a  cradle,  then  a  mow- 
er; next  a  reaper,  then  a  header;  now  a  combined 
reaper  and  thrasher.  The  last  is  a  new  machine,  on 
which  many  years'  experimenting  has  been  done.  It 
is  nearly  satisfactory,  and  will,  as  soon  as  the  farmers 
can  afford  to  get  them,  come  into  general  use.  This  is 
an  ideal  progress,  but  no  doubt  nearly  correct.  At  any 
rate,  progress  was  made,  and  by  degrees.  Reader, 
you  must  think  for  yourself.     Your  mind  is  given  to 


PROGRESS.  37 

you  for  use,  and  by  use  you  will  strengthen  it ;  and  it 
is  certain  that  exercising  an  organ  improves  it,  and  if 
you  do  not  think  for  yourself,  you  will  be  a  nobody. 
There  is  progress  in  all  things.  But,  says  the  fool 
pessimist,  we  are  going  back  to  barbarism.  Not  long 
a  buzzard  said  so,  and  he  knew  nothing.  How  silly 
it  is  to  say  what  some  fool  says  !  He  who  does  that  is 
an  egregious  fool,  and  if  you  say  something  his  file- 
leader  has  not  told  him  he  will  laugh  at  you  ;  and  to 
him  all  is  folly  but  what  his  big  man  says.  We  should 
have  respect  for  what  we  say,  and  be  careful  that  we 
weigh  well  the  thoughts  before  we  give  them  circula- 
tion by  utterance;  and  we  all  must  know  that  if  we 
have  no  knowledge  of  a  subject,  our  opinion  on  that 
matter  is  not  worth  a  thought,  is  of  no  worth,  and  so 
we  only  expose  our  ignorance.  Next,  let  us  take  stoves 
into  examination.  They  have  come  into  use  in  this 
century.  The  first  we  saw  was  the  Franklin  stove, 
discovered  by  Franklin,  and  many  think  well  of  it. 
Franklin  was  proud  of  it,  and  I  think  he  had  reason  to 
be.  Next  was  a  six-plated  baking  stove,  and  no  place 
for  cooking.  Then  next,  one  place  for  a  kettle.  Some 
of  you  remember  these  stoves.  Then  came  the  cook- 
ing and  baking  stove.  That  was  the  great  improve- 
ment, but  a  great  progress  has  been  made  in  them. 
Think  in  your  mind  back  ten  or  fifteen  years  only.. 
Now  they  are  beautiful — not  only  that,  but  nearly  per- 
fection ;  they  are  superb  and  highly  useful,  and  we  are 
exporting  them  to  many  countries.  Notice  this.  And 
still  the  duty  is  thirty  dollars  a  ton..  Bear  it  in  mind. 
The  infernals  export  them,  and  yet  they  have  a  duty 
of  thirty  dollars  a  ton  on  them.  That  is  so  they  can 
make  the  poor  working  man  pay  the  thirty  dollars  a 
a  ton  extra.  This  is  the  way  the  poor  are  robbed  by 
the  rich  manufacturer. 

Suppose  we  turn  our  attention  for  a  few  minutes  of 
our  time  to  steam  navigation.  Fulton  was  that  steam 
navigator  first  successful.  He  made  a  success  of  it. 
John  Fitch  had  worked  at  it  for  some  time,  but  he 
could  not  make  it  work.     Poor  Fitch !  he  had  enthu- 


38  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

siasm  enough,  but  the  necessary  parts  did  not  appear 
to  his  mind  ;  and  there  is  some  luck  in  these  inventions, 
some  happy  turn  of  mind,  and  in  a  second  the  main 
point  is  seen.  Fitch's  efforts  were  abortive.  There 
were  thousands  of  old  hunkers  that  had  predicted  a 
failure,  and  they  went  to  see  the  trial  trip,  sure  to  see 
an  abortion.  Strange  affair  in  business,  that  a  person 
should  wish  to  see  an  important  invention  a  failure. 
So  it  is  with  aristocracy.  They  are  conservatives. 
They  desire  to  have  the  people  stand  still,  no  improve- 
ment, that  progress  will  take  their  ruling  the  country 
out  of  their  hands,  as  they  cannot  fool  the  people  any 
longer.  But  the  old  fogies  saw  the  boat  move  off,  and, 
no  doubt,  they  were  sorry.  He  who  condemns  a  thing 
when  he  knows  nothing  about  it,  is  naturally  opposed 
to  progress;  that  can  plainly  be  seen.  He  should  say 
nothing  ;  but  he  shows  his  desire  to  see  it  a  failure. 
He  is  a  destructive;  so  the  fanatic  and  aristocrat  says. 
We  are  going  back  to  barbarism.  He  wants  it  so,  or 
he  would  not  say  as  he  does.  He  desires  the  injury 
of  the  race.  He  who  always  predicts  calamities  is  a 
bad  character.  It  is  in  his  organization,  and  it  must 
come  out.  The  steamboat  sailed,  and  the  hunkers 
sneaked  to  their  holes  like  badgers.  Next,  the  ocean 
was  crossed  by  steam,  and  now  we  think  it  is  progress, 
and  we  will  have  more  of  it  in  spite  of  the  malcontents, 
and  fanatics,  and  drones,  and  aristocracy  and  despots. 
Next  we  will  examine  tools,  generally,  made  years  ago 
with  these  made  now.  Suppose  we  take  the  farmer's 
tools.  The  first  plow  we  can  think  of,  the  mold-board 
was  made  of  wood,  the  share  was  wrought  iron,  and 
rough,  but  it  did  tolerable  work.  Then  we  had  the 
cast  iron  mold-board,  and  cast  iron  share,  not  as  fine 
as  now.  Now  we  have  the  sulky  plow,  fine  and  splen- 
didly finished,  beautiful.  So  with  wagons,  the  old  ones 
are  not  to  be  compared  with  these:  wagons  with 
wheels  sawed  off  a  largo  log,  that  was  the  first  wagon. 
The  forks  and  shovels,  the  spades,  the  table  cutlery, 
all  household  furniture,  and  machinery  to  manufacture 
cotton,  which  old  fogies  could  not  do  :  and  go  in  a  cot- 


PROGRESS.  39 

ton  or  a  woolen  factory,  it  is  worth  going  a  hundred 
miles  to  see  it  at  work,  it  is  truly  wonderful,  and  any 
person  can  see  that  we  are  progressing,  except  a  fanatic, 
he  cannot  see  anything  but  what  the  lying  aristocrats 
tell  him,  and  he  thinks  that  is  certain.  But  the  cheat- 
ins:  aristocrat  has  to  be  laid  on  the  shelf;  he  never  will 
reform.  Death  will  take  him,  ticketed  hunker.  We 
remember  seeing  paper  made  in  olden  times.  The 
pulp  was  in  a  vat  nearly  full.  A  man  took  a  fine  sieve 
and  dipped  it  a  certain  depth  in  the  pulp,  and  handed 
it  to  another  man.  He  turned  it  over  on  a  piece  of 
felt,  and  the  pulp  on  the  sieve  stuck  to  the  felt;  so  the 
operation  was  continued,  until  they  had  as  many 
pieces  as  they  wanted ;  then  it  was  pressed  and  soon 
the  paper  could  be  taken  off  and  dried.  Paper  made 
in  that  manner  cost  much.  Now  the  paper  is  made  in 
a  continuous  sheet,  and  runs  over  large  copper  rollers 
kept  hot  by  steam,  which  dries  the  paper.  Some,  then, 
is  kept  on  a  roller,  as  some  presses  print  it  off  the 
roller,  and  most  of  it  is  cut  into  sheets  by  machinery. 
So,  from  the  time  the  pulp  is  taken  up,  in  a  minute  or 
such  time  it  is  paper  dried ;  and  so  we  see  progress  in 
the  land  ;  but  we  shall  have  much  of  this.  Krupp,  the 
greatest  gun  manufacturer  in  the  world,  keeps  twenty 
thousand  laborers.  His  factory  is  at  Essen  and  at 
Bochuin.  He  also  has  three  coal  mines.  He  has 
nearly  six  hundred  iron  mines  in  Germany  and  Spain. 
The  blast  furnace.  The  range  to  try  the  guns  is  sev- 
enteen kilometers  in  length.  He  has  several  steamers 
for  transportation  of  the  products ;  eleven  blast  fur- 
naces. At  work  at  eleven  other  furnaces  are  over  five 
hundred  ;  and  he  has  four  hundred  and  thirty-nine 
steam  boilers,  over  eighty  steam  hammers,  four  hun- 
dred and  fifty  steam  engines,  of  nearly  two  hundred 
thousand  horse  power  in  all.  He  is  now  making  a 
gun  of  one  hundred  and  thirty  tons.  What  do  you 
think  ?  Does  that  look  like  progress  ?  And  yet  fa- 
natics say  that  we  are  not  progressing.  But  nothing  is 
too  absurd  for  some  miscreants  to  say ;  having  no  soul 
they  have  no  respect  for  what  they  do  or  utter.     We 


40  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

say  the  world  is  moving  onward  and  upward  ;  and  he 
is  a  bhnd  dunce  who  cannot  see  the  progress,  and  has 
the  hardihood  to  deny  that  we  are  wiser  and  better  as 
life  wears  away,  and  that  we  are  ahead  of  the  cave  men 
of  one  hundred  thousand  years  ago.  But  says  the 
blind  bigot,  man  is  a  failure.  He  can  not  give  an  ex- 
ample of  permenent  retrogression.  The  fanatic  will, 
no  doubt,  say  that  he  has  not  said  that  we  are  going 
back  to  barbarism.  But  this  the  venal  scamps  are 
teaching  traditionally,  and  we  have  heard  many  of  the 
tartarean  imps  say,  as  their  vile  leaders  have  taught 
them  traditionally.  We  have  heard  too  much  talk 
like  this,  There  is  no  honest  man  ;  and  many  say  that 
we  are  going  to  barbarism. 

We  have  not  adverted  to  the  mode  of  separating 
the  wheat  from  the  chaff.  It  at  present  is  done  by 
machinery,  but  when  it  was  first  grown  they  had  no  ma- 
chinery, and  they  had  no  way  provided  to  separate  the 
wheat  from  the  chaff.  The  first  idea  would  be  to  pitch 
it  against  the  wind  with  a  shovel;  that  was  slow,  but 
many  thousand  bushels  have  been  separated  in  that 
way.  But  that  was  uncertain,  as  the  wind  does  not  al- 
ways blow  when  we  want  it  to.  The  next  would  be  to 
toss  it  up  and  catch  it  again  in  a  shovel ;  that  was  a  re- 
source when  there  was  no  wind.  Next  was  nearly  the 
same,  but  on  a  larger  scale.  An  instrument  was  made 
called  a  fan,  was  shaped  like  a  dusting  pan.  The  fan 
was  made  of  splints  like  a  basket,  was  about  three  feet 
long,  and  two  wide,  with  a  handle  on  each  side  ;  one 
side  was  six  or  eight  inches  high,  and  the  other  was 
level ;  in  fact,  it  was  like  a  dusting  pan.  A  man  would 
take  as  much  as  he  could  easily  handle  in  the  pan,  and 
hold  it  by  the  handles  with  the  high  side  against  his 
body.  ]jy  handling  it  to  and  fro  and  tossing  the  grain 
up  and  catching  it,  a  man  would  clean  considerable 
grain  in  a  day.  It  took  practice  to  do  much,  but  those 
who  had  to  depend  on  that  mode  of  doing  their  sep- 
arating became  expert  at  it ;  many  bushels  of  grain 
have  been  cleaned  in  that  manner.  We  know  but 
little  about    the  trouble  and  disadvantages  our  fore- 


PROGRESS.  41 

fathers  had  to  labor  under.  We  have  seen  the  instru- 
ment. Then  came  the  fanning  mill.  It  was  a  great 
improvement,  and  much  improvement  has  been  made 
on  them  since — that  was  progress.  Man  is  a  progres- 
sive being,  and  is  not  satisfied  with  the  present  condi- 
tion of  matters.  If  he  was  satisfied  with  the  present 
situation  and  surroundings,  he  would  make  no  pro- 
gress. Man  is  but  a  part  of  nature,  and  he  is  like 
nature  ;  he  is  nature  ;  she  formed  him,  and  nature 
works  continually  in  him,  and  he  has  to  work  accord- 
ing to  the  laws  of  nature,  and  the  more  he  knows  of 
nature's  laws  the  better  for  him.  We  must  work  in 
accordance  with  nature.  In  machinery  every  part  has 
to  be  made  to  work  in  perfect  accord  with  nature,  or 
it  will  be  a  failure.  We  know  a  fool  is  always  trying 
to  invent,  and  he  is  ignorant  of  nature's  laws;  so  he 
continually  fails.  This  trait  of  character,  looking  for 
better  things,  does  work  in  accord  and  harmony  with 
progress ;  so  we  all  the  time  are  using  efforts  to  pro- 
gress, or  most  persons  are.  But,  says  the  fanatic,  he 
does  evil.  Sometimes  he  does — and  often  he  does 
good ;  the  good  is  in  excess  of  the  evil,  and  progress 
is  made.  He  should  have  the  credit  for  the  good  he 
is  doing.  A  workingman  cannot  make  anything  by 
being  dishonest  ;  so  honesty  is  the  best  policy  for  the 
laboring  man  directly,  and  in  the'  end  for  every  one. 
But  the  black  aristocratic  scamp  will  be  the  last  to  be 
honest.  We  do  not  think  he  will;  before  he  gets  to 
be  honest  he  will  become  extinct.  He  has  practiced 
iniquity  so  long  that  it  is  bred  in  the  bone,  and  he 
says  no  man  is  honest.  We  have  heard  that  till  we 
are  sick  of  it.  We  say  that  he  lies.  There  are  honest 
men  in  the  world — yes,  many,  or  it  would  sink  to  ruin. 
Let  us  have  some  recreation  in  a  true  story  and  a 
moral  episode.  In  this  year  a  ship  sailed  from  Liver- 
pool for  Halifax;  after  being  out  of  port  a  day  or  two 
the  crew  found  a  small  boy  stowed  away  below  in  the 
bottom  of  the  ship ;  he  was  brought  up  on  deck  to 
the  mate  ;  he  asked  him  how  he  came  there.  He  said, 
his  father-in-law  put  him  there ;  that  he  told  him  he 


42  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

was  poor,  and  could  not  take  care  of  him  ;  that  he  must 
go  to  his  aunt  at  Halifax;  she  would  take  care  of  him. 
They  did  not  believe  him  ;  they  asked  one  after  the 
other  how  he  got  there,  but  he  told  the  same  story. 
The  captain  concluded  that  he  would  frighten  him 
into  telling  the  truth.  So  the  captain  told  him  in  ten 
minutes  he  would  hang  him,  if  he  did  not  tell  the 
truth,  and  left  him  ;  after  six  minutes  the  captain  came 
around.  The  boy  asked  the  captain  if  he  might  pray; 
the  captain  said  yes.  The  little  fellow  then  repeated 
the  Lord's  Prayer.  The  captain  then  took  the  boy  in  his 
arms,  and  told  him  that  now  he  believed  him,  every  word 
he  said ;  and  from  that  time  the  little  cherub  was  the  pet 
and  favorite  of  the  whole  crew.  Heaven  protect  him ; 
may  he  live  forever.  You  all  think  that  the  boy  was 
honest;  he  would  not  tell  a  lie  for  his  life.  But  the 
black  aristocrat  will  say  he  does  not  believe  that  story. 
That  is  perfectly  natural,  for  him  not  to  believe  it. 
We  think  that  a  good  black  aristocrat  cannot  believe 
that;  it  is  not  in  his  organization;  such  pure  princi- 
ples are  not  in  his  composition,  and  how  could  he  be- 
lieve anything  entirely  foreign  to  his  nature.  You 
cannot  draw  wine  from  a  pure  spring  of  water  ;  you 
cannot  get  pure  water  from  a  sulphur  spring;  you 
cannot  get  any  good  thing  from  a  vicious,  and  de- 
praved, and  abandoned  scamp.  How  could  it  come 
out  of  him  when  no  such  a  principle  was  in  him.^* 
When  he  tells  you  all  men  are  dishonest,  then  he  says 
what  he  thinks ;  that  is  in  him  ;  he  is  infamous,  and 
degraded,  and  abandoned ;  that  was  his  nature,  and 
he  told  what  he  believed,  and  he  would  say  nothing 
different  unless  he  told  a  lie  ;  what  was  in  him  came 
out. 

ENGLAND  IN    I  685. 

Many  thousand  of  square  miles  that  are  now  cover- 
ed with  corn,  and  meadows,  and  green  hedges,  dotted 
with  villages  and  country-seats,  was  then  (1685)  moors 
and  fens,  abandoned  to  wild  ducks.  We  should  see 
straggling  huts  of  wood  covered  with  thatch,  where  we 
now  see  manufacturing  towns  and  seaports  renowned 


ENGLAND    IN     1685.  43 

to  the  farthest  ends  of  the  world.  Not  less  strange 
to  us  would  appear  the  garb,  dress,  and  manners  of  the 
people,  the  furniture  and  the  equipages,  the  interior  of 
the  shops  and  dwellings.  In  truth,  a  large  part  of  the 
country  beyond  Trent  was  down  to  i  700  in  a  state  of 
barbarism.  There  was  a  large  class  of  moss  tropers, 
whose  calling  was  to  plunder  dwellings,  and  to  drive 
away  whole  herds  of  cattle.  The  authorities  had  to 
raise  bands  of  armed  men  to  protect  property,  and  to 
preserve  order.  The  parishes  were  required  to  keep 
bloodhounds  for  the  purpose  of  hunting  freebooters. 
Yet  some  of  the  robbers  escaped,  and  many  secret 
paths  and  places  the  robbers  had.  The  seats  of  the 
gentry  and  the  large  farm-houses  were  fortified.  The 
armed  men  slept  with  arms  in  their  hands.  No  trav- 
eler ventured  in  the  country  without  making  his  will. 
The  single  bed  of  a  poor  family  had  sometimes  been 
carried  away  and  sold  for  taxes.  The  revenue  was 
^7,000,000,  and  yet  under  Charles  II.,  he  was  allow- 
ed to  expend  the  whole  of  it  as  he  saw  fit.  So  the 
profits  of  the  post  office  were  given  to  the  Duke  of 
York.  The  arm  we  call  bayonet,  then  was  fixed  in  the 
muzzle  of  the  musket :  progress  in  everything  great 
and  small.  The  army  then  was  less  than  nine  thous- 
and. The  daily  pay  in  the  light  guards  was  four  shil- 
lings, in  the  blues  two  shillings  and  six  pence,  and  in 
the  line  eight  pence.  Pepys  informed  the  king  that 
the  navy  was  a  prodigy  of  wastefulness,  corruption, 
ignorance,  and  indolence.  One  captain  obeyed  orders, 
and  missed  the  making  of  ten  thousand  dollars  on  a 
cargo ;  was  told  by  the  king  that  he  was  a  fool  for  his 
pains  in  obeying.  That  shows  the  depravity  of  the 
times,  and  the  sea  captain  knew  it  might  be,  said  no- 
thing. Some  old  sailor  called  "  master "  would  take 
charge  of  the  ship.  The  captain  dressed  as  for  a  gala 
at  Versailles,  ate  off  plate  of  silver  or  gold,  drank  the 
richest  wines,  and  kept  women  on  board,  while  hunger 
and  scurvy  raged  among  the  crews,  and  while  corpses 
were  daily  flung  out  of  the  port-holes.  And  they  were 
called  gentlemen  captains.      But  there  were  a  few  dif- 


44  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

ferent  characters,  the}^  were  the  dawn  of  Hght  and  pro- 
gress in  the  future,  and  the  seed  yielded  one  hundred 
fold.  The  population  then  was  five  and  a  half  million 
of  inhabitants.  The  military  non-effective,  the  charge 
of  military  and  navy  was  ten  thousand  pounds  a  year ; 
now,  it  is  ten  thousand  pounds  a  day.  Notice  the  dif- 
ference; nothing  but  robbing  and  stealing  from  the 
people.  The  greatest  estates  in  the  kingdom,  then  ex- 
ceeded very  little  twenty  thousand  pounds  a  year. 
The  Duke  of  Orraond  had  twenty-two  thousand  a  year. 
The  Duke  of  Buckingham,  before  his  extravagance, 
had  nineteen  thousand  six  hundred  a  year.  Official 
places  were  sold  publicly!  Titles,  places,  commissions, 
pardons  were  daily  sold  in  the  market  by  the  great 
dignitaries  of  the  realm.  So  you  can  find  that  the  in- 
ternal aristocracy  plays  corruptions  everywhere  the 
same.  We  have  amply  proved  what  we  set  out  to  do, 
that  always  aristocracy  has  been  a  lying,  cheating, 
swindling,  false-swearing,  vile,  and  unworthy,  robbing, 
plundering  treacherous  scamps;  no  crime  can  be  nam- 
ed that  they  have  not  been  guilty  of.  And  why  will 
the  workingman  let  the  villians  rule  the  country  .?  They 
do  nothing  but  rob  and  steal ;  they  do  not  work,  yet 
Solomon  in  all  his  glory  was  not  as  rich  as  some  of 
them.  Gripus  and  his  wife  were  far  below  them  in 
wealth.  The  rent  of  land  is  now  about  four  times  as 
high  as  in  1685.  The  clergy  on  the  whole  are  regard- 
ed as  a  plebian,  class,  nine  out  of  ten  were  but  mere 
menial  servants.  Down  to  the  middle  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  the  Eighth  no  line  of  life  bore  so  inviting  an  as- 
pect to  ambitious  and  covetous  natures,  as  the  priest- 
hood. I>ut  a  revolution  came,  that  deprived  the  priest- 
hood of  the  greatest  part  of  their  wealth,  and  very  ma- 
terially lessened  their  political  power,  and  now  they 
are  a  third  rate  power.  The  princely  splendor  of 
William  Wikcham,and  of  William  of  Waynfiete  hasdis- 
a]:)peared.  A  waiting-maid  was  generally  considered 
as  the  most  suitable  help-mate  for  a  parson.  It  ap- 
pears Macaulay  does  not  give  the  priesthood  an  ex- 
alted recommendation.     The  family  of  Howard  fre- 


INFAMY    OB^    ARISTOCRACY.  45 

quently  resided  in  a  mansion  near  Norwich  ;  they  dis- 
pensed the  finest  wines  in  cups  of  pure  gold,  and  the 
tons^s  and  shovel  were  of  silver.  The  wealth  of  the 
world  is  very  unequally  distributed ;  some  have  more 
than  they  need,  and  the  poet  says  they  are  robbers  of 
their  brothers'  rights;  and  others  live  in  wretchedness, 
and  misery,  and  want.  Money  is  so  abundant  now, 
that  thousands  have  more  than  they  can  use,  and  do 
not  know  how  to  invest  it,  and  poverty  is  continually 
increasing;  those  who  have  plenty  will  not  assist  those 
in  ordinary  circumstances. 


CHAPTER    III. 

Infamy  of  Aristocracy, 

A  good  definition  of  aristocracy,  and  we  think  the 
best,  and  the  one  we  shall  use,  is  :  •A  government  in 
the  hands  of  a  few  persons.  These  persons  may  be 
popular,  or  unpopular;  they  may  be  intelligent,  or  ig- 
norant; they  may  be  wise,  or  foolish  ;  they  may  be  ty- 
rants, or  may  be  lenient  and  merciful.  Still,  if  a  few 
rule,  it  is  an  aristocracy,  and  as  the  instincts  always 
have  been  of  man,  and  at  present,  an  aristocracy  will 
rule  for  their  own  benefit;  they  will  run  the  govern- 
ment for  their  own  interests.  This  is  our  experience,  and 
we  state  it  positively,  as  a  rule  that  will  not  vary  more 
or  less.  And  we  desire  you  to  make  up  your  minds,  to 
satisfy  yourself  on  this  point,  as  it  is  necessary  to  know. 
If  this  is  not  a  fact,  then  we  do  not  need  a  representa- 
tive form  of  government,  and  we  having  a  representa- 
tive form  of  government  is  because  it  is  a  fact.  Gov- 
ernment has  always,  in  different  forms,  but  unlike  late 
years,  has  nearly  always  been  aristocratic.  As  the 
aristocrats  have  always  opposed  a  liberal  form,  and  al- 
ways said  that  a  liberal  form  would  not  stand,  and  as 
any  fool  knows  it  is  natural  for  the  aristocrat  to  say 
so  ;  we  advise  all  persons  who  love  liberty  and  their 
rights  of  property,  not  to  believe  a  word  that  class  of 
plunderers  and  swindlers  say.      We  shall  give  a  care- 


46  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

fill  exposition  of  tlie  iniquitous  and  bloody  work  these 
vain  pretenders  to  honor  and  wisdom  have  performed 
on  the  earth.  All  the  world  in  ancient  times  was  gov- 
erned by  them,  so  you  can  see  that  all  that  was  trans- 
acted was  done  bv  them,  and  as  thev  were  the  rulers, 
they  must  be  responsible  for  the  bad,  and  have  credit 
for  the  good.  But  we  can  tell  you  in  advance,  that  it 
is  a  rare  thing  that  they  have  done  any  good.  It  has 
been  plunder,  robbery,  swindling,  stealing,  murdering, 
assassinating,  cheating,  deceiving,  warring,  and  all  man- 
ner of  wickedness  that  Asmodeus  ever  has  invented. 
We  shall  give  facts  from  history  enough  to  convince 
any  man  of  sense  and  honor  that  these  aristocrats  will 
not  do  to  be  trusted  in  official  stations  ;  that  their 
creed  is  that  every  thing  belongs  to  the  few;  that  the 
mass  of  the  people  are  only  fit  to  drudge  and  toil,  and 
that  they,  the  aristocrats,  are  the  lords  of  the  earth,  and 
should  own  all  the  land,  and  the  masses  should  be  hew- 
ers of  wood  and  drawers  of  water  for  them.  We  will 
prove  by  history  that  they  have  been  guilty  of  every 
act  of  nefariousness  in  the  annals  of  crime.  We  will 
notice  the  great  pyramid  of  Egypt.  It  was  660  feet 
square,  4662  feet  high,  the  solid  contents  was  313.590 
cubical  fathoms.  It  cost  for  garlic  while  building  it, 
$888,888.  A  hundred  thousand  men  were  constantly 
employed  on  it  for  twenty  years,  and  they  were  relieved 
every  three  months  by  the  same  number.  But  what 
were  these  pyramids  built  for.?  A  monument,  and  the 
tomb  was  inside,  but  the  heroes  were  not  allowed  to 
bury,  or  rather  deposit  their  dead.  They  were  buried 
in  some  secret  place,  to  prevent  the  people  from  de- 
stroying the  dead  bodies.  Why  was  that  ?  The  tasks 
on  the  people  had  been  inhuman,  and  cruel,  and  un- 
heard of,  and  the  people  were  enraged  to  the  highest 
degree  ?  Here  you  have  an  instance  of  plundering 
the  peo])]e  of  their  labor,  all  to  gratify  the  pride  of  a 
few  aristocrats.  What  a  stuj^endous  sum  of  money  it 
would  have  cost,  if  the  labor  had  been  paid.  But  they 
did  not  pay  labor  at  that  early  day.  It  took  ten  years 
to  get  out   the  stones  for  the  i)yramid.      If  they  had 


INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  47 

paid  for  the  work  at  a  fair  price,  it  would  have  cost  in 
the  billions  of  dollars.  This  is  only  the  beginning  of 
the  cruelty,  plunder,  and  stealing  that  has  been  in- 
flicted on  the  laboring  man.  It  is  a  wonder  that  he 
stood  it,  but  we  will  tell  you  why  before  we  get  through. 
Be  patient.  The  pyramid  is  no  myth,  it  is  still  stand- 
ing. One  who  don't  believe  it  can  see  for  himself.  It 
stands  not  far  from  Memphis,  in  Egypt.  Other  pyra- 
mids were  built.  Nebuchadnezzar  again  sat  down 
before  Jerusalem,  took  and  burned  it.  Notice  the 
manner  of  serving  the  people  of  a  country.  This  was 
about  600  years  before  the  Christian  era.  This  we 
charge  to  the  aristocracy.  What  a  flagrant  crime, 
to  take  a  city  and  burn  it.  This  was  a  common  crime 
for  aristocracy  to  commit  in  primeval  days.  Camby- 
ses,  after  gaining  a  battle,  followed  the  enemy  to  Mem- 
phis. We  shall  see  that  the  principle  of  the  aristocracy 
was  war,  always  delighting  in  shedding  blood.  But  a 
change  has  come  over  them,  we  will  see  after  a  long 
time. 

Of  Egypt*,  at  present,  we  shall  say  but  little.  She 
built  pyramids,  labyrinths,  and  obelisks.  One  of  the 
latter  was  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  high.  These  ob- 
elisks cost  an  immense  labor,  as  they  were  cut  out  of 
solid  rock  in  one  piece.  Think  of  a  stone  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  feet  long,  and  twelve  feet  in  diameter. 
Some  now  can  be  seen  in  the  quarries  half-finished. 
The  religion  of  the  Carthagenians :  They  had  two 
deities  which  they  principally  worshipped.  The  first 
was  a  goddess  named  Coelestis,  also  called  Urania;  as 
this  deity  was  a  goddess,  particular  devotion  was  paid 
to  it  by  the  Jewish  women.  The  second  deity,  much 
adored  by  the  Carthagenians,  was  named  Saturn,  some- 
times called  Moloch.  The  kings  of  Tyre,  in  impera- 
tive and  dangerous  times,  sacrificed  their  sons  to  pac- 
ify the  anger  of  their  God.  To  this  was  owing  the 
fable  of  Saturn  devouring  his  own  children.  Private 
persons  also  sacrificed  their  children  to  their  god  Sat- 
urn, and  in  some  cases  where  they  had  no  children, 
they  bought  them  of  the  poor,  and  offered  them  up  to 


48  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

their  god  as  a  sacrifice.  This  was  a  custom  that  for  a 
long  time  was  prevaiHng  among  the  Phcenicians,  Ca- 
naanites  from  whom  the  Israelites  borrowed  it,  though 
forbidden  expressly  by  heaven.  The  Israelites,  in 
some  instances,  in  scripture,  made  similar  sacrifices. 
At  first  these  children  were  offered  in  a  furnace,  as 
those  in  the  valley  of  Hinnom,  often  mentioned  in 
scripture,  or  enclosed  in  a  flaming  statue  of  Saturn. 
The  cries  of  the  poor  children  were  drowned  by  the 
noise  of  drums  and  trumpets.  Mothers  were  present, 
and  were  not  allowed  to  shed  a  tear.  They  were  fined 
if  they  did.  Not  a  tear  or  groan  escaped  them,  and 
the  mothers  would  by  embraces  and  kisses  try  to  si- 
lence the  cries  of  their  children.  It  was  considered 
that  the  sacrifice  must  be  without  emotion  by  the 
mothers,  or  it  would  not  be  acceptable  to  the  god  Sat- 
urn. The  Carthagenians continued  this  inhuman  cus- 
tom until  the  ruin  of  their  city.  Geton,  the  tyrant  of 
Syracuse,  obtained  a  victory  over  the  Carthagenians. 
During  the  whole  engagement,  which  was  all  day, 
Hamilcar,  the  Carthagenian  general,  continually  was 
offering  up  to  the  gods  sacrifices  of  living  men,  who 
were  thrown  in  great  numbers  on  a  flaming  pile.  See- 
ing his  troops  routed  and  put  to  flight,  he  himself 
rushed  into  the  flames,  as  he  would  not  survive  the 
disgrace  of  defeat.  In  times  of  pestilence  they  made 
use  of  the  most  shocking  rites;  men  were  sacrificed, 
and  children  were  brought  to  the  altar.  At  the  time 
Agathoclcs  was  going  to  beseige  Carthage,  its  inhabi- 
tants, seeing  the  extremity  to  which  they  were  reduced, 
imputed  all  their  misfortunes  to  the  just  anger  of  Sat- 
urn, because,  that  instead  of  offering  up  children  nobly 
born,  who  were  usually  sacrificed,  there  had  been 
fraudulently  substituted  in  their  stead  the  children  of 
slaves  and  foreigners.  To  atone  for  this  crime,  two 
hundred  of  children  of  the  best  families  in  Carthage 
were  sacrificed  to  Saturn ;  besides  upward  of  three  hun- 
dred citizens,  from  a  sense  of  guilt  of  this  pretended 
crime,  voluntarily  sacrificed  themselves.  There  was  a 
bra/.cn   statue  of    Saturn,   the  hands  of   which   were 


INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  49 

turned  downward,  so  that  when  a  child  was  laid  on 
them  it  dropped  down  into  a  hollow,  where  was  a  fiery 
furnace.  No  doubt,  some  persons  will  think  what  we 
have  just  written  is  not  true,  but  1  can  say  if  they  read 
Rollin's  ancient  history,  they  will  find  it,  as  we  are  us- 
ing that  work  as  our  present  authority;  and  we  will 
say  to  our  readers  that  we  will  not  use  any  but  the 
best  authorities  to  collect  our  facts.  We  intend  to  tell 
the  fact.  Much  of  it  will  displease  us,  and  sometimes 
a  tear  will  drop,  but  we  cannot  help  that.  The  truth 
must  be  told,  if  it  should  crush  the  flagrant  aristocracy, 
or  if  it  should  extol  it  to  the  skies.  We  will  tell  the 
truth  about  them. 

Carthagenia  was  a  trading  nation,  but  at  the  same 
time  she  was  a  warlike  nation.  The  great  bHsiness 
of  the  aristocracy  of  the  whole  world  has  been  war. 
They  being  idle  and  not  doing  any  work,  it  is  natural 
that  they  should  be  studying  some  kind  of  mischief, 
and,  as  war  is  the  most  destructive,  and  if  fortunate 
the  plunder  is  remunerative,  so  they  always  have  en- 
gaged in  war  when  they  could  find  the  flimsiest  pre- 
text for  it.  And  again,  war  was  in  perfect  keeping 
with  their  dispositions,  to  plunder  and  get  filthy  lucre 
without  toil.  Those  who  do  not  labor  are  most  in- 
clined to  rob,  steal  and  plunder,  and  they  have  a  keen 
desire  to  obtain  money.  As  they  have  no  way  to  ob- 
tain it  but  by  getting  it  from  the  working  man  ;  and 
war  also  gives  them  an  opportunity  to  command  and 
lord  it  over  their  fellow  beinorg,  and  o-ives  them  in  flu- 
ence  over  men,  so  they  can  the  better  pull  the  wool 
over  the  eyes  of  the  people.  The  Carthagenians 
were  a  warlike  nation,  and  as  they  were  a  commercial 
people  they  became  keen  in  all  matters,  and  in  their 
alliances  they  made  other  nations  tributary  to  them, 
and  so  they  could  draw  men  and  money  from  other 
other  nations — Numidia,  Balearic  Isles,  Spain, from  the 
coasts  of  Genoa  and  Gaul,  and  from  Greece.  They 
could  draw  men  and  money  from  those  countries,  so 
they  were  prepared  to  go  to  war,  and  it  was  not  a 
long  time  before  they  had  plenty  of  it.     The  first  war 


50  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

they  were  engaged  in  was  with  the  Africans.  The 
Carthagenians  bought  a  territory  from  the  Africans, 
and  agreed  to  pay  a  certain  sum  of  money  for  it; 
they  refused  to  pay  for  it,  and  the  war  followed.  But 
the  dishonest  aristocrats  were  worsted  and  defeated, 
and  settled  by  paying  the  tribute.  Such  work  is  nat- 
ural for  an  aristocrat.  They  thought  they  could  make 
money  easily  by  not  paying,  and  vanquishing  the  Af- 
ricans and  plundering  them,  but  they  missed  their  cal- 
culations. We  will  notice  the  moral  of  the  acts  as 
we  proceed.  Dishonesty  did  not  succeed.  But  they 
were  not  satisfied,  they  went  to  war  with  the  Numid- 
ians  and  Moors,  and  gained  conquest  over  them.  Still 
they  were  not  satisfied  with  their  war  with  Africa,  and 
thinking  they  could  do  better,  they  again  made  war 
with  the  Africans  and  came  off  victorious,  and  took 
possession  of  a  great  part  of  Africa.  You  can  plainly 
see  that  the  aristocrat  has  the  same  greed  now  that  he 
had  then  ;  anything  for  money.  The  treaty  to  pay 
did  not  bind  them.  There  is  nothing  that  the  aristo- 
crat will  not  do  for  filthy  lucre ;  he  is  venal.  The 
Carthagenians  also  took  Sardinia.  They  were  not 
yet  satisfied ;  they  took  the  Balearic  Isles,  now  called 
Majorca  and  Minorca.  The  latter  isle  has  a  fine  har- 
bor, and  is  used  at  the  present  day.  These  islanders 
were  expert  slingers,  and  were  of  great  service  to  the 
Carthagenians  in  their  constant  wars.  They  were 
practiced  to  it  from  childhood  ;  their  mothers  would 
lay  a  bit  of  food  on  a  tree,  and  they,  the  little  ones, 
had  to  hit  it  with  the  sling  before  they  could  partake 
of  it.  They  seldom  missed  the  mark,  and  were  very 
annoying  to  their  enemies  in  battle.  Spain  was  rich 
in  gold  and  silver  mines.  The  Carthagenian  aristocrat 
yearned  for  the  Spanish  gold,  and  like  their  class 
could  not  rest  until  they  had  possession  of  it,  so  they 
seized  Spain.  So  the  aristocrat  can  not  be  easy  un- 
til he  has  robbed  the  laborer  of  his  wages.  He 
starves  for  the  wages  of  the  working  man.  Surely  he 
would  suffer  and  die  and  become  extinct,  if  he  did  not 
get  it.     As  he  does   not  work  he  must  get  his  living 


INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  5  I 

the  best  way  he  can,  and,  as  he  has  no  compunctions 
of  conscience,  he  lies,  and  robs,  and  steals. 

The  Carthagenians  also  received  many  soldiers  from 
Spain  to  assist  them  to  plunder  other  countries.  Spain 
was  divided  into  many  small  districts,  which  made  it 
easier  for  the  Carthagenians  to  subdue  them.  The 
Carthagenians,  before  they  subdued  Spain,  were  in 
the  habit  of  trading  with  them  ;  and  the  Spaniards,  not 
knowing  the  value  of  gold  and  silver,  exchanged  them 
for  articles  of  little  value.  But  that  was  not  enough 
for  the  Carthagenians;  they  must  rob  the  people  of 
their  country.  Just  like  aristocracy,  never  satisfied 
with  enough,  they  must  take  all,  as  Europe  is  grasp- 
ing the  whole  world.  The  Carthagenians  made  a 
treaty  with  Xerxes,  King  of  Persia,  that  Xerxes  should 
invade  Greece,  and  they  should  invade  Sicily.  No- 
tice the  iniquity  made:  a  treaty  to  war  with  nations. 
The  preparations  for  this  war  on  the  part  of  the  Car- 
thagenians took  three  years  to  land  an  army  of  not 
less  than  three  hundred  thousand  men.  The  fleet 
consisted  of  two  thousand  ships  of  war,  and  over  three 
thousand,  small  vessels  of  burden.  Hamilcar,  the  best 
general  of  the  age,  took  command  of  this  army.  He 
sailed  with  his  army  and  landed  at  Palermo,  and  after 
refreshing  his  troops,  he  marched  to  Hymera,  a  city 
not  far  from  Palermo,  and  laid  siege  to  it.  Theron, 
who  commanded  the  city,  sent  to  Gelon,  who  had  taken 
Syracuse.  Gelon  came  to  his  relief  with  fifty  thou- 
sand men.  Geion  was  an  able  warrior,  and  used  to  strat- 
egy. A  courier  was  brought  to  Gelon,  who  had  been 
dispatched  from  Selinus,  a  city  of  Sicily,  at  what  day 
he  might  expect  the  cavalry  which  he  had  demanded 
of  them.  Gelon  drew  out  an  equal  number  of  his 
own  troops,  and  sent  them  from  his  own  camp  about 
the  time  agreed  on.  These  troops  of  Gelon 's  were 
admitted  into  the  camp  of  the  Carthagenians,  as  com- 
ing from  Selinus,  rushed  on  Hamilcar,  killed  him,  and 
set  fire  to  his  ships.  At  the  same  time  Gelon  attacked 
them  with  all  his  force.  The  Carthagenians  at  first 
made  a  gallant  resistance  ;  but  when  they  heard  of  their 


52  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

general's  death,  and  saw  the  ships  on  fire,  their  courage 
failed  them,  and  they  fled.  And  now  a  dreadful  slaugh- 
ter took  place  ;  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
men  were  butchered.  The  remainder  of  the  army  fled 
to  a  place  where  they  had  no  supplies,  could  not  make 
much  defense,  and  had  to  surrender.  This  battle  was 
fought  the  very  day  of  the  action  of  Thermopylce. 
In  all  this  wickedness  of  the  degraded  aristocracy, 
there  is  not  as.  much  sympathy  shown  for  the  soldiers 
as  a  human  being  would  for  a  brute;  and  all  this  ini- 
quity was  performed  by  things  in  the  shape  of  human 
beings,  and  by  those  who  considered  themselves  the 
elevated  class  of  society.  But  they  were  the  lowest 
class,  strictly  speaking.  Mark  what  work  these  infa- 
mous aristocrats  have  made  of  government,  leading  the 
people  to  slaughter  continually.  And  u^hat  arrogance 
and  impudence  they  have,  in  saying  that  a  democratic 
government  will  not  stand.  What  can  equal  it  ?  Can 
you  find  a  parallel  ?  Aristocracy  is  the  bane  of  soci- 
ety ;  war  was  its  constant  occupation.  They  enslaved 
the  people ;  kept  them  in  poverty  and  ignorance. 
But  take  a  view  of  the  past.  The  aristocrat* will  tell 
you  that  no  progress  has  been  made  by  the  people. 
Every  one  must  judge  for  himself.  We  say  progress 
has  been  made;  all  can  see  it.  Compare  the  acts  we 
have  just  related  with  what  is  now  done  in  the  world. 
But,  says  the  sawney,  man  is  no  better  than  he  was 
four  thousand  years  ago.  And  that  is  the  traditional 
teaching  of  the  infamous  aristocracy.  They  say  there  is 
not  an  honest  man  to  be  found,  judging  all  by  them- 
selves. War  in  ancient  times  was  a  harvest  for  the 
conquering  aristocracy,  but  the  workingman  had  to 
pay  the  bills.  Avoid  war  if  it  can  be  done  with  honor, 
and  do  not  mind  what  the  lazy  aristocrat  says  about 
it.  He  always  has  been,  and  always  will  be,  the  ene- 
my of  the  working  man. 

The  next  war  the  Carthagenians  engaged  in  was  in 
aiding  the  Segestans.  Hannibal  was  appointed  gen- 
eral. He  was  the  son  of  Gesco,  who  was  banished  be- 
cause his  father  lost  a  battle.     The  first  act  of  Hanni- 


INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  53 

bal  was  to  besiege  the  city  of  Selinus.  The  city  made 
a  long  resistance,  and  was  taken  by  storm,  and  the 
plundering  of  it  abandoned  to  the  soldiers.  The  most 
horrid  cruelties  were  exercised  to  both  sexes.  He 
suffered  the  lands  to  be  tilled  by  paying  tribute  to  the 
Carthagenians.  Next,  he  took  the  city  of  Himcra.  It 
was  also  taken  by  storm,  and  after  cruelly  treating  the 
people  he  leveled  the  city  to  the  ground,  he  ignomin- 
iously  punishing  three  thousand  prisoners.  He  killed 
them  all  on  the  spot  where  his  grandfather  was  killed 
by  Gelon's  cavalry.  Who  but  aristocracy  would  take 
a  large  city,  level  it  to  the  ground,  leave  no  shelter  for 
the  women  and  children,  and  slaughter  three  thousand 
prisoners.'*  None  but  they  would.  Three  years  after- 
wards they  raised  an  army  of  60,000,  and  again  at- 
tacked Sicily.  They  besieged  the  richest  city  in  Sic- 
ily;  a  city  of  200,000  inhabitants,  that  had  never  been 
plundered.  The  besieged  at  first  had  the  advantage. 
The  plague  carried  off  many  of  the  army  of  the  Car- 
thagenians,  but  the  people  of  the  city  were  hard 
pressed,  and  most  of  them  left  the  city.  They  went 
to  a  neighboring  city.  The  Carthagenians  entered 
the  city,  and  murdered  all  left  in  the  city.  Many  were 
aged  and  sick.  The  Carthagenians  had  besieged  it 
eight  months.  They  then  took  up  their  winter  quar- 
ters in  the  city.  In  the  spring  they  demolished  it  en- 
tirely. Such  is  aristocracy.  Such  inhumanity  none 
but  aristocrats  could  exercise.  This  is  worse  than 
brutes.  The  name  of  the  city  was  Agrigentum.  At 
this  time,  Carthage  was  infected  with  a  plague.  A 
number  of  fine  pictures,  vases,  and  statues  were  taken 
here,  among  them  the  famous  bull.  This  bull  was 
made  of  bronze,  cast  hollow.  It  was  made  for  to  pun- 
ish criminals,  by  heating  quite  hot,  and  then  shutting 
the  criminals  inside  of  it,  and  roasting  them.  That  is 
aristocracy.  Dionysius,  the  tyrant  of  Syracuse,  medi- 
tated a  war  with  Carthagenia.  Great  preparations 
were  made  for  war;  all  kinds  of  materials  tor  that  pur- 
pose were  made.  The  Carthagenians  were  not  aware 
of  any  treachery.     After  all  was  ready,  the  tyrant   Di- 


54  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

onysius  told  the  people  that  the  object  was  war  with 
Carthagenia,  their  inveterate  enemy,  and  made  a  speech 
which  excited  their  enmity  to  the  highest  pitch.  The 
first  treacherous  act  was  to  rob  and  plunder  the  Car- 
thagenians  who  lived  in  Syracuse,  and  the  example 
was  followed  through  Sicily.  Dionysius  began  the 
war  by  besieging  the  city  of  Motya ;  it  was  the  maga- 
zine of  the  Carthagenians  in  Sicily.  The  city  held 
out  well,  but  the  tyrant  at  last  took  it  by  storm,  and 
put  the  inhabitants  to  the  sword.  The  plunder  of  it 
was  abandoned  to  the  soldiers.  The  following  year 
the  Carthagenian  general  landed  a  greater  armv  in 
Sicil^^  far  more  numerous  than  any  before.  He  re- 
took Motya  by  force,  and  subdued  several  other  cities. 
He  then  advanced  on  Syracuse.  His  army  consisted 
of  300,000  foot  and  three  thousand  horse.  The  Car- 
thagenian general  pitched  his  tent  in  the  very  temple 
of  Jupiter,  and,  marching  to  the  city,  offered  battle, 
which  they  did  not  accept.  The  Carthagenian  general 
concluded  that  he  had  matters  his  own  way.  For 
thirty  days  he  devastated  the  surrounding  country,  and 
ruined  it,  but  a  sudden  change  came.  The  Carthage- 
nians were  stricken  with  a  terrible  plague,  which  car- 
ried off  a  great  part  of  the  army,  so  much  so,  that  they 
could  not  even  bury  their  dead,  nor  attend  to  the  sick. 
The  tyrant  Dionysius  took  advantage  of  their  calam- 
ity, and  attacked  them.  They  made  but  a  feeble  re- 
sistance. Their  ships  were  burnt.  The  Carthage- 
nians sued  for  peace,  and  offered  all  the  money  they 
had,  which  the  tyrant  took,  but  allowed  only  the  Car- 
thagenians to  go.  They  stole  away  in  the  night,  and 
left  the  rest  of  the  army  to  their  fate,  who  were  ex- 
j30sed  to  the  sword  of  the  Syracusans.  A  great  part 
of  those  left  were  Africans,  the  people  of  which  were 
enraged  at  such  treatment,  assembled  an  army  of  200,- 
000  men.  They  took  Tunis,  and  marched  directly  to 
Carthage.  The  Carthagenians,  in  this  predicament, 
had  recf)ursc  to  call  on  their  gods,  who  they  had  not 
invoked  before,  Ceres  and  Proserpine.  What  good,  the 
reader    would    ask,  could    that    do?     But    it    is    said 


INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  55 

drowned  men  grasp  at  straws,  and  it  is  very  probable 
they  thought  the  goddesses  drove  the  enemy  away. 
As  they  had  no  leader  they  had  confidence  in,  many 
wanted  to  be  leader,  so  they  in  contention  and  strife 
broke  up,  and  went  home. 

The  conclusion  we  draw  from  this  history,  and  the 
only  conclusion,  is,  that  the  different  nations  were  al- 
most continually  engaged  in  war,  and  that  war  meant 
plunder,  and  slaughter,  and  murder.  We  say  murder, 
because  after  one  army  gained  a  victory  over  the  other, 
the  victors  murdered  those  that  were  not  killed  in  action. 
And  we  shall  have  to  say  that  the  aristocracy  at  the 
time  ruled  those  countries.  No  one  of  honor  and 
truth  will  say  that  those  who  ruled  were  not  the  aris- 
tocracy of  those  countries,  and  we  will  also  say  that 
no  truthful  and  fair  person  will  say  that  we  have  not 
progressed  in  morals,  from  what  they  were  in  those 
inhuman  times.  We  do  not  claim  every  virtue  and 
perfection  at  present,  but  what  we  claim  is  that  we  are 
moving  onward  in  the  path  of  progress.  There  are  de- 
grees in  sin  and  wickedness,  and  those  old  heroes 
took  the  highest  degree.  When  you  hear  a  man  say 
that  we  are  not  growing  better,  you  can  make  up  your 
mind  that  he  is  ignorant  and  vicious.  If  water  comes 
from  a  salt  mine  it  will  be  salt,  and  if  it  passes  through 
sulphur  it  will  be  sulphurous,  or  through  alkali  it  will 
be  alkaline.  In  like  manner,  what  a  person  says  will 
partake  of  his  inherent  principles.  What  comes  from 
the  spring  will  be  like  that  is  in  it ;  so  what  comes  out 
of  the  man  must  be  of  the  character  of  the  kind  of 
matter  in  the  man.  It  can  not  be  anything  else  ;  who 
can  decide  different,  this  is  certain.  Now,  it  is  the 
same  with  principles  a  man  is  for  and  advocates ;  they 
must  agree  with  the  inward  morals  and  principles  of 
the  inward  man,  that  is,  if  he  means  what  he  says ;  and 
if  he  says  what  he  does  not  mean,  what  he  does  not 
believe,  then  he  is  a  fool  and  a  knave.  Now,  from 
what  we  have  shown,  mankind  is  progressing,  improv- 
ing, and  every  man  who  is  in  that  category  is  glad  of 
it,  so  much  so  that  it  is  a  source  of  pleasure  and  hap- 


56  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

piness  to  him  ;  that  is,  if  he  is  satisfied  from  what  he 
has  read,  that  is  the  case.  Now  if  he  is  Hke  a  pure 
spring,  it  will  be  an  easy  matter  when  facts  are  plenty 
to  make  him  believe  that  we  are  progressing,  because 
he  has  progressed,  and  is  like  the  pure  spring  which 
produces  pure  water.  And  the  idea  of  progression  is 
in  unison  with  his  inherent  principles.  His  soul  is 
sympathetic,  he  can  not  be  made  to  believe  that  man 
will  be  ultimately  lost  in  misery  or  oblivion.  It  is  dia- 
metrically opposed  to  his  inward  character;  such  tar- 
tarean  principles  can  not  find  place  in  his  organiza- 
tion. And  so  on  the  other  side,  if  a  man  is  inherently 
depraved  and  corrupt,  if  his  soul  is  as  black  as  Erebus, 
do  you  suppose  that  he  can  think  or  believe  that  man 
will  ever  be  good  and  virtuous,  honest  and  truthful  ? 
His  inmost  principles  being  degraded  and  vicious, 
his  whole  composition  being  debased  and  flagitious,  do 
you  believe  that  he  can  harbor  the  idea  that  man  is  im- 
proving.? No,  sir,  it  is  an  utter  impossibility;  what  is 
not  in  him  can  not  come  out  of  him.  If  those  aristo- 
crats of  ancient  times,  who  had  the  people  under  them 
like  slaves,  had  been  told  that  way  of  conducting  the 
affairs  of  the  people  would  not  last  long,  that  the  peo- 
ple would  progress  and  a  different  state  of  affairs  would 
come  on  the  platform,  that  people  would  demand  more 
rights  ;  that  they  would  have  to  give  the  people  more 
privileges;  that  the  people  would  have  meetings,  and 
examine  and  discuss  questions ;  what  do  you  think  the 
aristocrats  would  say  ?  It  would  never  be  any  better 
than  it  is  now,  they  would  say. 

So,  likewise,  if  you  should  say  to  an  aristocrat  that 
the  people  arc  progressing,  that  this  robbing  and  steal- 
ing would  have  an  end,  that  people  arc  getting  wiser 
and  better  as  time  rolls  on,  the  swindler  would  laugh 
at  you ;  and  we  have  heard  one  of  them  say  that  the 
people  arc  retrograding,  going  back,  and  will  ultimate- 
ly go  into  barbarism  ;  he  no  doubt  believed  it ;  as  he 
is  a  barbarian,  it  is  {perfectly  natural  for  him  to  believe 
that  the  end  will  be  barbarism.  Dates  are  not  easily 
accjuired  about  this  time.     We  think    these    incidents 


INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  57 

happened  about  400  before  Christ.  Think  of  the  state 
of  morals  at  that  time.  War  continually,  murder  and 
phinder,  aristocracy  in  its  glory.  Mago  committed  su- 
icide on  account  of  ill  success  ;  a  Carthagenian  general. 
Timoleon,  a  Corinthian,  defeats  Hamilcar  and  Hanni- 
bal with  a  few  thousand  soldiers,  and  butchers  ten 
thousand  men,  and  takes  an  immense  amount  of  treas- 
ures and  a  great  many  prisoners,  about  this  period. 
Hanno,  a  powerful  citizen,  formed  a  plan  to  destroy 
the  whole  Carthagenian  senate  ;  his  plan  was  to  invite 
them  to  his  daughter's  wedding,  and  at  the  entertain- 
ment, poison  them  all  ;  but  he  was  foiled  in  his  foul 
crime  ;  and  he,  seeing  his  plan  defeated,  then  armed  all 
the  slaves  ;  he  was  again  discovered.  He  then  retired 
with  the  twenty  thousand  slaves  to  a  castle  that  was 
fortified,  but  he  was  taken  prisoner.  After  whipping 
him,  putting  out  his  eyes,  his  arms  and  thighs  broken, 
his  life  taken  in  the  presence  of  the  people,  and  his 
body  all  torn  with  stripes,  was  hung  on  a  gibbet.  His 
children,  and  all  his  relations,  though  they  were  not 
guilty  of  any  crime,  shared  in  his  punishment.  They 
were  sentenced  to  die,  that  they  could  not  imitate  his 
crime,  or  take  any  revenge.  This  is  in  perfect  conso- 
nance with  the  aristocratic  character.  Not  satisfied 
with  taking  the  life  of  the  rebel,  and,  Indian-like,  tortur- 
ing him,  they  executed  the  same  torments  and  tortures 
on  his  children  and  all  his  relations.  Please  observe  if 
there  is  any  moral  progress  from  that  time  to  the  pres- 
ent year,  1886.  We  think  you  must  say  there  is.  But 
an  aristocrat  will  say  no  moral  progress  has  been 
made.  An  egregious  buzzard  told  us  that  no  moral 
improvement  has  been  made,  and  that  man  is  a  fail- 
ure. Another  infamous  aristocrat  says  that  man  has 
not  made  any  progress  in  craniology  since  the  very 
earliest  ages. 

IMMORALITY     AND    INIQUITY    OF    ARISTOCRACY. 

An  instance  occurred  in  war  tactics.  Although  it  will 
not  advance  my  argument  much,  we  will  give  a  con- 
densed account  of  it.  Agathocles,  a  Sicilian,  was  of 
low  birth  and  fortune.  The  Carthao-enians  assisted  him 
in  getting  possession  of  Syracuse.     He,  not  contented 


58  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

with  his  situation,  declared  war  against  the  nation  who 
had  assisted  him.  Hamilcar,  the  Carthagenian  gener- 
al, gained  a  victory  over  him.  He  shut  himself  up  in 
Syracuse.  Hamilcar  laid  siege  to  the  city.  The  Gen- 
eral Agathocles  then  executed  a  strategy  unheard  of 
in  the  annals  of  war.  The  plan  was  to  carry  the  war 
into  Carthagenia ;  he  kept  the  design  a  secret,  and 
made  preparations  to  execute  it.  He  left  forces  to  de- 
fend the  city,  and  departed  with  the  remainder  for  Car- 
thagenia. The  enemy  were  surprised,  and  made  an 
effort  to  prevent  them  from  going,  but  they  succeeded 
in  getting  away.  None  of  the  army  knew  where  they 
were  going.  This  was  a  daring  enterprise,  and  re- 
quired much  energy  to  carry  it  into  effect ;  such 
schemes  generally  prove  abortive;  he  persevered. 
When  he  landed  in  Africa,  he  disclosed  his  design. 
He  made  a  speech,  and  encouraged  his  soldiers.  Next, 
he  burned  all  of  his  ships.  He  told  them  that  he  address- 
ed the  two  goddesses,  Ceres  and  Proserpine.  They 
marched,  full  of  courage,  to  the  Great  City,  part  of  Car- 
thage, which  they  took  and  plundered.  Next,  they 
took  Tunis,  a  city  near  by.  The  Carthagenians  were 
in  great  consternation  and. alarm.  They  thought  their 
army  at  Syracuse  had  been  defeated,  and  ships  de- 
stroyed ;  all  was  in  great  confusion.  They  did  not 
not  know  what  to  do,  but  concluded  to  raise  an  army 
in  the  city.  The  amount  of  the  levy  was  forty  thous- 
and  foot,  and  two  thousand  armed  chariots.  Two  gen- 
erals, who  were  not  on  good  terms,  were  appointed  to 
command.  They  marched  to  meet  the  enemy,  which 
was  but  fourteen  thousand.  The  battle  began  with 
obstinacy.  Hanno,  one  of  the  Carthagenian  generals, 
the  flower  of  the  army  with  him,  stood  long,  sustained 
the  fury  of  the  Greeks,  but  his  forces  were  overwhelmed 
with  stones.  Hanno  was  killed.  The  other  general 
could  have  changed  the  aspect,  but  he  played  traitor, 
withdrew  his  forces,  and  the  whole  army  followed  him, 
which  left  the  field  to  Agathocles,  who  pursued  the 
enemy  some  time.  He  returned  and  plundered  the 
Carthagenian  camp.  Many  strong  cities  were  taken, 
and  many  natives  joined  the  victors. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  59 

CHAPTER  IV. 

IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY. 

From  this  probably  came  the  saying,  "  Carry  the 
war  into  Africa."  The  Carthagenians  were  defeated 
at  Syracuse.  Hamilcar,  their  general,  was  taken  pris- 
oner and  tortured,  and  his  head  sent  to  Agathocles. 
Bomilcar,  the  traitor  who  deserted  with  his  army  from 
Carthage  when  Agathocles  attacked  it,  now  attempted 
to  gain  supreme  authority  over  the  people  of  Carthage. 
He  was  assisted  by  a  few  citizens  and  a  body  of  foreign 
soldiers ;  he  proclaimed  himself  tyrant,  and  proved  he 
was  tyrant  by  cutting  the  throats  of  all  the  citizens  he 
met  in  the  streets.  The  people  collected  an  army  ;  he 
intended  to  make  a  vigorous  defense.  But  when  he 
saw  the  force  against  him,  his  men  made  a  comprom- 
ise. A  pardon  was  proclaimed  to  all  who  would  lay 
down  their  arms.  But  when  they  laid  down  their  arms 
the  Carthagenians  refused  to  include  Bomilcar.  He 
harangued  the  people,  but  to  no  effect.  He  died  on 
the  cross  in  excruciating  torments  ;  and  so  another  ty- 
rant was  murdered,  as  they  agreed  to  pardon  all  who 
laid  down  their  arms.  But  the  word  of  an  aristocrat 
was  nothing  in  those  days.  The  tyrant  who  made  the 
sudden  invasion  in  Africa  and  took  Carthage — Agath- 
ocles — won  over  to  his  interest  a  powerful  prince  of  Cy- 
rene,  named  Ophellus,  whom  he  flattered  with  power. 
But  when  he  got  possession  of  his  army,  he  had  him 
murdered,  so  that  he  might  retain  his  army.  He  had 
many  nations  as  allies,  and  several  strong  places  he 
held  by  his  forces.  He  still  remained  in  Africa — he 
and  his  family  lived  in  Africa — and  seeing  that  mat- 
ters were  in  good  condition  there,  he  thought  he  would 
go  back  to  Sicily ;  so  he  left  the  army  in  command  of 
his  son,  and  sailed  back  to  Syracuse.  As  he  had  been 
fortunate  at  Carthage,  he  was  well  received  at  the  city 
of  Syracuse.  But  the  affairs  at  Carthage  changed  ma- 
terially, and  he  could  not  mend  them.  All  the  strong 
cities  surrendered  to  the  Carthaorenians.      He  had  no 

O 


60  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

mode  of  getting  an  army  in  Africa,  as  he  had  des- 
troyed his  own  ships.  He  was  now  in  a  bad  predica- 
ment, and  he  concluded  to  look  only  for  himself,  and, 
deserting  his  children,  he  arrived  at  Sicily  with  a  few 
followers.  The  soldiers,  exasperated  by  his  treachery, 
murdered  his  two  or  more  sons,  and  surrendered  to 
the  enemy.  He  was  poisoned  by  Macnon,  who  he  had 
basely  abused.  Thus  ended  a  life  that  was  polluted 
by  the  blackest  crimes  imaginable. 

During  the  time  that  the  city  of  Carthage  was  in 
the  control  of  the  enemy,  the  Carthagenians  sacrificed 
hundreds  of  children  and  more  men  to  their  god  Sat- 
urn. We  shall  next  notice  the  Lybian  war,  or  against 
the  mercenaries,  but  it  will  be  better  understood  by 
calling  it  the  soldiers'  rebellion.  The  manner  that  this 
took  place  is  as  follows :  The  Carthagenians  had  been 
engaged  in  a  war  with  Romans  for  twenty-four  years, 
called  the  first  Runic  war,  and  they  had  been  defeated, 
and  obtained  peace  by  paying  a  large  tribute,  and  had 
not  paid  their  own  soldiers,  who  were  composed  of 
several  nations.  These  soldiers  were  encamped  near 
Carthao^e.  Hamilcar,  who  had  commanded  the  forces, 
resigned,  and  Cisco,  who  succeeded  Hamilcar,  had 
shipped  these  soldiers  to  Carthage  at  different  times, 
in  parts  of  the  army.  The  soldiers  were  marched  to  a 
small  city  called  Sicca.  Hanno  succeeded  Cisco  in 
command.  He,  Hanno,  proposed  to  the  soldiers  that 
they  take  an  abatement  of  their  pay,  as  the  government 
was  in  reduced  circumstances,  and  unable  at  the  time 
to  pay  all.  (Cisco  had  shipped  them  in  at  different 
times,  no  doubt,  on  that  account.)  This  at  once 
raised  a  tumult.  They  instantly  broke  up  their  camp, 
and  marched  towards  Carthage.  They  were  over 
twenty  thousand  men,  and  were,  as  before  mentioned, 
composed  of  different  nations,  which  made  it  more 
difficult  to  reason  and  settle  any  difficult  matter  with 
them  ;  and  as  no  settlement  could  be  made,  they  re- 
ferred it  to  Cisco,  who  was  on  good  terms  with  them. 
He  was  about  making  a  treaty  with  them,  when  two 
evil  doers  raised  a  tumult   in  every  part  of  the  camp. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  6 1 

The  Africans  were  the  most  seditious.  No  peaceable 
measures  were  made.  Whoever  offered  to  make 
peace  was  instantly  killed.  Most  of  the  African  cities 
joined  the  rebels.  And  what  made  it  worse,  the  Af- 
ricans had  been  cruelly  treated  by  the  Carthagenians. 
We  would  say  wherein,  but  we  are  now  dilating  too 
much  on  this  incident,  as  we  are  restricted  by  the 
heading  of  the  page.  The  Carthagenians  prepared  to 
meet  the  mutineers.  The  command  of  the  army  was 
given  to  Hanno.  Great  preparations  were  made  on 
both  sides.  Outside  parties  were  invited  to  partake 
of  the  horrors  of  the  rebellion.  The  rebels  raised  an 
army  of  seventy  thousand  soldiers.  They  were  en- 
camped near  Carthage,  and  kept  the  city  in  constant 
alarm,  and  advanced  by  day  and  night  to  the  walls  of 
Carthage.  Hanno,  in  an  engagement,  gained  an  ad- 
vantage, but  as  he  did  not  profit  by  it,  was  removed, 
and  Hamilcar  appointed  in  his  place.  He  marched 
against  the  rebels  at  Carthage,  and  defeated  part  of 
the  army,  and  took  nearly  all  their  important  posts, 
which  gave  the  Carthagenians  courage.  At  this  crit- 
ical time,  a  Numidian  by  the  name  Naravasis  joined 
the  Carthagenians  with  two  thousand  men.  Hamilcar 
then  attacked  the  rebels,  who  were  encamped  in  a  val- 
ley, and  killed  ten  thousand  of  them,  and  took  four 
thousand  prisoners.  Hamilcar  enlisted  some  of  the 
prisoners,  and  set  the  remainder  free  on  the  condition 
that  they  should  not  take  up  arms  against  the  Car- 
thagenians again.  The  rebels  had  Gisco  and  seven 
hundred  prisoners  in  prison.  They  took  them  out,  and 
after  murdering  the  general  Gisco,  they  slaughtered 
all  of  the  seven  hundred  prisoners.  Their  hands  were 
cut  off  and  their  thiohs  broken,  and  their  bodies  still 
breathing  were  thrown  into  a  hole.  And  all  the  pris- 
oners afterwards  taken  by  the  rebels  were  served  in 
the  same  manner.  At  this  unfortunate  state  of  af- 
fairs for  Carthage,  the  ships  that  were  loaded  with 
provisions,  of  which  they  were  in  extreme  want,  were 
cast  away  at  sea;  and  two  cities,  which  always  had  been 
loyal,  joined  the  rebels  ;  they  were  Utica  and  Hippacra. 


62  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

They  murdered  the  governor  and  a  garrison  of  sol- 
diers, and  refused  to  let  the  Carthagenians  bury  them. 
The  rebels  were  so  bold  now  as  to  besieo;e  Carthao;e, 
but  were  immediately  compelled  to  leave.  They  con- 
tinued the  war,  and  still  had  an  army  of  fifty  thousand 
men.  They  were  cautious  and  kept  in  the  hills,  not 
coming  on  the  plains,  being  afraid  of  the  elephant  of 
the  Carthagenians.  Hamilcar  was  as  cautious  as  they 
were,  and  all  the  prisoners  he  took  he  threw  to  the 
wild  beasts;  but  Hamilcar  at  last  caught  them  in  a 
place  from  which  they  could  not  escape.  Not  daring 
to  hazard  a  battle,  they  entrenched  and  fortified  their 
camp ;  but  that  could  not  profit  them,  as  they  were 
soon  starving  from  hunger.  They  at  first  ate  their 
prisoners,  then  their  slaves,  and  now  themselves  were 
only  left.  Next  they  murmured  against  their  chiefs, 
and  they  required  them  to  surrender  ;  and  as  they  knew 
what  their  doom  would  be,  they  delayed,  so  the  soldiers 
obtained  an  opportunity  to  go  to  the  general  Hamilcar. 
They  soon  made  a  treaty  with  him.  The  treaty  was 
that  the  Carthagenians  should  select  ten  of  the  rebels, 
and  treat  them  as  they  should  think  proper,  and  that 
the  remainder  should  be  dismissed  with  only  one  suit 
of  clothes.  When  the  treaty  was  signed  they  were 
arrested.  The  rebels,  not  knowing  of  the  treaty  that 
had  been  made,  took  up  arms  again.  Hamilcar,  hav- 
ing surrounded  them,  brought  forward  his  elephants, 
and  either  trod  them  under  foot,  or  cut  them  to  pieces, 
they  being  over  forty  thousand.  Hamilcar  then 
marched  to  Tunis.  He  invested  it  on  one  side,  and 
Hannibal  on  the  other  side.  He  took  one  of  the  rebel 
generals,  Spendius,  and  hung  him  on  a  cross ;  he 
also  hung  many  others  he  had  taken.  Matho,  the 
other  rebel  general,  observing  that  Hannibal  was  neg- 
ligent, made  a  sally,  took  several  prisoners,  killed 
many,  and  took  Hannibal,  the  general,  prisoner. 
Matho,  the  rebel  general,  then  took  the  rebel  general, 
who  had  been  hung  on  a  cross  by  Hamilcar,  down, 
and  huuLi  Hannibal  on  the  same  cross,  after  makiuQ- 
him  suffer  excruciatinu:  torments  ;  and  then  sacrificed 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  •        63 

alive  thirty  of  the  first  citizens  of  Carthage,  around  the 
body  of  the  dead  general  Spendius,whom  Hamilcar  had 
hung  on  a  cross.  It  appears  the  demons  were  en- 
deavoring to  outvie  each  other  in  cruelty  and  barbarity. 

But  such  always  has  been  the  work  of  aristocracy. 
Notice  the  morals  and  infamy  of  the  powers  then  rul- 
ing the  people.  The  human  family  have  nearly  al- 
ways been  governed  by  demons  in  the  shape  of  men. 
Beasts  never  done  any  more  cruelty  to  each  other  than 
these  tartarean  brutes.  The  Carthagenians  made  a 
great  effort,  and  raised  another  army,  and  appointed 
Hanno  general,  and  from  that  time  the  rebels  were 
unfortunate.  Matho  concluded  to  hazard  a  battle.  It 
was  what  the  Carthagenians  wanted.  A  great  battle 
was  fought,  the  rebels  were  routed,  entirely  vanquished. 
The  rebels  were  most  all  slain.  Matho  was  taken 
alive,  and  carried  to  the  city  of  Carthage.  All  Africa 
turned  to  its  allegiance,  and  now  the  victorious  re- 
turned to  Carthage,  and  were  joyfully  received  by  the 
inhabitants.  They  had  a  great  triumph,  and  Matho 
and  his  soldiers  heightened  it.  After  the  triumph, 
Matho  and  his  soldiers  were  led  to  execution,  and  this 
ended  the  war  of  three  vears  and  four  months. 

Assyrian  Empire  probably  founded  by  Nimrod  about 
2200  years  before  the  Christian  era,  and  stood  about 
1450  years.  Nimrod  was  a  great  hunter.  He  took 
laborious  exercise;  principally,  no  doubt,  to  prepare 
the  young  men  for  war.  The  wars  of  Nimrod  were 
many,  and  no  doubt  terrible  butcheries,  but  we  have 
but  vague  accounts  of  their  battles.  The  capital  city 
of  the  empire  was  Babylon.  This  city  was  not  founded 
by  Nimrod  after  the  tower  of  Babylon  had  been  over- 
thrown, or  as  some  assert  deserted.  But  it  is  believed 
that  Nimrod,  after  the  place  was  deserted,  built  a  wall 
around  it,  and  subdued  the  surrounding  inhabitants, 
and  made  this  place,  Babylon,  the  centre  of  his  empire. 
It  appears  that  this  man  Nimrod  did  not  lay  waste  a 
country  he  took,  but  built  cities.  He,  it  is  supposed, 
built  the  city  of  Nineveh,  where  Jonah  preached,  and 
it  was  finished  by  Ninus,  the  son  of    Nimrod.     Ninus 


64  *  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

made  war  on  the  neighboring  nations  seventeen  years 
and  conquered  a  great  extent  of  country,  and  when  he 
came  from  the  conquests  he  had  made  he  finished  the 
great  city  of  Nineveh.  It  is  recorded  that  this  city 
was  sixty  miles  in  circumference,  in  the  shape  of  a 
parallelogram.  The  walls  of  the  city  were  a  hundred 
feet  high,  and  so  thick  that  three  chariots  might  ride 
abreast,  and  were  fortified  with  1,500  towers  200  feet 
high.  After  finishing  the  city  of  Nineveh  he  resumed 
the  war  with  the  Bactrians.  It  has  been  said  that  his 
army  consisted  of  1,700,000  foot;  200,000  horse,  and 
16,000  chariots,  armed  with  scythes.  Ninus  made  him- 
self master  of  many  cities,  and  then  besieged  Bractria, 
the  capital  of  the  country.  Here  he  met  with  much 
difiiculty,  and  perhaps  would  have  failed  to  take  the 
city.  But  a  woman  directed  him  how  to  attack  the 
city,  and  by  her  means  he  took  it.  The  city  was  im- 
mensely rich.  The  husband  of  the  woman,  whose 
name  was  Scauramus,  committed  suicide  to  prevent  the 
threats  of  the  king,  Ninus,  being  executed  against  his 
life.  The  king  had  a  violent  passion  for  the  woman 
Scauramus,  and  married  her.  They  had  a  son  after 
returning  to  Nineveh,  whom  he  called  Ninyas.  Not 
long  after  Ninus  died,  and  left  the  queen  the  govern- 
ment of  the  kingdom.  She,  in  honor  of  his  memory, 
erected  a  magnificent  monument.  It  has  been  said 
that  she  obtained  the  sovereign  power  by  fraud,  and 
then  imprisoned  Ninus,  who  soon  died. 

Rollin  gives  a  long  description  of  Babylon  ;  it  was 
fifteen  miles  square.  We  have  not  the  space  nor  the 
inclination  to  give  the  description  of  Babylon,  as  it 
does  not  strengthen  nor  advance  the  argument  we 
want  to  make.  The  battle  Thymbra,  between  Cyrus 
and  Cnesus.  This  was  a  battle  between  the  Assyri- 
ans, of  Iiabylon,  and  the  Persians.  Rollin  gives  a 
lengthy  account  of  this  battle;  we  will  condense  the 
affray  as  much  as  we  reasonably  can.  The  army  of 
Cnesus  amounted  to  429,000  men,  and  were  com- 
posed of  twelve  different  nations  or  tribes,  Cyrus 
had  an  army  of  196,000  men,  consisting  of  four  differ- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  65 

€nt   nations.      The  armies  of  those  times  were  drawn 
up  from  twelve  deep  to  twenty-four ;  and  in  Croesus' 
army  the  Egyptians   fought  one   hundred  deep,  and 
were  surrounded  and  taken  prisoners.     The  army  of 
Croesus  had  a  battle  front  of  five  miles,  and  that  of 
Cyrus  four  miles.     The   Egyptians,  with  their  heavy 
and  deep  lines,  gained  an  advantage,  and   drove  the 
infantry    of    Cyrus    some    distance.      Cyrus    ordered 
them  attacked  behind,  so  they  were  surrounded  and 
were    compelled    to     surrender.     Croesus     was    com- 
pletely  routed,    and  his    army    scattered.     It    was    a 
dreadful    carnage ;  heaps   of    men  and    horses,   over- 
turned chariots.     The  number  of  the  slain  and  pris- 
oners is   not  given  by    Rollin.     Croesus  retreated  to 
Sardis,  which  was  taken,  and  Croesus  was  taken   also. 
The  inhabitants  of  the  city  gave  up  all  their  gold  and 
silver,  on  condition  of  having  their  lives  spared,  and 
wives  and  children   not   molested.     Croesus  was  con- 
demned to  be  burned,  but  Cyrus  ordered   him    taken 
from  the  pile  at  the  last  moment,  and  as  long  as  he 
lived  was  treated  with  honor  and  respect.     This  took 
place  about    500  years  before  Christ.     Now  we  will 
give  a  condensed  history  of  the  taking  of  the  city  of 
Babylon.     The  Jews,  it  appears,  were  kept  in  bondage 
by  the  Babylonians ;  and  by  examining  the  chapter  of 
Isaiah,  you   will    find    that    Babylon    was   mentioned 
many  times ;  and  the  Jews  were  there  in  great  num- 
bers.    Cyrus,  king  of  Persia,  marched  an  army  against 
it,  and  he  found  them  feasting  and  drinking,  and  he 
took  the  city  in  the  night.     Belshazzar  was  killed  at 
the  banquet,  and  all   those  found  in  the  streets  were 
killed.     We  have  no  account  that  the  city  was  then 
destroyed,    but    by    degrees    it    became    uninhabited. 
Cambyses,  having  made  great  preparations,  invaded 
Egypt  in   the  fourth   year  of  his  reign.     Pellusum,  a 
strong  place,  and  was  the  key  of  Egypt  on  the  side  he 
attacked  it.      It  is   recorded   that  he  placed  in  front  of 
his    army    many    cats,    dogs,   and    sheep,    which    the 
Egyptians  considered  sacred,  and  would  not  throw  a 
dart  or   shoot  an   arrow,  for   fear   of  killing   some    of 


66  THE  workingman's  guide. 

these  animals.  Cambyses  took  the  place  without  opo- 
sition.  Then  the  Egyptians  advanced  to  meet  Cam- 
byses ;  a  great  battle  was  fought.  But  before  they 
were  engaged,  the  Greeks,  who  were  in  the  Egyptian 
army,  in  order  to  be  revenged  of  Phanes,  who  had  re- 
volted from  the  Greeks  and  joined  Cambyses,  took 
Phanes'  children,  and  cut  their  throats  and  drank 
their  blood.  Notice,  because  the  father  had  deserted 
they  cut  the  throats  of  his  children.  The  Egyptian 
army  were  nearly  all  slain  and  routed ;  the  remainder 
fled  to  Memphis.  Cambyses  sent  an  agent  to  the 
city  to  demand  them  to  surrender.  The  Egyptians 
tore  him  to  pieces,  and  others  that  were  with  him. 
(Like  the  Modocs),  Cambyses  executed  ten  times  as 
many  of  the  Egyptians.  Barbarity  and  cruelty  the 
order  of  those  days.  The  Egyptian  king  was  kindly 
treated,  but,  as  natural,  he  endeavored  to  recover  his 
kingdom,  for  which  he  was  made  to  drink  bull's  blood, 
and  died.  He  had  reigned  six  months,  and  all  Egypt 
submitted  to  Cambyses,  king  of  Persia;  and  the  Ly- 
bians,  Cyrenians  and  Barceans  all  sent  presents  to  the 
conqueror,  as  tokens  of  submission.  Cambyses  went 
from  Memphis  to  Sais,  which  was  the  burial  place  of 
the  kings  of  Egypt.  He  caused  the  remains  jf  Ama- 
sis  to  be  taken  out  of  his  tomb,  and  after  exposing  to 
many  indignities  he  cast  it  in  the  fire  and  burnt  it, 
which  was  contrary  to  the  custom  of  the  Persians 
and  Egyptians.  He  hated  the  person  of  Amasis, 
and  committed  that  flagrant  act  to  gratify  his  spite. 
He  was  an  infamous  and  degraded  tartarean  aristo- 
crat and  barbarian,  as  you  will  see  in  the  sequel. 

The  next  year  was  his  sixth  year  in  power,  and  the 
demon  resolved  to  make  war  on  three  nations  at  a 
time.     The  one  ai^ainst  the  Pha^nicians  he  was   com- 

•  •  • 

pelled  to  relinquish,  but  he  invaded  two  of  them,  the 
Ammtjnians  and  the  Ethiopians.  He  sent  an  agent 
with  ]>rescnts,  but  really  a  spy;  the  presents  were  of 
but  Httle  vahie,  but  the  Ethiopian  received  them,  and 
in  his  way  gave  the  agent  one  in  return.  It  was  a 
bow   tliat    the  agent  could  not  bend  at  all ;  and  the 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  67 

Ethiopian  said  to  the  agent:  "  Tell  your  king,  when 
the  Persians  shall  be  able  to  use  a  bow  of  the  size  and 
strength  of  this,  and  with  as  much  ease  as  I  have  done, 
then  let  him  come  and  attack  the  Ethiopians  and  bring 
more  troops  with  him  than  Cambyses  is  master  of." 
The  answer  was  received  by  the  Persian  king  with  an- 
ger and  he  marched  his  army  immediately,  without  pre- 
paration or  provision  for  such  an  expedition.  As  soon 
as  he  reached  Thebes,  in  Upper  Egypt,  he  ordered 
50,000  men  against  the  Ammonians,  ordering  them  to 
ravage  the  country,  and  destroy  the  Temple  of  Jupiter 
Amnion,  which  was  situated  there.  But,  after  many 
days'  march  in  the  desert,  the  wind  from  the  south  blew 
violently,  and  overwhelmed  many  of  his  men  with 
sand.  The  Persians  were  destitute  of  provisions,  but 
like,  a  madman,  he  marched  onward.  He  had  still 
time  to  mend  the  evil  by  returning,  but  he  stubbornly 
proceeded  on  his  march.  His  army  was  compelled  to 
live  on  roots  and  leaves  of  trees.  Soon  they  could  not 
get  that,  and  then  ate  their  beasts  of  burden ;  and  then, 
every  tenth  man  was  doomed  to  serve  as  food  for  the 
others.  And  yet  he  marched  on.  At  length  he  became 
afraid  for  his  own  person;  he  ordered  the  army  to  re- 
turn. All  this  time  he  lived  sumptuously,  and  the 
camels  for  his  use  were  spared.  The  remainder  of  the 
army,  not  half  of  them,  he  brought  back  to  Thebes. 
From  Thebes  he  went  to  Memphis.  But  before  he 
went  to  Memphis  he  destroyed  their  temples,  which 
were  very  rich  ;  he  pillaged  them,  and  then  set  them 
on  fire.  He  took  over  ^4,563,000  in  gold  and  silver. 
He  also  carried  away  the  famous  circle  of  gold  that 
surrrounded  the  tomb  of  Osymandyas,  king.  This 
circle  was  365  cubits  in  circumference,  and  on  it  were 
represented  the  several  constellations  and  their  mo- 
tions. When  at  Memphis,  he  dismissed  all  the 
Greeks.  On  his  return  to  this  city,  he  found  it  full  of 
rejoicings.  He  flew  in  a  rage,  thinking  that  they  were 
rejoicing  on  account  of  his  unfortunate  expedition  to 
Africa.  He  called  the  magistrates  together,  but 
would  not  believe  them,  and  caused  them  to  be  put  to 


68  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

death.  The  priests  worshiped  a  calf,  and  called  it  the 
god  Apis.  He  called  them  together,  and  they  brought 
the  calf  to  him,  and  he  drew  his  dagger  and  stabbed 
the  calf  in  the  thigh.  He  ordered  the  priests  to  be 
severely  scourged,  and  all  who  celebrated  the  feast  of 
Apis  afterwards  should  be  slain. 

After  reading  the  last  page,  the  person  who  reads  it 
can  have  an  idea  of  aristocracy.  But  the  aristocrat  of 
the  present  day  will  tell  you  that  is  fiction,  that  it  nev- 
er happened.  Look  in  Rollin's  history  of  Cambyses. 
Can  you  think  for  a  moment  that  man  is  degenerating, 
as  the  aristocracy  say  he  is  ?  Can  you  show  such  bar- 
barism at  this  day,  even  among  the  most  barbarous  na- 
tions ?  And  this  was  in  the  most  advanced  nations. 
What  will  you  say  of  a  man  who  says  we  are  not  pro- 
gressing ?  Compare  the  best  people  of  that  age  with 
the  best  people  of  this  age,  and  then  say  what  you 
think  of  the  sawney  who  says  we  are  going  back  to 
barbarism.  We  must  say  that,  bad  as  the  world  is  to- 
day, it  certainly  was  then  very  much  worse.  The  aris- 
tocracy want  the  people  to  believe  that  they  are  retro- 
ceding,  so  they,  the  people  will  have  no  courage  and 
hope  in  the  future  ;  and  then  will  not  look  out  for  their 
interest,  and  will  be  satisfied  to  be  slaves  or  serfs  for 
the  infamous  aristocracy.  We  say  to  the  workingman, 
A  better  day  is  coming  for  you.  It  is  time  that  your 
turn  comes  ;  the  bloody  thievish,  lying  and  robbing  aris- 
tocracy have  had  their  turn  too  long.  It  is  high  time 
that  we  have  honest  government.  We  say  to  the 
workingman.  Strike  for  your  rights,  do  not  say  you  can 
not  do  anything.  You  can  do  your  duty,  and  see  that 
you  do  it;  that  is,  stop  the  robbers  taking  your  honest 
toil  from  the  mouths  of  your  wives  and  children  ;  strike 
for  your  rights.  We  ask  you  again,  if  the  aristocracy 
have  not  l3ecn  always  robbers  and  thieves.  They 
drove  the  peoi:)le  to  war  with  each  other;  and  they 
robbed  and  stole  in  the  war,  and  there  is  a  great  op- 
portunity for  it  there;  then  in  the  last,  the  people,  the 
workingmcn,  had  to  )Day  the  bill,  and  not  but  few  of 
those    aristocracy    risked    themselves    in     the    battle. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  69 

They  were  at  home,  drinking  and  feasting,  and  the 
workingman  was  risking  his  life  in  the  deadly  strife  of 
war.  We  can  not  see  any  reason  that  the  working- 
man  supports  so  many  idle  aristocrats  for,  and  gives 
the  riches  of  the  country,  and  the  greatest  delicacies, 
and  the  most  costly  viands,  and  the  most  expensive 
and  luxurious  feasts  and  entertainments,  and  extrava- 
gant and  wastefnl  parties,  costing  tens  of  thousands  of 
dollars,  and  the  grandest  houses  and  the  most  magnif- 
icent furniture,  and  the  most  costly  jewels ;  and  he  re- 
serves for  himself  hard  fare  and  poor  clothes,  and 
drudges  from  early  daylight  to  evening  twilight,  with 
miserable  houses  and  furniture.  Why  he  does  that 
folly  no  one  can  tell.  The  scientists  say  that  they  sup- 
pose man  has  been  on  the  earth  100,000  years,  and 
we  are  safe  in  saying  that  all  this  long  time  the  aris- 
tocracy have  ruled  it  with  a  rod  of  iron.  It  has  been 
tyranny,  injustice,  bondage,  servitude,  no  respect  for  the 
life  and  rights  of  the  workingman  ;  and  he  has  had  a 
good  time  generally  these  100,000  years,  and  the  wiDrk- 
ingman  has  been  fool  enough  to  let  them  rule  unright- 
eously and  unmercifully,  without  sympathy  for  his 
fellow  man,  and  when  heTiad  no  right  to  rule.  Now, 
it  is  time  thajt  the  workingman  takes  the  helm  in  hand, 
it  is  his  right  and  his  turn  forever  and  ever.  Labor 
must  rule,  the  drones  must  become  extinct.  The 
workingmen  have  no  use  for  drones,  they  are  of  no 
profit.  The  workingman  is  the  only  person  who  is  a 
benefit  to  society,  he  only  is  indispensible.  The  aris- 
tocrat is  a  moth  and  corruption.  The  drone  in  a  bee 
hive  is  a  necessity  ;  the  human  drone  is  no  benefit 
whatever;  why  pet  and  keep  him  in  luxury.?  He  costs 
the  workingman  an  enormous  sum ;  besides,  he  is  a 
parvanimity,  and  he  should  have  no  heed  taken  of  him 
at  any  rate. 

Cambyses,  king  of  Persia,  had  an  only  full  brother, 
who  was  in  the  army  with  him,  and  was  the  only  per- 
son who  could  draw  the  bow  that  the  Ethiopian  king 
gave  to  Cambyses.  He  sent  him  back  to  Persia,  being 
jealous  of  him,  for  no  reason,  but  that  he  was  the  only 


70  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

man  could  draw  the  Ethiopian  bow.  Then  h' dream- 
ed that  his  brother  desired  to  be  king,  and  sent  a 
confidant  to  put  him  to  death  ;  which  he  done.  Cam- 
byses  also  married  his  sister.  The  same  brutal  crime 
was  afterwards  committed  by  his  successors,  and  some 
even  married  their  own  daughters.  Cambyses  mur- 
dered this  wife  and  sister  for  nothing.  The  sister  and 
wife  was  weeping  one  day;  she  was  obliged  to  tell 
why.  She  said  she  thought  of  her  brother,  who  was 
killed,  who  had  not  even  the  fortune  of  a  little  dog, 
that  had  just  been  rescued  from  a  young  lion  by 
another  dog.  Cambyses  kicked  her  on  the  stomach, 
and  as  she  was  in  a  delicate  situation,  she  died  of  it. 
He  caused  several  of  his  followers  to  be  burned  alive, 
and  daily  sacrificed  some  of  them  to  his  wild  fury.  He 
asked  Prexaspes  what  his  Persian  subjects  thought  of 
him.  He  had  to  tell.  He  said,  "  They  admire  many 
excellent  qualities  in  you,  but  are  mortified  at  your 
immoderate  love  of  wine."  "  I  understand  you,"  he 
said.  He  then  drank  excessively.  Then  he  ordered 
Prexaspes's  son,  who  was  chief  cup-bearer,  to  stand  up- 
right at  the  end  of  the  room,  with  his  left  hand  on  his 
head.  He  then  took  his  bow,  said  he  aimed  at  his  heart, 
let  fly,  and  shot  him  in  the  heart.  He  then  ordered  his 
side  to  be  opened,  and  showing  the  father  the  heart  of 
his  son,  which  the  arrow  had  pierced,  asked  the  father 
in  an  insultino;  and  scofifino-  manner  if  he  had  not  a 
steady  hand.  The  wretched  father  was  so  in  fear  that 
he  said  Apollo  himself  could  not  have  shot  better. 
What  a  position  for  a  father  to  be  in  !  What  dare  he 
say?  His  life  hung  on  a  thread.  Cra\sus  had  the 
imi)rudence  to  advise  Cambyses  against  his  conduct, 
which  disgusted  all.  The  king  ordered  him  to  be  put 
to  death,  but  those  who  received  the  orders  deferred 
the  execution.  He  then  ordered  them  all  to  be  put 
to  death,  but  after  was  joyful  that  Crcesus  was  alive. 
I^ut  the  brute  did  not  live  long.  When  he  was  mount- 
ing his  horse,  his  swoi'd  slipped  out  of  its  scabbard 
and  wounded  him  in  the  thigh,  from  which  he  died. 
The  Egyptians  believed  it  was  a  judgment  from  their 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  7 1 

god  Apis,  which  was  a  calf  that  Cambyses  wounded, 
and  it  died  ;  and  they  said  he  was  wounded  in  the 
same  place  the  calf  was.  See  the  superstition  !  It 
was  no  doubt  again  that  the  demon  was  dead.  Cam- 
byses was  in  Egypt,  and  had  entrusted  the  govern- 
ment to  one  of  the  chiefs  of  the  Magi.  He  had  a 
brother  like  in  looks  to  the  brother  Smerdes,  of  Cam- 
byses, and  he  persuaded  him  to  take  the  reins  of  gov- 
ernment in  his  hands,  as  the  brother  of  the  same  name 
as  Cambyses'  brother,  whom  the  king  had  ordered  to 
be  killed.  When  the  king  returned  from  Egypt,  he 
learned  that  the  usurper  was  not  his  brother.  He 
then  made  preparations  to  cut  off  the  usurper.  And 
then  the  accident  occurred,  as  has  been  stated,  and 
caused  the  death  of  Cambyses.  Then  seven  of  the 
Persian  nobility  entered  into  a  conspiracy  to  over- 
throw the  usurper.  They  went  to  the  palace  and 
killed  the  usurper,  and  cut  off  his  head  and  exposed  it 
to  the  people,  and  the  head  of  his  brother.  Then  the 
people  were  enraged,  and  slew  as  many  as  they  could 
find  of  the  friends  of  the  usurper.  The  seven  who 
overthrew  the  usurper  then  took  it  upon  themselves 
to  establish  a  government.  And  then  a  democratic 
form  of  government  was  proposed  by  one  of  them, 
by  another  an  aristocracy,  by  another  a  monarchy. 
Leaving  it  to  a  vote,  it  was  decided  to  have  a  mon- 
archy. Then  they  agreed  that  ali  seven  should  meet 
at  a  certain  place,  and  he  whose  horse  neighed  first 
should  be  kins;.  Darius's  Qrroom  took  a  mare  the 
night  before  the  meeting  to  the  place  of  meeting.  In 
the  morning  when  they  met,  the  horse  came  to  the 
place  the  mare  had  been.  He  neighed,  and  Darius 
was  proclaimed  king.  The  Persians  ranked  the  king 
next  to  the  Deity.  So  it  has  always  been  with  the 
barbarians.  They  were  man-worshipers,  and  in  all 
cases  obeyed  anything  the  king  ordered. 

It  is  being  played  out.  Who  can  say  that  man  is 
not  progressing  ?  None  but  knaves  and  fools.  The 
Persians  were  trained  to  war.  In  reading  the  history 
of  ancient  nations,  you  will  see  that  the  most  of  their 


72  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

occupation  was  war.  Their  arms  were  a  dagger,  a 
javelin — some  carried  two  javelins — the  bow  and  quiv- 
er; some  nations  carried  slings,  some  had  helmets  on 
their  caps  ;  others,  on  foot,  mostly  wore  cuirasses  made 
of  brass.  The  horses  had  their  faces,  legs,  and  flanks 
covered  with  brass.  They  had  shields  of  brass  of  great 
length.  They  depended  on  chariots  armed  with  scythes; 
these  were  heavy,  two  wheels  only,  drawn  by  four 
horses  abreast,  and  they  had  a  spear  in  front,  and 
knives  behind,  to  prevent  from  attacking  from  behind. 
These  were  used  for  many  ages  in  their  armies,  and 
were  their  great  dependence,  and,  no  doubt,  they  were 
destructive  engines,  so  you  see.  In  Babylon  they  had 
an  annual  festival,  celebrated  in  honor  of  Venus.  The 
festival  was  authorized  by  law,  and  it  was  a  place  of 
debauchery  and  promiscuous  licentiousness.  By  their 
laws  they  were  allowed  to  marry  their  sisters.  And 
the  mother  of  Antaxerxes  advised  the  king,  her  son,  to 
marry  his  daughter.  Alexander  the  Great,  who  con- 
quered Persia,  made  a  law  to  suppress  it.  The  Per- 
sians were  well  educated,  and  it  was  regulated  by  the 
magistrates.  But,  no  doubt,  it  was  confined  to  the  rich 
and  officers;  and  education,  bear  in  mind,  is  not 
morality,  which  they  scarcely  have  an  idea  of.  The 
Persian  kings  were  exceedingly  wealthy.  They  taxed 
the  people  in  various  ways,  not  only  in  money,  gold 
and  silver,  but  in  the  different  kinds  of  grain  and  wear- 
ing apparel,  if  they  wanted  it  for  soldiers  ;  no  doubt 
much  of  the  soldiers'  clothing  came  by  taxation.  They 
carried  their  wives  with  them  to  the  wars,  and  it  must 
have  been  a  numerous  retinue,  as  the  kings  at  that 
time  had  hundreds,  and  some  thousands,  of  wives. 
They  had  vessels  of  gold  and  silver  without  number. 
Those  are  the  very  words  of  the  historian  Rollin.  But 
luxury,  no  doubt,  was  great  among  the  Persians ;  it 
began  first  at  court,  then  spread  to  the  cities,  and  ul- 
timately was  a  universal  thing. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  73 

CHAPTER  V. 

IMMORALITY  AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY. 

The  recfder  cannot  help  but  notice  the  iniquity,  deg- 
radation, and  utter  immorality  of  the  kings  of  the  Per- 
sian Empire  ;  and  we  desire  that  he  compare  it  with 
the  condition  of  the  countries  of  the  present  day,  and 
then  judge  if  the  people  of  this  generation  have  made 
any  progress.  The  fanatic  and  aristocrat  will  say  there 
is  no  progress  in  the  people,  because  it  is  for  their  in- 
terest to  say  so;  for  if  the  people  remain  ignorant  and 
immoral  they  can  rob,  steal,  and  plunder,  and  pull  the 
veil  over  their  eyes,  and  rule  them,  and  the  simpletons 
will  not  know  it;  they  have  4,000,000  now  that  are  com- 
pletely under  their  control,  so  much  so  that  they  be- 
lieve all  they  say  and  do  is  right,  and  any  clap-trap 
phrase  they  say,  they,  the  4.  m.  m.  will  reiterate,  and  most 
of  the  4,000,000.  Hereafter  we  will  use  4.  m.  m.  for 
4,000,000.  The  aristocracy  are  Machiavelian,  using 
craft  and  cunning  in  their  deal  with  the  people;  their 
word  is  unreliable,  and  deception,  and  duplicity,  and 
deceit  is  the  character  of  the  class.  Why  have  man- 
kind been  hoodwinked,  beguiled,  and  entrapped,  and 
ensnared  by  their  demoniac  wiles  for  such  a  long  du- 
ration, who  can  tell.''  They  have  lived  off  of  the  labor 
of  the  working  man  for  hundreds  of  ages,  without  giv- 
ing any  remuneration.  Such  stealth  and  robbery,  such 
injustice  and  iniquity,  should  be  repressed.  Labor 
should  have  its  reward,  not  part  of  it  but  all  of  it,  and 
the  workino'  man  should  rule  the  world.  What  say 
you,  working  man  ?  Will  you  endeavor  to  get  your 
rights,  or  will  you  be  willing  slaves,  as  your  forefathers 
have  always  been  ?  We  desire  to  see  the  working- 
men  have  their  rights,  and  are  satisfied  that  in  time 
they  will  demand  and  obtain  them.  If  they  demand, 
they  certainly  will  have  justice  done  them.  Try.  But, 
says  the  faint  heart.  What  can  I  do  .f*  We  say  again. 
Do  your  duty  each  individually,  and  unite,  and  you  will 
succeed.     First,  you  must  see  and  feel  the  degrada- 


74  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

tion  and  servility  of  submitting  to  be  robbed,  and  su- 
pinely submit;  next  you  must  abhor  and  detest  to  the 
bottom  of  your  soul  the  character  that  robs  you  ;  then 
you  must  act  to  remedy  the  nefarious  evil.  He  who 
is  robbed  and  does  not  resent  it,  is  a  base  artd  ignoble 
wretch,  a  vile  and  ignominious  reptile,  and  we  pity  his 
disgraceful  soul,  he  will  die  in  ignominy.  He  is  an  ac- 
complice of  the  4.m.  m.  in  robbing,  lying,  and  plunder- 
insj. 

The  Persian  Empire  had  great  power,  and  was  in 
its  greatest  splendor  in  the  reign  of  Cyrus ;  but  in  the 
latter  part  of  his  reign  it  began  to  show  signs  of  declen- 
sion ;  the  aristocracy  began  to  be  extravagant,  proud, 
and  haughty,  the  king  behaved  less  kindly  to  the  com- 
mon class,  and  the  adoration,  such  as  bending  of  the 
knee  and  prostration  in  most  cases.  They  had  a  law 
that  no  person  should  go  before  the  king,  unless  he 
prostrated  himself.  It  appears  that  Cyrus  at  first  did 
not  exact  it,  but  he  secured  the  servile  homage  by 
stratagem.  He  procured  a  few  persons  to  prostrate 
themselves  before  him,  and  others  followed  the  slavish 
example;  and  the  whole  environments  of  the  court  had 
an  appearance  of  luxury  and  pomp,  which  was  differ- 
ent from  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Cyrus.  The 
expenses  and  extravagance  were  everywhere  visible. 
And  that  was  the  be2:innino:  of  the  end  of  the  Persian 
Empire,  at  any  rate  its  power  :  and  another  cause  of 
the  decline  of  the  Empire  was,  they  had  no  respect 
for  their  word  or  oath.  Treaties  that  they  had  enter- 
ed into  were  violated,  when  it  was  for  their  interest 
to  do  so;  and  double  dealing,  and  treachery,  and 
deceit,  and  everything  was  sacrificed  to  the  humor  of 
the  king.  Cyrus  was  a  bigoted  pagan ;  he  was  a  pet  of 
Rollin,  but  we  think  in  the  end  his  opinion  of  him 
was  not  so  elevated  as  at  first.  All  those  ancient 
kings,  or  nearly  all,  were  tyrants  of  the  blackest  dye; 
war  and  destruction,  pillage  and  plunder,  was  their 
programme,  and  it  was  seldom  that  they  departed  from 
their  rule.  Eor  the  present  we  have  said  enough  of 
lY'rsia.     We  will    descant  some  on    the   acts    of    the 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  75 

Grecian  States,  and  we  are  pleased  to  get  out  of  the 
slime  and  slum,  blood  and  treachery,  of  Persia.  Now 
we  can  see  that  the  twilight  of  a  future  day  is  visi- 
ble. Aurora  is  appearing,  progress  can  be  espied  in 
little  Greece  ;  although  she  is  not  as  perfect  as  the 
fanatic  would  like  to  see  her,  she  shows  much  pro- 
gress ;  although  she  is  far  behind  some  people  of  the 
present  day,  she  is  far  ahead  of  the  nations  of  her 
times.  She  was  in  advance  of  all  her  contemporaries 
in  arts  and  sciences,  in  law,  and  the  glory  of  her  arms. 
And  in  some  respects  she  has  been  the  teacher  of 
mankind.  We  say,  May  the  Creator  bless  her  for  what 
she  has  done,  which  is  much  good,  and  advance  again 
in  learning,  science,  laws,  knowledge  and  everything 
that  will  conduce  to  her  happiness  and  prosperity. 

Greece  was  divided  into  several  different  states, 
and  they  nearly  all  established  Republican  govern- 
ment. Rollin  says  that  the  primordial  form  of  Gov- 
ernment is  monarchy,  or  was  the  form  of  all  the  Gre- 
cian States.  He  says  it  was  the  most  ancient  of  all- 
forms,  and  the  most  universally  received  and  estab- 
lished, the  most  proper  to  maintain  peace  and  con- 
cord; and  he  gives  Plato's  opinion.  Now  Rollin  did 
not  know  anything  about  republicanism.  It  had  not 
been  tried,  and  he  talks  of  the  peace  and  concord  of 
monarchy,  when  he  has  been  leading  us  through  blood 
and  carnage,  strife  and  contention,  murder  and  assassi- 
nation, under  monarchy,  and  yet  he  is  a  monarchist ;  if 
he  lived  today  he  would  be  for  monarchy,  he  would  be 
one  of  the  4.m.m.  if  he  lived  here.  Greece  establish- 
ed a  republican  form  of  government,  and  they  did 
not  succeed  well.  But  he  must  be  a  ninny  who  would 
suppose  that  they  would  jump  from  monarchy  into 
the  form  of  a  perfect  republic  in  one  leap.  We  also 
must  think  and  weigh  the  matter,  that  the  people  were 
barbarous  in  that  age;  think  of  what  you  have  read 
for  twenty  or  more  pages.  And  we  are  willing  and 
desirous  that  comparisons  shall  be  made.  Rollin  says 
the  Greeks  were  the  most  advanced  in  laws,  science, 
arts,  and  the  worst  of  all  the  art  of  war;  and  we  ven- 


76  THE  workingman's  guide. 

ture  to  predict  that  the  Greek  repubHc  exhibited  bet- 
ter government,  in  the  first  experiment  of  liberal  gov- 
ernment, than  the  bloody  monarchists.  But  a  king 
or  one  in  favor  of  a  king  would  be  in  favor  of  kings, 
if  they,  the  kings  destroyed  every  vestige  ot  progress 
and  civilization,  burned  every  city  on  the  earth  and 
every  habitation,  and  murdered  every  man,  woman  and 
child,  and  fell  on  one  another  like  Persian  soldiers 
that  sprang  from  the  dragon's  teeth,  but  left  one  king. 
That  king  would  be  in  favor  of  monarchy,  to  the  end 
of  his  days,  if  he  lived  alone  fifty  years  on  the  earth. 
Death  is  the  great  leveler,  and  every  generation  there 
will  generally  be  less  aristocrats.  The  reason  of  that 
is,  that  the  people  are  growing  more  intelligent,  and 
see  that  this  robbing,  lying,  stealing,  warring,  blood- 
thirsty, barbarous  aristocracy  will  not  do,  and  they  will 
look  for  more  reasonable  and  honest  quarters,  and  the 
people  will  see  that  these  drones,  (which  are  of  no 
benefit,  but  only  a  moth  and  corruption)  cost  an  im- 
mense sum  yearly,  and  are  making  them  continually 
poor  indeed. 

The  Spartan  government  was  established  by  Ly- 
curgus.  He  endeavored  to  form  a  Republican  gov- 
ernment, but  it  was  the  beginning  of  a  republic. 
Many  of  the  laws  were  not  Republican,  such  as  the 
first,  dividing  the  land  among  a  certain  number  of 
people.  In  the  first,  the  land  was  taken  from  the  own- 
ers and  divided  into  thirty  thousand  parts,  which  he 
distributed  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  country;  and 
the  territories  of  Sparta  into  nine  thousand  parts, 
which  he  distributed  among  an  equal  number  of  citi- 
zens. He  abolished  gold  and  silver  as  money,  and  sub- 
stituted iron  as  money;  and  he  also  established  eating 
houses,  and  all  men,  women,  and  children  took  their 
meals  at  these  houses.  The  rich  were  highly  exasper- 
ated at  such  a  law.  The  tables  consisted  of  about 
fifteen  jjersons  eacli,  and  no  one  could  be  admitted 
without  the  consent  of  all.  Each  person  furnished 
every  month  a  bushel  of  fiour,  eight  measures  of  wine, 
five  pounds  of  cheese,  two  and  a  half  pounds  of  figs, 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  77 

and  a  small  sum  of  money  for  preparing  and  cooking 
the  food.  The  great  business  of  these  barbarians  was 
to  prepare  themselves  for  war.  They  had  a  festival 
celebrated  in  honor  of  Diana,  where  the  children,  in 
the  presence  of  their  parents,  suffered  themselves  to 
be  whipped  till  the  blood  ran  down  upon  the  altar  of 
the  cruel  goddess.  And  sometimes  they  died  under 
the  strokes,  and  without  uttering  the  least  cry,  or  so 
much  as  a  groan  or  sigh ;  and  even  their  fathers,  when 
they  saw  them  covered  with  blood  and  wounds  and 
ready  to  expire,  exhorted  them  to  persevere  to  the  end 
with  constancy  and  resolution.  Plutarch  assures  us 
that  he  has  seen  with  his  own  eyes  a  great  many  chil- 
dren lose  their  lives  at  the  celebration  of  these  cruel 
rites.  These  nine  last  lines  we  have  taken  in  the  lan- 
guage of  the  author,  RoUin.  O,  horror  of  horrors, 
can  it  be  possible  that  such  work  has  been  done  by 
human  beings  !  No  ;  they  were  infernal  demons  ;  and 
done  in  the  name  of  God.  This  Diana  was  an  imag- 
inary goddess  of  hunting,  chastity,  and  marriage.  It 
appears  the  pagans  had  more  zeal  than  the  Christians 
of  today.  Who  will  now  say  that  we  have  not  pro- 
gressed ?  What  will  the  smarty  now  say  who  said  man 
is  a  failure  ?  We  think  man  has  since  improved  won- 
derfully;  such  diabolical  demonry  would  be  tolerated 
nowhere  on  this  side  of  Tartarus.  Lycurgus  was  se- 
vere on  the  aristocracy — to  take  their  lands  and  make 
them  eat  plain  food  at  the  eating  houses.  The  Spar- 
tans were  a  virtuous  people,  but  they,  in  those  days,  in 
many  things,  did  not  know  right  from  wrong,  and 
many  of  their  practices  were  made  necessary  by  the 
surrounding  country  ;  and  so  it  was  with  war — most  of 
their  work  was  preparing  for  war.  What  an  immense 
expense  that  preparation  was  to  them  ;  but  it  was  most 
all  in  time,  for  little  money  was  used,  as  their  money 
was  made  of  iron.  RoUin  calls  this  country  a  republic, 
but  it  was  but  the  shadow  of  such  government.  It 
was  the  beginning  of  Republicanism;  it  was  but  the 
inception  ;  it  had  much  room  to  grow,  but  they  had  the 
virtue  and  wisdom  to  institute  an  honest  government, 


78  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

which  no  nation  of  that  period  had  the  ingredients.  It 
takes  honest  people  to  estabHsh  a  Republican  form, 
that  is,  a  pure  and  upright  one.  They  did  as  well  as 
could  he  done  in  that  day.  They  did  not  murder  and 
torture  the  prisoners  they  took ;  their  rule  was  to  kill 
none  but  those  that  resisted.  All  Greece  followed  the 
example  of  Sparta.  The  government  that  Lycurgus 
established  lasted  over  five  hundred  years,  and  they 
were  virtuous  and  honest,  and  it  was  all  done  by  reason 
and  sense;  and  why  cannot  the  world  follow  in  that 
track  1  The  world  is  going  back  just  now,  and  the  ar- 
istocracy are  doing  it;  they  are  preaching  the  doc- 
trine that  the  world  is  going  back  into  barbarism.  The 
aristocracy  will  be  punished  at  some  future  day  for 
the  evil  they  have  done  to  the  morals  of  the  country. 
We  have  noticed  their  crimes  several  times,  and  shall 
prove  them  all  after  a  little  time.  The  reader  can  see 
by  the  last  few  chapters  that  they  have  no  souls. 
Sparta  was  part  aristocracy,  so  Rollin  says,  and  you 
see  their  elevation  when  compared  with  other  nations. 
Virtuous  and  honest,  no  murder  in  war,  no  assassin- 
ating to  get  power.  In  fact,  it  was  quite  a  different 
people  from  those  we  have  noticed.  Their  worst  fea- 
ture was  their  religion,  and  that  then  was  the  religion 
of  the  world ;  they  knew  of  no  other.  The  Grecians 
were  a  moral  people.  It  looks  strange  for  a  country 
surrounded  by  assassins,  robbers,  and  thieves,  to  be 
moVal  and  truthful,  and  no  other  country  followmg 
their  example.  They  always  made  it  a  rule  to  respect 
old  age.  This  country  has  little  respect  for  old  age. 
It  was  said  of  Sparta,  that  it  was  an  agreeable 
thing  to  grow  old  in  that  city.  Greece  at  this  time 
held  many  slaves ;  they  were  called  helots,  and  did 
nearly  all  the  manufacturing. 

We  shall  Qrive  the  names  of  the  wise  men  of  Greece. 
First,  Thalcs,  second,  Solon,  third,  Chilo,  Fourth,  Pit- 
tacus,  fifth  i)ias,  sixth,  Cleobulus,  seventh,  Periander. 
These  were  called  the  seven  wise  men  of  Greece.  But 
we  will  give  a  few  more  who  were  renowned.  Ana- 
charsis,  /I^^sop.      It  was  with  Greece  as  it  is  with  great 


IMMORALIIY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  79 

But  few  are  born  in  a  century.  So  with  na- 
tions ;  but  few  rise,  perhaps  but  few  in  years,  that  are 
virtuous,  honest  and  truthful.  But  the  time  will  come 
when  they  will  all  be  so.  We  can  see  progress  in  na- 
tions, and  see  it  in  everything.  What  Greece  has 
done,  others  can  do  ;  why  not  try  ?  Workingmen,  the 
task  is  left  for  you.  Undertake  it;  we  will  warrant 
you  success.  Your  greatest  enemy  is  aristocracy. 
Hamstring  them,  and  the  work  is  easily  done.  After 
we  have  proved  to  you  their  true  character,  you  will 
abhor  and  detest  them.  Then  you  will  do  as  the  honey 
bee  does  to  the  drone.  We  will  advise  you  how  to 
proceed.  The  revolt  of  Babylon  happened  in  the 
reign  of  Darius,  and  it  took  a  siege  of  twenty  months 
to  reduce  it.  A  revolution  took  place  in  Persia.  The 
Babylonians  then  prepared  for  war;  then  they  rebelled. 
They  had  laid  up  provisions  for  years.  Darius  brought 
a  great  force  against  the  city.  Then  they  destroyed 
their  own  people.  They  strangled  the  women  and 
children  they  did  not  absolutely  need.  Darius  made 
use  of  every  stratagem  ;  even  turned  the  course  of  the 
river,  as  Cyrus  did,  when  he  took  the  city ;  but  it  was 
of  no  avail.  But  a  base  stratagem  succeeded.  A  man 
by  the  name  of  Zopyrus,  with  his  nose  and  ears  cut 
off,  appeared  to  the  king.  It  was  then  agreed  between 
him  and  the  king  that  Zopyrus  should  desert  to  the 
Babylonians,  as  bloody  as  he  was,  and  tell  the  enemy 
that  Darius  had  mutilated  him,  because  he  was  against 
besieging  the  city  longer,  as  it  was  impossible  to  re- 
duce it.  The  scheme  took,  and  they  gave  him  a  small 
army  to  command,  one  thousand  men.  He  sallied  out 
against  the  Persians,  and  cut  off  one  thousand  men  ;  a 
few  days  after,  he  killed  two  thousand,  and  a  few  days 
after,  four  thousand  men.  This  had  been  agreed  upon 
between  him  and  Darius,  the  king.  Then  the  Baby- 
lonians made  Zopyrus  generalissimo.  He,  then,  at 
some  sign,  opened  the  gates  and  let  the  Persians  in 
the  city,  and  it  fell  an  easy  prey  to  the  Persians.  Da- 
rius settled  the  whole  revenue  of  the  city  for  his  life- 
time on  Zopyrus.  In  that  manner,  Darius  took  the 
city. 


So  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

No  sooner  was  Darius  in  possession  of  the  city,  than 
he  ordered  the  one  hundred  gates  pulled  down,  and 
all  the  walls  of  that  proud  city  to  be  entirely  destroyed. 
He  caused  three  thousand  of  the  leaders  to  be  horribly 
put  to  death  by  impaling  them.  (The  inhuman  wretch  !) 
Rollin  says  that  he  had  the  right,  as  conqueror,  to  ex- 
terminate them  all.  Notice  the  inhuman  idea.  It  ap- 
pears that  we  have  progressed  in  morals.  Then  Darius 
made  great  preparations  for  war  against  the  Scythians. 
They  had  a  fertile  tract  of  land,  His  excuse  was:  the 
Scythians  had,  or  their  ancestors  had,  made  war  against 
Asia  one  hundred  and  twenty  years  before.  While 
the  Scythians  were  employed  in  that  war,  their  wives 
married  their  slaves.  When  the  men  returned,  the 
slaves  went  out  to  meet  them,  with  a  large  army  ;  and 
some  battles  were  fought,  without  either  gaining  the 
advantage.  The  masters  in  the  next  meeting  came 
with  whips  in  their  hands,  and  that  made  the  slaves 
run  away.  The  Scythians  cut  the  throats  of  all  the 
strangers  that  came  into  their  country,  fed  on  their 
flesh,  and  made  pots  and  drinking  vessels  of  their 
skulls.  They  offered  human  sacrifices  to  their  god 
Mars.  When  they  buried  the  king,  one  of  his  wives 
was  interred  with  him ;  also  his  chief  cup-bearer,  his 
chamberlain,  his  master  of  liorse,  his  chancellor,  secre- 
tary of  state.  They  were  all  put  to  death  and  buried 
together.  Darius  was  requested  by  an  old  man,  who 
had  three  sons  that  were  going  to  the  war,  that  he 
would  let  one  of  them  stay  at  home  to  take  care  of 
him.  You  shall  have  all  three  of  them,  Darius  said, 
and  caused  all  three  of  them  to  be  killed.  What  bar- 
barity! No  such  deed  is  done  in  these  days.  Progress 
is  visible.  The  king  then  went  to  invade  the  Scythi- 
ans, who  had  no  wealtli.  They  lived  on  m//^  only  ; 
had  no  arts,  nor  sciences,  nor  manufactures,  but  dressed 
in  the  skins  of  animals.  'J'he  army  of  Darius  was  seven 
hundred  thousand,  and  a  fleet  of  six  hundred  ships.  The 
Scythians  sent  theirstock  of  animals  and  wives  and  chil- 
dren north,  out  of  reach  of  the  invaders.  When  Da- 
rius entered  their  country,  they   came  near  the   Per- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  8 1 

sians,  but  did  not  "give  battle,  but  led  them  into  des- 
erts and  barren  places,  and  the  Persians  were  worn 
out  traveling,  and  famine  and  starvation  reduced  their 
army.  So  Darius  concluded  to  go  back,  and  the  Scyth- 
ians were  free  from  the  great  army  of  Darius,  which 
was  greatly  reduced,  like  Bonaparte's  army  in  Russia. 
This  took  place  about  500  b.  c.  Darius  was  in  war 
continually.  He  conquered  India,  but  we  have  little 
account  of  the  war.  It  was  the  twentieth  province  of 
the  Persian  empire.  He  burned  the  city  of  Sardis. 
Nothing  was  left  of  the  city.  The  temple  Cybele,  the 
goddess  of  that  country,  was  consumed  with  the  rest 
of  the  city.  After  this,  the  city  of  Miletus  was  be- 
sieged and  conquered,  and  utterly  destroyed.  The 
finest  of  the  young  men  were  taken  as  servants  in  the 
king's  palace,  and  the  young  women  were  all  sent  to 
Persia.  The  cities  and  temples  were  reduced  to  ashes. 
We,  by  comparison,  can  plainly  perceive  that  there 
has  been  great  progress  made  in  the  morals  of  the 
people  of  this  day.  No  such  infamous  work  would  be 
tolerated  in  this  age.  Rollin  says,  they  look  on  jus- 
tice, probity,  and  sincerity  as  mere  empty  names,  and 
make  no  scruple  to  employ  lying  or  fraud,  treachery, 
or  even  perjury,  if  it  serve  their  interests.  The  march 
is  onward  and  upward.  Darius  next  invaded  Greece, 
and  sent  his  Qrenerals  as^ainst  it.  Their  instructions 
were  to  plunder  Etruria  and  Athens,  to  burn  all  the 
houses  and  temples.  They  set  sail  with  six  hundred 
ships  and  an  army  of  500,000  men.  They  took  Uboea, 
which  they  took  in  a  siege  of  seven  days  by  the  treach- 
ery of  one  of  the  principal  inhabitants,  and  burnt  it 
entirely  to  ashes.  They  put  the  inhabitants  in  chains, 
and  sent  them  to  Persia.  A  great  battle  was  fought, 
in  which  the  Athenians  armed  their  slaves.  The  Athe- 
nians had  but  ten  thousand  men,  the  Persian  army  one 
hundred  thousand  foot,  and  ten  thousand  horse.  The 
Athenians  chose  their  position  at  the  foot  of  a  moun- 
tain, and  fortified  their  flank  with  large  trees.  The 
Persians  were  utterly  defeated,  with  a  loss  of  six  thou- 
sand men.     The  Athenians  lost  about   two  hundred. 


82  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

The  historian  Rollin  says,  although  "this  looks  unrea- 
sonable, it  is  certainly  true.  After  Miltiades  gained 
this  battle,  he  was  engaged  in  a  naval  engagement,  in 
which  he  was  not  fortunate.  When  he  returned  to 
Athens  he  was  arraigned  for  treachery,  and  condemned 
to  be  executed  by  being  thrown  into  a  place  where  the 
greatest  criminals  were  thrown.  The  magistrate  op- 
posed the  unjust  sentence,  and  it  was  commuted  to  a 
fine  of  fifty  talents,  or  about  forty-three  thousand  dol- 
lars. As  he  did  not  have  the  money,  he  was  thrown 
in  prison,  where  he  died.  So  you  see  that  barbarians 
cannot  do  justice  to  an  honest  and  innocent  man. 
You  cannot  trust  a  heathen  nor  aristocrat.  The  Athe- 
nians also  proved  their  base  immorality  and  ingrati- 
tude by  banishing  Aristides.  He  was  inviolably  at- 
tached to  justice,  so  that  he  was  called  The  Just.  He 
opposed  an  unjust  and  treacherous  person  who  was 
very  eloquent.  His  name  was  Themistocles.  This 
man,  this  venal  knave,  had  Aristides  arrested  for  some 
offense  of  his  fancy,  and  by  his  eloquence  had  him 
banished  by  a  vote  of  the  people.  This  proves  the  in- 
gratitude of  the  barbarians  to  their  best  men.  Darius 
received  the  news  of  his  army's  defeat  at  Marathon 
with  violent  anger,  and  ordered  the  war  carried  on 
with  greater  vigor,  and  he  then  I'esolved  to  attend  the 
expedition  in  person.  He  ordered  his  men  in  all  the 
provinces  to  arm  themselves.  He  spent  three  years  in 
preparing.  He  had  also  another  war  at  the  same  time 
with  Egypt,  and  his  death  prevented  the  war  for  a  short 
time  ;  but  in  two  years  Xerxes  invaded  Egypt  in  person. 
He  also  confirmed  to  the  Jews  at  Jerusalem  all  the  rights 
they  were  granted  ;  and  one  thing  we  are  particularly 
impressed  with,  the  Samarians  ;  that  they  were  to  sup- 
ply the  victims  for  the  temple  of  God.  Xerxes 
marched  against  the  I\gyptians  in  the  second  year  of 
his  reign.  He  marched  himself  in  person,  and  he  de- 
feated them.  He  made  the  yoke  of  their  subjection 
more  intolerable.  Then  he  gfave  the  gfovernment  of 
the  country,  that  is  J{gypt,  to  his  brother.  Xerxes 
takes  the  opinions  of  liis  i)rincipal  officers,  but  it  was 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  83 

of  no  use  to  ask  advice,  for  when  he  had  his  mind 
made  up  it  was  irrevocable.  We  will  have  more  to 
say  of  his  expedition  into  Greece  than  of  others  gen- 
erally. It  was  the  largest  army,  no  doubt,  ever  collect- 
ed in  one  mass,  and  we  shall  give  our  opinion,  and 
you  will,  of  course,  take  it  for  what  it  its  worth.  You 
must  have  an  opinion  of  your  own,  or  you  are  an  aris- 
tocrat too — a  mere  machine  run  by  a  drone.  We  shall 
endeavor  to  tell  the  facts  in  all  cases ;  so  be  careful, 
and  do  not  condemn  too  hastily,  as  that  would  likely 
lead  you  into  error.  We  intend  to  have  no  errors  in 
the  reasoning  of  this  argument,  and  the  historical  parts 
we  give  as  we  find  them  from  good  authority ;  but  ex- 
amine closely,  and  have  your  own  opinion.  We  will 
say  in  advance,  that  this  Xerxes  was  the  greatest  or 
least  fool  that  we  have  yet  found.  He  wept  that  his 
army  all  would  be  dead  in  one  hundred  years.  His 
father  and  grandfather  had  conquered  many  provinces, 
and  he  was  king  of  a  vast  empire. 

People  generally  have  the  opinion  that  the  powerful 
and  wealthy  are  intelligent  and  great ;  but  do  not 
harbor  such  an  idea  for  a  moment.  They,  for  their  ad- 
vantages, they  are  the  most  vicious  and  ignorant  class 
in  a  country.  They  are  a  damage  to  their  fellow  citi- 
zens, a  bane  to  society  ;  and  in  every  country  they  have 
a  horde  of  serfs  and  parasites  to  do  their  dirty  work. 
Stand  on  your  own  bottom  ;  such  a  king  as  Xerxes 
was,  we  hope  will  never  be  again.  When  Artebanes 
advised  him  not  to  go  to  war  he  was  angry.  Mardoo- 
nius  was  a  man  for  him.  He  flattered  him,  and  coun- 
seled him  to  go  to  war,  and  that  was  what  he  would 
do  at  any  rate.  So  he  went  himself  with  the  army. 
So  to  assist  him  in  his  nefarious  undertaking,  he  made 
a  treaty  with  the  Carthagenians,  to  attack  the  Grecian 
colonies  that  were  in  Sicily  and  Italy,  while  he  rav- 
aged Greece,  but  he  was  woefully  deceived.  According 
to  the  treaty  the  Carthagenians  subsidized  soldiers  in 
Spain,  Gaul  and  Italy,  and  in  all  raised  an  army  of 
three  hundred  thousand  soldiers,  and  many  ships,  and 
made  Amilcar  the  general  of  them.      This  was  four 


84  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

hundred  and  eighty-one  years  before  the  Christian  era. 
The  army  marched  to  Sardio  ;  he  came  to  Cet^nce. 
Pythius,  a  Phrygian,  Hved  there  ;  he  offered  to  defray  the 
expenses  of  the  expedition.  Xerxes  refused  the  offer, 
and  made  him  a  present  of  nearly  $40,000.  This 
man  had  in  gold  and  silver  by  him  $22,035,445.  This 
man  Pythius  was  a  niggardly  and  parsimonious  wretch, 
who  lived  mean  and  sparingly  in  every  way.  His  wife, 
dissatisfied  with  the  fare,  made  a  great  entertainment 
for  him  when  he  came  home,  and  the  courses  and  ser- 
vices were  nothing  but  gold  and  silver.  This  stratagem 
was  of  much  good,  as  he  afterwards  paid  more  attention 
to  agriculture,  and  less  to  mining  ;  where,  no  doubt,  he 
made  his  great  wealth.  This  same  rich  man  Pythius 
afterwards  desired  a  favor  of  him  ;  he  had  five  sons  ; 
he  asked  that  one  might  be  left  at  home,  and  not  go  to 
the  war,  to  support  and  take  care  of  him  in  his  old  age. 
Notice,  the  wretch  Xerxes  caused  the  son  to  be  killed 
before  his  eyes,  and  then  had  the  dead  body  cut  in 
two  parts  ;  he  laid  one  part  on  the  east  and  the  other 
on  the  west,  and  had  the  whole  army  pass  through  be- 
tween the  parts.  O  !  horror  of  horrors,  what  an  infer- 
nal brute  he  was.  What  candid,  honest,  and  upright, 
intelligent,  virtuous,  and  truthful  man,  will  now  say 
that  we  are  not  progressing  in  morals  and  virtue, 

Xerxes'  father  committed  an  atrocious  act,  similar 
to  the  one  just  stated.  How  can  it  be  that  men  will 
say  that  we  are  not  progressing }  Aristocrats  and  fa- 
natics are  interested  in  having  the  people  remain  in 
ignorance ;  then  they  can  keep  them  in  slavery,  as 
they  always  have  done.  We  ask  the  laboring  man  jto 
use  his  reason,  go  for  his  interest  in  all  that  is  just,  but 
if  self-interest  and  justice  are  in  opposite  scales,  decide 
and  act  with  justice;  that  will  win  in  the  long  run, 
and  it  will  be  a  continual  feast  of  joy  and  satisfaction. 
We  for  a  long  time  have  been  ruled  by  carniverous 
beasts,  in  the  shape  of  man.  Let  us  endeavor  to  make 
a  change.  It  is  easily  done.  First  we  make  up  our 
minds  to  do  a  piece  of  work;  then  it  is  jnore  than  half 
done.      \)o  lujt  say.    We  cannot  do  anything  that  suits 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  85 

the  aristocrats  and  fanatics  ;  but  you  must  declare  and 
determine  to  be  free.  We  are  not  free.  You  can  see 
what  evil  and  inhuman  work  the  aristocrats  have  done  ; 
what  blood  and  carnage,  what  corruption  and  cruelty, 
what  captivity,  and  carvincr  out  the  countries  of  other 
nations  with  the  sword.  Xerxes  arrived  at  Doriscus, 
a  city  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hebrus ;  a  place  where  the 
ships  also  anchored.  He  then  reviewed  them  both. 
He  found  his  army  to  consist  of,  land  forces  2,100,000 
men,  the  naval  force,  541,000,  all  together  2,641,010 
men  ;  and  Rollin  says  as  many  other  men,  women,  and 
children  followed,  which  he  makes  in  all,  5,283,220. 
Rollin  gives  other  authority  to  prove  that  he  is  correct. 
Such  a  vast  army  was  never  collected  together,  before 
or  since.  What  wickedness  to  compel  so  many  men 
to  go  and  kill  their  fellow  beings,  without  a  reason. 
There  was  a  monument  with  an  inscription  engraved 
on  it,  which  says  those  there  at  Thermopylae  fought 
against  3,000,000  men.  Heroditus  gives  a  particular 
account  of  the  forces ;  he  lived  in  the  same  age,  and 
he  very  likely  gave  a  true  account  of  the  number  of 
the  army  ;  he  also  gives  the  number  different  nations 
furnished.  Plutarch  and  Isocrates  also  agree  with  He- 
roditus. The  Grecians  concluded  to  meet  the  Per- 
sians in  the  Pass  of  Thermopylae.  The  Pass  was 
only  twenty-five  feet  broad.  All  the  Grecian  forces 
amounted  to  only  eleven  thousand  men,  and  four 
thousand  were  employed  to  defend  the  Pass.  A  de- 
tachment was  sent  to  take  the  Pass ;  they  were 
the  Medes ;  they  fled ;  then  the  immortal  band  of  ten 
thousand  were  sent  with  no  success.  Then  a  Grecian 
traitor  showed  the  Persians  a  secret  way,  that  com- 
manded and  overlooked  the  Spartan  forces.  Leon- 
idas,  seeing  that  their  case  was  hopeless,  sent  all  the 
troo])s  away,  but  three  hundred.  The  shock  was  vio- 
lent and  bloody.  Leonidas  was  one  of  the  first  that 
fell.  The  Spartans  were  all  killed  but  one  man,  who 
escaped  to  Sparta,  where  he  was  treated  as  a  coward. 
Xerxes  was  so  enraged  against  Leonidas  that  he  hung 
his  dead  body — a  disgraceful  act.     Some  time  after  a 


86  THE  workingman's  guide. 

monument  was  erected,  at  Thermopylae  in  honor  of 
those  brave  defenders  of  Greece,  with  suitable  inscrip- 
tion. Forty  years  after,  the  bones  of  Leonidas  were 
carried  to  Sparta.  The  Persians  had  in  this  encoun- 
ter 20,000  men  ;  19,000  of  them  he  had  buried  secretly, 
so  the  army  should  not  know  it,  but  it  was  soon  found 
out.  Xerxes  was  dismayed.  The  Athenians  deserted 
the  city — all  but  a  few^  soldiers.  Xerxes  attacked 
them,  and  killed  all  of  them,  and  then  burned  the  city. 
The  Battle  of  Salamis  soon  followed,  in  which  many 
of  the  ships  of  the  Persians  were  destroyed,  and  many 
shipw'recked  by  a  storm.  Over  200  of  the  Persian 
ships  were  destroyed.  Xerxes  resolved  to  leave 
Greece  with  his  army,  all  but  300,000  in  command  of 
Mardonius,  to  conquer  Greece.  He  marched  toward 
the  Hellespont.  They  marched  forty-five  days  with 
starvation  all  the  way,  as  no  provisions  had  been  pro- 
vided for  them.  They  lived  on  herbs,  and  the  bark 
and  leaves  of  trees.  A  great  number  died  of  sickness 
and  the  plague.  Xerxes  left  the  army,  and  hastened 
with  his  retinue  to  pass  the  bridge.  When  he  came 
there,  the  bridge  was  destroyed  by  the  violence  of  the 
waves,  and  he  had  to  pass  the  strait  in  a  fishing  boat. 
The  Grecians  took  much  rich  spoil  at  Delphi.  Next 
followed  the  battle  of  Plat^a.  The  Persian  cavalry 
attacked  the  Athenians.  The  victory  was  long  dis- 
puted. At  length,  the  horse  of  the  Persian  general 
being  wounded,  threw  his  rider,  who  was  killed.  That 
decided  the  conflict.  The  Persians  fled.  They  cut  off 
their  hair,  and  the  manes  of  their  horses  and  mules. 
The  Persians  were  utterly  defeated.  The  Athenians 
broke  into  the  Persian  camp.  Not  four  thousand  of 
the  Persian  army  escaped.  They  were  killed  and  cut 
to  pieces.  They  caused  a  statue  of  Jupiter  to  be  made 
in  honor  of  the  great  victory.  The  spoil  the  victors 
took  was  immense  in  value. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  8/ 

CHAPTER  VI. 

IMMORALITY   AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY. 

This  battle  finished  the  war.  It  was  fought  479 
years  before  Christ.  Great  ceremonies  and  many  pray- 
ers were  offered  to  their  Gods  for  delivering  them  from 
the  Persians.  These  ceremonies  were  annually  in  the 
time  of  Plutarch.  On  the  same  day  that  the  battle  of 
Plataea  was  fought,  the  Grecians  obtained  a  signal 
victory  over  the  Persian  fleet  at  or  near  Mycale.  The 
Persians  had  drawn  their  vessels  ashore  and  built  a 
rampart,  but  they  followed  them,  and  defeated  their 
land  army,  and  burnt  all  their  ships.  Xerxes,  when  he 
heard  of  these  battles  and  his  utter  defeat,  retired 
in  haste  to  Persia,  but  before  he  left  he  gave  orders  to 
burn  and  demolish  all  the  temples  in  the  Grecian  cities 
in  Asia,  and  but  one  escaped  ;  that  was  the  temple  of 
Diana  at  Ephesus.  Ostanes,  the  head  of  a  sect  called 
Magi,  attended  Xerxes  to  Greece  ;  as  he  passed  through 
Babylon  to  Susa  he  destroyed  all  the  temples  in  that 
city.  Much  treasure  was  deposited  in  those  temples; 
they  were  destroyed  and  robbed  of  their  treasure;  that 
was  the  object,  no  doubt.  What  became  of  the  vast 
army  of  Xerxes  history  does  not  inform  us.  We  can 
not  account  for  the-  loss  of  half  of  them.  How  many 
were  lost  in  their  march  of  forty-five  days,  when  they 
left  Greece,  we  have  no  clue  to ;  how  they  passed  the 
Hellespont,  the  bridge  being  broken  by  a  storm,  the 
historian  does  not  mention,  nor  does  he  say  about  how 
many  returned  to  Persia.  We  are  safe  in  concluding 
that  millions  were  killed,  drowned,  starved,  died  of  the 
plague,  etc.  What  a  stupendous  folly  this  expedition 
was!  Here  we  can  again  see  the  tyranny  of  aristocracy 
and  monarchy,  and  we  can.also  see  plainly  that  no  such 
wicked  undertaking  has  been  done  in  these  days  and 
age.  And  what  will  the  idiot  say,  who  says  we  are  not 
progressing?  And  it  looks  we  are  improving  morally. 
Notice,  reader, as  you  go  along  the  stream  of  olden  time, 
and  see  the  entire  deficiency  of  virtue.     Did  any  of 


88  THE  workingman's  guide. 

those  oldkinofs  ever  sacrifice  his  own  interests  to  hon- 
or  and  justice  ?  We  cannot  see  that  they  did.  Xerxes 
gave  up  going  to  war,  and  abandoned  himself  to  Hcen- 
tiousness,  luxury,  and  leisure,  Artibanus,  captain  of 
the  guards,  conceived  the  idea  of  being  king  himself ; 
he  murdered  the  king;  he  in  turn  was  killed  by  Arti- 
xerxes,  the  king's  eldest  son.  So  died  Xerxes  by  the 
hands  of  one  of  his  officers.  Artixerxes  then  ascend- 
ed the  throne,  and  he  discovered  the  plot  that  the  mur- 
derer of  Xerxes  had  laid  for  him,  so  he  then  killed 
Artibanus.  Artibanus  had  seven  sons  and  a  number 
of  adherentSjWho  were  resolved  to  take  revenge  on  Ar- 
tixerxes for  the  murder  of  Artibanus.  These  hostile 
factions  fought  a  bloody  battle,  in  which  many  nobles 
of  Persia  were  killed.  Artixerxes  defeated  them,  and 
then  had  all  of  them  killed  who  were  engaged  in  the 
conspiracy.  And  the  eunuch  who  turned  traitor  to  his 
father,  he  had  him  tortured  fifteen  days  ;  he  died  in 
horrible  agony.  Such  are  the  ways  of  the  nefarious 
aristocracy.  No  such  work  is  being  done  now.  What 
will  the  sawnies  say  now;  will  they  yet  say  that  we  are 
retroceding-r*  Yes,  they  will  die  for  a  lie,  when  it  is  for 
their  interest,  audit  is  to  keep  the  people  in  ignorance, 
that  is  what  the  aristocracy  are  working  for,  so  they 
can  rob  and  plunder  them.  And  this  principle  that 
the  people  are  progressing  in  morals,  tends  to  make 
them  rapidly ;  but  if  they  can  make  the  people  believe 
that  they  are  going  back  into  barbarism,  then  they  will 
make  no  resistance  to  being  robbed  and  enslaved  po- 
litically. Many  have  told  us  that  we  are  making  no 
progress,  and  going  back  in  morals.  So  the  aristoc- 
racy intend  to  carry  us  back  to  the  time  when  men 
lived  in  caves.  They  would  like  to  have  us  work  for 
nothing  and  board  ourselves.  Our  argument  is  to 
prove  that  we  are  advancing  in  everything,  and  we  are 
satisfied  that  a  demonstration  is  already  made.  But 
we  will  give  more  proof,  and  make  it  so  plain  that  any 
one  but  an  aristocrat  or  fanatic  can  see  it,  and  they 
never  will  see.  Death  will  quiet  their  opposition  to 
justice  and  lionor,  and  put  an  end  to  their  robbery  and 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  89 

plunder.  We  want  honesty  and  integrity  to  rule,  and 
then  we  will  have  honest  and  good  government ;  then 
the  aristocracy  will  become  extinct,  like  the  saurians 
of  old ;  no  fossil  will  be  left  of  them.  Not  a  trace  of 
them  will  be  left;  you  notice  that  no  monument  is  built 
to  remember  the  drone.  The  aristocrat  dies  and  is 
soon  forgotten.  Fossils  are  memorials  more  endur- 
ing than  the  pyramids  of  Egypt.  But  the  fanatics  and 
aristocrats  have  none  of  them  to  let  posterity  ages  from 
now  know  that  they  existed.  They  will  become  ex- 
tinct, not  a  vestige  will  be  left  of  them  ;  nothing,  no 
shadow  to  show  that  they  once  cumbered  the  earth, 
and  obstructed  the  march  of  progress  and  civilization. 
The  Egyptians  rebelled  against  the  Persians  and 
the  Athenians  joined  them.  Artixerxes  sent  his  broth- 
er to  reduce  them  ;  the  army  of  the  Persians  encamped 
on  the  Nile.  The  Athenians  took  or  destroyed  fifty 
of  the  ships  of  the  Persians;  then  sailed  up  the  Nile,  join- 
ed the  Egyptians,  and  engaged  and  defeated  the  Per- 
sians, and  slaughtered  100,000  men  of  their  army.  The 
war  was  continued,  and  the  Persians  were  victorious ; 
and  they  took  many  Egyptians  prisoners.  A  treaty 
was  made  that  the  lives  of  the  prisoners  should  be 
spared.  But  the  king's  mother  obtained  leave  to  have 
the  prisoners.  When  she  obtained  possession  of  them 
she  had  the  general  crucified  and  the  soldiers  behead- 
ed. Megabyzus  was  the  Persian  general  who  made 
the  treaty  with  the  Egyptians  that  no  harm  should  be 
done  to  them.  He  was  very  angry;  left  the  court  and 
raised  an  army  and  rebelled.  The  king  sent  an  army  of 
200,000  men  against  him;  they  were  defeated,  and  their 
general  wounded  and  taken  prisoner.  The  Persian 
king  sent  the  second  army;  they  also  were  defeated. 
The  king  then  made  a  treaty  with  him;  and  he  return- 
ed to  court  and  his  former  allegiance.  What  terrible 
work  these  barbarians  made.  Aristocracy  was  ram- 
pant and  bloodthirsty.  What  miserable  work  they 
made  of  government  Yet  they  will  say  that  a  liberal 
government  can  not  stand.  But  they  will  say  any- 
thing that  is  for  their  interest.  They  have  always  been 
so.   They  are  an  infamous  horde  of  robbers  and  thieves. 


go  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Mind,  we  class  aristocracy  and  monarchy  in  one  class, 
under  the  aristocracy ;  they  are  the  same,  a  brake  to 
the  march  of  civilization.  One  day,  as  they  were  hunt- 
ing a  lion,  he  reared  on  his  hinder  feet,  and  Megaby- 
zus,  seeing  the  danger  the  king  was  in,  hurled  a  dart 
at  the  lion  and  killed  him.  The  king  was  angry  that 
he  had  sent  the  first  dart,  and  ordered  his  head  to  be 
struck  off  Amytis  his  sister,  and  Amestis  his  mother, 
with  much  difficulty  persuaded  to  change  the  sen- 
tence to  banishment  for  life.  He  was  banished  to 
Cyrta,  a  city  on  the  Red  Sea.  Five  years  after  he  dis- 
guised himself  as  a  leper  and  escaped,  and  returned  to 
Susa,  and  by  the  assistance  of  his  wife  and  mother-in- 
law,  he  was  restored  to  favor.  What  can  a  sensible 
man  and  one  of  reason  and  intelligence,  think  of  such 
proceedings  as  we  have  just  related  ?  They  were  more 
like  brutes  in  their  actions,  than  like  human  beings. 
Does  it  appear  that  we  are  moving  upward  and  on- 
ward ? 

We  are  sickened  by  the  continual  accounts  of  war, 
and  jealousy  of  the  principal  men,  and  the  pains  they 
took  to  injure  each,  and  procure  the  banishment  of 
their  rivals.  Hamilcar,  the  Carthagenian  general, 
laid  siege  to  the  city  of  Himera ;  he  had  an  army  of 
300,000  men.  Gelon  hastened  to  join  the  forces  of 
the  Greeks,  who  gained  a  cohiplete  victory.  Gelon 
compelled  the  Carthagenians  to  quit  offering  children 
as  sacrifices  to  their  god,  Saturn.  The  spoils  the 
Greeks  took  from  the  Carthagenians  were  immense  ; 
they  also  took  an  incredible  number  of  prisoners,  who 
were  distributed  among  the  conquerors  as  slaves ;  sev- 
eral of  the  citizens  of  Agrigentum  had  five  hundred 
apiece.  Here  it  also  appears  progress  has  taken 
place.  What  say  you,  anti-progress  ?  But  he  will  not 
be  convinced  ;  no  one  but  Huntington  could  convince 
liiin.  That  is  the  kind  of  argument  aristocracy  gives 
in  to.  Gelon  and  Hiero  were  mild  and  kind  kings. 
Next  followed  Thrasybulus;  he  was  a  tyrant  of  tartar- 
ean  dye ;  he  treated  his  subjects  with  the  greatest  se- 
verity,  banishing  some,  and   i)uLting   to   death    many, 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  9 1 

and  confiscating  the  property  of  others.  One  thing 
you  will  notice,  the  king  has  who  he  pleases  put  to 
death,  banished  or  imprisoned,  with  impunity.  You 
see  no  such  acts  now.  Can  you  see  progress  in  mor- 
als }  But  the  stupid  dunce  can  see  no  good ;  he  looks 
on  the  dark  side  continually.  Any  good  man  can  see 
light,  but  the  evil  heart  sees  nothing  but  evil ;  he  can 
see  nothing  but  his  own  iniquity.  The  reader  will 
notice  that  occasionally  we  find  a  tolerably  good 
prince  or  king.  This  has  always  been  so  ;  it  has  been 
so  in  the  form  and  disposition  of  animals.  It  is  a 
type  of  the  good  days  that  are  coming  in  the  future  ; 
it  is  the  good  seed  that  will  yield  good  fruit.  It  is  a 
symbol  of  progress ;  as  in  the  saurian  one  species  had 
the  skeleton  of  the  hand  and  arm  resemblino;  man's 
arm  and  hand.  But  you  may  examine  the  history  of 
over  two  thousand  years  ago,  and  you  will  find  very 
little  but  war,  murder,  strife,  contention,  deceit,  rob- 
bery, lying,  and  every  evil  you  can  name.  This  we 
have  written  is  a  fair  specimen  of  what  was  done  ov- 
er two  thousand  years  ago ;  and  it  was  bad  enough 
one  thousand  years  after  the  Christian  era,  and  it  is 
bad  still  to  this  day  ;  but  we  prove  that  it  is  not  so 
bad  as  once  it  was.  Sometimes  for  a  short  time  it 
goes  back,  but  that  is  not  the  rule  and  law;  it  soon  re- 
sumes its  natural  course,  which  is  onward  and  upward. 
Sometimes  we  have  cyclones  and  hurricanes,  but  that 
soon  gives  place  to  quiet  and  tranquility.     So  we  go. 

Man  is  seldom  satisfied  with  his  situation,  and  it  is 
the  same  with  the  nations.  The  Greeks  were  a  peo- 
ple that  were  more  virtuous  than  most  nations  of  that 
age  (431  years  before  the  Christian  era),  yet  were  so 
blind  as  to  go  to  war  with  each  other,  and  the  war 
was  called  the  Pelopenesian  war;  it  lasted  twenty-seven 
years.  What  folly  the  people  have  been  guilty  of  no 
pen  can  describe,  no  tongue  can  tell,  no  painter  can 
paint.  War  has  been  the  occupation  of  the  world, 
how  long  it  will  continue  no  sage  can  predict.  We  are 
satisfied  that  the  time  is  not  far  distant.  It  is  too 
wicked.     But  says  the  ignoramus,  war  is  a    necessity. 


92  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Such  expressions  are  a  great  injury  to  the  people. 
Men  who  have  money  think  that  they  are  wise,  but 
that  is  a  great  mistake.  They,  as  a  rule,  are  not.  If 
making  money  occupies  nearly  all  their  time,  and  the 
predominant  passion  being  the  worship  of  Mammon, 
they  devote  all  their  time  to  the  business  of  hoarding 
money;  and  most  of  them  are  dishonest,  in  that  way 
they  made  their  pile.  And  the  people  suffer  them  to 
rule,  which  is  a  great  mistake.  Keep  rich  men  out  of 
office,  it  is  not  safe  to  trust  them ;  they  will  naturally 
put  too  much  faith  in  money,  and  naturally  be  inclin- 
ed to  use  bribery  and  corruption.  This  will  not  al- 
ways be  the  case  but  too  often  to  trust  them,  and  they 
also  will  want  high  salaries,  and  they  do  not  need  it, 
and  it  will  be  better  to  give  office  to  those  who  need 
it.  Give  the  offices  to  honest  and  intelligent  business 
men.  The  war  was  still  waging;  the  country  laid 
waste,  and  the  plague  still  in  Athens.  A  treaty  was 
made  ten  years  after  the  beginning  of  the  war,  but  it 
was  broken  and  the  war  renewed.  A  treaty  of  peace 
was  made.  Again  we  can  see  what  aristocracy  does. 
This  war  lasted  twenty-seven  years.  It  was  made 
through  ambition  of  a  few  evil-minded  aristocrats  hav- 
ing a  desire,  and  spite  and  hatred  against  their  rivals. 
All  cannot  have  office.  Drones  want  office ;  if  the}'' 
cannot  get  it  they  will  drench  the  country  in  blood. 
Rule  or  ruin  is  the  motto  of  aristocracy ;  not  having 
done  anything  by  labor  for  the  country,  they  will  ut- 
terly destroy  it  if  they  cannot  rule  it.  We  again  say 
to  the  working  man,  Look  at  the  destruction  that  the 
few  aristocrats  brought  upon  Greece,  and  learn  this 
wholesale  advice.  If  the  aristocracy  have  a  quarrel 
among  themselves,  do  not  take  sides  with  either,  but 
let  the  belligerent  brutes  fight  it  out  themselves.  Do 
not  be  fools  and  fight  for  aristocracy. 

Artixerxes,  in  the  four  hundred  and  fourth  year  after 
Christ,  ascended  the  throne,  while  his  brother  Cyrus  at- 
tcm))tcd  to  assassinate  him,  but  was  prevented.  His 
mother,  when  she  saw  that  he  was  condemned  to  die, 
clasped  him  in  hcrarms,  and  tied  him  tohcrself  with  tress- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  93 

es  of  her  hair,  and  by  her  shrieks,  and  tears,  and  prayers, 
prevailed  on  the  king  so  as  to  obtain  his  pardon.  He 
was  sent  to  his  government  in  Asia  Minor.  Artixerxes, 
the  king,  married  Statira;  as  soon  as  her  husband  was 
on  the  throne,  she  caused  Udiastes  to  be  delivered 
into  her  hands  ;  she  ordered  his  tongue  torn  out,  and 
made  him  die  in  the  most  exquisite  torments.  Alcibi- 
ades  was  murdered,  his  house  burnt.  He  was  a  man 
of  talents,  but  of  base  character.  His  greatest  desire 
was  to  live  in  great  splendor,  and  to  act  the  tyrant. 
He  was  killed  because  he  w^as  feared.  When  the  Lac- 
edemonians took  Sparta,  they  changed  the  republic- 
an form  to  an  aristocracy  composed  of  thirty  officers, 
called  the  Council  of  Thirty,  committed  the  most  dia- 
bolical cruelties  on  pretense  of  preventing  mobs  and 
seditions;  they,  no  doubt,  lied.  They  armed  three 
thousand  soldiers  to  keep  down  the  people,  and  dis- 
armed all  the  remainder.  The  city  was  in  great 
alarm.  Any  person  who  opposed  the  tyranny  was 
treated  with  violence  and  cruelty.  Riches  were  a  crime 
that  drew  a  sentence  upon  the  owner,  and  was  always 
followed  by  death  and  the  confiscation  of  estates,  which 
the  thirty  tyrants  divided  among  themselves  ;  and  Xen- 
dphon  says  they  put  more  people  to  death  than  had 
been  killed  in  war.  We  see  the  instincts  of  aristocra- 
cy ;  they  took  the  estates  of  those  they  murdered. 
Theramenus  declared  against  the  thirty  tyrants.  He 
was  one  of  the  thirty  critics,  also  one  of  the  thirty  in- 
formed against  him,  accusing  him  before  the  senate  of 
disturbing  the  peace,  and  of  desiring  to  subvert  the 
government.  After  much  contention,  he  was  ordered 
to  be  poisoned.  That  was  the  manner  of  execution 
then  at  Athens.  Socrates  defended  the  prisoner,  but 
to  no  avail ;  he  took  the  poison.  Nothing  passed  in 
the  city  but  murder  and  imprisonment.  The  people 
began  to  leave  the  city.  At  the  head  of  these  was  a 
person  by  the  name  of  Thrasybulus.  He  was  a  man 
of  merit,  who  opposed  these  tyrannical  measures.  The 
thirty  induced  the  cities  of  Greece  to  prevent  the 
Athenians  coming  to  their  cities.     All  but  two  cities 


94  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

agreed  to  the  ordinance,  which  was  a  fine  of  $4,300  to 
harbor  the  fugitives  of  Athens.  Lysias,  an  orator  of 
Syracuse,  who  had  been  banished  by  the  thirty,  raised 
five  hundred  soldiers  at  his  own  expense,  and  sent 
them  to  Athens.  Thrasybulus  lost  no  time.  After 
taking  Phila,  a  small  fort  in  Utica,  he  marched  to  Prae- 
cus,  which  he  took.  The  thirty  met  him  with  their 
troops.  A  battle  was  fought.  The  tyrants  were  over- 
thrown. Lysias,  their  leader,  was  killed,  and  the  re- 
mainder of  the  army  fled ;  at  the  solicitation  many 
joined  the  liberals.  The  army,  after  their  return,  ex- 
pelled the  thirty  tyrants,  and  appointed  ten  in  their 
place  with  no  better  result.  There  must,  on  the  side 
of  power,  be  some  impulse  to  actuate  in  this  manner 
so  many  persons  of  whom  many,  no  doubt,  were  hon- 
est and  virtuous,  and  to  banish  the  principles  and 
manners  so  natural  to  them;  and  a  propensity  in  the 
mind  to  subject  his  equals,  and  to  rule  over  them  ty- 
rannically, to  carry  him  on  to  the  last  point  of  oppres- 
sion and  cruelty,  and  to  make  him  forget  at  once  all- 
the  laws  of  humanity.  King  Ransomus  marched  to 
Athens  to  assist  the  Athenians,  and  peace  was 
obtained.  But  that  peace  was  sealed  with  the  blood 
of  the  thirty  tyrants,  who  were  all  put  to  the  sword, 
which  left  the  Athenians  in  their  former  liberty.  All 
the  exiles  were  recalled.  Thrasybulus  at  that  time 
proposed  the  celebrated  oath,  that  all  past  transac- 
tions should  be  buried  in  oblivion.  The  government 
was  established  upon  its  ancient  foundation,  the  laws 
restored  to  their  pristine  vigor  again.  We  are  highly 
pleased  to  see  one  more  instance  of  mercy,  which  was 
so  very  rare  in  those  barbarian  times.  We  never  saw 
tyranny  more  cruel  and  bloody.  Every  house  was  in 
mourning,  every  family  bewailing  the  loss  of  some  re- 
lation or  friend.  Antiquity  abounds  with  barbarous 
acts,  but  few  so  flagitious  as  this.  The  younger  Cyrus 
conceived  the  wicked  design  of  dethroning  his  brother, 
and  taking  his  crown  and  life.  He  was  killed  at  the 
feet  (A  his  brother.  Many  Greeks  followed  him  ;  they 
made  a  famous  retreat.     They  traveled  many  hundred 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  95 

miles  over  large  rivers,  and  through  many  barbarous 
nations,  and  arrived  in  their  own  country.  This  is 
considered  the  best  managed  and  conducted  march  of 
all  ancient  times.  A  great  battle  was  fought  in  which 
Cyrus  was  killed.  Such  was  government  in  ancient 
days,  brother  against  brother. 

The  army  marched  about  two  hundred  and  fifteen 
days,  at  about  nine  leagues  a  day,  with  an  army  of  ov- 
er one  hundred  thousand  men.  About  thirteen  thousand 
of  them  were  Greeks  ;  and  Artixerxes  had  an  army  of 
nearly  a  million  of  men.  and  immense  slaughter  was 
made.  About  five  thousand  Greeks  returned  to 
Greece.  Cyrus  was  killed,  some  said  by  the  king,  his 
brother,  although  he  claimed  not.  This  was  called  the 
battle  of  Cunaza!  We  plainly  observe  the  natural  in- 
clination of  aristocracy  is  war  and  carnage — ambition. 
Marched  two  hundred  and  fifteen  days  to  dethrone  his 
brother,  and  is  killed  himself.  The  great  mistake  the 
working  man  makes  is  to  take  sides  in  the  quarrels. 
Do  not  notice  the  black  imps.  Let  them  fight  out 
their  own  quarrels.  We  again  and  again  say,  do  not 
join  either  side.  Let  them  fight  themselves  as  long  as 
there  is  a  man  left  of  them.  They  are  of  no  account, 
and  we  are  fools  to  fight  for  them.  When  fanatics  and 
bigots  and  simpletons  have  a  difficulty,  it  most  always 
ends  in  a  fight;  when  aristocracy  have  a  difficulty, 
they  get  the  working  man  to  fight  for  them,  and  they 
make  money  by  it,  and  the  poor  man  has  to  pay  the 
bill.  We  say  again,  if  they  have  a  contention,  pay  no 
heed  to  it.  Agesilaus,  king  of  Sparta,  engages  the  Ar- 
gives  and  defeats  them;  he  attacks  the  Thebans,  who 
are  on  the  march  to  their  left  wing,  on  its  way  to  Hel- 
icon. This  was  a  bad  undertaking  for  Agesilaus. 
The  Thebans  formed  a  hollow  square,  and  received 
the  king  Agesilaus,  but  he  could  make  no  impression 
on  l^em.  The  king  was  wounded  severely.  His  life 
was  saved  by  some  Spartans  who  had  been  sent  as  a 
body  guard.  They  fought  desperately  around  the 
king,  and  guarded  his  person,  and  exposed  their  per- 
sons   and  brought    him  off.     But    many  were  killed. 


96  THE  workingman's  guide. 

Many  of  the  guard  were  also  left  on  the  field.  The 
walls  of  Athens  again  had  been  broken  down,  but  were 
rebuilt  by  Conon.  Agesilaus  was  king,  whose  great- 
ness consisted  in  what  was  of  more  true  worth  than 
most  the  barbarians  had  any  conception  of.  That  was 
virtue  ;  that  was  a  rare  merit  in  those  days.  The  Lac- 
ademonians,  when  they  saw  the  Athenian  wall  built 
up  again,  took  the  mean  resolution  of  avenging  them- 
selves of  Athens,  by  making  peace  with  Persia.  The 
war  of  Cyprus  continued  six  years.  Evogoras  was  a 
citizen  of  Athens.  Artixerxes'  son-in-law,  Orontes, 
commanded  an  army  of  three  hundred  thousand  men, 
and  a  fleet  of  three  hundred  galleys.  The  army  of 
Evogoras  was  only  about  twenty  thousand  men,  and 
less  then  one  hundred  galleys.  But  he  had  many  light 
vessels,  with  which  he  annoyed  the  Persian  ships. 
Some  sunk  and  prevented  many  from  crossing.  Evo- 
goras increased  his  fleet  by  sixty  galleys,  and  the  king 
of  Egypt  sent  him  fifty  more.  Evagoras  attacked  a 
part  of  the  enemy's  army, and  completely  routed  them. 
This  action  was  soon  followed  by  one  at  sea,  in  which 
the  Persians  gained  a  victory.  Evogoras  was  defeated, 
and  agreed  to  pay  an  annual  tribute.  Evogoras  lived 
twelve  or  thirteen  years  after  the  treaty.  He  lived 
happy,  and  had  no  sickness  until  near  his  death.  The 
effect  of  a  sober  and  temperate  life.  Nicoles  succeeded 
him,  and  was  a  virtuous  prince.  Orontes  informed 
ac^ainst  Teribasus.  He  was  tried  and  declared  inno- 
cent,  and  the  king  was  indignant  against  Orontes. 
We  see  nothing  for  a  long  time  but  war  and  prepara- 
tions for  war.  The  next  we  see  an  expedition  of  Ar- 
tixerxes against  the  Cadusians.  These  people  lived 
in  a  mountainous  and  unfruitful  country.  No  corn  is 
raised.  Little  but  fruit.  They  were  a  hardy  race  of 
men,  fit  only  for  soldiers.  What  Artixerxes  could 
make  by  going  to  war  with  them,  we  cannot  see.  Hut 
it  aj^pears  aristocracy  can  not  bear  to  see  any  person 
live  in  j)eace  and  at  ease,  so  to  appease  his  thirst  for 
blof)d  he  must  spill  some  of  that  of  the  Cadusians. 
1  le  went  with  three  hundred  thousand  on  foot,  and  ten 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  97 

thousand  on  horse.  Artixerxes  had  not  marched  far, 
when  he  learned  to  his  sorrow  the  state  of  the  country. 
His  army  could  find  nothing  to  eat.  so  they  consumed 
their  beasts  of  burden,  and  they  were  so  scarce  that  an 
ass'  head  was  worth  eight  hundred  and  fifty  dollars, 
and  hard  to  be  got  at  that  price.  By  stratagem,  they 
made  a  treaty  with  the  Cadusians.  A  commissioner 
was  sent  to  each  part  of  the  army  of  the  enemy,  as  they 
were  in  two  armies,  and  their  generals  got  on  good 
terms.  The  strategy  took.  A  treaty  was  concluded, 
and  the  army  went  back  again  to  Persia. 

During  this  famine  the  king  shared  the  fatigues 
and  hardships  of  the  soldiers.  That  he  probably  done 
to  keep  on  good  terms  with  the  soldiers.  And  it  has 
been  recorded,  the  suit  of  clothes  he  had  on  at  the  time 
was  covered  over  with  gold  and  precious  stones,  glit- 
tering all  over  him,  was  worth  eight  millions  of  dollars. 
This  far  exceeds  what  Mrs.  Stuart,  it  was  said,  wore  at 
a  party — one  million  of  dollars.  Artixerxes  excelled 
her  eight  to  one.  Such  is  aristocracy.  What  a  vast 
sum  stolen  from  the  people  ;  most  were  stolen,  as  they 
did  not  work  for  it,  and  labor  only  makes  wealth.  The 
king  having  lost  many  men,  and  nearly  all  his  horses, 
was  not  in  good  humor  when  he  came  back,  so  he  had 
to  vent  his  ire  on  his  officers  that  staid  at  home.  He 
put  to  death  a  great  number  of  them.  Did  any  one 
do  that  lately.^*  Progress  is  the  law  of  nature,  observe. 
Damates  was  a  great  general ;  he  by  degrees  revolted 
against  Artixerxes,  who  sent  an  army  of  nearly  two 
hundred  thousand  men.  Damates  did  not  have  ten 
thousand ;  he  chose  his  ground.  The  Persians  at- 
tacked the  few  against  them,  and  were  defeated  twenty 
to  one,  and  in  many  skirmishes  after.  The  Persians 
received  the  worst  of  the  fight,  so  he  concluded  to 
make  a  compromise,  and  he  should  be  restored  to  the 
kings  favor.  Damates  knew  how  the  whole  problem 
was,  so  after  deliberating  he  agreed  to  the  proposition. 
Deputies  were  sent  to  the  king  and  hostilities  ceased. 
The  king,  like  nearly  all  aristocrats,  proved  treacher- 
ous, and    procured  several   men  to  murder  him,  but 


98  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

he  evaded  them  ;  after  some  time  he  bribed  (the  king- 
did)  a  friend  who  long  treated  him  kindly,  so  as  to 
murder  him,  Damates.  The  assassin's  name  was  Mith- 
ridates,  who  had  been  promised  a  magnificent  reward. 
This  miscreant  Mithridates,  when  Damates'  back  was 
turned,  or  when  a  favorable  opportunity  presented  it- 
self, and  when  he  was  alone,  stabbed  him  with  his 
sword.  We  wished  you  to  notice  this  act  of  the  king ; 
he  violated  the  treaty  he  made  ;  he  secretly  and  treach- 
erously got  a  mercenary  villain  to  kill  one  of  the 
greatest  generals  of  the  age.  We  ask  you  to  bear 
this  in  mind.  The  king  acted  in  perfect  accord  with 
the  true  innate,  inborn  character  of  aristocracy. 

What  !  Do  you  now  think  we  are  improving  in 
morals?  Are  we  progressing?  We  wish  you  to  un- 
derstand the  true  character;  enough  has  been  said  to 
those  who  wish  to  find  the  truth  of  aristocracy.  "  Ail 
the  laws  of  Sparta,  and  all  the  laws  and  institutions  of 
Lycurgus,  seem  to  have  no  other  object  than  war,  and 
tending  solely  to  making  the  subjects  of  that  Repub- 
lic a  body  of  soldiers.  All  other  arts  were  prohibited 
among  them.  Arts,  polite  learning,  sciences,  trades, 
and  even  husbandry  formed  no  part  of  their  employ- 
ments, and  seemed  in  their  eyes  unworthy  of  them. 
From  their  earliest  infancy  no  other  taste  was  instilled 
into  them,  but  was  much  like  the  Europeans  at  pres- 
ent just  like  brutes  in  their  disposition.  Their  whole 
study  was  to  kill  their  fellow-men.  But  such  work 
could  not  last.  But  the  other  states  of  Greece  were 
different.  They  distinguished  themselves  in  many 
battles,  and  obtained  incredible  victories  ;  and  this,  even 
when  numbers  were  against  them.  They  were  a  set 
of  bull  doijift.  The  soldiers  received  about  eisrht  to 
fifteen  cents  a  day.  Their  boats  and  ships  were  pro- 
pelled by  oars.  We  see  progress  in  shipbuilding. 
Who  dare  say  we  are  not  progressing  ;  and  no  one 
shiould  say  it,  but  enough  will  say  it.  But  says  the 
blind  bigot  and  silly  fanatic.  We  believe  in  progress,  but 
but  not  in  evolution  ;  but  we  ask  what  is  the  difference — 
the  one   cannot  be  without   the   other;    first  evolution^ 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  99 

which  we  cannot  see,  as  nature  does  the  work,  and 
then  the  result,  progress.  But  bigots,  fanatics,  aristo- 
crats, and  tyrants  want  no  progress;  so  they  can  come 
the  swindles  and  robberies,  as  they  have  always  done. 
But  workingmen,  we  tell  you  that  the  day  will  come 
that  honor  and  virtue  will  govern.  Do  you  think  that 
truth  and  justice,  honor  and  virtue,  honesty  and  integ- 
rity, will  not  mature;  that  they  will  die  in  this  imma- 
ture and  oreen  state  ?  That  would  be  a  libel  on 
nature.  What — her  greatest  and  noblest  attributes  be 
abortive,  become  extinct  in  their  incipiency  !  Where 
is  your  sense  .^  The  tens  of  thousands  of  extinct  ani- 
mals were  perfect  before  they  left  terra  firma,  and  they 
were  of  no  account;  nature  discarded  them;  she  had. 
no  more  use  for  them.  And  do  you  think  that  the 
highest  characteristics  in  man  will  die,  and  not  come 
to  maturity  and  perfection  ?  Where  is  your  sense  and 
reason,  aristocrat.?*  But  the  aristocrat's  sense  and  rea- 
son is  gross  and  heavy  ;  it  has  sunk  into  its  pockets  ; 
he  is  poor  in  spirit — such  as  is  lofty  and  sublime,  but 
rich  in  low  elements  that  have  vile  and  worthless 
properties. 

We  have  said,  we  should  treat  under  one  head  aris- 
tocracy and  monarchy,  as  they  are  nearly  the  same. 
Aristocracy  is  government  by  a  few  persons.  A  mon- 
archy is  a  government  by  one  called  a  king.  In  an- 
cient times  they  seldom  had. adjuncts  to  monarchy, 
such  as  a  Senate.  One  man  ruled ;  so  also  in  aristoc- 
racy, there  is  one  man  at  the  helm.  One  has  more  to 
say  than  any,  and  oftentimes  all,  the  others.  Now,  we 
shall  give  a  few  of  the  tartarean  acts  of  the  tyrant  Di- 
onysius,  the  Elder.  The  most  odious,  horrible,  and 
infernal  crimes  that  ever,  perhaps,  we  have  recorded ; 
pretty  bad  to  do  that.  We  will  give  it  as  the  historian 
Rollin  records  it,  which  is  very  nearly  correct,  no 
doubt.  It  is  the  best  history  we  have  of  the  times,  at 
all  events.  Dionysius  was  a  native  of  Syracuse.  He 
acquired  a  gi'eat  reputation  by  his  valor  against  the 
Carthagenians  He  was  banished  from  Syracuse  by 
his  enemies.      He  attempted  to  reenter  Syracuse  with 


lOO  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Hermocrates,  but  they  were  unfortunate.  Hermocrates 
was  killed,  and  Dionysius  was  wounded,  reported  to  be 
killed.  That  saved  his  life,  for  nearly  all  the  leaders 
of  that  faction  were  publicly  executed.  That  was  the 
barbarous  mode  of  procedure  in  those  times.  They 
were  thirsty  for  blood,  like  carnivorous  beasts.  We 
will  give  a  short  description  of  a  temple  of  the  time. 
Jupiter  Olympus  was  three  hundred  and  forty  feet  in 
length,  and  sixty  in  breadth,  and  one  hundred  and 
twenty  feet  high.  The  galleries,  in  extent  and  beauty, 
were  in  accord  with  the  other  parts.  On  one  side  was 
the  representation  of  the  battle  of  giants  ;  on  the  other 
side  the  taking  of  Troy,  as  large  as  life.  Without  the 
city  was  an  artificial  lake,  about  a  quarter  of  a  league 
in  circumference,  and  thirty  feet  deep.  It  was  stored 
with  all  kinds  of  fish,  and  covered  with  swans  and  wa- 
ter fowl.  This  beautiful  city  was  at  length  taken  by 
the  Carthagenians.  This  was  the  time  for  Dionysius 
to  set  his  plans.  No  one  dared  to  open  his  mouth 
against  the  magistrates;  when  Dionysius  rose  up,  and 
boldly  accused  the  magistrates  of  treason,  and  added 
that  they  should  be  deposed  immediately,  without 
waiting  for  their  times  to  expire. 


CHy^PTER  VII. 

IMMORALITY  AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY. 

They  charged  him  as  a  seditious  person  and  dis- 
turber of  the  peace,  and  laid  a  fine  upon  him  ;  and 
the  fine  was  to  be  paid  before  he  could  speak  again, 
and  Dionysius  was  not  in  a  condition  to  discharge  it 
as  he  was  not  in  funds.  Philistus,  one  of  the  wealthi- 
est citizens  in  Sicily,  deposited  the  money  and  advised 
him  to  give  his  opinion  on  the  state  of  the  country, 
with  all  the  liberty  which  became  a  citizen,  zealous 
for  the  good  of  his  country.  Dionysius  accordingly 
resumed  his  speech  with  redoubled  ardor.  He  told 
them  how  they  had  neglected  the  city  of  Agrigcntum ; 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         lOJ 

the  extremity  that  the  people  of  that  city  had  been 
reduced  ;  how  they  had  to  leave  the  city  in  the  night; 
the  cries  of  children  and  aged  and  sick  persons  whom 
they  had  abandoned  to  the  ferocity  of  merciless  ma- 
rauders;  and  the  cruel  murder  of  all  who  were  left  in 
the  city,  whom  the  barbarous  victors  dragged  from 
temples  and  altars  of  the  Gods  which  the  Carthagen- 
ians  did  not  respect.  He  imputed  all  this  to  the 
army,  and  charged  the  magistrates  with  being  corrupt- 
ed by  the  bribes  of  the  Carthagenians.  And,  to  the 
pride  of  the  great  rich,  who  only  cared  to  establish 
their  own  power  on  the  ruins  of  the  liberty  of  the  peo- 
ple, he  poured  red  hot  shot  into  the  magistrates, 
broadside  after  broadside.  The  people  listened  with 
great  pleasure,  and  the  discourse  was  followed  by  uni- 
versal applause.  All  the  magistrates  were  deposed 
then  and  immediately,  and  others  appointed  in  their 
places,  with  Dionysius  at  the  head  of  them.  He  also 
had  in  view  to  displace  the  generals,  and  have  the  su- 
preme power  transfered  to  himself;  another  point  he 
gained.  There  were  a  great  many  banished  persons ; 
he  sought  to  get  them  restored,  and  he  gained  his  de- 
sire. And  they  were  all  recalled,  and  he  doubled  the 
pay  of  some  soldiers.  He  marched  with  an  army  of 
six  thousand  men  to  Gela,  to  quell  a  disturbance  be- 
tween the  poor  and  the  rich.  The  rich  he  condemned 
to  die,  and  confiscated  their  property.  He  made  ad- 
herents there  also.  He  arrived  at  Syracuse  just  as 
the  people  were  coming  out  of  the  theatre.  They 
crowded  around  him,  and  inquired  earnestly  what  he 
had  heard  of  the  army  of  the  Carthagenians;  he  an- 
swered that  the  city  had  the  worst  enemies.  He  said 
the  Carthagenians  had  sent  an  agent  to  him,  pre- 
tending to  negotiate  about  the  exchange  of  prisoners, 
but  for  no  other  purpose  than  bribery  and  corruption; 
that  he  came  to  resign  his  command  and  to  abdicate 
his  dignity,  as  he  would  not  act  in  concert  with  trai- 
tors. This,  rumored  among  the  troops  and  people, 
created  an  alarm.  The  next  day  the  assembly  met, 
and    Dionysius   renewed   his  complaints   against   the 


I02  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

generals.  Some  one  moved  that  a  generalisimo  be 
appointed  with  unlimited  powers,  which  was  immedi- 
ately done,  and  Dionysiiis  elected.  Then  he  caused 
it  to  be  decreed  that  the  soldiers'  pay  should  be 
doubled.  There  was  but  one  step  more,  that  was  to 
have  a  body  guard  assigned  to  him,  and  after  some 
more  hypocrisy  and  deceit  he  obtained  entire  con- 
trol of  the  city  of  Syracuse,  the  richest  and  largest  city 
in  Sicily.  The  people  suspected  him,  and  they  plun- 
dered his  house  and  abused  his  wife  so  she  died.  He 
went  to  Gela,  which  the  Carthagenians  were  besieg- 
ing. He  was  slow  to  assist  the  people  of  the  place; 
they  had  to  leave  the  place  in  the  night;  many  were 
left  and  were  butchered.  The  soldiers  did  not  like 
the  drift  of  affairs,  and  an  attempt  was  made  to  assass- 
inate him,  but  his  foreign  soldiers  protected  him.  He 
killed  many  of  the  best  citizens,  he  put  all  to  the 
sword  that  came  in  his  way,  and  plundered  the  houses 
of  his  enemies.  He  then  made  a  treaty  with  the  Car- 
thagenians; by  one  of  the  articles  he  was  to  be  gov- 
ernor of  Sicily.  Then  the  people  saw  they  had  been 
blind;  but  then  it  was  too  late  to  repent.  So  it  most 
always  is  with  sawneys  ;  they  see  when  the  thing  is 
all  past  and  gone ;  and  the  people  saw  that  their  liber- 
ty had  taken  wings  and  flown  to  the  rampart  of  the 
tyrant,  and  they  were  dupes,  gulls  and  servile  slaves. 
Take  notice,  we  write  this  for  the  working  men,  that 
they  may  take  a  lesson,  for  in  liberty  we  are  in  dan- 
ger of  slavery.  Dread  a  standing  army,  body  guards 
and  foreign  troops.  Beware  of  double  pay  for  sol- 
diers, and  thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  of  pen- 
sions ;  they  are  nearly  always  given  to  enslave  the 
people.  We  say  and  again  say,  watch.  Eternal  vig- 
ilance is  the  price  of  liberty,  and  it  is  like  health — 
when  you  possess  it  you  must  take  care  of  it.  It  is  a 
priceless  jewel  that  can  not  be  estimated  too  high. 
The  aristocratic  drones  that  work  not  are  watching 
like  a  thief  in  the  night  to  steal  your  jewel  and  inesti- 
inable  birthright  from  you. 

Dionysius   saw    that   he  had    trouble  on   his  hands. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         IO3 

He  looked  upon  all  his  subjects  as  his  enemies,  and 
he  knew  of  no  other  way  of  guarding  the  danger,  only 
by  cutting  ofif  part  of  the  people  to  intimidate  the  re- 
mainder. A  tyrant  would  think  of  no  other  mode. 
He  began  to  fortify  part  of  the  city  called  the  Isle,  and 
make  a  secure  retreat  for  himself  when  in  need.  He 
surrounded  it  with  walls,  and  a  citadel  for  himself,  and 
he  built  a  number  of  shops  and  piazzas,  so  as  to  con- 
tain quite  a  number  of  inhabitants.  He  gave  the  best 
land  to  his  adherents,  and  distributed  the  remainder 
among  the  citizens,  and  strangers,  and  slaves  made 
free.  The  houses  in  the  part  fortified  he  gave  to  his 
serfs  and  his  strangers.  He  then  thought  of  subject- 
ing the  free  states  of  Sicily,  which  had  aided  the  Car- 
thagenians.  They  met  in  squads,  and  one  of  the  offi- 
cers spoke  reprovingly.  He  was  killed  immediately, 
and  a  mutiny  was  raised.  Dionysius  fled  to  Syracuse. 
The  soldiers  shut  him  up  in  his  fortress,  and  did  not 
let  him  have  communication  with  the  country.  The 
people  received  aid  from  their  allies  both  by  sea  and 
land.  Many  came  over  to  the  people.  They  advanced 
their  machines,  and  battered  the  walls  of  the  fortified 
place.  Dionysius  was  in  trouble,  and  did  not  know 
what  to  do.  He  called  a  consultation  with  his  friends, 
and  it  was  resolved  to  continue  to  play  the  tyrant.  So 
he  played  treachery,  made  a  treaty,  that  he  should  be 
permitted  to  leave  the  place  with  his  adherents,  which 
was  granted,  and  five  ships  were  allowed  to  transport 
his  effects;  but  he  did  not  intend  to  go.  He  sent  to 
outsiders,  Campanians,  to  relieve  him,  and  offered  a 
reward.  The  Syracusans  thought  their  work  was  done, 
disbanded  their  troops  in  part,  and  acted  indolently, 
with  no  discipline.  The  arrival  of  twelve  hundred 
soldiers  to  relieve  the  tyrant  put  a  different  aspect  on 
the  matter.  They  opened  a  way  to  the  tyrant.  At  the 
same  time  three  hundred  more  soldiers  arrived  to  as- 
sist the  tyrant.  Dionysius  then  made  a  sally,  and 
drove  the  citizens  as  far  as  Neapolis,  apart  of  the  city. 
The  killed  was  not  many.  The  tyrant  gave  orders 
not  to  kill  those  who  fled.     He  caused  the  dead  to  be 


I04  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE-. 

interred,  and  promised  those  who  wished  to  return  to 
the  city,  they  might  with  entire  security.  Many  came 
to  the  city,  and  several  would  not  trust  the  tyrant. 
The  Campanians  were  rewarded  to  their  satisfaction, 
and  dismissed.  While  the  people  were  harvesting,  the 
tyrant  stole  their  arms. 

Tyrants  have  their  trouble,  and  bad  men  have  less 
pleasure  and  peace  than  honest  men.  We  say  that 
a  bad  man  is  a  fo(>l.  A  wise  man  is  always  an  honest 
man.  Then,  why  are  there  so  many  bad  men  ?  Be- 
cause they  have  not  progressed  to  be  good  ?  O,  poor 
souls,  we  pity  them  !  But  the  world  will  be  better  in 
the  future.  But  we  are  also  a  factor  in  the  conditions 
that  evolve  progress  ;  we  should  do  all  we  could  to 
hasten  the  millenium.  The  Lacedemonians  had  de- 
clared against  popular  government.  They  sent  an 
agent  to  Syracuse  to  express  an  interest  in  their  wel- 
fare;  but  it  was  deceit;  they  only  wanted  to  confirm 
Dionysius  in  his  tyranny.  Dionysius  enclosed  the 
city  with  another  wall,  armed  many  strangers,  and 
took  measures  to  secure  himself  against  the  people  of 
his  own  country.  Next  he  turned  his  attention  to 
subduing  other  places.  He  took  Naxos,  Catana,  Le- 
ontium,  and  some  other  towns.  Some  of  them  he 
treated  with  favor,  others  he  plundered  to  strike  dread 
into  the  people,  and  others  he  took  to  Syracuse. 
These  conquests  alarmed  the  neighboring  cities,  and 
they  entered  into  a  treaty  with  the  Syracusian  exiles, 
who  were  numerous,  and  induced  the  Messinians  to 
aid  them  with  supjDJics.  They  were  of  such  combus- 
tible materials  that  they  exploded  like  dynamite  be- 
fore they  marched.  Nobody  was  hurt,  but  all  scat- 
tered. They  then  made  a  treaty  with  the  tyrant 
Then  the  tyrant  meditated  a  war  of  invasion  against 
the  power  the  Carthagcnians. possessed  in  Sicily.  This 
was  a  great  undertaking,  as  the  Carthagcnians  were 
a  powerful  nation.  Perhai^s  the  tyrant  only  did  it 
to  pacify  his  subjects,  as  the  infernal  aristocrats  do 
that  to  divert  the  attention  of  the  people  from  their 
maladministration.      They  do  not  care  how  the  people 


IMMORALIIY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        IO5 

suffer,  or  how  many  are  killed,  if  they  can  hoodwink 
and  deceive  them  into  slavery ;  and  the  people  do  not 
see  the  point.  We  have  cautioned  you  on  that  point. 
Beware  of  the  wiles  and  insidious  schemes  of  the  tar- 
tarean  aristocracy.  Rule  or  ruin  is  their  motto.  An 
aristocrat  would  rather  reign  in  Tophet  than  serve  in 
Paradise.  But  let  us  resume  the  subject  of  the  war 
with  the  Carthagenian  power  in  Sicily.  He  made 
great  preparations.  Many  men  were  called  to  Syra- 
cuse ;  many  artisans,  many  of  the  best  workmen  that 
could  be  found  far  and  near.  How  the  tyrant  raised 
the  money,  we  have  not  yet  found  out.  Arms  were 
made  by  the  thousands,  ships  were  built  by  the  hun- 
dreds. 

Now  the  people  were  satisfied  war  was  in  prospect ; 
the  people  were  imbued  with  the  desire  for  blood  ;  their 
highest  ambition  was  to  butcher  their  fellow  creatures. 
And  the  flagitious  aristocracy,  instead  of  leading  the 
minds  of  the  people  to  cultivate  peace  and  humanity, 
goaded  them  downward  to  sanguinary  deeds,  too 
horrible  to  record  ;  they  will  answer  for  it.  The  whole 
city  was  a  workshop.  Every  piazza,  portico,  temple, 
square,  and  even  private  houses,  were  filled  with  work- 
men. The  tyrant  was  continually  among  them.  All 
were  satisfied — fools  that  they  were.  The  tyrant  in- 
vited some  to  dine  with  him,  all  to  blind  the  victims. 
Dionysius  applied  himself  to  naval  affairs.  Corinth 
had  invented  galleys  with  three  and  five  benches  of 
oars  ;  he  sent  to  Italy  for  timber,  and  some  from 
Mount  Etna,  pines  and  firs.  In  a  short  time  a  fleet  of 
two  hundred  galleys  were  built,  and  a  hundred  old 
ones  were  refitted.  He  also  had  a  hundred  sheds  built, 
each  to  contain  two  galleys,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty 
more  to  be  repaired.  But  before  he  declared  war  he 
married  two  wives  at  the  same  time.  One  of  his 
wives  had  an  heir,  the  other,  not.  He  accused  the 
mother  of  the  wife  who  had  no  children  of  preventing 
his  wife  (that  is,  her  daughter)  from  having  children  by 
witchcraft  and  sorcery.  This  was  the  height  of  bar- 
barism.     It  looks  as  if   we  have  some  progression  in 


I06  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

this  day.  Our  ruler  would  not  commit  such  a  crime. 
Notice  these  barbarisms.  Dionysius  declares  war 
against  the  Carthagenians.  The  plague  broke  out  in 
Carthage  again,  and  now  the  tyrant  considered  the  best 
time  to  declare  war.  The  assembly  was  unanimous  in 
opinion.  There  was  a  deep  and  abiding  hatred 
against  Carthage.  There  were  a  great  many  Cartha- 
genians in  Syracuse,  as  they  were  a  commercial  peo- 
ple. Dionysius  ordered  the  populace  to  plunder  these 
Carthagenians,  and  they  took  the  goods  of  these  stran- 
gers and  carried  them  off.  Throughout  the  whole 
country  the  same  robbery  was  committed,  and  murders 
and  massacres  were  added  to  the  pillages.  The  same 
had  been  done  by  the  Carthagenians.  They  raised 
troops  with  diligence,  and  an  army  was  sent  immedi- 
ately under  Imilco.  Dionysius  lost  no  time  ;  troops 
came  from  every  quarter  to  join  him  ;  his  army  amount- 
ed to  eighty  thousand  foot  and  three  thousand  horse. 
The  fleet  consisted  of  two  hundred  galleys,  and  five 
hundred  barks,  laden  with  provisions  and  engines 
of  war.  He  opened  the  campaign  with  the  siege 
of  Motya,  a  fortified  town  near  Mount  Eryx,  a  lit- 
tle island  about  a  mile  from  the  continent.  The 
Carthagenians  sent  ten  ships  to  Syracuse,  know- 
ing that  it  was  not  defended  strongly;  they  went  into 
the  harbor  and  destroyed  several  ships,  and  returned 
satisfied.  Dionysius  left  the  care  of  the  siege  to  Lep- 
tines,  and  went  and  laid  waste  to  the  country.  The 
towns  all  surrendered  but  five  ;  he  laid  siege  to  two  of 
them.  The  besieged  defended  themselves  with  in- 
credible valor.  After  a  breach  was  opened  and  en- 
tered, the  besieged  defended  themselves  from  house  to 
house.  The  soldiers,  enraged  at  so  obstinate  a  de- 
fense, put  all  the  people,  men,  women,  and  children, 
to  the  sword,  but  a  few  who  had  taken  refuge  in  the 
temples.  The  town  was  abandoned  to  the  soldiers. 
What  do  you,  reader,  think  ? — have  the  morals  of  the 
world  progressed  since  then  ?  The  fanatic  will  say 
not ;  the  aristocrat  will  say  ihe  same,  or  be  silent, 
iiut  this  was  the  barbarous  work  of  infamous  aristoc- 


IMiMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        IO7 

racy.  Dioiiysius  gave  the  soldiers  the  privilege  to 
plunder  the  town,  and  kill  and  destroy,  in  order  to  at- 
tach them  to  his  person — vile  and  brutal  wretch  ! 

The  next  year  the  Carthagenians  raised  an  army  of 
three  hundred  thousand  foot  and  four  thousand  horse. 
The  fleet  consisted  of  over  six  hundred  ships,  loaded 
with  provisions  and  engines  of  war.  Imilcar  took  Eryx, 
and  also  took  Motya ;  he  also  took  Messina  and  entire- 
ly demoralized  it.  You  perceive  antiprogress  ;  his  ar- 
my was  much  superior  to  that  of  Dionysius,  and  some 
of  them  deserted  to  the  enemy.  The  tyrant  levied 
more  troops,  and  freed  the  slaves  that  they  might  serve 
on  board  the  fieet.  His  army  now  was  thirty  thousand 
foot  and  three  thousand  horse.  With  these  forces  he 
took  the  field,  and  encamped  about  eight  leagues  from 
Syracuse.  Imilear  advanced  with  his  army  near  the 
coast,  not  far  from  his  ships;  when  he  came  to  Naxos 
he  could  not  march  along  the  sea-shore,  as  he  had  to 
go  around  Mount  y^tna,  which  had  lately  had  an  erup- 
tion and  covered  the  country  with  ashes.  Dionysius 
thought  this  a  favorable  opportunity  to  attack  the  fleet, 
which  he  did  ;  but  the  project  failed.  Dionysius  was 
defeated,  with  the  loss  of  more  than  a  hundred  galleys, 
and  twenty  thousand  men  killed;  as  we  do  not  notice 
of  any  prisoners  Many  of  the  sailors  endeavored  to 
swim  to  the  shore,  but  Imilcar  ordered  his  men  to  kill 
them.  We  see  barbarism.  Dionysius  marched  to 
Syracuse,  and  shut  up  his  army  in  the  walls  of  the 
city.  Imilcar  followed  him,  and  encamped  around  the 
city;  and  his  ships,  which  were  numerous,  anchored  in 
the  harbor  and  filled  it.  Imilcar  pitched  his  tent  in 
the  Temple  of  Jupiter  ;  this  was  a  sad  time  for  Dio- 
nysius. For  thirty  days,  Imilcar  laid  waste  the  coun- 
try. He  built  three  forts  near  the  city,  and  plundered 
the  two  temples  Ceres  and  Proserpine.  He  demolished 
the  tombs;  and  amongst  others,  that  of  Gelon  and  his 
wife  Demarata,  which  was  a  magnificent  monument. 
Infamous  barbarism.  About  this  time  a  fleet  of  thirty 
sail  arrived  from  Italy,  to  aid  Dionysius,  and  about  the 
same  time  a  bark  loaded  with  provisions  was  taken 


108  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

from  the  Carthagenians,  which  encouraged  the  troops, 
and  they  took  twenty-four  more  galleys ;  this  encour- 
aged them  more.  The  tyrant  at  this  time  was  away 
to  procure  provisions  ;  and  the  army  were  taking  meas- 
ures to  revolt  and  regain  their  liberties.  The  material 
nearly  always  is  on  hand  to  strike  for  liberty.  Nature 
has  furnished  the  seed,  as  soon  as  man  appeared  on  the 
earth.  And  we  can  say  to  you,  that  nature  will  nur- 
ture and  cultivate  the  seed  to  maturity;  it  can  not  be 
otherwise.  She  is  ever  indulgent  to  her  offspring. 
At  the  time  mentioned,  Theodorus  made  an  oration 
that  would  do  honor  to  any  time  and  country;  and  de- 
claimed for  liberty.  In  all  despotisms,  such  elevated, 
pure  and  disinterested  spirits  have  been  near  to  hand 
to  strike  for  liberty  ;  but  the  tyrant  came  and  put  an 
end  to  the  affair.  About  this  time,  his  brother-in-law 
fled  from  the  city,  and  decided  against  the  tyrant. 
Dionysius  bitterly  reproached  her,  his  wife,  for  not  ac- 
quainting him  of  his  intended  departure.  She  an- 
swered like  a  goddess,  "  Have  I  then  appeared  to  you 
so  bad  a  wife,  and  so  mean  a  soul,  as  to  have  aban- 
doned my  husband  in  his  flight,  had  I  been  acquainted 
with  his  design  ;  and  not  to  have  desired  to  share  in 
his  misfortunes  and  dangers  ?  No,  I  knew  nothing  of 
it,  or  I  should  have  been  much  happier  in  being  called 
in  all  places  the  wife  of  Polixenus  the  exile,  than  in 
Syracuse  the  sister  of  the  tyrant."  Dionysius  no  doubt 
said  nothing,  but  inwardly  was  proud  of  such  a  sister; 
and  the  Syracusans  were  so  charmed  with  her  answer, 
that  after  the  tyrant  was  suppressed,  the  same  honors, 
equipage  and  train  of  queen  were  continued  to  her 
during  life ;  and  at  her  funeral  the  people  attended  her 
corpse  to  the  tomb,  and  honored  her  with  extraor- 
dinary concourse. 

We  also  can  plainly  perceive  the  seeds  of  liberty 
shining  forth  in  the  woman,  and  that  seed  will  never 
die.  Nature  does  not  let  important  characteristics  be- 
come extinct.  She  carries  them  alono:  for  ai^es  to 
ages,  until  she  has  occasion  to  use  them  ;  then  she 
brings  them  to  the  front.      lUit  traits  of  character  that 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         IO9 

are  injurious,  like  aristocracy,  she  discards,  and  they 
are  cast  off  and  lost  in  oblivion.  As  we  said  before, 
not  even  a  fossil  will  be  left  of  them.  In  the  new  de- 
parture, in  the  great  millenium  of  truth,  justice,  honor, 
liberty,  equality,  virtue,  and  perfection  of  man,  aristoc- 
racy, vile  worm,  will  not  be  known  nor  mentioned.  It, 
infamous  worm,  will  be  cast  to  the  demons  of  Tartarus. 
It  hurts  our  souls  to  think  of  the  thousands  of  years 
that  this  infamous  and  nefarious  aristocracy  have  re- 
tarded the  onward  march  of  morality  and  virtue.  They 
could  never  atone  for  the  injury  they  have  done  to  the 
world  if  they  should  go  to  Erebus  forever. 

On  the  side  of  the  Carthagenians,  fortune  frowned 
on  them.  The  plague,  which  was  then  considered  as  a 
punishment  for  plundering  temples,  and  demolishing 
tombs,  and  butchering  helpless  and  defenseless  women 
and  innocent  children,  destroyed  many  of  their  army  in 
a  short  time.  The  Syracusans,  when  they  learned  the 
sad  state  their  enemy  was  in,  attacked  them  in  the 
night  by  sea  and  land.  The  surprise  put  them  into 
confusion.  They  were  perplexed,  and  did  not  know 
what  to  do.  Many  of  their  vessels  were  sunk,  many 
disabled,  and  many  burnt.  The  old  men,  and  women, 
and  children  lifted  their  hands  to  heaven,  and  thanked 
their  gods  for  the  deliverance  and  protection  of  the 
city.  The  slaughter  both  within  and  without  the  camp 
was  immense,  and  ended  only  with  the  break  of  day. 
Imilcar  offered  $260,000  to  retire  in  the  night,  and  it 
appeared  it  was  taken  by  Dionysius,  as  he.  left  in  the 
night,  and  was  but  little  molested.  But  the  general, 
Imilcar,  only  took  good  care  of  himself.  The  army 
was  scattered ;  many  laid  down  their  arms  and  asked 
quarters.  The  Iberians  capitulated,  and  were  added 
to  the  guards  of  Dionysius  ;  the  remainder  were  made 
prisoners.  Such  is  the  fortune  of  war ;  but  a  few  days 
before,  the  Carthagenians  were  victorious,  and  puffed 
up  with  pride  ;  but  now  they  were  glad  to  flee  in  the 
night,  and  leave  most  of  their  army  in  the  enemy's 
country.  More  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
men  were  buried  in  the  enemy's  country,  and   Imilcar 


no  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

perished  miserably  at  Carthao-e.     We  suppose  he  was 
executed  because  he  was  unfortunate  in  the  war.    That 
was  the  custom  of  the  Carthagenians — to  execute  their 
generals  if  the}^  were  defeated,  or  failed  in  an  expedi- 
tion.    What  barbarians!     How  could  the  general  pre- 
vent the  plague  ?      Jn  this,  we  can  perceive  progress. 
Who  or  what  nation  would  so  act  now  ?     Dionysius 
was    suspicious  of   strangers    in   his  service.      He  re- 
m(?ved  ten  thousand  of  them,  and  gave  them  the  city 
Leontinime.     Pie  trusted  the  guard  to  other  foreigners, 
and  to  slaves  whom    he  had  freed.     He  made  several 
attempts  on  places  in  Sicily.    Dionysius  attacked  Re- 
gium  again,  but  at  first  received  a  check ;  but  having 
gained  a  great  victory  over  the  Greeks,  in  which  he 
took  over  ten  thousand  prisoners,  he  dismissed  them 
all  without  ransom.     A  new  move  for  the  tyrant,  but 
he  had  an  object  in  view.     It  was  to  detach  the  Ital- 
ians from  the  interest  of  Regium,  and  dissolving  a  pow- 
erful league.     He  again  returned  against  Regium.    He 
was  incensed  against  that  city.     He  wanted  to  get  a 
wife  from  that  city,  and  they  would  not  give  it  to  him. 
That  was  before  he  married  the  two  wives.     The  be- 
sieged talked  of  capitulation.     He  obliged   them   by 
having  payment  of  $260,000,  delivering  up  all  of  their 
vessels,  about  seventy,  and  put  a  hundred  hostages  in 
his  hands.     The  tyrant  only  wanted  to  make  their  de- 
struction sure,  by  his  arming  them.     The  next  year, 
the  infernal  scoundrel  reproached  them   of  having  vi- 
olated the  treaty,  which  was,  no  doubt,  false.     He  be- 
sieged them  with  all  his  forces.     The  siege  continued 
eleven  months,  and  the  tyrant  was  dangerously  wound- 
ed.    After  having  eaten  all  their  provisions,  animals, 
leather,  herbage,  they  surrendered  at  discretion.     The 
garrison  were  reduced  to  mere  skeletons.      When  the 
tyrant  entered  the  city,  he  found  it  covered  with  dead 
bodies.      He  took  six  thousand  prisoners.     Those  who 
could  pay  about  sixteen  dollars  he  dismissed ;  the  re- 
mainder he  sent  to  Syracuse,  and  sold  as  slaves.     He 
ordered   the  general  to  be  sent  to  the  highest  engine 
he  had.  as  a  spectacle  to  the  whole  army.     He  had 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        I  I  I 

him  scourged  with  rods.  But  he  feared  that  his  pris- 
oner would  be  taken  away  from  him,  as  his  soldiers 
sympathized  with  him  ;  so  he  had  him  thrown  in  the 
sea.  His  son  he  had  thrown  in  the  sea  before  the  fath- 
er. What  will  the  ignoramus  say  to  this,  who  says 
that  we  are  hot  progressing  in  morals  ?  Would  any 
such  proceeding  be  tolerated  in  this  day,  and  in  any 
nation  of  the  civilized  world  ?  But  such  old  fogies 
will  soon  die  off,  and  make  room  for  more  liberal,  en- 
lightened and  intelligent  individuals. 

Dionysius  also  wrote  poetry ;  he  was  of  the  opinion 
that  it  was  of  the  first  order.  Others  did  not  appear 
to  think  much  of  it.  He  was  almost  insane  on  it;  he 
was  a  tyrant,  and  the  better  class  of  society  was  well 
aware  of  it.  His  poetry  may  have  been  much  underrated 
on  account  of  his  tyranny;  many  men,  and  perhaps 
most  persons,  cannot  judge  impartially  when  their  feel- 
ings or  passions  are  in  an  opposite  scale.  He  wrote 
tragedy  which  took  the  victory  in  the  feast  of  Bacchus, 
and  the  Athenians  were  judges  of  that  kind  of  litera- 
ture. We  say,  give  Asmodeus  his  due  in  all  circum- 
stances, and  do  yourself  justice  by  deciding  equitabl3% 
and  do  not  be  narrow-minded,  so  as  to  do  injustice 
even  to  the  worst  fiend.  Dionysius  received  the  news 
of  his  victory  of  the  tragedy  of  his,  at  the  temple  of 
Bacchus,  where  the  tragedy  which  he  wrote  took  the 
prize.  This  proves  that  his  verses  were  not  so  common 
as  his  enemies  represented  them  to  be.  When  he 
heard  of  his  tragedy  taking  the  prize,  he  was  nearly  in- 
sane with  joy  inexpressible.  Public  thanksgiving  was 
made  to  the  gods.  The  temples  were  scarcely  capable 
to  hold  the  people.  Nothing  was  seen  throughout  the 
city  but  feasting  and  rejoicing.  And  he  regaled  his 
friends  with  the  most  sumptuous  magnificence.  He 
believed  himself  at  the  summit  of  glory  ;  and  he  did 
the  honors  of  the  table  with  a  grace  and  dignity  that 
charmed  all.  At  one  time  he  wanted  money  to  estab- 
lish a  colony  in  the  Adriatic  Sea.  He  plundered  every 
rich  temple  he  could  lay  his  hands  on.  He  plundered 
one  temple,  from  which  he  took  $1,292,000.     He  wish- 


H2  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

ed  to  plunder  the  temple  of  Delphi,  which  required 
great  preparations.  It  appears  he  did  not  get  the  op- 
portunity to  plunder  that  temple.  Immense  treasures 
had  been  amassed  there  for  ages.  He  had  another 
war  with  the  Carthagenians,  in  which  he  was  defeated, 
and  had  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  Carthagenians. 
Some  years  after  he  tried  it  again,  but  had  no  better 
success,  although  the  plague  destroyed  many  of  the 
Carthagenians.  He  was  seized  with  a  pain  occasion- 
ed by  indigestion  at  the  great  banquet  celebrating  the 
victory  of  the  tragedy  he  wrote,  and  he  never  recover- 
ed. The  physicians  gave  a  medicine  to  produce  sleep; 
gave  him  a  dose  that  made  him  sleep  the  last  sleep. 

Dionysius  died  about  380  years  before  Christ.  He 
was  fortunate  in  living  as  long  as  he  did,  but  he  lived 
in  fear  of  death  more  than  half  of  his  time.  The  his- 
torian says :  "  But  what  qualities  could  cover  the  vices 
which  rendered  him  the  object  of  his  subjects'  abhor- 
rence. His  ambition  knew  no  bounds,  his  avarice  spar- 
ed nothing,  not  even  the  most  sacred  places,  his  cruel- 
ty had  no  regard  to  the  nearest  relations,  and  his  open 
and  professed  impiety  acknowledged  the  Divinity  only 
to  insult  him.  He  plundered  the  temple  of  Jupiter, 
and  took"  from  that  god  a  robe  of  solid  gold,  which  or- 
nament Hiero,  the  tyrant,  had  given  him  out  of  the 
spoils  of  the  Carthagenians.  At  another  time  he  order- 
ed the  golden  beard  of  Esculapius  to  be  taken  off.  He 
caused  all  the  tables  of  silver  to  be  taken  out  of  the  tem- 
ples. And  the  cups  and  crowns  of  gold  which  the  statues 
held  in  their  hands,  he  took  without  ceremony.  These 
spoils  were  sold  by  public  sale  in  the  market.  And  when 
he  had  the  money  for  them,  he  ordered  proclamation 
to  be  made,  that  whoever  had  in  their  custody  anything 
taken  out  of  sacred  places  were  to  restore  them  entire 
within  a  limited  time  to  the  temples  from  which  they 
were  taken.  What  an  aristocrat  will  not  do  will 
never  be  done.  Nothing  is  too  mean  for  them  to  do. 
Can  you  see  progress  in  morals  .-^  We  think  you  can. 
But  the  sawney  cannot ;  he  says  man  is  going  back 
into  barbarism.      He  says  what  he  wants,  as  he  is  an 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         I  I  3 

enemy  to  his  race,  or  he  would  not  say  so.  Misery 
likes  company.  No  one  but  a  barbarian  will  say  that 
man  is  going  back  to  barbarism.  When  a  man  once 
arrives  on  the  plane  of  civilization,  and  attains  the  ele- 
vated station  allotted  to  the  virtuous,  he  has  higher 
views  of  his  race.  A  man  knowing  himself  to  be  un- 
worthy, he  cannot  have  any  conception  of  better  per- 
sons ;  how  can  he  know  ?  He  can  only  judge  from  the 
knowledge  he  has,  and  that  is  only  of  himself.  We  must 
say  that  we  pity  those  abandoned  fanatics,  that  will 
send  the  whole  race  to  barbarism  and  eternal  ruin. 
They  have  nothing  but  iniquity  and  rancor  in  their 
souls,  if  they  have  any.  But  can  they  have  souls  .f*  If 
they  had,  would  they  have  such  a  degraded  wish  or  de- 
sire to  inflict  such  unhappiness  on  their  kith  and  kin 
and  fellow  creatures  ?  We  must  continue  the  narra- 
tive of  the  tyrant.  What  happiness  could  the  tyrant 
enjoy }  He  wore  a  cuirass  of  brass  under  his  robe  ; 
he  harangued  the  people  from  a  high  tower  ;  he  had 
his  daughters  shave  him,  and  when  they  were  advanced 
in  years  he  took'  the  scissors  and  razors  away  from 
them,  and  had  them  singe  off  his  beard  with  walnut 
shells.  Next  he  shaved  himself,  as  he  would  not  trust 
his  daughters  any  longer.  He  never  went  into  the 
chambers  of  his  wives  at  night,  without  first  search- 
ing carefully.  His  bed  was  surrounded  with  a  deep 
and  broad  trench,  with  a  small  draw-bridge  over  it  for 
the  entrance.  i\fter  having  well  locked  and  bolted 
the  doors  of  his  apartment,  he  drew  up  the  bridge  that 
he  might  sleep  in  security.  Neither  brother,  nor  even 
his  sons,  could  be  admitted  into  his  chamber,  without 
first  changing  their  superb  clothes,  and  being  visited  by 
the  ouards.  Could  he  be  said  to  reisfn  ?  Can  it  be  said 
that  he  lived,  who  passed  his  days  in  such  continual 
distrust  and  terror.^*  He  did  not  have  a  single  friend, 
as  he  himself  owned.  Damon  and  Pythias  were  true 
friends.  Their  faith  was  put  to  the  test;  the  tyrant 
had  condemned  one  of  them  to  die ;  he  wished  to  go 
to  his  own  country  and  settle  his  affairs,  promising  to 
return  at  a  stated  time.      The  other  offered  to   be  his 


fI4  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

security.  All  watched  his  return  with  anxiety,  Dio- 
nysius  in  particular  ;  few  thought  he  would  return. 
But  he  said  his  friend  would  return,  and  so  he  did,  as 
he  had  agreed.  The  tyrant  relented  and  pardoned 
the  man,  and  desired  to  be  admitted  as  a  third  person 
into  their  friendship.  Now,  we  ask  again,  what  you 
think  of  aristocracy.  It  is  perfectly  natural  that  they 
should  act  so.  You  perceive  that  most  of  the  rulers 
are  just  the  same.  "  Be  wise»betimes,  'tis  madness  to 
defer.  'Tis  folly  to  procrastinate.  Eternal  vigilance 
is  the  price  of  liberty.  It  is  the  height  of  insanity  to 
trust  an  aristocrat  with  your  purse — your  property, 
the  disposition  of  your  estate,  and  especially  your 
liberty  for  one  minute.  You  would  be  safer  to  go  in 
a  lion's  den.  Keep  your  interests  in  your  own  man- 
agement. Do  not  let  your  welfare  be  dependent  on 
an  aristocrat ;  he  will  prove  treacherous  to  you,  cer- 
tainly. You  perceive  how  the  tartarean  imps  have  gov- 
erned the  world,  and  they  deserve  your  detestation  and 
abomination,  your  hatred  and  condemnation.  Read 
carefully,  and  compare  the  good  the  millions  might  have 
done,  with  the  evils  you  see  they  have  continually  done. 
They  could  have  made  the  world  blossom  like  a  bed 
of  roses ;  they  could  have  the  streets  paved,  and  the 
highways  the  best  of  roads  free  ;  they  could  have  with 
all  ease  every  person  in  a  good  situation.  But  instead 
they  have  been  the  Bohon  Upas  of  the  earth  ;  they 
have  been  a  famine,  a  pestilence,  a  blight,  a  mildew,  a 
moth,  a  leech,  a  plague  on  the  earth. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY. 

Dionysius,  tho  Younger,  succeeded  his  father  of  the 
same  name.  Dion  persuaded  him  to  invite  Plato  to 
his  court,  but  neither  I^ion  nor  Plato  were  first  in  the 
king's  esteem,  as  they  could  not  stoop  to  that  base  and 
.servile    flattery   that   some   of    the   sycophants  about 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         II 5 

courts  are  accustomed  to  do;  but  the  presence  and 
advice  of  Plato  made  some  difference  on  the  bearing 
of  the  king,  which  was  barbarian,  to  say  the  least. 
The  young  king,  he  is  also  called  a  tyrant  by  the  his- 
torian, was  poorly  educated.  The  historian  says 
wretchedly.  One  of  the  first  acts  of  the  young  tyrant 
was  to  give  a  riotous  entertainment,  which  continued 
for  three  months.  During  all  this  time  his  palace  was 
closed  against  all  persons  of  reason  and  sense,  but  was 
crowded  with  buffoonery,  low  songs,  obscene  jests,  lewd 
acts,  and  all  kinds  of  wickedness  that  barbarians  could 
invent.  Dion  was  a  man  of  good  habit,  sound  sense 
and  reason,  and  intelligence ;  and  the  lackeys  at  court 
hated  him,  called  him  all  manner  of  hard  names,  which 
was  intended  to  lessen  the  esteem  of  the  king  for  him, 
and  they  won  the  king  over  to  their  side.  Dion  was 
banished,  and  Plato  returned  to  Syracuse.  The  tyrant 
kept  Plato  near  him  before  he  sent  him  to  Syracuse. 
The  tyrant  ordered  all  the  lands  of  Dion  to  be  sold, 
and  applied  it  to  his  own  use.  We  perceive  barbarity. 
Plato  is  restrained  in  his  person,  but  allowed  after 
some  time  to  return  to  Greece.  Dionysius  marries 
his  sister,  Dion's  wife,  to  Timocrates,  one  of  his  friends. 
Dion  resolves  to  declare  war  on  the  tyrant.  He  start- 
ed with  a  few  adherents,  and  but  a  few  merchants. 
He  commenced  war  on  a  tyrant  who  had  four  hundred 
ships,  a  hundred  thousand  soldiers,  footmen,  and  ten 
thousand  horse,  with  arms,  and  ammunition,  and  pro- 
vision in  abundance,  and  money  sufficient  to  pay  and 
maintain  them  ;  and  who  had  one  of  the  orreatest  and 
strongest  cities  in  the  world,  with  arsenals,  forts,  and 
allies.  Dion  put  to  sea  with  a  small  body  of  troops, 
and  after  he  was  under  sail  many  troops  came  to  join 
him.  Dion  appeared  in  sight  of  the  walls,  and  the  peo- 
ple joined  him.  Dionysius  came  to  have  a  talk.  It  was 
all  to  gain  time.  Next,  the  tyrant  made  prisoners  of 
the  deputies  sent  to  treat  with  him.  He  then  attacked 
Dion.  They  made  breeches  in  the  walls  of  the  cita- 
del. Dion's  soldiers  fied  in  confusion.  He  endeavored 
to  rally  them,  but  could   not.      He  threw  himself  into 


Il6  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

the  midst  of  the  enemy.  He  was  wounded,  and  car- 
ried off  the  field  by  his  soldiers.  Dion  rode  through 
the  city,  stopped  the  flight  of  the  Syracusans,  and  then 
led  the  foreign  soldiers  fresh  against  the  troops  of  Di- 
onysius,  who  were  weary  and  discouraged  by  this  vig- 
orous and  unexpected  resistance.  It  was  now  no 
longer  a  battle,  but  a  pursuit.  A  great  number  of  the 
tyrant's  troops  were  killed  on  the  spot,  and  the  rest 
escaped  into  the  citadel.  This  victory  was  brilliant 
and  glorious.  The  Syracusans  gave  each  of  the  for- 
eign soldiers  a  considerable  sum  of  money,  and  those 
soldiers,  to  honor  Dion,  gave  him  a  crown  of  gold. 
Dionysius  offered  to  leave  the  city,  and  retire  into  It- 
aly for  the  remainder  of  his  life;  but  the  Syracusans 
wanted  to  take  him  alive,  and  rejected  his  proposals, 
but  he  escaped  with  the  treasures  of  most  value.  Her- 
aclides  was  mostly  blamed,  suffering  him  to  escape  by 
his  negligence.  The  people  then  turned  against  Dion. 
They  were  afraid  that  he  would  be  a  tyrant.  Dion 
marched  his  troops  towards  the  Syracusans,  as  if  they 
were  going  to  attack  them.  They  ran  away  in  every 
street.  Dion  left  the  Syracusans,  and  they  followed 
him.  He  turned  his  soldiers  against  them,  and  they 
again  ran.  He  marched  to  the  country  of  the  Leon- 
tines,  and  was  well  received.  The  city  was  surrend- 
ered after  being  much  reduced  by  famine.  Many  were 
killed.  Some  had  their  throats  cut  when  half  asleep. 
Houses  were  plundered,  women  and  children  were 
driven  into  the  citadel  in  tears  and  cries  ;  then,  thou- 
sands of  the  people  were  butchered,  and  Dion  was  re- 
quested to  come  back,  and  rule  the  city ;  but  the  peo- 
ple were  divided,  and  did  not  know  what  to  do.  Hor- 
rible iDutchery  was  taking  place  in  the  city,  and  part  of 
it  was  in  flames.  Dion  came  to  assist  the  people.  He 
charged  the  soldiers  who  were  left  of  the  tyrant  Dio- 
nysius. Many  were  killed,  and  Dion  remained  victor 
in  the  city.  Again  there  was  a  division  among  them. 
Harl)arians  cannot  agree.  The  son  of  Dionysius  sur- 
rendered the  city  for  the  second  time.  The  first,  he 
did   not  come   up  to  agreement,  which  was  the  cause 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        I  I  7 

of  this  last  slaughter  and  murder;  the  armies,  ammu- 
nition, and  stores.  He  carried  his  mother  and  sisters 
away,  and  went  to  his  father  with  five  galleys  filled 
with  treasures  and  valuables.  Dion  repaired  the  city, 
and  the  people  were  not  satisfied.  Dion  became  rec- 
onciled to  his  wife  Arete,  whom  Dionysius  married  to 
a  friend  of  his  for  revenge  on  Dion. 

Dion  rewarded  those  who  had  assisted  him.  He 
was  one  of  the  wisest  and  best  captains  of  ancient 
times.  His  mind  was  on  high  and  elevated  sentiments, 
not  on  low  and  vindictive  acts.  He  was  a  good  gen- 
eral, but  he  was  ahead  of  the  times  ;  but  he  could  not 
please  the  ultra  barbarians  of  those  times.  When  they 
were  in  great  and  almost  inextricable  difficulty,  they 
called  on  ]3ion,  but  when  all  was  calm  and  sunshine, 
their  barbarous  independence  was  protuberant;  so 
Dion  would  not  do  for  them.  Aristocracy  always  has 
some  tools,  has  many  even  to  this  day  to  do  their  dirty 
work.  So  it  was  then,  but  it  will  not  always  be  so. 
Aristocracy  will  go  to  the  wall,  and  the  quicker  the 
better.  They  are  the  Bohon  Upas  of  the  world.  The 
sooner  the  people  secretly  despise  and  loathe  and 
abominate  them,  the  better  it  will  be  for  their  interest. 
They  are  a  set  of  blood-suckers,  taking  the  heart's 
blood  of  the  workincr  man.  And  so  it  was  in  ancient 
times.  Working  man,  buckle  on  your  armor,  and  al- 
ways be  ready  for  the  fight.  Not  a  physical,  but  a 
mental  fight  at  the  polls,  and  mind  that  eternal  vigi- 
lance is  the  price  of  liberty.  The  drones  are  watching 
for  to  rob  you  of  your  labor.  They  have  to  rob  you 
or  starve.  How  can  they  live  without  robbing  you  ? 
Can  you  tell  ?  They  do  not  labor,  do  not  earn  any- 
thing; how  can  they  live  without  robbing.^  But  the 
smart  Alexander  says  they  live  by  their  wits.  He  is 
one  of  them.  And  what  is  that  but  robbery.?  Be  ev- 
er on  your  guard,  laboring  man.  Do  not  be  a  gull, 
and  let  the  gull-catcher  lake  you  in  his  claw^s.  Dion 
was  assassinated  by  Calippus.  He  wished  to  make 
himself  master  of  Syracuse,  and  so  he  did,  but  for  a 
short  time.     He  marched  with  his  troops  to  take  Ca- 


ii8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

tana,  and  Syracuse  revolted  against  him.  He  after- 
wards attacked  Messina,  and  he  lost  a  great  many  sol- 
diers, and  all  those  that  murdered  Dion.  No  city  of 
Sicily  would  receive  hini  He  led  a  miserable  life,  and 
was  assassinated  by  Leptines,  with  the  same  dagger 
that  he  caused  Dion  to  be  killed  with.  Dion's  mother 
and  widow  were  murdered  and  thrown  in  the  sea,  and 
the  villain  who  committed  the  crime  was  killed,  and 
his  two  daughters  were  also  killed.  Hipparinus  took 
a  turn  of  thirteen  months  ruling  the  distressed  coun- 
try. Next  the  tyrant  ruled  once  more.  He,  Dionysius 
the  Younger,  again  ascended  the  throne. 

Timoleon,  a  Corinthian,  had  a  brother  named  Tim- 
ophanes  ;  he  was  a  tyrant.  Timoleon  did  not  like  ty- 
rants, and  endeavored  to  persuade  him  from  it,  but 
to  no  purpose;  he  made  use  of  all  the  means  in  his 
power  to  dissuade  him  from  it,  but  he  would  be  a  ty- 
rant, so  he  killed  his  brother,  because  he  was  a  tyrant. 
Dionysius  was  again  dethroned,  never  to  rise  again, 
and  ended  his  days  in  poverty  and  disgrace.  Tim- 
oleon took  the  city  of  Syracuse,  and  Dionysius  sur- 
renders to  him.  Three  hundred  men  were  killed  and 
six  hundred  taken  prisoners.  Timoleon  had  posses- 
sion of  the  city  of  Syracuse,  but  it  did  not  avail  him 
much  ;  grass  was  growing  in  the  streets,  the  people 
were  nearly  all  deserted.  The  reader  has,  no  doubt, 
noticed  what  infamous  work  the  aristocrats  made  of 
government  in  Syracuse.  There  was  no  security  for 
life  or  property,  aristocracy  ran  rampant.  Timoleon 
was  master  of  the  city,  but  it  wanted  people  to  inhabit 
it;  horses  grazed  in  the  streets.  Most  of  the  cities  of 
Sicily  were  in  the  same  condition.  Letters  were  sent 
to  many  ])laces  to  take  compassion  on  the  city,  and 
found  it  the  second  time.  Couriers  were  sent  to 
Asia  to  invite  peoj^le  to  come  to  Corinth,  as  they 
would  furnish  them  with  conveyance  to  Syracuse  ;  upon 
this  Corinth  received  much  praise.  It  is  said  upwards 
of  sixty  thousand  j:)cople  availed  themselves  of  the 
privilege,  and  Timoleon  divided  the  land  among 
them,  but   the  horses    they  had   to  pay    for.     A   large 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         II9 

sum  was  collected  in  that  manner  to  defray  the  ex- 
penses of  the  war,  and  to  give  to  the  poor.  Syracuse 
was  raised  as  from  the  grave  ;  people  flocked  from  all 
parts  to  inhabit  it.  Timoleon  began  his  march  with 
his  army  to  free  other  cities.  He  compelled  Icetas  to 
renounce  allegiance  to  the  Carthagenians.  Leptines, 
a  great  tyrant,  surrendered  himself.  Timoleon,  he 
sent  him  to  Corinth;  he  did  not  kill  and  butcher  the 
tyrants,  but  kept  them  in  security,  and  living  like  ex- 
iles in  humiliation.  That  was  a  man,  ;  he  was  no 
aristocrat;  he  was  a  man  we  delight  to  honor.  You 
will  perceive  that  once  in  a  lifetime  an  exemplary  in- 
dividual appears  on  the  stage  of  action,  who  is  an 
honor  to  his  country,  and  a  shining  example  to  the 
race.  These  are  the  types  of  the  glorious  times  that 
are  in  store  for  the  human  family.  Be  of  good  cheer  ; 
do  your  duty;  you  are  a  factor  in  the  conditions  that 
are  to  make  the  people  happy  and  prosperous.  Do 
not  listen  to  any  person  ;  the  millennium  will  be  brought 
about  by  each  doing  his  duty  to  the  best  of  his 
judgment.  When  a  great  majority  are  determined  to 
do  their  duty  to  the  best  of  their  knowledge  and  be- 
lief, and  use  their  own  free  and  independent  sense 
and  reason,  and  do  not  hearken  to  the  drones,  and  vile 
and  infamous  aristocracy,  then  I  tell  you  the  millen- 
nium is  at  hand.  But  as  long  as  the  people  pin  their 
faith  on  the  sleeves  of  interested  persons,  and  have 
party  on  the  brain,  and  vote  for  my  party,  as  we 
often  hear  fools  say,  so  long  will  they  be  in  slavery, 
and  miserable,  and  abject  serfdom.  Be  your  own 
master;  do  your  own  thinking  ;  how  can  you  succeed, 
if  you  are  led  by  some  other  person  ;  he  will  make  use 
of  you  for  his  benefit.  Look  out  for  your  own  interest, 
no  one  else  will  if  you  do  not.  More  of  this  by  and  by. 
About  this  time  the  Carthagenians  arrived  with  an 
army  of  two  hundred  ships,  and  seventy  thousand 
men,  and  three  hundred  chariots.  Timoleon  did  not 
wait  long,  but  met  them  with  a  few  men,  six  or  seven 
thousand  ;  and  with  those  few  men  he  gained  a  cele- 
brated victory  near  the  river  Crimesus.    We  may  give 


I20  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

an  account  of  this  battle  hereafter.  The  old  tyrants 
he  had  taken  -before  formed  a  powerful  league  against 
him.  Timoleon  took  the  field  and  crushed  the  bloody 
tyrants.  This  time  he  made  them  suffer  for  their  evil 
deeds.  Icetas  and  his  son  were  executed  ;  the  wife  of 
Icetas  and  daughters  were  also  executed.  This  was 
the  same  Icetas  who  threw  Dion  s  mother  and  widow 
into  the  sea,  also  Dion's  infant  son.  Now  there  was 
no  tyrant  in  Syracuse.  The  Corinthians  did  the  most 
in  bringing  this  about.  Timoleon  gave  up  his  author- 
ity and  lived  in  retirement.  The  Syracusans  gave 
him  two  houses,  one  in  the  city  and  one  in  the  coun- 
try. It  is  a  pleasure  to  read  of  such  a  man  as  Timo- 
leon. If  all  men  that  acquired  fame  and  renown  were 
as  humble  and  unambitious  as  Timoleon,  the  millen- 
nium would  now  be  with  us.  Aristocrac}^  is  the  great- 
est evil  in  the  world.  How  can  there  be  such  tyrants 
as  Dionysius  the  Elder  ?  What  benefit  is  it  to  any 
man  }  But  it  is  in  the  times,  in  a  measure.  In  those 
times  we  had  tyrants  and  murderers.  Now  we  have 
liars,  thieves,  robbers,  swindlers,  monopolists,  and  all 
the  devices  of  Asmodeus  in  an  underhanded  way.  We 
will  give  you  an  essay  on  it  after  a  while.  They,  in 
olden  times,  did  crimes  openly  ;  now  it  is  done  fur- 
tively. Many  think  they  are  smart,  yet  are  such 
great  fools  that  they  do  not  know  when  they  are 
robbed.  We  will  post  you.  We  are  writing  for  the 
people,  for  the  workingman,  and  we  will  write  the 
truth.  What  we  have  written  we  want  you  to  read 
the  second  time,  and  remember  what  has  been  done  in 
olden  times.  The  people  have  always  worked  for 
nothing,  and  it  is  high  time  that  a  change  is  made. 
The  people  have  been  fools  long  enough.  The  drones 
have  had  a  good  time  for  a  long  time,  and  now  it  will 
be  fair  to  let  the  workers  have  their  turn.  We  think 
they  are  entitled  to  a  bout.  What  do  you  think  ? 
Turn  about  is  fair  play.  It  is  about  time  that  the 
workingman  hears,  and  has  turkey  on  his  side.  The 
drone  has  had  it  all  the  time.  What  say  you,  friend.? 
We  think  you  will  say  yes. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        121 

Timoleon  was  one  of  the  greatest  men,  if  he  was 
not  the  very  greatest,  of  ancient  times.  When  he  ac- 
quired power  he  did  not  abuse  it,  but  used  it  for  the 
benefit  of  the  people  ;  he  was  a  great  man  truly.  We 
can  perceive  nothing  but  breaches  and  deceit  in  all 
the  doings  of  those  ancient  governments  ;  a  few  excep- 
tions. Ismenius  was  executed.  War,  says  a  would- 
be  philosopher,  is  the  natural  state  of  man.  If  he  had 
said  the  natural  state  of  brutes,  of  lions,  tigers,  bears, 
then  he  would  have  been  right.  So  the  nearer  man 
approximates  to  the  brute,  the  more  he  is  inclined  to 
engage  in  war,  the  more  he  thirsts  for  blood.  The 
British  lion  and  the  Russian  bear  are  good  examples, 
and  they  will  not  rest  in  peace.  Sparta  was  prosper- 
ous, she  was  like  a  saurian,  had  possession  of  nearly 
all  Greece.  They  had  Thebes  in  their  possession  and 
Boeotia.  They  held  Argos  in  dependence.  The  Athe- 
nians were  not  in  a  condition  to  hold  out  against 
them.  If  the  city  or  people  attempted  to  withdraw 
from  them  they  punished  them  immediately,  and 
brought  them  under  their  control.  Great  powers,  such 
as  the  king  of  Persia  and  the  tyrant  of  Syracuse, 
courted  their  friendship  and  alliance.  But  a  prosperi- 
ty acquired  by  injustice  cannot  be  of  long  duration. 
Where  they  had  exercised  the  greatest  injustice  and 
violence,  and  from  a  quarter  the  least  expected,  that 
was  from  Thebes.  Two  citizens  of  noble  families. 
They  were  Pelopidas  and  Epaminondas,  The  first 
was  wealthy  and  he  made  good  use  of  his  riches ;  he 
gave  to  the  poor.  And  what  better  could  he  do  with 
his  fortune  ?  May  all  do  likewise.  While  most  men 
use  their  money  to  impoverish  and  enslave  their  fel- 
low creatures,  he  used  his  to  better  their  conditions. 
Epaminondas  had  none  of  the  fortune  of  the  country. 
He  was  poor,  and  was  born  poor.  These  two  citizens 
were  close  friends.  The  rich  man  offered  to  share  his 
fortune  with  the  poor  man,  but  he  would  not  share 
with  him.  Epaminondas  had  the  greatest  fortune  ; 
that  does  not  take  wings  and  fly  away  ;  it  was  of  the 
head  and  heart.     Such  fortunes  were  in  those  days 


122  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

few  and  far  between,  like  oases  and  springs  in  the 
desert;  it  is  refreshing  to  come  in  contact  with  either. 
They  give  hope  to  the  weary  traveler  in  one  case,  and 
give  joy  and  comfort  to  the  poor  and  those  in  distress 
and  poverty  in  the  other. 

These  two  men  held  the  first  offices  in  the  State. 
Leontides  having  learned  that  the  exiles  had  retired 
to  Athens,  laid  a  plot  to  cut  them  off  secretly;  he  got 
some  unknown  persons,  whom  he  sent  to  assassinate 
the  exiles.  Only  one  was  killed,  and  the  plot  failed. 
At  the  same  time  the  Athenians  received  letters  from 
Sparta,  to  prohibit  the  exiles  from  coming  into  the  city, 
and  expel  those  already  there.  The  Athenians  re- 
jected such  an  inhuman  proposal  with  horror.  A 
conspiracy  was  formed  to  destroy  the  tyrants.  The 
day  for  the  plot  to  be  executed  was  fixed.  Twelve 
persons  offered  to  go,  and  Pelopidas  was  one  of  the 
twelve.  The  twelve  disguised  themselves  as  peasants  ; 
they  entered  the  city  at  different  gates.  It  was  in 
early  winter,  and  it  snowed  at  the  time,  which  assisted 
their  disguise,  as  persons  kept  indoors  on  account  of 
the  storm,  and  they  had  an  excuse  for  covering  their 
faces.  They  separated,  and  entered  at  different  gates. 
They  gave  notice  to  Charon,  a  friend,  when  they  would 
be  at  his  house.  He  prepared  for  them.  They  dressed 
themselves  in  mean  apparel,  taking  hounds  with  them 
and  poles  for  tents,  so  that  they  might  be  taken  for 
hunters.  Now  the  number  was  forty-eight.  A  friend 
of  the  exiles  in  the  plot  invited  the  tyrants  to  a  feast 
that  very  day,  promising  them  an  excellent  repast  and 
the  company  of  some  of  the  finest  women  in  the  city. 
The  tyrants  were  enjoying  the  feast  when  one  of  them 
said  that  the  exiles  were  in  the  city.  The  friend  in 
the  plot  endeavored  to  change  the  discourse.  Orders 
were  sent  to  the  man,  Charon,  to  come  to  the  tyrants 
immediately.  Charon  went  with  the  officers  ;  he  put 
on  a  bold  face,  when  told  this,  and  seemed  astonished. 
He  said  it  was  only  a  false  alarm.  "  But,"  says  he,  "  I 
will  go  instantly  and  make  strict  inquiry."  They  were 
satisfied;  then  a  second  snow  hajjpened.     A  courier 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMV    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       I  23 

arrived  in  great  haste  from  Athens  with  a  packet ; 
but  the  tyrants  were  too  full  of  wine  to  open  packets 
at  that  moment.  Although  the  courier  told  them  to 
open  the  packet,  as  it  was  a  serious  affair,  one  said, 
"  Serious  affair  tomorrow,"  and  continued  the  banquet. 
The  conspirators  divided  into  two  parties,  one  under 
the  command  of  Charon,  and  the  other  under  Pelo- 
pidas,  which  marched  against  Leontides,  who  was  not 
at  the  feast.  Charon  put  on  women's  habits  over  their 
armor,  and  crowned  themselves  with  boughs,  which 
covered  their  faces.  When  they  came  to  the  door  of 
the  apartment  where  the  feast  was  held,  the  guests 
made  a  great  noise,  and  set  up  loud  shouts  of  joy,  but 
they  were  told  that  the  women  would  not  come  until 
the  servants  were  dismissed,  which  was  done  immedi- 
ately. They  were  sent  to  the  neighboring  houses, 
where  they  had  wine  in  abundance.  The  conspirators, 
now  being  masters  of  the  house,  entered,  sword  in 
hand,  and  showed  themselves  in  their  true  colors,  put 
all  the  guests  to  the  sword,  and  with  them  the  magis- 
trates, who  were  full  of  wine,  and  in  no  condition  to 
defend  themselves.  Pelopidas  met  with  more  resist- 
ance. Leontides,  who  was  asleep  in  bed,  awakened  with 
the  noise,  grasped  his  sword,  and  killed  a  few  of  the  as- 
sassins, but  was  soon  killed.  The  exiles  were  soon  ac- 
quainted with  the  result  of  the  murders  ;  the  doors  of  the 
prison  were  broken,  and  five  hundred  prisoners  let  out. 
The  Thebans  were  called  on  to  resume  their  liberty, 
and  arms  were  given  to  all  they  met.  The  spoils  af- 
fixed to  the  porticos  were  taken  down,  and  the  armour- 
ers' and  cu-tlers'  shops  were  broken  open  for  the 
purpose;  and  Epaminondas  Gorgias  came  in  arms  to 
join  them,  accompanied  with  a  numerous  band  of 
young,  and  some  old,  men  of  worth,  whom  they  had 
collected  together.  Next  day,  at  sunrise,  the  exiles  ar- 
rived with  their  arms,  and  their  arrival  was  followed  by 
five  thousand  foot  and  five  hundred  horse.  Others 
came  frem  Boeotia,  making  in  all  twelve  thousand  foot 
and  two  thousand  horse.  They  besieged  the  citadel. 
The  besieged  made  a  vigorous  defense,  in  hopes  of 


124  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

receiving  reinforcements.  When  the  provisions  began 
to  fall  short,  and  famine  to  fall  on  the  rest,  the  troops 
obliged  the  Spartans  to  surrender.  The  garrison  were 
permitted  to  go  where  they  saw  fit.  Aristocracy  was  not 
victorious,  or  we  could  see  the  garrison  slaughtered. 
Aristocracy  had  to  come  under  the  people  this  time. 
But  the  bloody  aristocracy  missed  it  this  time.  They 
had  scarcely  marched  out  of  the  garrison  when  rein- 
forcements came. 

Considerable  space  has  been  taken  in  the  history  of 
Greece.  The  reason  is,  they  were  the  first  in  learning 
and  science  and  the  arts,  but  still  you  will  perceive 
that  they  were  behind  the  civilization  of  the  present 
age.  Their  first  and  continual  occupation  was  war. 
Their  whole  attention  was  directed  to  that  barbarous 
end.  They  were  mostly  engaged  with  each  other  in 
war,  like  the  American  Indians.  They  must  have  war, 
and  if  they  had  no  one  else  to  war  with,  they  would 
fight  with  each  other.  You  will  perceive  that  they 
had  slaves ;  did  work  but  little  themselves.  Their 
slaves  were  called  Helots.  They  took  them  sometimes 
as  soldiers,  but  they  were  not  considered  as  good  as 
free  men.  They  were  nearly  all  the  lime  in  war,  arid 
were  continually  bickering,  contending,  and  warring 
with  some  nation  or  among  themselves.  They  trained 
and  raised  their  children  for  war.  We  have  mention- 
ed some  of  the  learned  men  of  Greece.  They  had  men 
of  renown  ;  men  who  would  shine  conspicuously  in 
any  age  or  nation  ;  men  who  made  their  mark,  and 
will  be  remembered  in  all  time  to  come,  and  they 
should  be  remembered.  They  cannot  be  forgotten ; 
they  are  the  type  of  the  coming  millennium;  the  first 
germ  and  seed  of  the  perfect  man  to  come.  But,  says 
the  ignominious  and  infamous  aristocrat,  they  were 
barbarians.  It  is  not  a  tenth  part  as  bad  to  be  a  bar- 
barian in  that  age,  as  to  be  one  now,  as  the  aristocrat 
is.  He  who  has  had  the  accumulated  light  of  ages, 
and  lets  his  eyes  become  dormant  as  cave  fishes,  is 
very  highly  culj)ablc.  Me  will  not  see,  although  he 
has  eyes,  anrl  is  determined  not  to  hear,  although   he 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        1 25 

has  ears.  Such  an  incorrigible  and  intractable  idiot  is 
the  aristocratic  drone.  He  will  not  learn  by  experience, 
though  fools  may.  Next  we  will  allot  some  time  and 
space  to  the  Macedonians,  commencing  with  Philip, 
three  hundred  and  sixty  years  before  Christ.  He  was 
not  the  lawful  heir.  He  governed  for  some  time  by 
the  title  of  guardian,  but  the  people  wanted  a  man  to 
govern,  and  placed  Philip  on  the  throne.  He  did  all 
he  could  to  answer  the  expectations  of  the  people.  He 
was  very  severe.  A  soldier  went  out  of  the  ranks  to 
drink.  He  punished  him  severely.  Another  who  should 
have  stood  to  his  arms  threw  them  down;  he  ordered 
him  executed.  It  was  he  who  established  the  Mace- 
donian phalanx,  which  afterwards  became  so  famous. 
He  treated  those  soldiers  with  peculiar  distinction  ; 
honored  them  with  the  title  of  his  comrades  or  com- 
panions, which  induced  them  to  bear  without  mur- 
muring the  hardest  fatigues.  We  shall  give  a  de- 
scription of  this  phalanx.  The  first  thing  he  did  was 
to  make  a  treaty  of  peace  with  the  Athenians.  He 
then  showed  his  true  colors — cunning  and  strategy  and 
policy.  Next  he  took  Amphipolis,  a  city  on  the  bor- 
der of  his  kingdom,  which  was  convenient  for  him. 
He  could  not  keep  it,  as  it  would  weaken  his  army, 
and  the  Athenians  claimed  it ;  so  he  declared  the  place 
free  by  permitting  the  people  to  have  a  republic,  and 
in  this  manner  set  them  at  variance  with  their  former 
masters.  At  the  same  time  he  disarmed  Peonians  by 
presents  and  promises,  resolving  to  attack  them  after 
he  had  divided  his  enemies,  and  thereby  weakened 
them.  He  soon  was  firmly  seated  on  the  throne,  with- 
out competitors.  Having  barred  the  entrance  of  his 
kingdom  to  Pausanius,  he  marched  against  Argaegus, 
overtakes  him,  defeats  him,  kills  a  great  many  of  his 
soldiers,  and  takes  a  number  of  prisoners  ;  attacks  the 
Peonians  and  subjects  them  to  his  power.  He,  you 
see,  is  a  ferocious  tiger,  without  scruple  or  sympathy. 
He  afterwards  turns  his  armies  against  the  Illyrians, 
cuts  them  to  pieces,  and  obliges  them  to  restore  to 
him  all  the  places  possessed  by  them  in   Macedonia. 


126  THE    WORKTNGMANS    GUIDE. 

Philip  spares  neither  artifice,  force,  presents  nor  prom- 
ises. He  employs  negotiations,  treaties  and  alliances, 
and  in  such  a  manner  as  is  best  for  his  designs.  He  had 
promised  the  Athenians  to  give  up  Amphipolis  ;  by 
this  promise  he  lulled  them  to  ease.  But  he  was  not 
a  beast  of  his  word.  He  also  took  Pinda  and  part  of 
Potidnea.  The  Athenians  kept  a  garrison  in  the  lat- 
ter city.  Those  he  dismissed,  and  gave  the  city  to  the 
Olynthians,  to  lull  therri  to  sleep.  He  seized  Climides, 
which  the  Thracians  had  built  two  years  before,  which 
he  named  after  himself,  Phillippi.  It  was  Brutus  and 
Cassius  who  were  defeated  near  this  place.  And 
Philip  also  opened  gold  mines,  which  yielded  a  thous- 
and talents  a  year,  a  great  sum  of .  money  in  those 
times.  He  then  caused  a  gold  coin  to  be  struck,  which 
made  money  plenty  in  Macedon.  So  then  he  was 
enabled  to  hire  foreign  soldiers,  keep  a  great  army,  and 
bribe  many  reptiles  in  any  country  he  chose,  when  it 
was  for  his  advantage.  He  consulted  the  oracle  Del- 
phi, and  received  in  answer:  "  Make  coin  thy  weapon, 
and  thou  wilt  conquer  all."  He  made  the  advice  the 
rule  of  his  life.  The  same  rule  the  C.  P.  R.  R.  has 
adopted  for  along  time.  Reptiles.  And  when  he  paid 
for  a  battle,  he  made  ten  times  as  much  by  plundering 
the  cities.  So  the  aristocracy  ;  when  they  buy  voters, 
they  get  it  back  ten-fold  in  stealing  and  plundering  the 
people.  We  will  post  you  in  time.  Keep  your  eye  on 
the  Winchester;  you  shall  know  all,  if  you  desire  to. 
But  fools  and  fanatics  are  bound  to  be  smirched  and 
gulled.  Let  them  go  to  destruction  ;  do  not  follow 
them  ;  take  your  own  counsel ;  take  no  heed  of  aris- 
tocracy. If  you  follow  them,  3''ou  will  not  come  back. 
They  will  take  you  to  the  place  that  has  no  return.  All 
they  want  is  your  labor's  remuneration. 

But  we  will  resume,  Philip  married  Olympias,  the 
daughter  of  Ncoptolemus.  He  was  absent,  and  he  had 
the  news  of  three  great  pieces  of  news  ;  one  was  that  he 
had  earned  a  prize  at  the  Olympian  games;  the  second 
that  one  of  his  generals  had  gained  a  great  victory, 
and  tlic  third  that  his  wife  was  delivered  of  a  son.      He 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         I  27 

wrote  a  letter  to  Aristotle  that  he  would  employ  him 
as  teacher  for  his  son.  This  was  Alexander  the  Great. 
This  was  about  three  hundred  and  fifty  years  before 
Christ.  The  Phalanx  was  an  army  of  sixteen  thous- 
and men,  sixteen  deep;  that  is,  one  thousand  in  front, 
sixteen  in  flank ;  each  had  a  pike  twenty-one  feet 
long.  When  marching,  they  were  six  feet  apart ;  when 
receiving  a  charge,  only  three  feet  apart.  The  fifth 
row,  and  all  behind,  had  their  pikes  raised.  On  level 
ground,  a  charge  could  make  no  impression  on  them; 
but,  all  in  all,  they  were  of  no  advantage,  and  the  Ro- 
mans often  broke  their  phalanx.  Paul  us  Nemilius 
gained  a  great  battle  over  Perseus;  he  had  attacked 
the  phalanx  in  front,  and  lost  many  men  ;  but  coming 
on  uneven  ground, he  broke  in  on  them  in  different  plac- 
es ;  and  when  once  the  phalanx  was  broken  it  was  an 
unwieldly  concern,  and  could  not  rally  ;  and  then  they 
were  cut  to  pieces.  Good  soldiers  did  not  fear  the 
phalanx.  They  could  easily  keep  out  of  their  way, 
and  the  phalanx  would  have  to  be  careful,  or  they 
would  get  in  a  snarl  for  want  of  room.  But  we  have 
had  enough  of  this.  We  will  give  a  short  sketch  of 
the  sacred  war.  It  happened  355  before  Christ.  Adel- 
phi  was  the  name  of  a  city  in  Greece;  in  that  city 
there  was  a  temple  by  the  name  of  Adelphi ;  it  was 
built  in  honor  of  the  god  Apollo,  and  a  woman  presid- 
ed ;  she  was  called  Priestess.  Thousands  of  people 
went  to  that  temple  to  have  their  fortune  told  by  the 
Priestess.  They  called  it  the  Oracle,  and  she  told 
many  true  things.  Rollin  believes  that  the  demons 
can  tell  some  things  to  pass  in  future.  (Fie  !)  This 
temple  had  millions  of  dollars.  $8,600,000  was  taken 
out,  made  by  telling  fortunes.  When  they  had  their 
fortunes  told,  they  called  it  consulting  the  oracle. 
Before  a  battle  was  fought,  they  consulted  the  oracle. 
What  folly  !  They  did  not  consider  all  this  egregious 
superstition.  It  was  presided  over  by  the  god  Apollo. 
The  priestess  delivered  orally  or  by  letter  the  oracle. 
The  people  who  lived  near  Delphi  ploughed  up  cer- 
tain lands  that  were    consecrated    to    Apollo,  which 


128  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

were  thereby  profaned.  The  people  exclaimed  against 
them  as  guilty  of  sacrilege ;  the  guilty  parties  were 
summoned  before  the  States  General  of  Greece  ;  and 
the  whole  affair  being  examined,  the  people  called 
Phoc^ans  were  declared  sacrilegious,  and  sentenced 
to  pay  a  heavy  fine.  Philomelus,  one  of  the  chief  cit- 
izens, a  bold  man  of  great  authority,  having  proved, 
by  some  verses  of  Homer,  that  the  sovereignty  of  the 
temple  of  Delphi  belonged  anciently  to  the  Phocasans, 
which  inflames  them  against  the  decree  fixing  the  fine, 
and  induces  them  against  the  fine  to  take  arms,  and 
Philomelus  is  appointed  general.  He  goes  to  Sparta 
to  engage  the  Lacedaemonians  in  his  interest.  The 
king  of  Sparta  gave  Philomelus  a  kind  reception. 
This  monarch  did  not  yet  dare  to  declare  openly  in  fa- 
vor of  the  Phocaeans,  but  promised  to  assist  him  with 
money,  and  to  furnish  him  secretly,  which  he  did.  Phil- 
omelus, on  his  return  home,  raised  soldiers,  and  be- 
gan by  attacking  the  temple  of  Delphi,  which  he  easi- 
ly took,  the  people  making  but  a  feeble  resistance. 
The  Locrians,  a  people  near  Delphi,  took  up  arms 
against  him,  but  were  defeated  in  several  encounters. 
Philomelus,  encouraged  by  these  first  successes,  in- 
creased his  troops  daily,  and  put  himself  in  a  condition 
to  carry  on  his  enterprise  with  vigor.  He  enters  the 
temple,  tears  from  the  pillars  the  decree  of  the  States 
General,  imposing  the  fine  against  the  Phocasans,  pub- 
lishes all  over  the  country  that  he  has  no  design  to 
seize  the  riches  of  the  temple,  and  that  his  sole  view  is 
to  restore  to  the  people  their  ancient  rights  and  privi- 
leges. It  was  necessary  for  him  to  have  sanction  from 
the  god  who  presided  at  Delphi,  and  to  receive  such 
an  answer  from  the  oracle  as  might  he  favorable  to 
him.  The  Priestess  at  first  refused  to  cooperate  on 
this  occasion,  but  being  terrified  by  menaces,  she  an- 
swered that  the  god  permitted  him  to  do  whatever  he 
should  think  j)roper,  a  circumstance  which  he  took 
care  to  jjublish  to  all  the  neighboring  nations.  The 
affair  was  now  becoming  serious. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        1 29 


CHAPTER  IX. 

IMMORALITY  AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY. 

The  States  General  met  the  second  time,  and  passed 
a  resolution  declaring  war  against  the  Phoca^ans. 
Most  of  the  Greecian  states  engaged  in  this  crusade, 
and  other  neighboring  people  declared  in  favor  of  the 
god.  Sparta,  Athens,  and  some  other  cities  declared 
in  favor  of  the  Phocaeans.  Philomelus  had  not  yet 
touched  the  gold  of  the  temple,  but  he  made  up  his 
mind  they  could  best  be  used  in  the  defense  of  the 
god.  He  then  being  in  abundant  of  funds,  doubled 
the  pay  of  his  soldiers,  which  augmented  his  army. 
Several  battles  were  fought,  neither  side  gaining  any 
advantage.  The  Thebans  having  taken  several  pris- 
oners, butchered  them  as  heretics.  The  other  party 
done  the  same.  It  appears  that  a  religious  war  is  the 
most  inhuman  of  all  wars,  and  that  persons  contending 
for  a  belief  are  more  positive  and  heartless  than  men 
who  are  contesting:  for  an  absolute  fact.  So  we  see 
that  a  religious  war  is  an  exterminating  one.  Philo- 
melus, their  leader,  being  closely  attacked  on  an  emi- 
nence from  which  he  could  not  retreat,  defended  him- 
self bravely,  which  did  not  avail;  and  he  knowing  that 
he  would  be  butchered  if  taken  alive,  threw  himself 
from  a  rock,  and  prevented  the  fanatics  from  torturing 
him.  His  brother  took  command  of  the  army,  and 
raised  a  fresh  army.  The  double  pay  he  offered  pro- 
cured soldiers  from  every  quarter.  He  also  bought 
several  chiefs  over,  as  he  was  in  Delphian  funds,  by 
which  he  gained  many  advantages.  Money  makes  the 
cars  go.  Philip,  the  king  of  Macedon,  remained  for  a 
time  neutral;  no  doubt  well  pleased  to  see  his  neigh- 
bors butcher  one  another,  resolving  to  enter  in  the 
fight  when  the  fools  had  reduced  themselves.  This 
the  old  tiger  did.  He  had  made  some  conquest  in 
Thrace,  and  he  saw  that  now  was  a  good  opportunity 
to  finish  that  state.  He  wanted  a  small  city  called 
Methone,  which  was  in  his  way,  when  in  the  hands  of 
9 


130  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

his  enemies.  So,  following  ihe  instincts  of  his  desires 
and  interest,  he  besieged  the  city,  took  it,  and  razed  it 
to  the  ground,  proving  that  tiger  is  a  proper  name  for 
him.  But  Philip  had  bad  fortune.  An  expert  archer 
of  Amphipolis  could  bring  down  birds  in  their  most 
rapid  flight.  He  applied  to  Philip  to  serve  him.  Phil- 
ip told  him  when  he  wanted  to  make  war  on  starlings, 
he  would  employ  him,  which  highly  displeased  him. 
His  name  was  Aster.  When  the  battle  raged,  he  let 
fly  an  arrow  on  which  was  written :  "  To  Philip's 
right  eye."  Philip  sent  back  the  same  arrow  with  this 
inscription  :  ''  When  Philip  takes  the  city,  he  will 
hang  Aster  up."     And  he  was  as  good  as  his  word. 

Philip  next  marched  against  the  Phocaeans.  Ono- 
marcus  was  their  general.  The  Phocaeans  at  first  gain- 
ed advantage  over  Philip,  but  in  engaging  him  the 
second  time  they  were  entirely  defeated,  and  their  army 
entirely  routed.  The  flying  troops  were  pursued  to 
the  seashore.  Upwards  of  six  thousand  were  killed, 
and  among  them  was  the  general,  whose  body  was 
hung  on  a  gallows;  and  three  thousand  who  were  taken 
prisoners  were  thrown  into  the  sea  by  Philip's  order, 
as  so  many  sacrilegious  wretches,  the  professed  enemies 
of  religion.  What  a  religion  that  was,  all  for  the  God 
Apollo.  Would  such  fanaticism  be  tolerated  at  this 
day;  has  the  ^noxX^. progressed ;  does  it  look  as  man  is 
a  failure,  as  the  simpleton  says  ;  are  morals  no  better 
now  than  then  1  He  who  has  no  respect  for  what  he 
says  will  say  they  are  not.  There  is  a  band  of  four 
million  strong  that  will  say  we  are  going  back  into 
barbarism  ;  they  have  been  there  always,  and  they 
think  all  will  follow  them,  or  rather  go  to  them,  as  they 
are  miserable  and  want  company.  It  galls  them  to  see 
honest  and  virtuous  citizens,  and  they  want  to  pull 
others  down  to  their  level.  Phayllus  succeeded  his 
brother.  Onomarcus  took  more  of  the  immense  rich- 
es out  of  the  temple,  raised  a  numerous  army,  and  sup- 
ported by  the  allies,  whom  he  i:)aid  well,  w^nt  into  Boe- 
otia  and  invaded  the  Thebans  ;  but  he  being  attacked 
with  a  vif)lent  and  suflden  distemiDcr,  he  inflicted  a  last 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        I31 

punishment  on  himself.  Rollin  says,  ended  his  life 
worthy  of  his  impieties  and  sacrilegious  actions.  Very 
well  said  for  Rollin. in  siding  with  the  pagans.  Phalecus 
very  young;  was  placed  in  his  room,  and  Muaseas  was 
appointed  his  counsellor.  They  had  a  large  fund  to 
draw  from,  and  they  employed  the  opportunity.  The 
PhocDeans  appointed  a  commission  to  call  those  to  an 
account  who  had  controlled  the  public  money.  Phal- 
ecus was  deposed,  and  it  was  found  that  $8,611,000 
had  been  taken  out  of  the  temple.  Philip,  after  hav- 
ing freed  the  Thessalians,  resolved  to  carry  his  arms 
into  Phocis.  This  was  the  first  attempt  the  old  tiger 
made  to  get  footing  into  Greece,  with  a  pretence  of 
going  into  Phocis  to  punish  the  sacrilegous  Phoceeans, 
so  Rottan  says.  He  went  to  the  pass  of  Thermopylae, 
and  took  possession  of  that  celebrated  pass,  which  he 
had  no  right  whatever  to  have  done.  We  were  too 
fast — he  marched  to  take  possession  of  the  pass,  but 
the  Athenians  seeing  what  the  old  tiger  was  up  to, 
marched  to  the  pass  before  he  got  there,  and  he  dare 
not  force  it,  so  the  old  tiger  sneaked  back  to  Mace- 
don. 

Rollin,  the  historian,  says  the  Athenians  at  this 
time  are  sadly  degenerated.  He  says  they  were  no 
■longer  the  same  men,  had  no  longer  the  same  max- 
ims or  the  same  manners.  No  longer  the  same  zeal 
for  the  public  good,  the  same  application  to  the  af- 
fairs of  state,  the  same  courage  in  enduring  fatigues 
of  war  by  sea  and  land,  the  same  care  in  managing  the 
revenues,  the  same  willingness  to  receive  salutary  ad- 
vice, the  same  .discernment  in  the  choice  of  generals 
and  magistrates,  to  administer  to  the  state.  To  these 
may  be  added  a  fondness  for  repose  and  indolence  in 
public  affairs,  a  profusion  of  the  public  treasures  in 
games  and  shows,  a  love  for  the  flattery  of  the  ora- 
tors, and  conferring  public  offices  by  intrigue  and 
cabal ;  all  are  the  usual  forerunners  of  the  approach- 
ing ruin  of  states.  This  picture  is,  we  think,  not  too 
highly  colored.  But  the  historian  does  not  give  the 
reason  of  this  change,  and  we  are  satisfied  he  is  not 


132  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

qualified  to  give  the  reason.  He  is  a  monarchy  up- 
holder. He  does  not  know  that  the  people  are  no  ac- 
count, politically,  in  a  monarch3^  They  have  no  oc- 
casion to  attend  to  the  good  of  the  country;  they  can 
do  nothing.  Monarchy  keeps  the  people  in  check, 
and  they  cannot  exercise.  And  if  they  express  their 
sentiments,  the  next  thing  they  know  they  are  look- 
ing through  the  grates.  The  only  manner  of  strength- 
ening a  faculty  is  by  using  it.  Can  you  use  your  fac- 
ulty of  making  laws,  when  you  dare  not  say  what  you 
think.?  It  is  only  by  the  exercise  of  independence 
(which  can  not  be  done  where  liberty  is  restricted) 
that  good  and  wholesome  laws  will  be  found  ;  and 
when  the  people  are  hampered  and  fettered,  their  po- 
litical faculties  will  be  dormant.  Aristocracy  has  done 
more  than  all  other  reasons  in  keeping  the  people  in 
ignorance;  they  do  not  want  the  people  to  know  any- 
thing about  politics.  We  can  point  you  to  many 
dunces  that  only  say  and  do  what  their  file  leaders 
say.  Can  they  know  the  first  axiom  in  politics  ?  No. 
If  you  want  good  government  you  must  hamstring 
aristocracy ;  do  not  listen  to  them,  and  if  they  say 
anything  give  them  the  cold  shoulder.  We  have  giv- 
en you  a  hint  which  the  historian  is  an  utter  stranger 
to.  He  is  for  monarchy,  which  is  also  aristocracy, 
which  is  poverty  and  ignorance  and  slavery  for  the 
masses. 

Demosthenes  warns  the  Athenians  against  the  wiles 
and  machinations  of  King  Philip.  He  calls  upon 
them  to  iDCware  in  time  ;  but  the  Athenians,  as  before 
noticed,  had  become  negligent,  and  Philip's  gold  had 
produced  some  effect,  and  he  was  always  sclieming 
to  get  the  advantage  of  some  nation.  Greece  was  di- 
vided, and  Phih"p  was  laying  plans  to  profit  by  those 
divisions.  Olinthus  was  a  colony  of  Athens.  Philip 
desired  the  possession  of  that  cit}',  and  he  prepared  to 
besiege  it.  They  saw  the  storm,  and  sent  to  the  Athe- 
nians for  aid.  TJiey  debated  the  subject  in  the  as- 
sembly. Demosthenes  was  for  sending  them  aid.  He 
said    of    IMiilip:   "lie    is  a    corruptor,   who,   with    Jiis 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        I  33 

purse,  bargains,  traffics,  buys,  and  employs  gold,  no 
less  than  iron;  a  lucky  prince,  on  whom  fortune  lav- 
ishes her  favors,  and  for  whom  she  seems  to  have  for- 
gotten her  inconstancy;  but,  on  the  other  side,  this 
same  Philip  is  an  imprudent  man,  who  measures  his 
vast  projects  not  by  his  strength,  but  merely  by  his 
ambition  ;  a  rash  man,  who,  by  his  attempts,  himself 
digs  the  grave  of  his  own  grandeur,  and  opens  preci- 
pices down  which  a  small  effort  would  throw  him  ;  a 
knave,  whose  power  is  raised  on  the  most  ruinous  of 
all  foundations,  breach  of  faith  and  villainy;  a  usurper, 
hated  universally  abroad,  who,  by  trampling  on  all 
laws,  human  and  divine,  has  made  all  nations  his  ene- 
mies ;  a  tyrant  detested  even  in  the  heart  of  his  do- 
minions, in  which,  by  the  infamy  of  his  actions  and 
his  other  vices,  he  has  tired  out  the  patience  of  his 
captains,  his  soldiers,  and  all  his  subjects ;  to  con- 
clude, a  perjured  and  impious  wretch,  equally  abhorred 
by  heaven  and  earth,  and  whom  the  gods  are  now  on 
the  point  of  destroying,  by  any  hand  that  will  admin- 
ister to  their  wrath  and  second  their  vengeance." 
Such  is  the  picture  that  the  orator  draws  of  the  char- 
acter of  King  Philip,  of  Macedon.  It  no  doubt  is,  in 
principal  points,  true ;  but  some  particulars  we  can 
not  judge  upon.  The  truth  stands  out  to  the  full 
view  of  every  sensible  man,  that  public  men  in  every 
country  are  overestimated  by  their  followers,  and  if 
properly  weighed,  they  will  be  found  wanting. 

"  Or,  if  parts  allure  thee,  see  how  Bacon  shined, 
The  wisest,  brij^htest,  meanest  of  mankind." 

If  those  who  govern  us  should  be  correctly  esti- 
mated, the  above  two  lines,  we  are  satisfied,  would  de- 
scribe them  to  perfection.     So  are  the  drones. 

Deniades,  bribed  by  Philip's  gold,  opposed  strenu- 
ously the  advice  of  the  orator  Demosthenes.  The  Athe- 
nians sent  two  thousand  men  and  thirty  galleys.  This 
did  not  prevent  the  designs  of  Philip,  for  he  marches 
into  Chalcis,  takes  several  places  of  strength,  makes 
himself  master  of  the  fortress  Gira,  which  he  demolish- 


I  34  THE    WORKTNGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

es  ;  and  spreads  terror  throughout  the  whole  country. 
The  difficulty  was,  in  raising  funds  to  pay  the  expenses 
necessary  for  the  support  of  the  army,  because  the 
nnilitary  funds  were  otherwise  employed  ;  mainly  for 
the  celebration  of  the  public  games.  The  Athenians 
had  a  law,  giving  each  person  who  went  to  the  games 
and  public  shows  money  to  pay  his  admittance,  or 
part  of  it.  We  think  each  person  received  about  seven 
cents.  The  common  people  m,ade  the  rich  pay  the  taxes. 
The  rich  murdered ;  but  the  people  paid  but  little  atten- 
tion to  them.  Any  person  who  should  undertake  to 
abrogate  the  law  of  free  tickets  or  admission,  or  taxes, 
would  be  in  danger  of  his  life.  Some  demagogue  origi- 
nated that  law  to  gain  popularity.  This  is  not  a  new 
thing  in  this  day,  but  that  law  excels  any  law  of  this 
day ;  but  we  may  quote  the  pension  law  in  some  of  its 
phases.  It  is  demagogues  that  originate  most  of  them  ; 
sometimes  they  overdo  the  matter.  The  man  who 
wants  to  be  popular,  is  always  looking  out  for  the  right 
winds  on  his  sails.  The  tis^er  was  still  after  Olinthus, 
and  the  Athenians  again  sent  troops  and  galleys.  It 
was  taken  the  following  year  by  the  use  of  the  tiger's 
gold.  Two  of  the  officials  sold  themselves,  and  we 
know  of  many  that  will  do  the  same.  When  the  tigers 
buy  live  furniture,  they  know  how  they  are  to  get 
many  times  their  money  back.  The  people  have  to 
pay  the  bribe  money.  The  tiger  plundered  the  city, 
put  many  in  chains,  and  sold  the  remainder  for  slaves. 
He,  no  doubt,  got  ten  times  as  much  money  back  as 
he  gave  the  traitors,  he  then  could  buy  more  cattle,  as 
they  are  no  better  than  cattle.  The  tiger  was  over- 
joyed at  having  this  city  ;  it  was  in  the  way  of  his  pred- 
atory excursions.  The  tiger  did  not  lose  many  men 
in  taking  the  city,  and  it  was  a  money-making  opera- 
tion for  him.  Now  he  was  in  funds,  and  the  merciless 
marauder  was  ready  for  more  devastations.  He  now 
caused  the  shows  and  public  games  to  be  exhibited 
with  the  utmost  magnificence.  And  he  supplemented 
them  with  luxurious  feasts  and  sumptuous  entertain- 
ments, by  which  he  made  himself  transcendently  popu- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMV    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        I  35 

lar.     The  Phocaians  and  most  of  Greece  were  engaged 
in  the  sacred  war. 

While  the  fanatics  were  mangling,  murdering,  maim- 
ing and  mutilating  each  other,  the  tiger  in  his  lair  laid 
watching  the  simpletons,  and  when  they  were  crippled 
and  exhausted,  he  joined  in  the  combat  and  took  the 
prize.  He  joined  the  Thebans,  and  made  himself  pop- 
ular again  by  being  on  the  side  of  the  god  Apollo. 
This  was  in  the  sacred  war  the  idiots  were  engaged 
in.  But  the  tiger  cared  for  no  god;  blood  and  filthy 
lucre  was  his  god;  all  he  cared  for  was  only  if  a  busi- 
ness was  lucrative.  The  Thebans  requested  Philip  to 
join  in  the  sacred  war  ;  he  knew  when  the  right  time 
came ;  he  did  not  lose  sight  of  his  object,  Greece,  and 
this  opportunity  was  just  what  he  wanted,  and  he  em- 
braced it;  he  had  no  religion  but  lucre.  He  desired 
to  possess  the  pass  of  Thermopylae,  and  appropriate 
the  honor  of  the  war  to  himself,  and  to  preside  in  the 
Pythian  games  ;  and  by  aiding  Thebes  he  might  pos- 
sess himself  of  Procis,  which  he  had  his  eye  on  for  a 
long  time.  He  played  a  double  game,  but  he  did  it 
treacherously,  tiger  like.  How  detestable  such  beasts 
are  ;  we  all  should  abhor  and  detest  them  ;  they  are  a 
damage  to  their  race,  and  retard  civilization.  We 
should  have  had  a  heaven  on  this  earth  thousands  of 
years  ago,  if  there  had  never  been  such  reptiles  in  the 
world,  and  we  can  tell  you  how  to  get  rid  of  them  legit- 
imately, honorably  and  morally;  that  will  be  the  great 
question  solved,  a  nezv  departure.  And  we  will  tell  you 
before  we  get  through  this  book,  but  you  must  do  your 
duty.  But  we  tell  you  that  if  you  don't,  thousands  and 
tens  of  thousands,  and  millions,  and  hundreds  of  mil- 
lions will  see  that  the  time  is  coming  that  labor  will 
rule,  and  infamous  aristocracy  will  become  a  corporal's 
guard.  We  always  will  have  a  few  of  them,  to  let  the 
people  know  what  reptiles  once  ruled  the  earth.  The 
tiger  Philip  marched  against  the  Phocceans;  they  were 
weary,  worn,  wasted  and  woeful  wretches.  The  Pho- 
caeans,  when  they  saw  the  tiger's  soldiers,  knew  that 
they  were  subdued.     Then   the   tiger   again   made   a 


136  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

point;  he  was  considered  the  protector  of  religion. 
What  a  religion  they  had  in  that  day !  You  have  read 
of  their  offering  up  children,  hundreds  at  a  time,  to 
their  god  Saturn.  A  great  religion,  that.  Whipping 
children  to  please  their  goddess  Diana,  until  they  died 
under  the  chastisement.  Barbarous  religion.  What 
would  the  people  of  this  day  do  with  a  people  if  they 
embraced  such  a  religion  ?  They  would  say  :  O  re- 
ligion, what  crimes  have  been  done  in  thy  name  ! 
But  that  was  no  religion.  The  true  religion  is  to  do 
what  is  right. 

Philip  decrees  that  the  cities  of  Procis  shall  be  de- 
stroyed ;  that  they  all  be  reduced  to  small  towns  of 
sixty  houses  each ;  and  that  those  who  committed  sac- 
rilege (that  is,  ploughed  the  ground  which  was  conse- 
crated to  Apollo)  should  be  proscribed,  and  that  the 
remainder  shall  not  enjoy  their  possessions.  (He  pun- 
ished the  whole  for  what  a  few  had  done.)  That  they 
shall  pay  an  annual  tribute,  until  the  whole  sum  taken 
out  of  the  temple  of  Delphi  was  paid.  We  venture  to 
say  that  it  was  not  paid.  You  will  recollect  that  it 
was  $8,61 1,000;  and  he  also  debarred  them  from  seats 
in  the  council  of  the  States-General,  and  that  the  seats 
should  be  traitsferred  to  him,  The  Tiger.  They  also 
gave  him  the  control  of  the  Pythian  games.  The 
Athenians  were  dissatisfied  with  the  peace  that  the 
tiger  had  made.  You  have  noticed  how  the  ferocious 
tiger  edged  himself  in  this  dispute,  and,  then,  like  the 
judge  who  decided  the  dispute  between  the  two  men 
who  found  an  oyster,  he  took  the  oyster,  and  gave  each 
of  them  a  shell.  So  the  tiger  took  the  oyster,  and  the 
Grecian  states  got  the  shells.  After  Philij)  had  settled 
everything  relating  to  the  worship  of  the  god,  and  the 
security  of  the  temple  of  Delphi,  he  returned  to  Mac- 
edon  crowned  witli  glory.  He,  being  satisfied  by  get- 
ting a  footing  in  Greece,  by  seizing  the  pass  of  Ther- 
mopyla.',  and  subjecting  Procis;  and  made  himself  one 
of  the  judges  of  Greece,  and  gained  the  esteem  and 
applause  of  all  nations,  concluded  that  it  would  be  the 
wisest  step  for  liini,  then,  to  turn  his  attention  in  anoth- 


IMMORALHY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        1 37 

er  direction ;  and  in  order  to  avoid  suspicion  among 
the  Greeks,  he  turned  his  arms  against  Illyria.  The 
same  motive  prompted  him  to  go  into  Thrace.  In  the 
besfinninor  of  his  reisn  he  had  taken  from  the  Athe- 
nians  several  strong  places  in  that  country.  He  still 
carried  on  his  conquests  there  as  before.  He  took 
Olympus.  He  took  thirty-two  cities  ;  Chalcis,  which 
is  part  of  Thrace.  He  took  other  cities  also.  Demos- 
thenes warned  the  Athenians  to  watch  the  tiger.  That 
they  must  be  rejydy  for  him  at  all  times,  as  they  did 
not  know  at  what  time  he  would  pounce  on  them  ; 
but  the  Athenians  had  lost  their  spirit,  so  they  were 
negligent,  and  inattentive  to  the  affairs  of  state,  and 
the  tiger  had  his  eye  on  them.  After  the  affair  of 
Thrace  and  Illyria,  Philip  turned  his  attention  to  Pel- 
oponnesus. Terrible  commotions  prevailed  at  this 
time  in  that  country.  Lacedemonia  assumed  the  sov- 
ereignty of  it.  Argos  and  Messene,  being  oppressed, 
had  resource  to  Philip  for  aid. 

Philip  made  an  alliance  with  several  of  the  Grecian 
States  in  order.  So  the  tiger  then  dictated  a  decree 
to  the  Lacedemonians  that  Mascene  and  Argos  should 
be  independent.  And  at  the  same  time  he  ordered  a 
large  body  of  troops  to  march  that  way.  The  tiger 
saw  Uboea,  from  its  situation,  was  calculated  to  favor 
his  designs  on  Greece,  as  he  called  it  the  shackles  of 
Greece.  Athenians  were  opposed  to  have  that  island 
fall  into  the  hands  of  Philip,  but  they  remained  inac- 
tive, while  he  was  very  busy  at  work  at  his  conquests. 
The  Athenians  and  Thebans  unite  against  Philip  af- 
ter he  is  appointed  Generalissimo  of  Greece.  How 
that  could  be  done  appears  strange,  but  it  was  the 
fact.  He  was  harassed  by  sea.  The  Athenians  had 
more  ships  than  Philip,  so  they  crippled  him  very 
much.  He  could  sell  but  little,  and  buy  but  little  to 
or  from  foreigners.  It  was  a  sore  evil.  They  soon 
came  to  battle  near  Chersonesus.  It  was  a  hard  fought 
battle.  Alexander  the  Great,  who  was  but  sixteen  or 
seventeen  years  old,  had  command  of  a  part  of  the 
army.      It  was  he  who  broke  the  sacred  battalion  (after 


138  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

a  long  contest)  of  the  Thebans,  and  they  were  routed. 
Philip  also  charged  the  Athenians  with  his  phalanx, 
attacked  them  in  front  and  rear,  and  routed  them. 
The  allied  Greeks  lost  about  six  thousand  men.  Philip 
is  declared  General  of  the  Greeks.  He  has  trouble 
with  his  wife,  and  the  tiger  is  jealous,  and  divorces 
her,  and  he  marries  a  young  woman,  Cleopatra,  At- 
tains, uncle  to  Philip's  last  wife,  had  insulted  Pausa- 
nius,  and  Pausanius  desired  Philip  to  interest  him  in 
his  favor.  The  tiger  put  him  off.  ,  He  now  was  re- 
lated to  Mains.  The  king  gave  Pausanius  some  small 
present,  thinking  thereby  to  appease  Pausanius.  But 
it  made  matters  worse,  and  Pausanius  meditated  a 
crime,  which  he  executed.  The  same  Attains  insulted 
Alexander  the  Great,  at  the  wedding  of  the  king's 
daughter,  and  Alexander  threw  a  cup  at  his  head.  He 
threw  one  at  Alexander.  Philip,  the  tiger,  enraged, 
drew  his  sword,  and  ran  towards  his  son.  His  son 
came  towards  him.  The  king,  being  lame,  fell,  and 
the  guests  stepped  between  them.  vStrange  of  the  ti- 
ger, that  he  should  take  the  part  of  a  man  to  blame, 
and  he  but  uncle  to  his  last  wife,  when  the  other  was 
his  son.  But  he  was  but  a  tiger,  a  brute,  which  trans- 
action proves  it.  But  the  beast  soon  had  another  af- 
fair, which  was  the  last  of  the  tiger.  This  Pausanius, 
lately  mentioned,  saw  a  gap  between  the  guards  and 
the  king,  and  stepped  in  and  stabbed  him,  and  he  fell 
dead  at  his  feet.  The  assassin  had  prepared  a  way  to 
escape,  but  he  failed  to  get  away,  and  was  cut  to 
pieces.  Alexander  was  angry,  and  took  his  mother 
and  left,  but  was  persuaded  to  return  home.  Philip 
had  neither  faith  nor  honor;  everything  that  could 
contri])ute  to  his  aggrandisement  and  power  was,  in 
his  opinion,  just  and  lawful.  He  gave  his  word  with 
a  firm  resolution,  broke  it,  and  made  promises  which 
he  would  have  been  very  sorry  to  keep.  He  thought 
himself  skillful  in  proportion  as  he  was  perfidious,  and 
made  his  glory  consist  in  deceiving  all  with  whom  he 
treated.  1  ie  did  not  blush  to  say  that  children  were 
amused  with   playthings  and  men  with   oaths.     How 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCKACV.         1 39 

shameful  was  it  for  a  prince  to  be  distinguished  by 
being  more  artful,  a  greater  dissembler,  more  pro- 
found in  malice,  and  more  a  knave,  than  any  person 
of  his  age,  and  to  leave  so  infamous  an  idea  to  pos- 
terity ! 

Alexander,  the  great  Saurian,  was  born  three  hun- 
dred and  fifty-six  years  before  Christ.  The  same  day 
that  he  was  born,  the  temple  of  Diana,  at  Ephesus  was 
burnt.  A  great  many  years  were  employed  in  building 
it.  Its  length  was  four  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet, 
and  its  breadth  two  hundred  and  twenty.  It  was  sup- 
ported by  a  hundred  and  twenty-seven  columns,  sixty 
feet  high ;  which  as  many  kings  had  caused  to  be 
wrought  at  a  great  expense.  Hegesius,  of  Magnesia, 
Plutarch  says :  that  it  was  no  wonder  that  the  temple 
was  burned,  because  Diana  was  that  day  erpployed  at 
the  delivery  of  Alexander.  The  friends  of  Alexander 
asked  him  one  da}^  if  he  would  be  present  on  the  day 
of  the  games,  to  dispute  for  the  prize ;  he  answered 
that  he  would  if  kings  were  to.  be  his  antagonists.  He 
was  swift  on  foot.  When  news  was  brought  to  him 
that  his  father  had  taken  a  city,  he  did  not  share  in 
the  general  joy;  but  said  to  his  young  friend,  "Father 
will  possess  himself  of  everything,  and  leave  nothing 
for  us  to  do."  Alexander  set  out  for  Asia,  but  before 
he*  started  he  was  determined  to  consult  the  oracle. 
He  went  to  Delphi,  but  happening  to  arrive  there 
during  those  days  which  are  called  unlucky,  a  season 
in  which  people  are  forbidden  to  consult  the  oracle  ; 
and  accordingly,  the  priestess  refused  to  go  to  the  tem- 
ple. But  Alexander,  who  could  not  bear  any  contra- 
diction of  his  will,  took  her  forcibly  by  the  arm,  and  as 
he  was  leading  her  forcibly  to  the  temple,  she  cried 
out,  "  My  son,"  my  son,  thou  art  irresistible  !"  This  was 
all  he  desired ;  and  catching  at  these  words,  which  he 
supposed  were  spoken  by  the  oracle,  he  set  out  for 
Macedonia;  which  he  done  to  prepare  for  his  great 
expedition.  He  set  out  from  Macedonia,  which  is 
part  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  and  crossed  the  Hellespont, 
or  the  straits  of  Dardanelles.     He  crossed  x4.sia  Minor, 


140  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

where  he  fights  two  battles;  the  first  at  the  river 
GranicLis,  and  the  second  near  the  city  of  Issus.  Af- 
ter the  second  battle  he  took  Syria  and  Palestine, 
went  into  Egypt,  where  he  built  the  city  of  Alexandria, 
on  one  of  the  arms  of  the  Nile  ;  advanced  as  far  as 
Lybia  to  the  temple  of  Jupiter  Ammon,  and  returned 
back  arrives  at  Tyre,  and  then  marched  towards  the 
Euphrates.  He  crossed  the  river  Tigris  and  gained 
the  celebrated  battle  of  Arbela.  Possesses  himself  of 
Babylon  and  Ecbatana,  the  chief  city  of  Media;  from 
there  he  passed  into  Hyrcania  to  the  sea,  which  is 
called  by  that  name,  otherwise  called  the  Caspian  Sea; 
and  entered  Parthia,  Drangiana  and  the  country  Paro- 
pamisus.  He  afterwards  went  into  Bacbrana  and  Sog- 
diana,  advanced  as  far  as  the  river  Laxathes,  called  by 
Quintus  Curtius  the  Tanais,  the  farther  side  of  which  is 
inhabited  by  the  Scythians,  whose  country  forms  part 
of  great  Tartary.  Alexander,  after  having  gone  through 
various  countries,  crosses  the  river  Indus,  enters  In- 
dia which  lies  on  this  side  of  the  Ganores,  and  forms 
part  of  [he  Great  Mogul's  empire,  and  advances  very 
near  the  river  Ganges ;  which  he  also  intended  to  pass 
had  not  his  army  refused  to  follow  him  farther.  Alex- 
ander ordered  a  magnificent  feast,  which  lasted  nine 
days.  He  had  a  tent  raised  large  enough  in  which  a 
hundred  tables  might  be  laid.  To  this  feast  a  great 
many  were  invited.  He  also  treated  his  whole  army. 
He  set  out  for  Asia  in  the  spring.  His  army  consist- 
ed of  over  thirty  thousand  foot  and  four  or  five  thou- 
sand horse,  all  brave  men.  It  has  been  asserted  that 
th-e  Persian  forces  amounted  to  six  hundred  thousand 
soldiers,  but  there  is  another  account  that  makes  it 
much  less.  The  armies  met  on  the  river  Granicus, 
one  each  side  of  the  stream.  The  Macedonians  crossed 
in  the  presence  of  the  Persians;  and  are  attacked 
and  lose  a  number  of  men  in  the  stream;  but  did  won- 
ders and  gained  a  signal  victory,  in  which  the  Persians 
lost  twenty-two  thousand  five  hundred  men.  The  Mac- 
edonians lost  but  few. 

Alexander   was   a  tyrant   at   times,  but   not  always. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         I4I 

When  he  was  in  Persia,  at  war.  he  wintered  there. 
He  had  humanity  more  than  the  average  general.  He 
appointed  three  officers  to  take  the  married  men  home 
to  their  wives,  and  bring  them  back  in  season  for  the 
campaign  in  the  spring,  which  was  more  humanity 
than  ever  was  done  before  or  since,  we  think.  He 
had  to  march  through  a  defile  that  lay  along  the  sea 
shore,  which  was  dry  at  low  water;  as  it  was  winter 
the  water  was  high  ;  he  marched  through  that  defile  in 
water  up  to  the  waists  ot  the  soldiers,  all  day.  Some 
writers  assert  that  God  was  with  Alexander,  and 
caused  the  water  to  subside,  but  Alexander  says  that 
was  not  the  case.  Josephus  says  that  the  army 
marched  through  the  defile  on  dry  land.  He  marched 
into  Phiygia,  the  capital  of  which  was  Gordian ;  hav- 
ing the  city  he  was  desirous  of  seeing  the  famous 
chariot  to  which  the  Gordian  knot  was  tied.  The 
knot  which  fastened  the  yoke  to  the  beam  was  tied 
with  so  much  art,  and  the  strings  twisted  in  so  intri- 
cate a  manner  that  it  was  impossible  to  discover 
where  it  began  or  ended.  According  to  an  ancient 
tradition  of  the  country,  an  oracle  had  foretold,  the 
man  who  could  untie  it  should  possess  the  empire  of 
Asia.  As  Alexander  was  firmly  persuaded  this  prom- 
ise related  to  himself,  after  many  fruitless  trials  he 
cried  :  "  It  is  no  matter  which  way  it  be  untied,"  and 
then  cut  it  with  his  sword ;  and  by  that  means,  says 
the  historian,  either  eluded  or  fulfilled  the  oracle. 
Darius  offered  a  man  $8,610,000  in  gold  if  he  would 
murder  Alexander.  The  messenger  who  carried  the 
king's  offer  was  seized,  by  which  means  the  would- 
be  murderer  was  taken  and  brought  to  punishment. 

The  Persians  were  richly  dressed  ;  we  may  say  their 
appearance  was  magnificent.  The  order  they  ob- 
served in  their  march  as  follows  :  first,  were  carried 
silver  altars,  on  which  lay  the  fire,  called  by  them  sa- 
cred and  eternal,  and  these  were  followed  by  the  ma- 
gi, singing  hymns  after  the  manner  of  the  country. 
They  were  accompanied  by  three  hundred  and  sixty- 
five  youths  clothed  in   purple  robes.     Then   came    a 


142  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

car  consecrated  to  Jupiter,  drawn  by  white  horses, 
and  followed  by  coursers  of  great  size,  to  which  they 
gave  the  name  of  sun  horse;  and  the  equerries  were 
dressed  in  white,  each  having  a  golden  rod  in  his 
hand.  Ten  chariots  adorned  with  sculptures  in  gold 
and  silver  followed  after  all  in  order.  Then  marched 
a  body  of  horse  composed  of  twelve  nations,  whose 
manners  and  customs  were  various,  and  all  armed  dif- 
ferently. Then  followed  those  who  the  Persians  called 
the  Immortals,  amountingr  to  ten  thousand,  who  sur- 
passed  the  others  in  the  magnificence  of  their  appar- 
al.  They  all  wore  golden  collars,  were  clothed  in 
robes  of  gold  tissue,  and  adorned  with  precious  stones. 
Thirty  yards  from  them  followed  the  king's  cousins,  to 
the  number  of  fifteen  thousand,  in  habits  very  much 
resembling  those  of  women ;  and  more  remarkable 
for  the  vain  pomp  of  their  dress  than  the  glitter  of 
their  arms.  Those  called  the  Doryphoria  came  after. 
They  carried  the  king's  cloak,  and  walked  before  his 
chariot,  in  which  he  appeared  seated  as  on  a  high 
throne.  This  chariot  was  enriched  on  both  sides 
with  images  of  the  gods  in  gold  and  silver ;  and  from 
the  middle  of  the  yoke,  which  was  covered  with  jew- 
els, rose  two  statues,  a  cubit  in  height,  the  one  rep- 
resenting war  and  the  other  peace,  having  a  golden 
eagle  between  them  with  wings  extended,  as  ready  to 
take  its  flight.  But  nothing  could  equal  the  magnifi- 
cence of  the  king.  He  was  clothed  in  a  vest  of  pur- 
ple, striped  with  silver,  hanging  over  a  long  robe  glit- 
tering all  over  with  gold  and  precious  stones,  on 
which  were  represented  two  falcons  rushing  from  the 
clouds  and  pecking  at  one  another.  Around  his  waist 
he  wore  a  golden  girdle,  after  the  manner  of  women, 
from  which  his  scimeter  hung,  the  scabbard  of  which 
flamed  all  over  with  gems.  On  his  head  he  wore  a 
tiara  or  mitre.  On  each  side  of  him  walked  two  hun- 
dred of  his  nearest  relations,  followed  by  ten  thousand 
pikcmen,  whose  pikes  were  adorned  with  silver  and 
tipped  with  gold;  and  last,  thirty  thousand  infantry, 
who  composed  the  rear  guard.      These  were  followed 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         1 43 

by  the  king's  horses  (four  hundred),  all  which  were 
led.  About  one  hundred  and  twenty  yards  behind 
Sisagambis,  the  king's  mother,  came.  She  was  seated 
in  a  chariot,  and  his  consort  on  another,  with  the  sev- 
eral temale  attendants  of  both  queens  riding  on 
horseback.  Afterwards  came  fifteen  large  chariots 
in  which  were  the  king's  children,  and  those  who  had 
the  care  of  their  education,  with  a  band  of  eunuchs, 
who  are  to  this  day  in  great  esteem  with  those  na- 
tions. Then  marched  the  concubines,  to  the  number 
of  three  hundred  and  sixty,  in  the  equipage  of  queens, 
followed  by  six  hundred  mules,  and  three  hundred 
camels,  with  the  king's  treasure. 


CHAPTER  X. 

IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY. 

Guarded  by  a  great  body  of  archers :  after  these 
came  the  wives  of  the  crown  officers,  and  of  the  great- 
est lords  of  the  court;  then  the  servants  and  sutlers  of 
the  army.  Seated  also  in  chariots  in  the  rear  were  a 
body  of  light-armed  troops  with  their  commands,  who 
closed  the  whole  march.  Would  not  the  reader  be- 
lieve that  he  had  been  reading  the  description  of  a 
tournament,  not  the  march  of  an  army  ?  Would  he 
believe  that  men  of  the  least  reason  would  have  been 
so  stupid  as  to  take  with  their  forces  so  numerous  a 
train  of  women,  princesses,  concubines,  eunuchs,  and 
domestics  of  both  sexes  ?  But  the  custom  of  the  coun- 
try was  reason  sufficient  for  them.  Darius,  at  the  head 
of  his  six  hundred  thousand  men,  and  surrounded  with 
all  this  great  pomp,  all  for  himself,  fancied  that  he  was 
great,  and  formed  elevated  opinions  of  himself.  The 
battle,  we  shall  give  but  a  short  description  of  it,  was 
fought  on  the  river  Pyranius,  near  the  city  of  Issus. 
Alexander  commanded  all  his  right  wing  to  plunge 
into  the  river.  Both  sides  fought  with  the  utmost 
bravery  and   resolution,  and   now,  being  now  to  fight 


144  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

close,  they  charged  on  both  sides,  sword  in  hand, 
when  a  dreadful  slaughter  was  made;  for  they  engaged 
man  to  man,  each  aiming  the  point  of  his  sword  at  the 
face  of  his  opponent.  Alexander,  who  was  soldier  and 
general,  wished  that  he  might  kill  Darius,  who  was 
seated  in  a  high  chariot,  which  could  be  seen  from 
afar;  and  now  the  battle  grew  more  furious  and 
bloody,  so  that  a  great  many  of  the  Persian  nobility 
were  killed.  Oxathes,  the  king's  brother,  seeing  that 
Alexander  was  agoing  to  charge  Darius  with  vigor, 
rushed  before  the  chariot  of  Darius  with  the  horse 
under  his  command,  and  distinguished  himself  above 
the  others.  The  horses  that  drew  the  chariot  of  Da- 
rius, being  quite  covered  with  wounds,  began  to  prance, 
and  shook  the  yoke'so  violently,  that  they  were  on  the 
point  of  overturning  the  king,  who,  being  afraid  of 
falling  alive  into  the  hands  of  his  enemies,  leaped  down, 
and  mounted  another  chariot.  The  others,  seeing 
this,  fled  as  fast  as  possible,  and  throwing  down  their 
arms,  made  the  best  of  their  way.  Alexander  received 
a  slight  wound  in  his  thigh,  but  it  did  not  prevent  his 
being  in  action.  The  engagement  was  very  bloody, 
and  for  a  long  time  doubtful.  In  the  mean  time,  the 
right  wing  was  victorious  under  its  monarch,  after  de- 
feating all  who  opposed  it,  and  wheeled  to  the  left 
against  the  Greeks  of  Darius,  and  charged  them  in 
flank,  entirely  routing  them.  Some  Persian  cavalry 
crossed  the  river,  and  attacked  the  Thessalonian  horse, 
who  fled,  but  seeing  that  the  Persians  were  in  disor- 
der, faced  about  on  a  sudden,  and  charged  with  vigor. 
The  Persians  made  a  good  defense  until  they  saw  Da- 
riss  put  to  flight,  and  the  Greeks  cut  to  pieces  by  the 
phalanx.  The  routing  of  the  Persian  cavalry  com- 
pleted the  defeat  of  the  army  of  Darius.  When  he  saw 
It  is  left  wing  broken,  he  was  one  of  the  first  who  fled 
in  his  chariot,  but  afterwards  getting  in  rough  places, 
he  mounted  on  horseback,  throwing  down  his  bow, 
shield  and  royal  mantle.  The  army  of  Darius  scat- 
tered in  various  directions.  The  royal  captives  that 
Alexander  t(jok  were  numerous.     The  army  of  Darius, 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         1 45 

of  over  six  hundred  thousand,  was  all  lost  by  being  di- 
vided in  small  parts.  Not  twenty  thousand  could  be 
collected  together  of  this  vast  army,  and  the  nobles 
were  in  as  sad  a  plight  as  the  army. 

Now  we  will  look  back  and  view  the  army  at  the  be- 
ginning. Read  the  description  of  the  army.  Such 
rich  and  magnificent  trappings,  perhaps,  were  never 
accumulated  before.  Xerxes  had  an  army  four  or  five 
times  as  numerous,  but  the  sumptiousness  of  the  army 
of  Darius  was  superior  to  all.  Then  consider  the  ab- 
surdity of  having  such  splendor  in  the  dress  and  equi- 
page of  an  army.  Then  turn  your  attention  to  the  army 
of  Alexander;  they  were  dressed  in  coarSe  and  strong 
vestments,  but  they  were  drilled  to  a  soldier's  life. 
Their  exercise  and  habits,  too,  were  calculated  to  make 
them  hardy,  and  endure  long  and  continued  fatigue. 

The  battle,  in  the  beginning,  did  not  tell  how  it 
would  terminate;  they  fought  on  the  one  side  as  well 
as  on  the  other,  but  those  not  inured  to  hard  exercise 
soon  became  weary  and  flagged,  and  fled  or  surrendered. 
The  same  as  you  should  take  a  clerk  out  of  a  store 
that  never  was  accustomed  to  labor,  but  brought  up  in 
idleness,  and  take  him  in  the  harvest  field,  and  expect 
him  to  do  as  much  as  a  Qrood  working  man.  He  would 
not  last  long,  but  give  out.  Exercise  strengthens  the 
muscles,  and  the  men  being  equal  mentally,  those  who 
have  the  greatest  exercise  will  be  the  strongest  if  they 
are  healthy.  So  exercise  strengthens  until  it  is  too 
great  for  the  organs  to  bear;  then  they  would  grow 
weaker  or  be  destroyed.  Now  let  us  take  the  most 
important  view  of  this  whole  transaction,  war.  The 
first  consideration  will  be,  Where  does  the  money  all 
come  from  to  pay  and  equip  this  vast  army,  and  all  the 
millions  of  men  that  are  always  engaged  in  war?  Who 
pays  the  bill,  and  is  there  any  necessity  of  war  }  First, 
Who  pays  the  bill }  No  person  will  have  much  diffi- 
culty in  solving  that  question.  Labor  makes  all  the 
money ;  there  is  no  other  way  of  making  it.  But,  says 
the  dunce,  he  may  find  it:  then  it  has  to  be  coined  be- 
fore it  is  completed,  or  he  has  to  perform  the  labor  of 


146  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

exchanging  it  for  money.  But  it  is  a  rare  thing  that 
a  man  picks  up  a  piece  of  gold  that  amounts  to  much. 
In  mining,  produce  of  all  the  labor  done  does  not 
amount  to  one  dollar  a  day  at  present.  Perhaps  in 
ancient  times,  when  the  mines  were  all  new,  it  may 
have  averaged  more.  But  if  a  man  gets  money  he  has 
earned  it,  stolen  it,  cheated  some  one  out  of  it,  robbed 
some  one,  or  found  it.  The  aristocrat  lies,  cheats,  de- 
ceives and  swindles  people  out  of  their  honest  toil. 
In  this  case,  suppose  we  take  Darius  for  an  example; 
he  had  men  to  give  him  just  what  he  wanted.  The 
people  were  slaves,  and  had  to  do  as  he  said,  and  it  is 
likely  that  he  'had  more  than  half  of  the  property  in 
the  country.  The  people  were  a  cipher,  and  he  took 
nearly  all  the  money  that  they  earned — certainly  more 
than  half  of  it.  Now,  you  may  think  that  is  not  so, 
but  read  history  and  see  for  yourself.  Do  you  think 
that  the  people  were  wise  to  be  fooled  by  one  man  in 
that  scyle  ?  We  think  not.  No,  they  were  gulls,  to 
be  cheated  and  robbed  in  that  way.  The  working  man 
earns,  you  may  say,  all  the  money  in  the  world,  and 
lets  the  aristocrat  cheat  him  out  of  more  than  half  of 
it.  See  the  lilies  of  the  field  how  they  grow;  but  we 
say  the  infamous  aristocrats  excel  them,  and  do  it  on 
your  money,  workingman.  He  gives  parties  that  cost 
tens  of  thousands  of  dollars.  He  builds  fine  houses, 
keeps  fine  horses,  all  on  your  money ;  he  lives  sumptu- 
ously, all  on  your  money.  How  else?  We  just  said 
all  the  money  made  is  made  by  labor  ;  you  must  know  it 
is  so.  Are  you  always  going  to  let  the  cheat  live  on 
your  money  ?  He  is  a  drone ;  he  does  not  work. 
Where  does  the  money  come  from.^^  Try  and  open 
your  eyes. 

Ever  since  the  descent  of  man  on  earth,  from  time 
immemorial,  he  has  labored  like  a  slave,  and  given 
most  of  his  earnings  to  the  infamous  aristocracy.  He 
has  been  the  serf;  he  has  been  the  hewer  of  wood, 
and  the  drawer  of  water  for  unscrupulous  and  knavish 
and  unfeeling  drones.  How  long  will  you  do  so,  friend 
workinirman  ? 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         1 47 

"  The  lamb  thy  fiat  dooms  to  bleed  today, 
Had  he  thy  reason,  would  he  skip  and  play? 
Pleased  to  the  last,  he  crops  the  flowering  food, 
And  licks  the  hand  just  raised  to  shed  his  blood." 

And  can  it  be  the  workingman  knows  no  more  than 
the  innocent  lamb?     The  drone  eats  the  lamb,    and 
does  just  as  bad  with  the  workingman."     He  devours 
the  fruits  of  their  labor.     So  does  aristocracy.     They 
toil  not,  but  they  live  on  the  fat  of  the  land.     He  lives 
ten  times  as  expensively  as  you  do,  and  you  pay  the 
bill.     You  should  hate,  and  detest,  and  abominate,  and 
despise  this  fiend,  that  devours  your  substance.     Oh, 
how  long  will  you  continue  in  this  infatuation  !     We 
say,  Arise,  and  shake  off  these  shackles,  that  have  so 
long  fettered  and  bound  and  enslaved  you,  and  assert 
your  freedom,  now    and  forever,   and  send    the  infa- 
mous aristocracy  to  eveidasting  oblivion.     Alexander 
went  to  Damascus,  where  the  treasures  of  Darius  were 
deposited.     The  governor  of  the  city  wrote  to  Alex- 
ander that  he  was  ready  to  deliver  up  the  treasures  of 
Darius  that  were  in  his  hands.     Immense   treasures 
were  seen  scattered  in  the  fields — all  the  gold  that  was 
intended  to  pay  the  army,  the  splendid  equipages  of  so 
many  lords  and  ladies,  the  golden  vases  and  bridles, 
magnificent  tents  and  carriages — all  were  abandoned 
to  the  conqueror.     But  the  most  moving  part  of  this 
scene  was  to  see  the  wives  of  the  satraps  and  grandees 
of  Persia,  most  of  them  dragging  their  little  children 
after  them.   Many  of  the  nobility  were  taken  prisoners 
with  their  wives,  besides  money  and  plate,  which  was 
afterwards   coined,  and  amounted   to  immense    sums. 
Thirty  thousand  men,  and  seven  thousand  beasts  laden 
with    baggage,   were    taken.      Parmenio  says  that  he 
found   in  the  city  of  Damascus    three    hundred    and 
twenty-nine  concubines,  all  belonging  to  Darius,  and 
all  skilled  in  music.     Darius,  but  a  few  days  before, 
was  at  the  head  of  600,000  men. 

Darius  yet  kept  up  courage.  He  could  raise  an- 
other army,  he  thought.  He  wanted  to  ransom  his  wife 
and  children  and  mother.     He  said  he  would  fisht  a 


14^  THE    workwoman's    GUIDE. 

pitched  battle,  and  each  equal  numbers,  and  let  that  de- 
cide the  controversy.     He  wished  to  live  on  good  terms 
with  him.     Alexander  wrote   Darius  a  letter,  in  which 
he  savs  that  he  is  willino^  to  ransom  his  mother,  wife 
and  children,  and  all  without  pay.     He  then  marched 
to  Byblos      They  opened  the  gates  of  the  city  to  him  ; 
the  Sidonians    submitted     with    pleasure.       Eighteen 
years  before,  this  city  had  been  put  to  the  sword,  that 
is,  men,  women  and  children.     Does  that  look  as  if  we 
have  not  advanced  in  morals,  as  the    vile   aristocracy 
say.?    Any  dunce  knows  better.    But  Tyre,  a  city  on  an 
island,  would  not  surrender;  so  Alexander  was  deter- 
mined to  besiege  it,  which  was  very  difficult,  as  it  was 
a  mile  from  land,  and  surrounded  by  a  wall  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  feet  high,  and  the  waves  ran   very  high 
there  at  the  time.     Alexander  sent  commissioners   to 
make  a  treaty  of  peace   with  them,  but  they,  like  per- 
fect barbarians,  killed  the  deputies,  and  threw  them 
from  the  top  of  the  wall  into  the  sea.     Alexander  was 
exasperated  at  so  barbarous  a  deed.     He  was  deter- 
mined to  build  a  pier  from  the  land  to  the  city — a  mile. 
He  found  in  the  ruins  of  old  Tyre  materials  to  make 
piers.     At  first  the  work  was  easy,  the  bottom  being 
soft,  and  as  they  were  working  some  distance  from  the 
city,  they  were  not  disturbed  ;  but  as  they  advanced, 
the  water  became  deeper,  aad  after  a  while  the  people 
of  the  city  threw  darts  and  shot  arrows,  which  all  har- 
rassed  them  very  much.    And  the  enemy  came  in  boats, 
and  raking  the  dike  on  each  side,  prevented  the  work- 
ing men  making  much   headway  with  the  dike.     The 
besieged  took  a  ship  filled  with  combustibles,  and  towed 
it  up  to  the  dike,  where  the  tower  was  built,  and  set  it 
on  fire.    They  had  pitch  and  sulphur  on  the  ship;  they 
had  two  masts  on  which  they  hung  kettles  of  oil  and 
other  substances  easy  to  set  on  fire.     As  soon  as  they 
came  near  to  the  towers,  they  set  fire  to  the  vessel  and 
drew  it  towards  the  extremity  of  the  causeway,  and  the 
sailors  who  were  there  jumped  into  the  sea.      Many  of 
the  besiegers  were  killed  or  taken  prisoners.     At  this 
lime  Alexander    was  not  discouraged.      His    soldiers 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        1 49 

labored  diligently,  and  repaired  the  damage  done  to  the 
dike.  When  the  whole  was  nearly  finished,  a  violent 
storm  came  and  broke  it  up. 

Alexander  would  have  failed,  only  for  reinforcements 
in  ships  and   soldiers,  who  joined  him  because  they 
were  at  enmity  with   the  king,  Darius.     These  shijxs 
amounted  in  all  to  one  hundred  and  twenty,  and  addi- 
tional eight  gallevs.     The  dike  was  carried  on  to  bet- 
ter advantage  since  the  ships  came.     Four  thousand 
soldiers   came    to  assist  him.     The  work  progressed 
vigorously.     The  besieged  dove  under  the  water  and 
bothered   the   workmen  on   the  dike.     Alexander  pre- 
pared to  assault  the  city  on  all  sides.     The  besieged 
raised  tow^ers  on  the  walls,  which  were  high,  and  they 
made  it  difficult  to  approach   the  wall ;  besides,  they 
advanced  with  covered  galleys,  and  cut  the  cables  that 
held  the  ships  ;  and  Alexander  was  also  compelled  to 
cover  some  galleys.     There  was  a  brazen  image  of  the 
god,  Apollo,  of  great  size.     The  Tyrians  feared  that 
the  dead  image  would  leave  them  and  go  over  to  Al- 
exander;  so  they  chained  the  god  dow^n  that  he  could 
not  go.     It  appears  that  we  have  progressed  in  sense. 
The  Tyrians  made  a  vigorous  defense  ;  they  had  large 
cross-bows,  with  which  they  shot  large  sticks  of   lum- 
ber off  the  walls  on  the  besiegers,  and  they  told  great- 
ly ;  they  also  hurled  brazen  shields — red  hot,  filled  with 
hot  sand — on  the  soldiers.     This  the  soldiers  dreaded, 
as  the  hot  sand  found  its  way  under  their  armor,  next 
the  skin,  and   burnt  terribly.     The   battle   grew   hot, 
and  was  contested  at  every  point.     Alexander  medi- 
tated raising  the  siege,  but  his  pride  prevented  him,  as 
he   considered    himself    invincible.      Then    a    second 
naval   engagement   was   fought,  in   which    Alexander 
gained  the  advantage,  but  could  not  get  his  ships  into 
the  harbor.     Alexander  let  his  troops  repose  two  days, 
prepared  to  make  a  general  assault.     Both  sides  were 
more  active  than  ever;  the  courage  of  the  combatants, 
they   fought   like    lions.     Where  a  breach  had  been 
made  by   the  battery  rams,  instantly    the   breach  men 
were  there  and  made  an  assault.     Alexander  set  the 


150  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

example  of  going  in  the  hottest  and  most  dangerous 
places ;  he  ascended  one  of  the  high  towers,  and 
fought  like  a  tiger,  and  killed  many.  The  Tyrians, 
seeing  the  enemy  master  of  their  towers,  retired  to  the 
open  space,  and  then  stood  their  ground ;  the  king 
marched  his  regiment  of  guards  up,  and  killed  part  of 
them,  and  compelled  the  remainder  to  retreat.  At  the 
same  time,  in  part  of  the  city,  the  Macedonians  spared 
no  person  who  came  in  their  way,  being  highly  exas- 
perated at  the  long  resistance  of  the  besieged,  [Have 
we  improved  ?  A  good  and  civilized  soldier  loves  to 
see  his  enemy  do  his  duty,  and  he  will  treat  him  bet- 
ter for  it — a  barbarian  will  torture  him1,  and  the  bar- 
barities they  had  committed.  Some  of  the  Tyrians,  see- 
ing themselves  overpowered  on  all  sides,  went  to  the 
temples  to  implore  the  assistance  of  the  gods  ;  others, 
shutting  themselves  in  their  houses,  escaped  the  sword 
of  the  conqueror  by  a  voluntary  death  ;  others  rushed 
on  to  the  enemy,  firmly  resolved  to  sell  their  lives  at  the 
dearest  rate.  Most  of  the  citizens  went  on  the  house- 
tops and  threw  stones  down, or  other  missiles,  on  those 
who  advanced  in  the  city.  Alexander  gave  orders  to 
kill  all  the  people,  except  those  who  had  taken  refuge 
in  the  temples,  and  to  set  fire  to  all  of  Tyre.  Are  we 
progressing?  Although  this  order  was  published  by 
sound  of  trumpet,  yet  not  one  person  who  carried 
arms  fled  to  the  asylums.  The  temples  were  filled 
only  with  such  young  women  and  children  as  had  re- 
mained in  the  city.  The  old  riien  waited  at  the  doors 
of  their  houses,  in  expectation  every  instant  of  being 
sacrificed  to  the  rage  of  the  soldiers.  It  is  true,  in- 
deed, that  the  Sidonian  soldiers  who  were  in  Alexan- 
der's army  saved  a  great  number  of  them  by  carrying 
them  on  board  of  ship  and  conveying  them  to  Sidon. 
]>y  this  humane  act  fifteen  thousand  were  saved  from 
the  slaughter  of  the  conquerors — and  we  may  judge  of 
the  greatness  of  the  slaughter  from  the  number  of  the 
soldiers  who  were  cut  to  pieces  on  the  rampart  of  the 
city  only,  who  amounted  to  six  thousand.  But  the 
king's  sanguinary  disposition  was  not  yet  satiated;  the 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        151 

animal  propensity  for  blood  was  not  yet  fully  glutted. 
Two  thousand  men  remaining  after  the  soldiers  had 
been  satiated  with  slaughter,  he  caused  them  to  be 
fixed  on  crosses  along  the  seashore.  Have  we  ad- 
vanced in  morals  .f*  The  number  of  prisoners,  of  for- 
eigners and  citizens,  amounted  to  thirty  thousand, 
who  were  all  sold.  The  Macedonian  soldiers  lost  but 
few  men.  The  African  king,  because  he  could  not  sell 
slaves,  caused  the  heads  of  two  hundred  negroes  to 
be  stuck  on  poles  along  the  seashore.  But  Alexander 
excelled  the  Negro  king  ten  to  one — so  Alexander 
was  the  greatest  man.  But  he  is  called  by  all  the  civ- 
ilized world  Alexander  the  Great. 

Alexander  offered  a  sacrifice  to  the  god  Hercules, 
and  he  took  the  chains  off  the  god  Apollo.  The  city 
of  Tyre  was  taken  after  a  seven  months'  siege.  It  was 
an  exceedingly  rich  city.  Then  Alexander  marched 
to  the  city  of  Gaza.  When  he  arrived  there,  he  found 
the  city  well  fortified,  and  commanded  by  one  of  Da- 
rius's  eunuchs.  This  governor,  who  was  a  brave  man, 
and  very  faithful  to  his  sovereign,  defended  the  city 
with  great  vigor  against  Alexander.  As  this  was  the 
only  pass  into  Egypt,  it  was  very  necessary  for  him  to 
take  it,  and  therefore  he  had  to  besiege  it.  But  as  ev- 
ery known  art  of  war  was  employed,  and  his  soldiers 
fought  with  intrepidity,  he  was  forced  to  lie  two  months 
before  it.  Exasperated  at  the  valiant  defense  the  faith- 
ful made,  and  receiving  two  wounds,  he  resolved  to 
treat  the  governor,  the  inhabitants  and  soldiers  with  a 
barbarity  absolutely  inexcusable,  for  he  cut  ten  thous- 
and men  to  pieces,  and  sold  all  the  rest,  with  their 
wives  and  children,  for  slaves.  When  Betis,  who  had 
been  taken  prisoner  in  the  last  assault,  was  brought 
before  him,  covered  with  wounds,  instead  of  using  him 
kindly,  as  his  valor  and  fidelity  justly  merited,  this 
young  monarch,  who  at  times  esteemed  bravery  even  in 
an  enemy,  fired  on  this  occasion  with  an  insolent  joy, 
spoke  to  him  thus  :  "  Betis,  thou  shall  not  die  the  death 
thou  desirest-  to.  Prepare,  therefore,  to  suffer  all  the 
torments  that  vensreance  can  invent."     Betis  looked 


152  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

on  the  king  with  a  firm  and  haughty  air,  and  did  not 
make  any  reply  to  his  threats  ;  upon  which  the  king 
was  still  more  enraged  by  his  disdainful  silence. 
"  Observe,"  said  he,  "that  dumb  arrogance.  Has  he 
bended  the  knee,  has  he  spoken  one  submissive  word  ? 
But  I  will  conquer  this  obstinate  silence,  and  will 
force  groans  from  him,  if  I  can  draw  nothing  else." 
At  last,  Alexander's  anger  rose  to  a  fury,  his  conduct 
having  changed  with  his  fortune.  He  ordered  a  hole 
to  be  made  through  his  heels,  and  a  rope  drawn  through 
them,  and  the  rope  attached  to  the  chariot.  He  caused 
Betis  to  be  dragged  through  the  city  until  he  died. 
He  boasted  of  having  imitated  on  this  occasion  Achil- 
les, who  caused  the  dead  body  of  Hector  to  be  dragged 
in  the  same  manner  around  the  walls  of  Troy.  So 
we  see  a  barbarian  boasting  of  doing  a  barbarous  deed, 
but  he  far  exceeded  Achilles  in  inhumanity,  as  Hector 
was  dead,  and  Betis  was  living  ;  and  the  latter  had 
done  his  duty,  for  which  the  demon  killed  him  in  an 
inhuman  manner.  Do  you  think  that  we  are  progress- 
ing- 

We  have  given  the  battles  at  the  taking  of  two  cities, 

Tyre  and  Gaza,  and  in  both  cities  Alexander  acted 
n;ore  like  a  brute  than  a  man.  The  commander  at 
Tyre  and  the  same  at  Gaza  were  true  and  faithful  gen- 
erals, and  done  their  duty.  The  battle  of  Tyre  was  a 
desperate  affair,  and  the  whole  of  the  army  behaved 
well,  and  for  being  good  soldiers  they  were  murdered: 
so  at  Gaza.  But,  says  the  fanatic,  we  are  going  back 
into  barbarism.  Can  you  see  any  such  thing.''  Now, 
would  any  civilized  nation  in  the  world  treat  their 
prisoners  as  Alexander  did  his  at  Tyre  and  Gaza  ?  We 
think  not,  and  so  every  person  of  good  sense  and  rea- 
son. There  is  no  nation  that  undertake  to  do  so,  and 
if  they  did  so,  other  nations  would  not  allow  such 
murder.  !kit,  says  the  sawney,  the  morals  of  the  peo- 
ple are  no  Inciter  than  they  were  three  thousand  years 
airo.  See,  at  (iaza,  the  commander  was  tormented. 
The  inhuman  tyrant  told  the  general,  Prepare  your- 
self for  to  suffer  all   the  torments  that  vengeance  can 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         1 53 

invent ;  and  this  was  the  most  enlightened  nation  then 
existing.  We  take  the  best  nations  and  give  you 
their  acts,  that  you  may  compare  them  with  the 
acts  of  the  best  nations  of  the  present  time.  Our  in- 
tention is  to  prove  that  we  are  improving  in  every 
thing  ;  even  the  affections  are  improving.  The  four 
great  parts  of  the  person  are,  physical,  intellectual,  af- 
fectual,  and  moral.  In  the  first  the  brute  is  nearly  as 
good  as  we  are,  not  quite,  we  are  more  perfect  in  their 
best  point.  And  we  are  improving  slowly,  and  it  has 
been  said  that  man  has  lifted  over  a  ton 'weight.  In 
affections  man  is  also  superior  to  the  brute,  but  not  as 
much  as  in  the  other,  as  it  is  necessary  for  the  exist- 
ence of  the  race,  and  so  it  is  with  the  human  family. 
But  in  intelligence  we  are  much  ahead  of  the  brute  ; 
they  are  not  to  be  compared  to  man  in  intelligence. 
But  the  brute  has  more  intelligence  than  we  give  him 
credit  for.  By  taking  close  observation  you  will  see 
that  they  all  have  intelligence — some  more,  some  less. 
They  must  have  some  to  protect  and  take  care  of  them- 
selves. But  the  highest,  and  that  which  shows  the 
true  character  of  man,  is  morality,  and  the  brutes  have 
but  a  trace  of  it,  but  a  germ,  or  a  bare  existence  of  the 
faculty.  This  faculty  has  always  shown  itself  in  man, 
more  or  less,  and  the  man  who  has  no  moral  faculty, 
and  no  care  to  do  right,  is  certainly  no  better  than  a 
brute. 

Aristocracy  has  always  ruled  the  people  with  a  rod 
of  iron,  and  the  people  appear  to  be  satisfied.  iVris- 
tocracy  took  all  of  the  best  productions  of  the  different 
countries,  and  appropriated  them  to  their  own  use. 
Those  who  labored  and  made  the  world  like  a  garden, 
were  always  regarded  as  no  better  than  horses  and  cat- 
tle ;  in  fact,  the  aristocracy  did  not  respect  and  permit 
the  laboring  man  to  have  as  good  food  and  shelter  as 
his  own  animals.  He,  the  working  man,  in  most  coun- 
tries is  stinted  in  his  food,  and  has  an  insuificiency  of 
food  which  he  has  produced,  but  the  robbing  aristoc- 
racy has  deprived  him  of.  He  who  does  the  work  of 
the  world  goes  hungry  and  half    naked,  and  the  thriv- 


154  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

ing  aristocrat  lives  in  luxury  and  extravagance,  while 
the  working  man's  children  are  crying  for  bread,  and 
their  mjthers  weep  and  hide  their  faces  from  their 
children.  She  has  no  provision  to  cook.  What  ex- 
cruciating pain  the  children  have  to  bear  in  starvation, 
while  they  would  be  happy  to  have  the  swill  the  aris- 
tocrat gives  to  his  hogs.  Aristocracy  is  the  Bohon 
Upas  of  the  world ;  he  has  done  more  damage  to  the 
world  than  all  other  evils  united ;  he  not  only  has  rob- 
bed the  poor  man  of  the  fruits  of  his  labor,  but  he  has 
done  all  he*could  to  carry  him  back  into  barbarity  and 
ignorance.  Aristocracy  is  the  fiend  of  the  working 
man  ;  he  is  a  man-eater,  a  predacian,  a  demon,  an  an- 
thropophagi, a  ferocious  tiger,  an  anaconda,  an  octopus. 
This  is  the  carnivorous  beast  that  has  feasted  on  the 
hearts'  blood  of  nations  for  many  thousand  years. 
And,  fellow  workingman,  this  is  the  infamous  reptile 
that  has  gormandized  on  the  productions  of  our  labor 
from  tinie  immemorial.  And  why  did  the  laboring 
man  submit  to  his  robbery  and  lying,  and  his  treach- 
erous labors  to  get  possession  of  our  substance  ?  La- 
boring man,  we  should  abhor,  detest  and  despise  the 
beast  of  prey  that  is  making  us  poor  indeed.  But 
what  is  the  first  step  we  must  take  to  amend  the  great- 
est evil  in  the  world — aristocracy  }  That  is,  to  not  no- 
tice them  in  the  least;  give  them  the  cold  shoulder  on 
all  occasions.  And  those  that  are  capable  and  inde- 
pendent must  tell  them  that  they  are  lying,  and  that 
they  should  know  better,  and  that  they  do  know  better. 
Do  not  let  a  lying,  swindling  scamp  mislead  the  peo- 
ple. If  there  are  plenty  of  men  that  sj3cak  for  the 
rights  of  the  jjcoplc,  that  is  a  good  presage  that  equal 
and  exact  justice  will  ultimately  prevail.  But  if  infa- 
mous scamps  are  suffered  to  lie  about  the  rights  of  the 
jjcople,  it  is  a  bad  sign.  If  there  should  be  quite  a  col- 
lection of  ))eople  at  a  place,  and  a  lying,  swindling  aris- 
tocrat shoulrl  arrive  there,  dressed  finely  and  elegantly 
in  broadcloth,  and  be  glib  of  spcecli,  and  speak  to  the 
]3eo|jie,  they  would  be  very  apt  to  listen  and  believe 
what    he  said,  even    if    he  said  very  many  lies.     The 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         I55 

people  look  too  much  to  appearances.  We  say,  Be- 
ware of  aristocracy  and  silver-tongued  strangers,  and 
above  all,  depend  on  your  own  judgment.  If  you  lis- 
ten to  others,  they  will  lead  you  for  their  interest.  We 
know  that  if  we  let  others  manage  our  business,  they 
will  doit  so  as  to  make  money  out  of  it  for  themselves. 
This  we  all  know  will  seldom  fail,  so  to  be  safe  we 
must  do  our  own  thinking,  our  own  business,  as  far  as 
we  can.  We  have  seen  the  people  let  the  lying,  thiev- 
ing aristocracy,  and  the  knaves  take  the  property  of 
the  people,  and  brought  the  masses  to  the  point  of 
starvation,  and  as  long  as  we  trust  them  they  will  con- 
tinue to  do  the  same.  So  then,  if  we  wish  to  prosper, 
we  must  not  trust  these  infamous  aristocrats.  And  do 
not  lose  sight  of  the  first  step;  do  not  listen  to  what 
they  say,  as  they  are  laying  plans  to  cheat  and  swindle 
you,  and  we  can  easily  see  that  they  must  steal,  as  they 
do  not  work,  and  they  have  to  do  something  to  get  a 
living.  And  that  is  some  immorality  and  infamy  of 
aristocracy. 

We  will  say  a  few  words  about  Alexander  the  Great. 
We  notice  that  some  barbarian  has  given  him  the 
name  of  "  the  Great."  We  cannot  see  the  propriety 
of  calling  him  great,  unless  we  call  him  the  great  sau- 
rian. The  saurian  is  a  fossil  of  the  reptile  species, 
say  of  the  lizard  genus,  thirty  or  forty  feet  long,  and 
when  living  was  one  of  the  most  destructive  animals 
that  ever  was  in  the  ocean,  but  lonQ^  has  been  extinct. 
Now,  I  cannot  give  Alexander  a  better  name  than 
Alexander  the  great  Saurian.  If  you  do  not  think  it 
is  proper,  read  the  siege  of  Tyre  and  the  siege  of 
Gaza,  and  you  will  be  satisfied.  He  was  not  a  human 
being.  He  was  a  brute,  a  beast.  He  had  no  feelings 
of  manhood  in  his  organization.  He  had  no  sympa- 
thy for  a  fellow  citizen  who  did  his  duty.  He  had  no 
soul  ;  he  was  one  of  the  lowest  specimens  of  barba- 
rism, and  one  of  the  lowest  organized  savages,  without 
a  sentiment  of  honor.  He  said  to  a  general,  "  Prepare 
to  be  tortured  '' ;  and  with  a  passion  like  a  tiger,  he  or- 
dered holes  to  be  made  through  the  man's  heels,  and 


156  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

a  rope  drawn  through,  and  then  had  the  rope  tied  to 
a  chariot  driving  through  the  streets,  dragging  the  man 
on  the  ground  until  he  was  dead.  If  this  is  human, 
we  cannot  see  it.  And  all  because  the  commander 
did  his  duty.  He  made  a  good  defense,  and  was  faith- 
ful to  his  trust.  We  think  that  the  proper  name  for 
that  reptile  is  Alexander  the  great  Saurian.  And  all 
can  plainly  see  that  the  world  is  improving  in  morals. 
No  such  action  would  be  tolerated  at  this  period  of 
the  world.  The  battle  of  Arbela,  in  which  Darius 
had  six  hundred  and  forty  thousand  men,  and  those 
of  the  saurian  less  than  fifty  thousand.  So  by  that 
Darius  had  thirteen  times  as  many  men  as  Alexander. 
It  does  not  look  reasonable;  it  is  too  much  odds. 
The  Persians  were  defeated,  and  lost  over  three  hun- 
dred thousand  men,  besides  many  prisoners,  and  Al- 
exander the  great  Saurian  some  twelve  hundred  only. 
Such  is  the  account  'of  Rottan,  which  may  be  right. 
The  Persian,  completely  discomfited,  was  followed  by 
Alexander  as  far  as  Arbela.  This  battle  was  fought 
in  the  year  330  before  Christ;  and  he  next  took  pos- 
session of  that  city,  and  he  took  possession  of  Babylon, 
Susa,  and  Persopolis.  In  those  cities  he  took  immense 
treasures,  and  he  set  fire  to  the  palace  of  Persepolis. 
Do  we  advance  in  morals  t  We  think  we  do.  Alex- 
ander remained  thirty-four  days  in  Babylon.  "The 
people,  from  a  religious  motive,  abandoned  themselves 
to  pleasures,  to  voluptuousness,  and  the  most  infa- 
mous excesses  ;  nor  did  ladies,  though  of  the  highest 
quality,  preserve  any  decorum  or  show  the  least  re- 
serve in  their  licentiousness,  but  so  far  from  endeavor- 
ing to  conceal  it  or  blushing  at  their  enormity,  they 
gloried  in  it."  Alexander  received  many  reinforce- 
ments, many  times  as  many  as  he  lost  in  the  last  battle. 
At  Susa  he  took  immense  sums  of  money  out  of  the 
treasury,  with  fifty  thousand  talents  of  silver  in  ore 
and  ingots.  This  wealth  was  the  produce  of  the  ex- 
actions imposed  for  several  centuries  upon  the  com- 
mon j)eoplc,  from  whose  sweat  and  toil  immense  rev- 
enues were  raised.    We  can  plainly  see  how  aristocracy 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         157 

has  robbed  the  people.  In  silver  Alexander  took 
forty-three  million  dollars,  and,  besides,  a  thousand 
other  things  of  inji7iite  value,  so  the  historian  says. 
The  infamous  aristocracy  have  always  taken  as  much 
from  the  people  as  they  had  a  desire  for,  and  to  this 
day  they  do  so  still ;  but  the  worst  of  it  is,  that  there 
are  millions  of  fools  and  knaves  who  assist  them  in  it. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY. 

Among  other  things  were  found  five  thousand  quin- 
tals of  Hermione  purple,  the  finest  in  the  world,  which 
was  worth  thirty  to  forty  millions  of  dollars.  This  purple 
had  been  treasured  up  during  the  space  of  one  hundred 
and  ninety  years,  and  its  luster  was  in  no  way  dimin- 
ished ;  and  many  rare  and  valuable  articles  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  victor.  Alexander  marched  his  army 
to  the  pass  of  Susa;  he  entered  the  pass,  but  he  had 
to  retreat  out  of  it,  as  the  enemy  rolled  stones  down 
the  steep  mountain  on  the  soldiers.  He  was  fortunate 
to  have  a  Grecian  prisoner,  who  knew  a  road  across 
the  mountain,  and  he  piloted  the  army  across  the  moun- 
tain. After  having  gone  through  many  difficulties  and 
dangers,  they  arrived  on  the  top  of  the  mountain,  and 
going  down,  they  found  the  enemy,  and  attacked  them 
in  the  rear.  All  those  that  resisted  were  cut  to  pieces 
by  Alexander's  men.  At  a  city,  Araxus,  Alexander 
found  eiorht  hundred  of  his  soldiers,  who  were  old  and 
worn  out,  who  had  been  taken  prisoners  by  the  Persians, 
and  mutilated  by  cutting  off  their  hands  and  other  mem- 
bers, and  then  keeping  them  to  laugh  at  and  make 
fun  of.  So  barbarians  treat  each  other.  Still  the  fa- 
natic and  smart  Alexander  will  say  that  we  are  not  ad- 
-fancing  in  morals.  At  Persepolis,  Alexander  took 
over  a  hundred  millions  of  o:old  and  silver  out  of  the 
treasury.  Gold  and  silver  were  found  in  heaps.  Xerxes 
ourned  Athens,  and  Alexander  burned  the  palace  of 


158  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

Persepolis.  We  notice  the  barbarians  took  revenge 
on  each  other  by  destroying  cities  and  palaces.  What 
a  barbarian  and  an  aristocrat  will  not  do  never  has 
been  done,  and  never  will  be  done,  that  is,  in  criminal- 
ity and  wickedness.  But  Alexander  excelled  Xerxes, 
as  he  set  fire  to  the  palace  of  Persepolis  with  his  own  » 
hands,  and  we  think  Xerxes  did  not,  as  we  have  no 
such  account.  This  was  a  magnificent  palace.  What 
an  immense  detriment  aristocracy  has  been  to  the 
world ;  the  amount  would  be  incredible,  were  we  to 
learn  how  much  it  is.  We  will  make  out  a  list  of 
some  part  of  the  damages  as  they  are  now,  and  give 
a  few  items  of  what  they  have  done  before — but  the 
hundredth  part  of  their  damage.  As  near  as  we  can 
come,  aristocracy  has  always,  to  this  day,  lived  on  the 
fat  of  the  land,  and  reveled  in  luxury  and  extravagance, 
and  wastefulness,  and  have  not  earned  a  tithe  of  their 
living,  but  robbed  and  stolen  it  from  the  people,  and 
not  paid  back  a  tenth  part  of  it. 

Bessus,  of  Bactriana,  seized  Darius,  and  bound  him 
in  chains  of  gold.  Alexander  was  in  pursuit  of  Darius, 
and  Bessus  wished  to  take  Darius  with  him,  as  he 
feared  to  risk  a  battle  with  Alexander,  but  Darius  re- 
fused to  go  with  him,  so  he  ordered  darts  to  be  thrown 
at  him,  which  wounded  him  so  that  he  died  before 
Alexander  arrived.  This  ended  the  Persian  empire, 
which  had  existed  two  hundred  and  six  years,  under 
thirteen  kings.  Alexander  took  over  ^150,000,000  in 
treasure  from  the  Persians.  Several  of  Alexander's 
officers  formed  a  plot  to  seize  the  reigns  of  govern- 
ment, but  it  ended  as  many  such  do — one  divulged 
the  plot,  and  one  was  put  on  the  rack,  and  confessed 
after  suffering  excruciating  torments.  They  were  all 
stoned  to  death,  after  the  custom  of  Macedonia.  Par- 
menio  was  accused  as  being  in  the  plot.  He  was 
many  davs'  march  from  Alexander;  he  sent  a  few 
men  to  kill  him,  and  he  was  stabbed  to  the  death,  and 
did  not  know  for  what.  Alexander  had  never  done 
anything  great  withr)ut  the  aid  of  Parmenio,  and  he 
was  the    greatest  man  of    the    two  :     Alexander,  the 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         1 59 

great  Saurian,  and  Parmenio,  and  he  was  murdered 
on  mere  suspicion.  The  Saurian  set  out  again  on  his 
march  against  Bessus,  who  laid  waste  all  the  country 
to  prevent  Alexander  following  him.  In  the  mean 
time  the  chief,  confident  of  Bessus,  formed  a  plot 
against  him,  and  tore  the  diadem  from  his  head,  and 
put  him  in  chains ;  tore  in  pieces  the  royal  robe  of 
Darius,  which  he  had  on,  and  set  him  on  horseback, 
in  order  to  give  him  to  x4.1exander,  which  they  did  ; 
and  he  gave  him  up  to  the  brother  of  Darius,  so  no 
doubt  he  feared  the  same  as  he  done  to  Darius,  whom 
he  killed.  Bessus  was  sent  to  Ecbatana,  to  be  put 
to  death.  Alexander  caused  the  people  of  a  whole 
village  to  be  put  to  the  sword,  when  they  had  received 
him  with  joy.  The  historian  asks  of  what  crimes 
were  those  citizens  guilty.  Were  they  responsible  for 
what  their  forefathers  had  committed  upwards  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years  before  ?  I  do  not  know 
whether  history  furnishes  another  example  of  so  brutal 
and  fanatic  a  cruelty.  The  man,  Alexander,  was  a 
lunatic  ;  he  had  lucid  intervals  at  times,  but  he  was  a 
saurian  at  times,  and  then  he  would  be  human  for  a 
time ;  he  would  be  a  beast  for  a  time,  and  then  he 
would  be  a  human  being.  But  the  greater  part  of  the 
time  he  was  a  brute  in  human  form  ;  a  ferocious  beast 
in  the  form  of  a  man  ;  an  aristocrat,  who  was  a  detri- 
ment to  the  human  race  ;  a  bloodthirsty  wretch,  who 
was  not  satisfied  unless  he  could  be  slaughtering  men, 
women  and  children  ;  a  monster  without  the  pale  of 
humanity;  a  fox  far  from  the  borders  of  civilization. 
He  desired  to  be  worshipped  as  a  god. 

There  was  a  strong  fortified  place  by  nature,  said 
to  be  defended  by  thirty  thousand  soldiers,  and  the 
approach  to  it  was  by  a  narrow  path.  It  was  a  Gib- 
raltar— a  steep  and  inaccessible  rock — and  no  army 
could  take  it  if  the  garrison  did  its  duty.  Alexander 
sent  a  deputy  to  summon  the  commander  to  surren- 
der. He  was  received  in  an  insolent  and  haughty  man- 
ner, and  was  asked  if  Alexander  had  wings  to  fly. 
Alexander  was   angry  when  the   agent  returned    with 


1  6o  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

the  answer.  He  then  summoned  three  hundred  of 
the  best  men  in  the  army  to  appear  before  him.  He 
ordered  them  to  take  such  tools  with  them  as  they 
thought  they  would  need,  and  on  the  back  side  of  the 
rock  ascend  to  the  top  of  it.  They  took  ropes,  wedges, 
hammers,  grasping-irons,  and  others  as  they  saw  fit, 
and  went  around  on  the  back  side,  and  began  scaling 
the  rock  all  unknown  to  the  garrison  and  commanding 
the  eminence.  They  worked  all  day,  and  in  the  night 
they,  after  incredible  hardships,  and  losing  thirty  of 
their  number  by  cold,  fatigue,  and  falling  down  the 
rocks,  the  remainder,  two  hundred  and  seventy,  gained 
the  top  of  the  rock.  By  previous  agreement,  they 
were  to  raise  a  signal  when  they  were  safe  on  the  rock. 
In  the  morning  the}^  raised  the  signal.  Alexander  saw 
it  first.  He  sent  a  deputy  again  to  exhort  them  to 
think  better  of  the  matter.  The  commander  sent  a 
haughtier  answer  than  before.  Then  the  deputy  took 
him  by  the  hand,  and  showed  him  the  soldiers  above 
him  on  the  rocks.  He  must  have  been  highly  aston- 
ished. Then  the  deputy  said  scornfully,  "  You  see 
Alexander's  soldiers  have  wings."  Then  the  bugles 
sounded  in  Alexander's  camp,  and  the  soldiers  loudly 
shouted  victory.  Thirty  of  the  barbarian  chiefs  were 
sent  with  the  deputy,  when  he  went  back,  and  they  of- 
fered to  surrender  on  condition  that  their  lives  would 
be  spared.  Alexander  refused  to  grant  them  any 
terms.  The  commander  of  the  fort  then  came  down 
with  his  relations,  and  the  principal  nobility  of  the 
country,  into  Alexander's  camp.  But  the  infamous 
saurian  and  demon,  having  no  sense  of  shame,  and  no 
respect  for  treaties  and  humanit^^  caused  them  to  be 
scourged,  and  then  fixed  to  crosses  at  the  foot  of  the 
rock.  Who  is  so  lost  to  the  sympathies  of  humanity 
as  not  to  be  shocked  at  such  an  inhuman  outrage,  and 
who  so  bloodthirsty  as  to  sanction  such  barbarity. 
But  no  one  would  do  such  an  act  but  a  brute.  This 
is  the  work  of  a  vile  and  degraded  aristocracy,  and  that 
aristocracy  calls  this  same  brute  who  done  this  •  infa- 
mously infernal  crime,  Alexander  the  Great.     We  call 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        l6r 

him,  Alexander  the  great  Saurian,  and  all  people  of  any 
sympathy  in  their  souls  will  say  we  are  right,  but  the  in- 
fernal aristocracy  will  still  say  Alexander  the  Great. 
Workingmen,  are  you  satisfied  that  the  people  of  this 
age  are  more  moral  than  those  barbarians  ?  Any  person 
will  say  yes,  but  a  diabolical  aristocrat  will  say  we  are 
going  back  to  barbarism  ;  so  will  a  fanatic  say  the 
same.  They  will  not  admit  that  we  are  getting  more 
moral,  for  if  they  do,  then  they  will  have  to  admit  that 
their  occupation  of  robbery,  theft,  and  swindling  will, 
in  time,  come  to  an  end,  which  idea  they  cannot  har- 
bor for  a  moment.  All  those  who  surrendered,  and 
their  treasures,  were  given  to  the  people  of  the  cities 
that  were  newly  founded.  Do  nations  do  so  now  ? 
We  are  certainly  improving  in  morals.  Clitus,  one  of 
his  best  men,  said  of  Alexander:  "  He  is  in  the  right," 
said  Clitus  as  he  rose  up,  "  not  to  bear  free-born  men 
at  his  table — who  can  only  tell  him  the  truth.  He 
will  do  well  to  pass  his  life  among  barbarians  and 
slaves,  who  will  be  proud  to  pay  their  adorations  to 
his  Persian  girdle,  and  white  robe."  He  afterwards 
struck  Clitus  with  a  javelin  and  killed  him  on  the  spot. 
This  same  Clitus  had  saved  his  life.  Alexander  also 
murdered  Calisthenes,  the  philosopher.  He  suspected 
him  without  reason  of  being  engaged  in  a  plot  against 
him,  and  ordered  him  tortured,  to  procure  a  confes- 
sion. But  he  insisted  on  his  innocence  to  the  last,  and 
died  in  excruciating  torments.  He  was  a  man  that 
would  grace  any  court,  and  shine  in  the  most  polished 
society,  and  he  was  murdered  by  a  monster  of  a  brute, 
when  he  was  an  innocent  man.  It  appears  the  sau- 
rian had  an  insatiable  appetite  for  blood,  and  he  ap- 
peased it  by  taking  the  lives  of  the  best  men  in  the 
nation. 

Those  high  in  office  and  in  great  power  should  be 
circumspect  in  their  behavior  and  actions,  and  set  a 
good  example  for  others  to  follow.  If  they  do  not  do 
so  they  should  be  hurled  from  their  high  stations,  for  no 
person  should  hold  an  exalted  station  but  a  good,  and 
honest,  and  exemplary  man  ;  for  when  the  wicked  rule 
11 


1 62  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

the  countr}'  mourns.  So  we  have  had  it,  and  so  we  still 
have  it.  We  say,  Workingmen,  take  the  helm,  and  in- 
stitute a  eood  government.  You  will  never  have  it 
until  you  do.  Aristocracy  has  had  the  control  of  the 
world  for  tens  of  thousands  of  years,  and  you  see  what 
work  they  have  made  of  it,  and  they  have  not  the 
moral  principle  to  inaugurate  a  just  and  fair  govern- 
ment. We  say  they  lack  justice  :  and  honor  is  a  vis- 
ible deficiency  in  the  aristocratic  character,  and  rob- 
bery, and  plunder,  and  idleness,  and  extravagance,  and 
wastefulness  are  their  true  characteristics.  We  say 
again  to  the  workingman,  Do  not  stultify  yourself  by 
suffering  them  to  rule  any  longer.  Attend  to  your 
rights  and  interests.  You  have  too  long  neglected 
them.  The  king,  Alexander,  commanded  his  soldiers 
to  burn  down  the  fortifications  of  that  place,  which  he 
besieged  in  a  regular  way,  and  put  all  the  inhabitants 
to  the  sword.  Do  the  nations  do  so  now.^*  No.  So 
we  are  progressing  in  morals.  But  as  Alexander  was 
going  around  the  walls  on  horseback  he  was  wounded 
by  an  arrow,  but  he  took  the  city,  and  made  a  dread- 
ful slaughter  of  the  soldiers  and  inhabitants,  and  did 
not  so  much  as  spare  the  houses.  These  last  battles 
were  fought  in  India.  Many  of  the  people  had  fled  to 
a  city,  Oxydracre,  where  the  saurian  came  near  losing 
his  life.  He  scaled  the  wall  with  a  ladder.  Soldiers 
followed,  and  the  ladder  broke,  and  he  was  left  alone 
on  the  wall  among  the  enemy.  A  heavy  arrow  en- 
tered his  side  through  his  coat  of  mail.  He  had  a 
combat  with  the  soldier  who  shot  the  arrow,  and  in 
time  his  men  came  to  his  assistance,  and  they  took 
the  city.  He  had  all  the  inhabitants  put  to  the  sword, 
without  recrard  to  acje  or  sex.  Ao^ain  we  see  the  utter 
barbarian.  This  brute  has  had  no  respect  for  women 
and  children,  ])ut,  having  no  sympathy,  no  soul,  butch- 
ers all,  even  mothers  and  their  children,  and  old  men, 
and  sucking  babes.  What  this  infernal  aristocracy 
will  not  do  cannot  be  named ;  but  they  are  ferocious 
tigers  and  hyenas,  and  we  hope  the  world  will  be  rid 
of  them. 


IMMORALIIY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        163 

Seneca  says:  "  Alexander,  who  is  justly  entitled  to 
the  plunder  of  all  nations,  made  his  glory  consist  in 
carrying  desolation  in  all  places,  and  rendering  him- 
self the  terror  of  mankind."  Alexander  abandoned 
himself  to  excessive  drinking;  for  days  and  nights  he 
and  his  whole  court  would  indulge  in  drinking  and 
feasting.  In  one  of  them  Hephsestion  died,  and  Al- 
exander built  a  monument  to  his  friend,  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  costly  that  was  ever  built.  It  cost 
over  ten  millions  of  dollars,  and  was  a  magnificent 
structure.  Alexander,  after  spending  a  whole  nightin 
feasting  and  drinking,  a  second  party  was  proposed  to 
him.  They  met  and  there  were  twenty  guests  at  table. 
He  drank  to  the  health  of  each  person  in  company, 
and  then  pledged  them  severally.  After  this,  calling 
for  Hercules'  cup,  which  held  six  bottles,  it  was  filled, 
when  he  poured  it  all  down,  drinking  to  a  Macedonian 
of  the  company,  Proteas  by  name,  and  afterwards 
pledged  him  again,  in  the  same  enormous  bumper. 
He  had  no  sooner  swallowed  it  than  he  fell  on  the 
floor.  Here,  then,  says  Seneca,  is  this  hero,  invincible 
by  all  the  toils  of  prodigious  marches,  by  the  dangers 
of  sieges  and  combats,  by  the  most  violent  extremes 
of  heat  and  cold ;  here  he  lies,  subdued  by  intemperance, 
and  struck  to  the  earth  by  the  fatal  cup  of  Hercules. 
In  this  condition  he  was  seized  with  a  violent  fever, 
and  carried  half  dead  to  his  palace.  He  thought  he 
would  recover,  so  he  gave  orders  for  the  sailing  of  the 
fleet  and  the  marching  of  the  land  forces.  But  at  last, 
finding  himself  past  all  hopes,  and  his  voice  failing, 
he  drew  his  rino-  from  his  finger  and  ofave  it  to  Perdic- 
cas,  with  orders  to  convey  his  corpse  to  the  temple  of 
Ammon.  It  was  considered  by  some  that  the  saurian 
was  poisoned.  But  we,  at  this  remote  period,  cannot 
form  a  correct  opinion  about  it,  as  the  testimony  is 
confiicting;  although  it  is  in  perfect  accordance  with 
the  character  of  the  people  of  the  times,  that  they 
should  take  the  demon  off  by  any  means  most  conve- 
nient. We  must  consider  the  barbarity  of  the  times, 
and  the  uncertainty  of  the  lives  of  his  followers,  and 


164  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

we  will  come  to  the  decision  that  the  matter  is  in 
doubt.  Some  say  that  he  was  a  great  man,  and  others 
say  he  was  not.  We  say  that  he  was  a  monster,  a 
fiend,  a  butcher,  a  brute,  an  unfeeling  wretch,  a  soul- 
less plunderer,  a  merciless  marauder,  a  fanatic,  a  tarta- 
rean  beast  with  lucid  intervals  of  manhood  at  times. 

One  great  mistake  of  the  people  is,  to  worship  gen- 
erals and  heroes ;  and  to  this  late  day  there  is  still  too 
much  of  man  worship.  In  old  times  the  people  did  not 
know  any  better,  as  they  never  heard  or  saw  anything 
but  slavery;  but  now  we  should  see  things  in  quite  a 
different  light,  as  we  have  had  many  opportunities  and 
seen  many  improvements,  and  much  progress,  that  the 
ancients  were  utter  strangers  to.  Then  they  were  not 
so  much  to  blame,  to  listen  to  an  ignorant,  and  in- 
famous, and  bloodthirsty,  and  lying,  and  cheating  aris- 
tocracy, as  they  knew  no  better.  Now  we  know  the 
infamy  and  entire  want  of  truth,  and  morals,  and  hon- 
or, and  veracity  of  these  degraded,  and  vicious  aristo- 
cratic drones ;  that  we  are  to  blame  to  listen  to  their 
speeches ;  and  the  day  is  not  far  distant  that  we  will 
lay  these  soulless  plunderers  out  to  the  weather,  as  the 
honey  bee  does  the  drone.  Matters  have  nearly  come 
to  a  crisis,  things  can  not  long  continue  in  this  chan- 
nel, the  few  drones  at  the  present  rate  will  own  all  the 
property.  And  he  must  surely  be  an  egregious  sim- 
pleton, who  can  not  see  it;  and  if  he  sees  it,  he  must 
be  worse  than  a  beast,  if  he  does  not  strike  for  his 
rights,  and  for  his  liberty.  It  must  be  a  stupid  dunce 
that  will  remain  under  the  dominion  of  the  aristocrat, 
and  rest  content.  And  what  do  we  see  at  this  day.? 
The  drone  cheating  the  laboring  man  out  of  more  than 
half  of  his  honest  toil.  It  is  enough  to  make  an  hon- 
est man  weep  day  and  night,  to  see  the  aristocrat  rob 
the  workingman  out  of  his  labor,  which  he  won  by 
sweat  and  blood  ;  and  the  drone  feasts  on  it,  and  the 
laborer  has  to  go  to  his  humble  cot  at  night,  with  an 
empty  stomach,  and  his  wife  and  children  lamenting 
over  their  destitution.  How  long  will  this  heartless 
predacian  continue  to  rob  the  poor  with  impunity,  and 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         1 65 

take  the  food  from  widows  and  orphans  ;  and  the  peo- 
ple stand  with  their  arms  folded,  and  not  endeavor  to 
prevent  the  robbers  from  stealing  the  last  morsel  from 
hungry  children  !  We  say,  now  is  the  time  to  strike  for 
freedom.  All  those  that  wish  to  be  free  men,  make  up 
your  minds  that  this  robbery  and  plunder  must  be 
stopped  immediately ;  that  it  will  not  be  tolerated  any 
longer.  And  when  you  make  up  your  mind  the  work 
will  be  half  done.  Do  not  say  you  can  do  nothing,  you 
can  do  your  duty  ;  that  is  imperative  on  you.  You  and 
all  and  every  maq  must  do  his  duty  without  any  excuse  ; 
each  has  a  right  to  demand  justice  from  others;  and 
no  person  has  a  right  to  take  any  advantage  of  a  fel- 
low man.  If  a  wolf  sees  another  wolf  have  a  bone  he 
will  covet  the  same,  and  if  he  be  larger  and  stronger, 
he  will  take  it  from  him  ;  so  with  an  aristocrat,  if  he 
sees  his  neighbor  has  a  fine  farm  he  will  take  it  from 
him  if  he  can,  by  fair  means  or  foul ;  if  he  can  only  get 
it,  that  is  all  he  cares.  And  if  he  cheats  his  neighbor, 
he  will  say  it  was  fair,  he  did  it  by  superior  calculation; 
and  we  now  think  of  a  miscreant,  who  said  that  if  one 
man  could  get  another  to  give  him  many  times  what 
an  article  was  worth,  it  was  all  right,  if  he  only  could 
get  his  consent.  We  say  that  no  man  should  take  a 
penny  from  another  without  giving  him  full  remunera- 
tion ;  and  it  is  a  shame  and  disgrace  to  take  advantage 
of  a  man's  ignorance,  and  cheat  him  in  barter  or  sale  ; 
but  he  should  be  given  full  value  to  the  last  farthing. 
And  if  a  man  offers  to  give  m.ore  than  an  article  is 
worth,  he  should  not  accept  it;  and  strict  morality  re- 
quires it.  So  if  a  man  makes  a  mistake  and  pays  you 
too  much,  if  you  notice  it,  pay  it  to  him  instantly.  Do 
not  sell  yourself  for  any  price.  Many  are  bought  and 
sold  like  cattle  in  the  market.  They  are  barbarians. 
The  world  is  worse  off  on  their  account.  It  would 
have  been  better  if  they  had  never  been  born — they 
are  a  stumbling  block  to  progress,  a  disgrace  to  their 
species  ;  and  all  men  should  study  to  do  what  is  right. 
The  perfection  of  morals  is  contained  in  a  few  words, 
and  all  know  it  if  they  hear  them  :   ''  Doiuhat  is  right.'' 


1 66  THE  workiiNGMan's  guide. 

But  the  fanatic  says  that  is  good  as  far  as  it  goes.  Can 
the  fanatic  go  farther?  We  think  but  few  come  up 
to  this  maxim,  and  he  who  says  it  don't  go  far  enough, 
you  better  shun  him.  No  person  can  go  farther  than 
that,  and  very  few  come  up  to  it.  And  those  who  say 
it  does  not  go  far  enough,  are  bad  teachers.  Do  not 
listen  to  him,  he  will  lead  you  into  error.  He  wants 
to  guide  so  as  to  get  your  money.  We  say  that  a  man 
who  says  that  does  not  go  far  enough,  will  mislead  you 
if  you  take  his  advice.  Every  person  knows  that  the 
maxim  is  a  good  one,  and  a  man  who  always  comes  up 
to  it  cannot  be  excelled,  and  that  man  does  his  duty, 
and  no  sensible  man  will  find  fault  with  him.  And 
any  man  who  undertakes  to  direct  a  person  who  is 
traveling  that  road  another  way,  has  a  sinster  motive. 
It  is  a  crime  to  advise  a  person  to  go  a  doubtful  high-- 
way,  when  he  is  traveling  a  certain  road  home. 

Rollin  says  :  "  In  the  second  century  the  empire  of 
Rome  consisted  of  the  fairest  part  of  the  earth  and 
the  most  civilized  portion  of  mankind ^  We  desire 
you  to  pay  attention  to  the  words  scored.  We  neg- 
lected to  tell  our  readers  that  we  were  writing  about 
the  most  enlightened  and  the  most  civilized  barbari- 
ans on  the  earth ;  they  were  all  barbarians  then,  and 
that  was  taken  from  Rpllin's  Ancient  History.  Now 
we  are  coming  nearer  to  our  own  times,  and  it  is  too 
much  the  old  thing — vice  and  degradation,  and  the 
worst  men  ruling  their  betters ;  aristocracy  ruling 
working  men,  the  drones  ruling  the  workers  in  the 
honey  bees  of  the  hive.  But  the  honey  bees  will  not 
allow  that  they  know  better.  Can  it  be  that  we,  with 
our  boasted  intelligence,  do  not  know  our  own  inter- 
ests as  well  as  the  little  busy  bee  }  Shame  on  us,  we 
do  not ;  and  let  us  turn  over  a  new  leaf,  and  take  a  new 
departure,  and  study  and  work  for  our  own  interests, 
and  not  permit  the  busy  bee  to  excel  us  in  sense  and 
reason.  And  let  us  turn  the  aristocratic  drones  out 
to  pasture,  and  let  them  glean  their  own  living.  Who 
can  say  that  will  be  wrong.?  None  but  the  lying,  pre- 
dacian  aristocracy.      But,  we  say,  do  your  duty,  and 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       1 67 

see  that  you  get  the  full  value  of  your  labor.  We  all 
think  the  working  man  should  have  the  fruits  of  his 
labor.  Then  we  should  make  a  move  to  get  it,  and 
not  stand  idle  and  let  the  drones  sip  the  honey.  If 
you  are  satisfied  to  work  for  the  drones  for  food  and 
clothing — and  the  commonest,  and  scant  at  that — we 
cannot  help  you.  For  thousands  of  years  fools  have 
worked  for  the  drones,  and  many  will  do  so  a  long 
time  yet.  But,  we  can  tell  you,  light  is  appearing  in 
the  minds  of  the  people,  and  aristocracy  is  destined  to 
extinction,  or  is  doomed  to  utter  annihilation.  They 
will  be  eradicated  like  so  many  weeds,  that  should  not 
cumber  the  ground.  A  farmer  who  permits  the  weeds 
to  choke  his  crop,  will  not  reap  a  good  harvest.  The 
weeds  must  be  extracted,  so  that  the  wheat  can  grow. 
So  the  drones  must  be  driven  out,  that  the  workers  can 
have  the  benefit  of  their  labor.  So  the  honey  bee  . 
does,  and  we  should  do  as  well  as  they.  Come,  rise 
up  from  your  lethargy,  and  claim  your  long-lost  rights. 
Awake  from  your  inattention,  and  try  and  do  your 
duty.  It  is  absurd  to  say  that  we  cannot  do  anything. 
Many  poor  tools  say  so :  when  you  hear  a  man  say 
that,  make  up  your  mind  that  he  is  one  of  the  aristo 
cratic  implements.  He  talks  like  a  parrot  what  he 
hears  his  file  leader  say.  The  vicious  drone  told  him 
that,  and  he  only  says  what  they  say. 

We  shall  now  extract  some  of  the  vice  from  Gib- 
bon's Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire.  And 
well  may  we  say  vice,  as  little  else  is  contained  in  it. 
The  Empire  comprised  most  of  the  then  known 
world,  and  was  a  mixture  of  barbarism  and  civiliza- 
tion, unparalleled  in  ancient  and  modern  times.  For 
nearly  a  thousand  years,  in  the  second  century,  the 
free  constitution  was  respected,  but  it  was  only  a 
shadow  of  a  good  government.  The  senate  ruled  su- 
preme; and  military  rule,  at  times,  claimed  its  way. 
All  will  say  so,  when  the  soldiers  sell  the  supreme  of- 
fice of  Emperor  to  the  highest  bidder.  That  looks  as 
if  we  have  progressed  in  morals.  Bad  as  the  infernal 
aristocracy   has  been,  they  never   dare  do   that    now. 


106  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

There  is  nothing  too  low  and  degraded  that  the  cod- 
fish would  not  do  if  they  dared,  and  if  it  was  for  their 
interest.  They  are  the  quintescence  of  venom  of  the 
whole  world  ;  all  the  evil  united  can  not  quiet  them. 
They  are  practised  in  disguise,  and  deception,  and 
deceit,  and  debasement,  and  diabolism,  and  have  been 
for  tens  of  thousands  of  years.  The  principal  con- 
quests were  achieved  under  the  republic.  The  seven 
first  centuries  were  filled  with  rapid  triumphs.  But 
Augustus  relinquished  the  idea  of  conquering  the 
whole  earth.  The  aristocrats,  frequently,  are  defeated 
in  their  schemes  of  plunder  and  theft,  and  often  get  the 
worst  of  a  campaign.  The  generals  of  Augustus 
marched  a  thousand  miles  to  conquer  Ethiopia"  and 
Arabia  Felix,  South,  but  the  heat  of  the  climate  com- 
pelled them  to  retrace  their  steps.  Those  nations 
were  peaceable  people,  that  had  not  offended  the  bel- 
ligerants  in  the  least,  but  the  merciless  codfish  aris- 
tocracy were  thirsting  for  blood  ;  and  see,  they  trav- 
eled a  thousand  miles  to  kill  and  slay  those  that  nev- 
er had  harmed  them  at  all.  Aristocracy  will  do  the 
work  of  Beelzebub  at  any  time,  if  it  is  for  their  inter- 
est. The  only  accession  that  the  Romans  acquired 
during  the  first  century  of  the  Christain  era  was  the 
Province  of  Britain ;  and  they  were  forty  years  con- 
quering that  people;  and  if  they  had  been  united  it 
would  have  taken  much  longer;  but  they,  the  Britains, 
had  to  expend  part  of  their  strength  fighting  one  an- 
other;  and  at  the  end  of  forty  years  some  of  the  tribes 
were  not  yet  subdued.  In  the  northern  part  of  th^ 
island  the  Caledonians  were  independent,  and  the  Ro- 
mans never  subdued  them.  That  cold  and  frigid  land 
remained  independent,  and  chased  the  deer  in  entire 
nakedness. 

From  the  death  of  Augustus  to  the  accession  of 
Trajan,  the  poHcy  of  the  empire  was  not  to  extend  it 
by  conquests.  liut  Trajan  was  in  for  war  ;  he  was  for 
l)Iood.  He  declared  war  against  the  Dacians,  which 
lasted  nearly  five  years,  and  the  Dacians  were  com- 
pletely conquered  ;  and  the  country  was  about  thirteen 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        1 69 

hundred   miles  in  circumference.     Trajan  was  ambi- 
tious for  fame,  and  as  long  as  the  people  applaud  the 
warlike  acts  of  generals,  and  are  fools  enough  to  look 
up  to  those  tigers  and  worship  them,  so   long  there 
will    be  these  merciless  predacians.     The  people  do 
wrong  in  giving  a  human  tiger  credit.     The  proper 
way  is  to  not  notice  him,  even  when  he  speaks  ;  turn 
your  back  to  him  ;  he  is  a  dangerous  citizen,  and  would 
like  to  take  your  liberty  from  you.     He  is  nearly  al- 
ways on  the  side  of  despotism.     Be  careful  and  watch 
him.     Do  not  trust  him  in  office  ;  he  is  a  tyrant.     The 
station  of  general  most  generally  makes    tyrants    of 
men  who  were  not  so  before.    The  whole  acts  are  nat- 
urally tyrannical.     Trajan  conquered  many  countries; 
but  life  is  short,  and  the  bloodthirsty  tyrants  have  to 
go  that  sequestered  strade  that  admits  of  no  return. 
Next  appeared  the  mild  and  peaceable  Emperor  Ha- 
drian.    He  was  opposed   to  preserving  the  extent  of 
the  empire  that  his  predecessor   had  enlarged   it  to. 
He  restored  the  provinces  to  the  nations  from  whom 
they  were  taken,  and  established  the  old  boundaries 
of  the  empire.     He  had  an  excuse  for  his  leniency  ;  it 
was  that,  as  he  said,  "he   was  unequal  to  the  task  of 
defending  the  conquests  of  Trajan."     The  warlike  and 
bloodthirsty  spirit  of  Trajan  formed  a  wide  contrast 
with  the  mildness  and  justice  of  Hadrian.     And  yet 
Hadrian  was  ever  on  the  move  attending  to  his  duty, 
always  busy  as  a  bee ;  in  summer's  heat  and  winter's 
cold,  in  snow  and  rain,  he  was  journeying  to  see  his 
subjects.     For  forty  years  the  reigns  of    Hadrian    and 
Antonius  Rus  were  nearly  continuous   peace,  and  the 
Roman   name  was  revered,  respected,  renowned,  and 
regarded  among  the  most  remote  nations  of  the  earth. 
The  fiercest  barbarians  submitted  their  arbitrations  to 
the  Roman  emperor.     At  this  time   the    Roman   em- 
pire was  in  its  zenith  of  happiness,  peace,  and  pros- 
perity.     But  Rome  did   not  know  her  own  good;  she 
did  not  know  then  was  her  happiest  day.     We  are 
giving  our  readers  the  bright  side  of  the  picture.   But, 
as  we  must  speak  the  truth,  you  will  have  the   same 
horrible  transactions  revealed. 


I  70  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Public  virtue  is  derived  from  a  strong  sense  of  our 
own  interest,  in  the  preservation  of  free  government, 
of  which  we  are  members.  On  a  soldier's  entrance 
into  service,  an  oath  was  administered  to  him  with 
every  circumstance  of  solemnity.  He  promised  never 
to  desert  his  standard;  to  submit  his  own  will  to  the 
commands  of  his  leaders,  and  to  sacrifice  his  life  for 
the  safety  of  the  emperor  and  the  empire.  Here  you 
can  see  the  fetters  that  the  tyrant  and  aristocrat  shackle 
the  poor  man  with,  and  the  drone  makes  a  complete 
slave  of  him.  War  is  a  terrible  calamnity,  and  no 
man  should  engage  in  it  only  when  his  country  is  in- 
vaded ;  he  should  not  invade  the  fireside  of  his  neigh- 
bor, but  if  a  thief  or  aristocrat  invades  his  home,  he 
should  give  him  Asmodeus.  The  standing  army  of 
the  Roman  empire  in  the  first  and  second  centuries 
amounted  to  about  four  hundred  and  fifty  thousand. 
The  standing  armies  of  the  kingdoms  now  comprising 
the  empire  all  amount  to  many  times  that  number. 
But  we  cannot  make  a  comparison,  as  the  population 
is  many  times  greater  now  than  then.  We  shall  give 
the  standing  armies  of  all  the  principal  governments 
before  we  finish,  and  their  pay  and  principal  object. 
But  all  men  of  sense  know  it  is  to  keep  the  masses  in 
slavery.  It  is  the  great  slave  maker  for  aristocracy  ;  it 
makes  slaves  of  the  people  for  aristocracy,  and  the  poor 
slaves  have  to  pay  the  bill.  O  !  how  long  will  the  peo- 
ple grind  an  ax  to  guillotine  themselves  with  ?  How 
long  will  you  sharpen  a  sword  for  the  aristocracy  to 
slay  you  with  }  It  is  time  that  we  see  and  know  that 
we  do  not  get  our  just  reward  for  labor.  As  the  Ro- 
mans subdued  different  nations,  they  by  degrees  en- 
slaved them,  and  fashioned  them  to  the  yoke.  After  the 
Romans  had  possession  of  much  of  Asia  for  forty 
years,  eighty  thousand  Romans  were  massacred  in  one 
day.  This  was  the  result  of  the  management  of  the 
barbarian  aristocracy.  They  enslaved  the  barbarians, 
and  the  barljarians  butchered  them,  and  after  many  se- 
vere lessons  of  chasetisements  they  could  not  learn  a 
way  to  keep  all  the  nations  in  bondage  they  had  sub- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         I7I 

dued.  And  what  did  it  all  come  to?  It  all  fell  to  pieces. 
After  spending  millions  of  dollars,  as  many  lives,  the 
result  was  zero.  So  it  always  will  be;  what  is  con- 
ceived in  injustice,  and  finished  in  iniquity,  will  end  in 
ruin  and  desolation;  and  so  it  is  with  Rome,  and  so 
will  it  end  with  some  of  the  nations  of  the  present  day. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

IMMORALITY  AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY. 

The  Romans  when  they  conquered  a  country,  they 
introduced  their  own  language  (the  Latin),  the  Greeks 
excepted.  They  refused  to  adopt  the  Latin  language. 
So  it  came  to  pass  that  the  two  languages  were  spok- 
en in  the  Roman  Empire — Greek  for  science  and  Lat- 
in for  business.  More  than  100,000  prisoners  were 
taken  in  one  Jewish  war.  At  the  time  Domitius  was 
Praetor  in  Sicily,  a  slave  killed  a  large  boar.  The  Prae- 
tor wished  to  see  the  slave  who  had  the  courage  to  kill 
a  boar.  The  man  presented  himself  before  the  Prse- 
tor,  and  the  Preetor  ascertained  that  he  had  killed  the 
boar  with  a  javelin.  The  poor  man  expected  praise, 
but  he  was  ordered  to  be  executed,  because  it  was 
against  the  law  for  a  slave  to  use  a  javelin.  Do  we 
progress  ?  The  tyrant  and  fanatic  and  aristocracy  will 
say  no,  but  the  man  of  discrimination  and  truth  will 
say  we  do.  But  they  progressed,  and  the  slaves  were 
better  treated.  You  notice  that  the  prisoners  were 
either  killed  or  sold  as  slaves;  you  perceive  that  in 
civilized  countries  they  do  not  have  slaves  at  present, 
and  that  the  countries  mentioned  were  the  most  civil- 
ized people  then  on  the  earth.  Some  of  the  Romans 
possessed  as  many  as  twenty  thousand  slaves,  and 
many  men  owned  ten  thousand  slaves.  Learned 
slaves  were  worth  more  than  unlearned  ones.  Many 
of  the  Roman  physicians  were  slaves  ;  some  learned 
the  arts  and  sciences.  It  was  considered  at  one  time 
that  the  Roman   Empire  consisted  of   120,000,000  in- 


I  72  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

habitants,  which  is  many  for  one  government.  In  the 
year  200  the  roads  in  the  Roman  Empire  were  good, 
fruit  was  plenty,  wine  was  common  in  many  countries, 
manufactures  were  considerable,  but  still  in  their  in- 
fancy, a  pound  of  silk  was  considered  in  Rome  worth 
a  pound  of  gold.  The  people  of  Rome  viewed  with 
secret  pleasure  the  humiliation  of  aristocracy,  demand- 
ed only  bread  and  public  shows,  and  were  supplied 
with  both  by  the  liberal  hand  of  Augustus.  You  see 
aristocracy  humiliated,  many  of  the  aristocracy  became 
extinct,  and  such  had  been  the  case  before  in  Athens. 
That  was  a  type  of  the  future.  The  workingman  will 
exercise  all  the  legal  power,  and  the  vile  and  vicious, 
and  vain  and  vagrant,  and  extravagant  aristocracy  will 
have  to  step  out,  and  honesty  and  truth  will  be  triumph- 
ant in  the  world.  All  the  workingmen  will  have  to 
do  is  that  each  man  does  his  duty.  We  will  instruct 
you  what  to  do. 

In  his  camp,  the  general  exercised  an  absolute  power 
of  life  and  death  ;  his  jurisdiction  was  not  confined 
to  any  form  of  trial  or  rules  of  proceeding,  and  the  exe- 
cution was  immediate,  and  without  appeal.  This  looks 
as  if  we  have  progressed.  This  was  in  the  reign  of 
Augustus.  Augustus  considered  a  military  force  the 
firmest  foundation.  He  wisely  rejected  it  as  a  very 
odious  instrument  of  government.  Augustus  had  a 
cool  head,  an  unfeeling  heart,  and  a  cowardly  disposi- 
tion, and  at  nineteen  he  put  on  the  garb  of  hypocrisy, 
which  he  always  wore.  He  was  all  artificial  ;  he  was 
the  enemy  and  the  father  of  Rome  as  his  interests  dic- 
tated; he  wished  to  deceive  the  people  by  the  shadow 
of  liberty,  and  the  armies  by  an  image  of  civil  govern- 
ment. The  death  of  Coi^sar  was  ever  before  his  eyes. 
Caesar  had  provoked  his. fate  by  the  ostentation  of  his 
power,  as  by  his  power  itself.  Augustus  was  sensible 
that  mankind  was  governed  by  names,  and  he  expected 
that  the  senate  and  people  would  submit  to  slavery, 
provided  that  they  were  frequently  told  that  they  had 
the  freest  government  in  the  world.  That  is  the  case 
with  very  many  of  the  American  gulls,  who  are  four 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         1 73 

millions  strong.  We  shall  give  you  a  description  of 
them  after  awhile.  The  aristocracy  have  them  in  ever}' 
country,  and  they  can  manage  them  as  easy  as  a  man 
can  a  gentle  horse.  Do  not  deceive  yourself  to  think 
that  there  is  no  aristocracy  in  America.  An  ignoramus 
told  us,  not  long  ago,  that  there  was  no  aristocracy  in 
America.  He  did  not  know  beans.  Those  predacians 
are  all  over  the  world  like  vermin,  and  they  must  be  erad- 
icated. They  are  vermin,  because  they  live  like  para- 
sites on  the  body  politic.  This  is  the  beginning  of 
monarchy  in  Rome.  After  they  had  this  government 
for  seventy  years,  after  the  murder  of  Caligula,  the 
senate  undertook  to  resume  the  ancient  republic,  but 
while  they  only  meditated  and  gave  the  watchword  of 
liberty  for  forty-eight  hours,  the  Praetorian  guards  re- 
solved and  acted.  The  stupid  Claudius  was  already  in 
their  camp,  invested  with  the  imperial  purple,  and  pre- 
pared to  support  his  election  by  arms.  The  dream  of 
liberty  was  at  an  end,  and  the  senate  awoke  to  all  the 
horrors  of  inevitable  servitude.  Caligula  and  Domitian 
were  assassinated  in  their  own  palaces  by  their  domes- 
tics, and  the  convulsion  was  confined  to  the  city. 

Nero  involved  the  whole  empire  in  his  ruin.  In  the 
space  of  eighteen  months  four  princes  perished  by  the 
sword,  and  the  Roman  world  was  shaken  by  the  fury 
of  contending  armies.  The  emperor  was  elected  by 
the  authority  of  the  senate  and  the  consent  of  the  sol- 
diers. The  legions  respected  the  oath  of  fidelity.  The 
infamous  aristocracy  will  tell  the  people  that  democ- 
racy will  not  stand.  That  is  a  base  falsehood.  We 
say  that  aristocracy  is  a  bloody  succession  of  ups  and 
downs.  The  reader  that  is  not  satisfied  already,  will 
be  soon.  Notice  what  sanguinary  work  the  Abaddons 
did;  what  evil  work  was  continually  going  on,  and  the 
world  has  been  miserably  controlled  by  a  set  of  Apoll- 
yon's  tools  ;  and  they  did  his  work  well,  and  they  will 
continue  to  do  so  if  the  workingmen  will  permit  them 
to.  But  we  see  light  and  reason  and  justice  will  com- 
mand the  world.  Claudius  was  obliged  to  purchase 
their  consent  to  his  coronation.     The  presents  which 


174  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

he  made,  and  those  they  received  on  other  occasions, 
embarrassed  the  finances.  And  the  legions  of  Gaul 
murdered  their  general.  Another  miscreant  made  him- 
self to  be  declared  emperor,  and  we  will  soon  see 
enough  trouble  the  infernal  aristocracy  has  had  with 
the  people  and  soldiers.  If  a  person  were  called  on 
to  fix  the  period  of  the  greatest  happiness  and  prosper- 
ity of  the  Roman  people,  he  would,  without  hesitation, 
name  that  which  elapsed  from  the  death  of  Domitian 
to  the  ascension  of  Commodus.  Four  successive  em- 
perors governed  the  empire  with  virtue  and  wisdom  ; 
so  says  Gibbon.  We  think  it  should  be  received  with 
some  allowance,  as  that  is  a  rare  but  a  possible  thing 
for  the  nefarious  and  despicable  aristocracy  to  do.  We 
have  not  found  any  such  record  before.  The  Romans 
at  this  time  did  not  know  anything  about  the  instabil- 
ity of  government,  which  depends  on  the  character  of 
one  man,  and  when  his  and  their  interest  were  in  di- 
ametrical opposition.  The  m'ass  of  the  people  have 
very  seldom  thought  of  the  above  fact.  It  is  rare 
that  such  a  government  is  for  the  interest  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  it  requires  but  little  meditation  to  solve  the 
question.  Mankind  have  always  worked  for  their  own 
interest ;  and  so  with  the  one-man  power,  the  one  man 
works  for  himself.  So  do  not  trust  one  man  nor  a  few 
men  with  the  government.  Aristocracy  certainly  will 
not  do. 

In  the  conduct  of  the  monarchs,  we  can  find  every 
vice  known  to  the  world,  and  a  few  traits  of  character 
that  would  do  honor  to  any  age  and  nation.  These 
last  are  the  type  of  the  coming  millenium.  The  aris- 
tocrat will  dislike  the  sound  of  that  word  in  the  sense 
we  use  it,  but  we  cannot  help  it;  the  truth  is  what  we 
are  seeking,  and  we  believe  that  if  you  seek,  you  shall 
find,  and  knock,  and  it  shall  be  opened  to  you.  So  the 
aristocrat  has  found  it.  He  seeks  to  rob,  steal  and 
plunder,  and  he  has  found  the  opportunity  to  do  the 
same  on  a  large  scale,  and  he  has  done  much  of  that 
work.  But  let  us  resume  our  theme.  The  dark  and 
unrelenting  Tiberius,  the  furious  Caligula,  the  feeble 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         I  75 

Claudius,  and  the  profligate  and  cruel  Nero,  the  beast- 
ly Vitellus,  and  the  inhuman  Domitian,  are  condemned 
to  everlasting  infamy.  During  the  reign  of  these  rep- 
tiles, the  conquests  of  the  empire  were  extensive,  which 
made  their  condition  completely  wretched.  A  young 
nobleman  once  said  that  he  left  the  Sultan's  presence, 
but  he  felt  if  his  head  was  on  his  shoulders.  The  Ro- 
man empire  was  the  world,  and  one  man  owning  it. 
He  made  slaves  of  those  he  wanted  to,  and  took  off  the 
heads  of  all  he  desired  to,  and  that  was,  all  who  he 
considered  in  his  way.  And  the  people  were  not  safe 
under  the  one  man  power.  But  the  silly  goose  said 
to  us  :  "  I  do  not  know  but  we  shall  have  to  go  back 
to  the  one  man  power."  He  hates  a  democrat,  but 
what  of  that,?  He  is  a  cipher,  and  always  will  be  one, 
and  he  is  a  good  tool  of  aristocracy ;  he  will  work  for 
them  all  he  can,  but  they  will  not  do  much  for  him. 
Poor  tool,  he  is  vermin  !  "  Wherever,"  said  Cicero  to 
the  exiled  Marcellus,  "you  are,  remember  that  you  are 
in  the  hands  of  the  conqueror."  Marcus  was  emperor 
in  the  year  a,  d.  i8o.  He  was  a  mild  man.  Gibbon 
says  Faustiana,  his  wife,  was  celebrated  for  her  gal- 
lantries, as  for  her  beauty.  The  gravity  of  Marcus  did 
not  engage  her  wanton  levity,  or  fix  that  unbounded 
passion  for  variety  which  often  discovered  personal 
merit  in  the  meanest  of  mankind ;  and  the  amours  of 
an  empress,  as  they  exact  on  her  side  the  plainest  ad- 
vances, are  seldom  perceptible  of  sentimental  delicacy. 
Marcus  was  the  only  man  in  the  empire  (too  strong, 
no  doubt)  who  seemed  ignorant  or  insensible  of  the 
irregularities  of  Faustiana,  which,  according  to  the 
prejudices  of  every  age,  reflected  some  disgrace  on  the 
injured  husband.  He  promoted  several  of  her  lovers 
to  posts  of  honor  and  profit,  and  during  a  connection 
of  thirty  years,  invariably  gave  her  proofs  of  the  most 
tender  confidence  and  respect,  which  ended  not  with 
her  life.  In  his  meditations  he  thanks  the  gods  that 
had  bestowed  on  him  a  wife  so  faithful,  so'gentle,  and 
of  such  a  wonderful  simplicity  of  manners.  The  obse- 
quious senate,  at  his  earnest  request,  declared   her  a 


176  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

goddess.  She  was  represented  in  her  temples  with  the 
attributes  of  Juno,  Venus,  and  Ceres,  and  it  was  de- 
creed that  on  the  day  of  their  nuptials,  the  youths  of 
either  sex  should  pay  their  vows  before  the  altar  of  the 
chaste  patroness,  (a  female  guardian  saint).  She  was 
a  lucky  Venus.  The  world  has  laughed  at  Marcus  for 
his  credulity,  but  Madame  Dacier  assures  us  (and  we 
may  credit  a  lady),  that  the  husband  will  always  be 
deceived  if  the  wife  condescends  to  dissemble. 

The  next  emperor  is  Commodus;  he  was  a  simple 
minded  boy,  petted  and  spoiled  by  his  father  first,  and 
the  finish  was  put  on  by  his  attendants.  Of  all  the  em- 
perors none  were  so  corrupt  and  degraded  as  Commo- 
dus. Upon  the  death  of  his  father,  Commodus  found  a 
large  array  upon  his  hands,  and  a  war  that  was  difficult. 
One  night,  as  he  was  going  home,  an  assassin  rushed 
on  him,  but  the  guards  seized  him,  and  he  disclosed 
the  conspirators,  which  were  in  the  walls  of  the  palace. 
The  emperor's  sistei*  Lucilla,  ambitious  of  being  first 
in  rank,  had  armed  the  murderer  against  her  brother's 
life.  Her  husband  was  a  senator,  loyal  to  the  emper- 
or, so  she  did  not  let  him  in  the  secret;  but  among  the 
crowd  of  her  lovers  (for  she  was  of  Faustiana's  habit), 
she  found  men  of  infamous  characters,  who  were  will- 
ing to  serve  her  wicked  passions,  as  well  as  her  tender 
passion.  The  conspirators  received  the  rigor  of  the 
law,  and  the  abandoned  princess  was  punished  with 
exile,  and  death  afterwards.  They  who  were  in  the 
plot  were  all  of  them  senators,  even  the  assassin.  This 
poisoned  the  mind  of  the  emperor,  and  he  looked  on 
the  senate  with  suspicion,  and  distinction  of  every 
kind  soon  became  criminal  ;  and  so  it  is  at  this  late 
day.  The  death  of  a  senator  was  attended  with  the 
death  of  those  who  had  the  sympathy  to  lament  for 
him,  and  after  this  the  emperor  was  a  tiger  and  a  de- 
mon ;  he  had  tasted  first  blood.  Many  innocent  men 
died.  Two  brothers  of  the  Quintilian  family — they 
were  as  one- family — always  together,  and  shared  each 
other's  gains  and  losses  ;  Ijut  they  were  marked  by  the 
tiger  demon,  and    the  bloodthirsty  beast  invited  them 


IMMORALTTY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        1 77 

in  death.     The  demon  shed  the  best  blood  of  the  sen- 
ate.    The  tyrant  discovered  another  plot  that  was  ripe 
for  execution,  and  the  demon  would   have  had  a  nar- 
row escape  but  for  its  disclosure  by  one  of  the  gang, 
as    there  were  many  of  them.     Cieander  was  the  suc- 
cessor of  Perenius,  and  he  was  a  robber  and  a  thief ;  in 
three  3^ears  he  had   more  wealth  than  any  freed  man 
ever  had  accumulated.      He  made  presents  to  the  em- 
peror, and  iri    that  manner  silenced  him.     He   must 
have  accumulated  in  three  years  twelve  or  fifteen  mil- 
lion of  dollars,  but  such   work  soon  come  to  an  end. 
Pestilence  and  famine  brought  the    people  to    their 
senses.     Want  made  them   think  where  some  of  the 
money  had  gone  to  ;  some  fanatics  imputed   it  to  the 
just  indignation  of  the  gods  ;   others  laid  it  to  the  mo- 
nopoly of  corn  by  Cieander.     The  crisis  came  soon  ; 
it  broke  out  in   the  circus,  and   the  people  demanded 
the   head  of  the  rich  thief,  who   had  stolen  millions. 
He  commanded  the   Praetorian   guards  ;    he  ordered 
a  body  of  cavalry  to  disperse  the  mob  ;  they  fled  to  the 
city;    when  the  cavalry  entered  the  streets,  they  were 
met  by  a  shower  of  stones — many  were  killed.     The 
foot  guards,  who  were  jealous  of  the  Praetorian  guards, 
joined  the  people.      The    Praetorians  gave  way,  Com- 
modus,  the  demon,  was  in  his  palace;  his  sister  and 
his  favorite  concubine  entered   his  apartment  (which 
was  death),  and  bathed  in  tears  told  the  emperor    the 
impending    ruin  ;    he  ordered    Cleander's  head  to  be 
thrown  out  to  the  people,  which  immediately  appeased 
the  mob.     That  was  the  end  of  the  thief.      The  pres- 
ents to    the  emperor  did  not   save  him.     Commodus 
then   done  an  act  for   the  people,  but  it  stopped  there 
— there  was  no  human  in  his  soul.      All  his    time  was 
spent    in    sensuality    with     three    hundred    beautiful 
women,  and  so  many  boys  of  every  rank  and  province, 
and  when  the  art  of   seduction  proved  ineffectual  the 
brute   had  result    to  violence ;  he  was  worse   than  a 
brute.     The    ancient   historians    have    expatiated   on 
these  abandoned  scenes  of  brutal  lust.     The  intervals 


178  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

of  lust  with    Commodus  were  filled  up  with  the  basest 
amusements. 

He  was  the  only  Emperor  who  had  no  taste  for  the 
arts  or  sciences;  from  his  earliest  infancy  he  showed 
an  aversion  to  what  was  liberal  or  rational,  and  he  re- 
mained so.  But  he  learned  to  throw  the  javelin  and  to 
shoot  with  the  bow,  and  soon  equaled  the  most  skillful 
in  the  steadiness  of  the  eye  and  the  safety  of  the  hand. 
The  servile  herd  applauded  the  low  and  ignoble  pur- 
suits, and  he  expected  to  be  placed  among  the  gods  for 
such  arts.  Commodus,  after  practicing  in  the  walls  of 
the  palace,  came  to  the  conclusion  that  he  would  give 
an  exhibition  of  his  skill  in  the  amphitheatre.  On  an 
appointed  day  an  immense  concourse  of  people  as- 
sembled at  the  amphitheatre  to  witness  what  had  nev- 
er before  or  since  been  seen,  an  Emperor  as  Gladiator. 
Whether  he  aimed  at  the  head  or  heart,  the  wound 
was  mortal.  With  a  crescent-shaped  point  to  the 
arrow  he  could  cut  the  neck  of  an  ostrich,  and 
he  killed  a  cameleopard.  A  panther  was  let  loose, 
and  as  he  leaped  upon  a  malefactor  the  shaft  flew,  and 
the  beast  dropped  dead,  and  the  man  remained  unhurt. 
The  dens  of  the  amphitheatre  let  out  at  once  a  hun- 
dred lions,  a  hundred  darts  from  the  unerring  hand  of 
the  tyrant  laid  them  dead  as  they  ran  around  the  arena. 
The  huge  elephant  and  the  scaly  hide  of  the  rhinoc- 
eros could  not  defend  them  from  his  stroke.  Ethiopia 
yielded  her  rarest  animals,  which  had  rarely  or  never 
been  seen  in  the  Roman  Empire;  but  great  precau- 
tions were  taken  to  protect  the  tyrant,  and  it  is  highly 
probable  that  he  was  protected  by  a  coat  of  mail. 
He  chose  the  Secutor,  which  was  a  man  armed  with 
a  net  and  trident — a  three-pointed  spear.  The  Em- 
peror fought  in  this  character  seven  hundred  and 
thirty-five  times,  and  these  inhuman  acts  were  herald- 
ed through  the  Empire.  Do  we  progress  .f*  Think  of 
an  Emperor  contending  in  the  arena  seven  hundred 
and  thirty-five  times,  and  most  of  the  antagonists 
were  killed  !  The  audience  considered  that  Commo- 
dus had  now  attained  the  summit  of  vice  and  infamy, 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY,         I  79 

but  he  thought  the  pinnacle  of  fame  ;  but  he  could  not 
fail  to  see  that  he  deserved  the  hatred  of  many  men  who 
were  the  first  characters  in  the  empire.  History  has 
preserved  a  long  list  of  senators  sacrificed  to  his  thirst 
for  blood.  His  daily  amusement  was  human  slaugh- 
ter. He  did  not  even  spare  the  ministers  of  his 
crimes  or  pleasures.  His  cruelty  at  last  proved  fatal 
to  himself.  He  had  shed  the  best  blood  of  Rome; 
he  perished  as  soon  as  he  was  dreaded  by  his  own  do- 
mestics. Marcia,  his  favorite  concubine,  Electus,  his 
chamberlain,  and  Laetus,  his  Pretorian  prefect,  resolved 
to  end  the  days  of  the  tyrant.  Commodus  had  re- 
solved to  massacre  them  the  following  night,  but  he  was 
a  day  too  late.  Marcia  seized  the  occasion  of  present- 
ing a  cup  of  wine  to  her  lover,  after  he  had  fatigued 
himself  by  hunting  some  wild  beasts.  The  tyrant  re- 
tired to  sleep,  but  whilst  he  was  laboring  with  the  ef- 
fects of  poison  and  drunkenness  a  robust  youth,  by 
profession  a  wrestler,  entered  his  chamber  and 
strangled  him  without  resistance.  The  body  was  se- 
cretly conveyed  out  of  the  palace  before  the  least  sus- 
picion was  entertained  in  the  city,  or  even  in  the 
court,  of  the  tyrant's  death.  Eighty-six  days  after  the 
death  of  Commodus  a  sedition  broke  out  in  the  camp ; 
three  hundred  soldiers  marched  to  the  palace,  the 
gates  were  thrown  open  by  their  companions  on  guard 
on  their  approach.  Pertinax,  disdaining  flight  or  con- 
cealment, met  his  assassins.  He  called  to  mind  his 
innocence  and  their  oaths ;  they  for  a  few  moments 
stood  in  silent  suspense,  till  at  length  a  barbarian  lev- 
eled the  first  blow,  and  the  Emperor  was  instantly  dis- 
joatched  with  many  wounds,  and  his  head  separated 
from  his  body,  and,  placed  upon  a  lance,  was  carried 
to  the  Preetorian  camp.  We  desire  the  reader  to  take 
particular  notice  of  what  has  lately  transpired,  and  es- 
specially  what  is  soon  to  take  place.  We  ask  again, 
Do  we  progress  in  government  and  in  morals,  and  has 
aristocracy  come  up  to  the  expectations  of  the  people  ? 
No,  it  has  not.  It  has  always  been  the  zenith  of  vice 
and  venality,  vanity  and  vampireism,  and  the  army  is 


l8o  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

their  tool.  But  the  fanatic  will  say  the  Empire  was  not 
aristocratic;  we  say  it  was.  The  Senate  is  aristocratic, 
and  they  elected  (with  the  army)  the  Emperor.  We 
will  caution  the  workingman  to  beware  of  a  standing 
army  ;  it  is  an  engine  of  aristocracy,  intended  to  en- 
slave the  poor  man.  The  aristocrat  has  to  live  by 
plunder  because  he  does  not  work,  but  he  knows  that 
the  people  will  grumble,  having  to  support  so  many 
drones,  so  he  has  a  standing  army  to  enslave  the  peo- 
ple. The  infernal  scamps  would  rob  the  people  but  a 
limited  time,  if  it  was  not  for  their  standing  army. 
But  in  a  Republican  government  they  do  the  same 
thing  by  creating  party  spirit,  and  by  lying,  and  by 
buying  voters  like  cattle  in  the  market.  Of  all  the 
fools  in  the  world  none  are  lower  than  the  partisans. 
They  work  against  their  interest  to  gratify  their  pas- 
sion to  excel  in  an  election,  when  the  result  is  against 
their  interest. 

After  the  soldiers  had  murdered  Pertinax,  they 
gave  notice  that  the  office  of  Emperor  would  be  put 
up  at  auction,  and  they  had  men  to  go  and  see  those 
who  bid,  and  acquaint  them  how  much  their  rivals 
had  bid.  The  highest  bid  before  the  final  one  was 
one  hundred  and  sixty  pounds  to  each  soldier,  and 
the  last  bid  was  two  hundred  pounds  sterling,  by  Ju- 
lian ;  his  wife  and  daughters  and  servants  induced 
him  to  bid  for  the  office.  The  price  was  about  one 
thousand  dollars  to  each  soldier.  The  historian  does 
not  say  how  many  soldiers  there  were  at  the  time,  but 
the  Praetorian  guards,  when  the  ranks  were  full,  were 
ten  thousand  ;  so  Julian  must  have  paid  eight  or  ten 
millions  of  dollars  for  the  office  of  Emperor,  and  then, 
in  a  short  time,  those  very  soldiers  murdered  him  be- 
cause he  had  held  the  office  and  did  not  please  them  ; 
he  held  the  office  but  sixty-six  days.  During  these  days 
three  generals  were  contending  for  the  prize  of  Em- 
peror, and  it  was  won  by  the  general  vSeverus.  The 
battles  were  fought  a  long  distance  from  Rome,  and 
when  he  was  vict(M"ious  he  marched  to  Rome,  and 
made  a  short   halt  about   seventy   miles  from    Rome. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY,         ]8l 

The  Praetorian  guards  gave  up  sullenly.  Julian  was 
beheaded;  and  Gibbon  does  not  plainly  say  by  what 
soldiers.  Severus,  before  he  entered  Rome,  he  gave 
his  commands  to  the  Praetorian  guards,  who  mur- 
dered Pertinax,  to  wait  his  arrival  on  a  large  plain 
near  the  city,  where  they  were  in  the  habit  of  attend- 
ing their  sovereign.  He  was  obeyed,  who  were  in 
fear  of  justice.  A  chosen  part  of  the  Illyrian  army 
surrounded  them  with  leveled  spears.  Incapable  of 
flight  or  resistance,  they  expected  their  fate.  Severus 
took  their  splendid  ornaments  from  them,  and  ban- 
ished them  under  pain  of  death  a  distance  of  a  hun- 
dred miles  from  the  capital.  During  this  time  an- 
other department  of  soldiers  had  been  sent  to  sieze 
their  arms  and  occupy  their  camp.  Severus  was  a 
good  general ;  he  proved  that  by  acts.  The  children 
of  the  rivals  of  Severus  were  respected  when  the  con- 
flict was  in  doubt,  but  when  it  was  decided  in  favor 
of  Severus  they  were  banished,  and  afterwards  put  to 
death.  The  Romans  were  once  a  free  people,  but  at 
this  time  the  poor  serfs  only  fought  for  a  change  of 
masters,  under  the  standard  of  a  popular  candidate 
for  empire.  A  few  enlisted  from  affection,  some  from 
fear,  many  from  interest,  none  from  principle. 

In  the  contest  between  Niger  and  Severus  a  single 
city  did  not  surrender  to  Severus  ;  it  had  a  strong 
garrison,  and  a  fleet  of  five  hundred  vessels  was  an- 
chored in  its  harbor.  The  siege  of  this  city,  Byzan- 
tium, it  was  attacked  by  the  increased  army  of  Seve- 
rus, and  by  the  whole  naval  power  of  the  Empire ;  it 
sustained  a  siege  of  three  years,  and  remained  faithful 
to  the  name  and  memory  of  Niger.  The  place  at 
length  gave  in  to  famine ;  they  made  a  good  defense 
and  Severus  would  have  been  very  happy  if  his  sol- 
diers ahvavs  had  behaved  with  that  courasre  and  fidel- 
ity ;  but  the  brute  put  the  garrison  all  to  the  sword, 
and  demolished  the  walls,  but  afterwards  they  saw 
their  mistake.  It  would  have  been  a  valuable  fortress 
for  Rome.  Are  we  marching  on  in  progress  ?  Would 
any  nation  at   this  day  kill  a  large  garrison  because 


1 82  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

they  acted  like  men  ?  No,  sir.  Generals  do  no  such 
thing  now.  A  commander,  at  the  present  day,  honors 
and  respects  such  an  enemy.  O  !  how  ignorant  and 
barbarous  the  people  were  in  those  days  ;  they  could 
not  perceive  a  nice  point;  they  could  not  have  any 
pleasure  in  such  work,  but  there  is  inexpressible  pleas- 
ure in  taking  an  enemy,  who  is  bold  and  noble — a 
barbarian  cannot.  The  reader  can  plainly  see  the  in- 
humanity of  the  people  of  those  days.  Severus  massa- 
cred every  person  of  note  that  he  took  prisoner  ;  Niger 
and  Albinus  were  put  to  the  slaughter  on  their  retreat 
when  they  were  taken.  Much  property  was  confiscat- 
ed. If  a  wealthy  man  was  taken,  his  property  was 
confiscated  ;  that  was  in  barbarous  days,  but  such  has 
lately  been  done.  There  are  barbarians  in  the  world 
still ;  it  will  take  some  time  to  get  rid  of  those  brutes. 
Every  person  should  make  up  his  mind  that  he  will 
do  all  he  can  to  rid  the  country  of  the  barbarian  aris- 
tocracy ;  it  can  be  done,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  every 
good  citizen  to  do  his  very  best  to  elevate  his  coun- 
try, and  no  country  can  be  free,  happy  and  prosperous 
where  the  barbarian  aristocracy  rule.  Their  motto  is  not 
to  labor,  but  to  steal  and  plunder  the  people,  and  live  on 
the  best  of  the  land.  Look  out  for  your  own  interest ; 
he  is  a  fool  who  does  not  see  that  he  has  his  rights  ; 
and  he  is  a  consummate  fool  who  robs  himself  and  his 
neighbor,  and  gives  it  to  a  lying,  squandering,  thiev- 
ing, robbing,  swindling,  cheating,  unprincipled  aristoc- 
racy. We  will  give  you  some  account  what  it  cost  to 
keep  these  merciless  plunderers  and  predacians. 

Many  cities  of  the  East  were  stripped  of  their  an- 
cient honors,  and  had  to  pay  four  times  as  much  to 
the  tyrant  Severus  as  they  paid  before.  The  head 
of  Albanus,  and  a  letter  stating  that  he  was  resolved 
to  spare  none  of  the  adherents  of  his  unfortunate  com- 
petitors, so  said  Severus.  What  a  brute,  to  spare  none 
of  the  adherents  of  his  rivals  !  Asmodeus  would  not 
be  so  cruel.  Hut,  says  the  dunce  and  fanatic,  "  we 
do  not  progress  in  morals."  Severus  condemned  for- 
ty-one senators.     Their  names  are  recorded  in  history. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        1 83 

Their  wives,  children  and  clients  were  all  put  to  death. 
No  tyrant  would  dare  to  do  that  at  this  day.  The 
aristocrat  loves  blood,  but  he  dare  not  show  his  hand. 
And  the  noblest  provinces  of  Spain  and  Gaul  were 
involved  in  the  same  ruin  ;  and  he  called  it  rigid  jus- 
tice. And  he  considered  the  Roman  empire  as  his 
property — a  great  extent  of  property  for  one  man  to 
own.  And  how  excessively  inflated  a  man  must  be 
to  have  such  an  idea.  The  soldiers  of  the  emperor 
were  once  called  Praetorian  g^uards,  but  Severus,  since 
they  murdered  the  emperor,  and  sold  the  empire  by 
putting  it  up  at  auction,  drafted  a  new  set  of  soldiers, 
and  called  them  guards,  and  he  increased  them  to  four 
times  as  many  ;  so  the  tvrant  had  fifty  thousand  body 
guards,  and  these  were  all  barbarians,  recruited  in  bar- 
barous countries.  Plantianus  made  bad  use  of  his 
power,  and  was  executed ;  the  people  required  it. 
Severus  has  been  charged  as  being  the  main  instru- 
ment of  causing  the  decline  of  the  Roman  empire. 
The  lawyers  always  have  been  a  mercenary  and  unre- 
liable class  of  professors,  always  governed  by  fees. 
They  gave  it  as  their  opinion  that  the  Roman  empire 
belonged  to  the  emperor,  and  he  could  dispose  of  the 
lives  of  the  men  as  he  thought  proper.  The  lawyers 
dare  not  give  such  an  opinion  now,  so  we  are  moving 
upward  and  onward.  Severus,  like  most  of  the  Afri- 
cans, believed  in  dreams,  in  magic,  in  divination.  That 
proves  his  barbarity  and  ignorance.  Could  an  emper- 
or be  respected  now  with  such  weak  ideas  ?  Severus 
said  he  had  been  all  things,  and  all  was  of  little  value ; 
so  of  what  good  is  it  to  be  a  tyrant }  He  had  his  sec- 
ond wife.  Her  name  was  Julia  Donna.  She  delight- 
ed in  private  pleasure,  and  chastity  was  not  one  of  her 
traits  of  character.  She  was  a  woman  of  strong  mind, 
studied  science  and  philosophy,  and  she  was  the  pa- 
troness of  everv  art,  and  the  friend  of  every  man  of 
genius  and  of  the  learned. 

Severus  had  two  sons  ;  they  hated  each  other  from 
their  youths,  and  the  theatre,  circus  and  court  was  in- 
to two  factions.     Severus  invaded  Britian  ;  he  attend- 


184  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

ed  the  war  in  person  ;    took  his  two  inconsonant  sons 
with    him.       In   the  northern  part  of  Britian  he  lost 
fifty  thousand  men.     The  Caledonians  at  length  sued 
for  peace,  which  was  made,  but  lasted  as  long  as  the 
Romans  were  in  the  country.     Severus  next  ordered 
the   Britians  to  be  extirpated,  but  Severus  died,  and 
the  campaign  was  omitted.     The  two  sons  were  pro- 
claimed emperors.     Any  person  would  expect  trouble 
from  such  a  divided  government.     They  traveled  in 
Gaul  and   Italy,  and  never  ate  at  the  same  table,  nor 
slept  in  the  same  house.     On  their  arrival  at  Rome 
they  divided  the  palace ;  the  doors  and  passages  were 
fortified,  and  guards  posted  and  relieved,  as  in  a  place 
besieged.     The  emperors  met  only  in  public,  only  in 
the  presence  of  their  aggrieved  mother,  and  each  had 
his  armed  guard.     It  was  proposed  that  they  should 
di\ide  the  empire.     The  treaty  was  drawn — Caracalla 
listened  to  his  mother's  entreaties,  and  consented  to 
meet  his  brother,  on  terms  of  peace  and  reconcilation. 
In  the   midst  of    their  conversation,  some  centurions, 
who    had    concealed  themselves,   rushed  with    drawn 
swords  on   the  unfortunate  Geta.     His  distracted  mo- 
thei-  strove  to  protect  him  in  her  arms,  but  in  the  un- 
availing struggle  she  was  wounded  in  the  hand,  and 
covered  with  the  blood  of  her  younger  son,  while  she 
saw  the  elder  assisting  the  murderers.     As  soon  as  the 
murder  was  committed,   Caracalla   ran  to   the  Preeto- 
rian  camp,  and  threw  himself  before  the  statues  of  the 
tutelar  deities.     The  soldiers  attempted  to  raise  and 
comfort  him.     In  broken  and  disordered  words,  he  in- 
formed them  of  his  imminent  danger,  and  fortunate  es- 
cape.    Geta  had    been   the  favorite  of  the  troops,  but 
the  discontent  died  away  in  idle  talk,  and  Caracalla 
soon  convinced  them  that  justice  was  with  him,  by  dis- 
tributing   in    one   lavish    donation    the   accumulative 
treasures  of  his  father's  reign.     Geta  was  placed  among 
the  gods.     Such    is    aristocracy;     murder!    murder! 
Notice  what  will  be  recorded,  and  what  has  been  writ- 
ten.     This  is  too  much   for  humanity  to  bear.     What 
lengths  aristocracy  will   run  in   quest  of  power,   and 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         1 85 

when  they  obtain  it,  they  have  but  a  transitory  phan- 
tom, and  find  that  there  is  no  peace  or  pleasure,  no  hap- 
piness or  comfort,  in  their  aim. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

IMMORALITY  AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY. 

Caracalla  confessed  that  his  disordered  fancy  often 
beheld  the  angry  forms  of  his  father  and  his  brother 
rising  into  life  to  threaten  and  upbraid  him.  It  is 
probable  that  he  saw  no  pleasure  when  he  was  alone. 
On  his  return  from  the  Senate  to  the  palace  he  found 
his  mother,  in  the  company  of  several  noble  matrons, 
weeping.  He  threatened  them  with  instant  death, 
and  the  sentence  was  executed  against  Fadilla,  the 
only  remaining  daughter  of  Marcus.  When  she  was 
inquired  of  what  kind  of  death  she  wished,  she  burst 
into  womanish  tears,  but  remembering  herfather  Mar- 
cus, she  spoke  like  a  goddess :  "  O  my  hapless  soul, 
now  imprisoned  in  the  body,  burst  forth  !  be  free ! 
show  them,  however  reluctant  to  believe  it,  that  thou 
art  the  daughter  of  Marcus!"  More  than  twenty 
thousand  men,  women  and  children  suffered  death, 
because  they  were  the  friends,  the  guards  and  freed- 
men,  the  ministers  of  the  business,  and  the  compan- 
ions of  Geta.  Those  he  had  promoted  to  any  com- 
mands and  their  dependents  were  included  in  the  pro- 
scription. Aristocracy,  if  we  had  no  name  for  thee, 
we  would  call  thee  Belial !  It  is  unpleasant  to  fol- 
low this  inhumanity  to  man,  this  barbarity  to  the  hu- 
man species ;  but  we  have  commenced  a  good  work, 
and  we  must  march  onward  if  their  Belial  stands  in 
the  path  we  have  marked  out  for  us.  We  all  know 
that  we  are  progressing  in  morals,  and  the  day  will 
come  that  the  infernal  hosts  of  Belial  will  be  extinct, 
and  then  the  inhabitants  of  the  earth  will  be  happy. 
Aristocracy  is  in  the  way,  and  they  are  the  Bohon 
Upas  of  the  world.     They  are   the  enemies  of  peace 


i86  THE  workingman's  guide. 

and  happiness,  and  all  the  human  family  who  labor 
should  know  that  aristocracy  is  the  enemy  of  labor. 
They  say  they  are  the  friends  of  labor.  Those 
who  start  this  assertion  lie,  and  they  know  it.  What 
is  strange  to  us  is,  that  a  workingman  should  be  such 
a  fool  as  to  believe  a  word  they  say.  They  are  liars, 
thieves,  and  robbers,  and  plunderers,  and  they  do  not 
work,  and  fare  sumptuously  continually.  They  are 
a  great  burden  to  the  laboring  man,  who  has  to  sup- 
port all.  Nothing  is  made  but  by  the  labor  of  the 
workino"man,  and  he  who  does  not  work  has  to  g:et 
his  living  out  of  the  workingman.  The  world  has  al- 
ways been  ruled  by  the  infamous  aristocracy,  and  they 
have  made  laws  to  make  the  rich  man  richer  and  the 
poor  man  poorer.  Workingman,  arise  from  your  leth- 
ergy  and  claim  your  long-lost  rights;  you  are  entitled 
to  it! 

Helvius  Pertinax  lost  his  life  for  speaking  well  of 
Geta  ;  Thrasea  Prisons,  because  his  forefathers  loved 
liberty,  which  appeared  to  be  a  hereditary  quality. 
"  Caracalla,"  he  said,  "If  you  make  no  requests  of  me 
you  do  not  trust  me ;  if  you  do  not  trust  me  you  sus- 
pect me  ;  if  you  suspect  me  you  fear  me  ;  if  you  fear 
me  you  hate  me."  And  then  he  condemned  them  as 
conspirators.  What  a  system  of  reasoning  ;  tyrannical, 
bloodthirsty,  and  tartarean.  But  the  aristocracy  of 
today  have  a  logic  just  as  senseless  and  unreasonable. 
W^e  will  give  you  many  specimens  of  their  infernal 
logic,  which  none  but  diabolic  thieves  would  concoct, 
and  none  but  egregious  fools  would  listen  to;  much 
less  believe,  and  follow,  and  reiterate.  We  have  a 
right  to  expect  in  politics  that  every  man  will  do  his 
duty,  as  it  is  a  partnership  concern.  And  he  who 
votes  away  the  rights  and  propertv  of  his  fellow  be- 
ings and  himself  is  a  wicked  fool,  and  deserves  to  have 
no  vote;  but  millions  are  doing  it,  as  we  shall  prove 
at  the  proper  time.  No  single  death  was  ever  lament- 
ed as  that  of  Papiman,  the  Praetorian  Prefect.  The 
tyrant  Caracalla  had  commanded  him  to  write  an  apol- 
ogy of   the  tyrant's  murder  of  Geta,  and  Papiman   re- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        1 8/ 

fused  to.  He  said  that  it  was  easier  to  commit  than 
to  justify  a  parricide.  The  vile  aristocracy  say  that 
there  is  no  honest  man  ;  we  say  there  is.  Even  in 
those  barbarous  times,  we  find  a  man  that  would  not 
do  a  mean  act  for  his  life.  He  did  not  hesitate  be- 
tween the  loss  of  life  and  the  loss  of  honor,  and  the 
tyrant  had  him  butchered.  There  always  have  been 
a  few  men  who  were  honest  and  upright.  They  were 
the  type  of  what  will  be  a  general  character  of  the 
people  ;  but  those  few  could  not  stamp  their  charac- 
ter on  the  barbarous  age  in  which  they  lived.  After 
a  time  the  honest  men  will  rule  the  world,  and  the  in- 
fernal aristocracy  will  die  out ;  as  they  will  have  no 
cheating,  nor  stealing,  nor  swindling,  nor  robbing,  nor 
lyir-.g  to  do,  because  the  ruling  party  will  not  allow  it. 
Then  those  diabolical  traits  of  character  will  die  out, 
and  so  become  extinct,  as  those  immoral  organs  wiil 
have  no  exercise,  and  organs  that  have  no  exercise 
must  die.  They  have  had  full  exercise  for  a  long 
time,  and  at  present  they  are  active  and  strong;  but 
the  working  men  will  eradicate  them  as  weeds  that 
should  not  have  any  existence.  One  thing  will  help, 
that  is,  there  are  many  more  good  men  now  than  there 
were  in  ancient  times,  and  the  good  men  are  slowly 
increasing,  so  the  evil  doers  will  give  up,  like  cowards 
as  they  are. 

The  oracle  of  one  of  the  gods  had  given  Caracalla 
the  name  of  the  Savage  Beast  of  Ansonia.  He  ruined 
the  most  wealthy  families  by  excessive  taxes,  fines  and 
confiscations.  He  managed  to  preserve  the  good  will 
of  the  soldiers  by  giving  them  excessive  donations  and 
good  wages,  and  that  kept  them  loyal  to  him,  and  that 
was  all  he  cared  for.  He  seemed  to  like  the  name  of 
savage  beast,  and  it  was  an  appropriate  name.  He  did 
not  live  in  Rome,  but  traveled  frcm  city  to  city,  and 
the  senate  had  to  go  with  him,  and  provide  daily  enter- 
tainments at  great  expense,  which  he  gave  to  his 
guards.  He  had  the  senators  erect  in  every  city  pal- 
aces and  theatres  which  he  had  thrown  down.  In  the 
midst  of  peace,  and  on  the  slightest  provocation,   he 


iSS  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

issued  his  proclamation  in  Alexandria,  in  Egypt,  for  a 
general  massacre,  and  directed  the  slaughter  of  many 
thousand  citizens.  We  can  say  the  tyrant  was  the 
common  enemy  of  mankind.  What  will  the  fanatic 
and  aristocrat  say  to  all  this?  He  will  think  it  served 
him  right.  Have  we  progressed  ?  Would  this  be  tol- 
erated in  this  day  ?  Yet  the  fool  aristocrat  will  say 
that  we  are  not  progressing.  He  wants  the  people  to 
remain  in  barbarism  and  ignorance.  And  they  have 
a  large  standing  army,  so  they  can  rob,  steal  and  plun- 
der, and  play  Caracalla.  The  savage  beast,  as  the 
oracle  named  him,  came  to  his  death  in  this  way: 
An  African  who  thought  he  was  deeply  skilled  in  a 
knowledge  of  the  future,  predicted  that  Marcrinus  and 
his  son  would  reign  over  the  empire.  Marcrinus  was 
in  Svria  with  the  emperor.  He  was  prefect,  and  never 
had  held  the  ofiice  of  senator.  The  report  was  soon 
sent  over  the  country.  The  man  was  sent  in  chains 
to  Rome.  He  still  asserted  in  the  presence  of  the 
magistrate  of  Rome,  his  faith  in  his  prophecy.  The 
magistrate  was  instructed  to  send  all  news  of  impor- 
tance to  the  emperor,  and  the  magistrate  sent  the  ex- 
amination of  the  African  by  letter  to  the  emperor  at 
Syria.  The  messenger  was  diligent,  but  the  man 
Marcrinus  was  apprised  of  what  was  going  on.  The 
messenger  handed  the  letter  to  the  savage  beast  ;  he 
handed  the  letter  to  Marcrinus,  as  he  had  to  attend  to 
a  chariot  race.  (The  handing  of  the  letter  to  Marcri- 
nus cost  his  life.)  Marcrinus  opened  the  letter  and 
saw  his  fate,  or  what  would  have  been  his  fate  if  the 
emperor  had  seen  the  letter.  Marcrinus  did  not  let 
the  emperor  see  the  letter,  but  employed  a  desperate 
soldier,  who  had  been  refused  the  oiBce  of  centurion, 
to  butcher  the  greatest  b^Ucher.  The  religion  prompt- 
ed Caracalla  to  make  a  pilgrimage  to  the  Temple  of 
the  Moon  at  Charrhac  ;  he  was  attended  by  a  body  of 
cavalry  ;  but  having  stopped  on  the  road  for  some  nec- 
essary occasion,  his  guards  preserved  a  respectful  dis- 
tance, and  Martiallis,  the  assassin,  who  was  the  despe- 
rate soldier,  approached  his  ])crson  under  a  pretense 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         1 89 

of  duty,  and  stabbed  him.  The  bold  assassin  was  in- 
stantly killed  by  a  Scythian  archer  of  the  imperial 
guard.  Such  was  the  end  of  a  monster  whose  life  dis- 
graced human  nature,  and  whose  reign,  for  iniquity 
and  barbarity,  never  was  excelled.  The  soldiers 
obliged  the  senate  to  prostitute  their  dignity  and  that 
of  religion  by  placing  him  among  the  gods.  The  Ro- 
man world  was  three  days  without  an  executive.  The 
choice  of  the  army  hung  in  suspense,  as  there  was  no 
candidate  who  was  of  birth  and  merit  to  engasfe  their 
attachment  and  merit  their  votes.  The  weia^htof  the 
Praetorian  guards  excited  the  hopes  of  their  prefects, 
and  these  ministers  asserted  their  claims  to  the  throne. 
But  the  one  was  so  old  that  he  did  not  persist  in  his 
claim.  But  Macrinus,  who  was  the  real  assassin  of 
Caracalla,  and  who  had  been  so  fortunate  that  not  a 
breath  of  suspicion  rested  on  him,  and  he  being  ambi- 
tious and  cunning,  and  he  dissembled  grief  for  the 
tyrant's  death.  But  the  troops  did  not  esteem  his  char- 
acter, so  they  looked  around  for  another  character  that 
would  answer  the  criticism  of  the  public,  as  Marcrinus 
was  not  the  stuff  to  answer.  But  he  made  good  prom- 
ises of  liberal  donatives  and  indulgence.  And  the 
soldiers  yielded  to  good  pay,  and  Marcrinus  was  chos- 
en the  chief  officer  of  the  Roman  Empire ;  but  it  did 
not  give  satisfaction,  and  he  conferred  on  his  son,  only 
ten  years  of  age,  the  imperial  title,  and  the  popular 
name  of  Antoninus.  Much  fault  was  found  with  the 
new  emperor ;  he  was  of  low  origin,  and  had  not  been 
a  senator;  that  he  had  not  done  any  signal  service. 
His  rash  ambition  had  climbed  to  a  height  where  to 
fall  from  would  be  certain  destruction,  and  he  was  in 
a  dilemma  not  at  all  envious.  The  idea  of  slandering 
and  traducing  a  rival  was  not  new.  The  Romans  had 
learned  the  infernal  practice  from  the  Greeks,  and  it 
has  been  handed  down  to  the  present  day,  and  the  in- 
famous aristocracy  have  made  copious  use  of  it  on 
every  occasion  that  lies  and  slander  and  vituperation 
would  advance  their  fiendish  and  flagitious  and  de- 
moniacal cause. 


190  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

The  prodigality  of  the  savage  beast,  Caracalla,  had 
brought  the  finances  into  a  bad  pHght,  and  the  new 
emperor  did  not  have  tact  to  mend  the  matter.  He 
began  in  a  proper  way  to  make  improvements,  but 
there  was  too  much  for  a  man  of  his  calibre  to  do. 
The  army  had  too  much  power  for  so  little  brains,  and 
we  would  say  armies  as  a  general  thing  have  no  talent 
for  politics.  As  well  might  the  people  elevate  a  gla- 
diator to  the  oi^ce  of  senator,  as  a  general  to  be  emper- 
or. The  soldiers  made  and  unmade  emperors,  and 
such  work  proved  to  be  disastrous.  The  army  was 
mutinous,  clamorous  and  seditious,  and  watched  for 
an  opportunity  to  shed  blood — their  only  occupation. 
And  the  occasion  soon  occurred.  Julia,  the  widow  of 
Severus,  and  mother  of  Caracalla,  committed  suicide. 
She  had  seen  one  of  her  sons  kill  the  other,  and  the 
other  had  been  assassinated  by  a  soldier,  and  she  end- 
ed a  life  which  perhaps  never  had  been  pleasant,  and 
then  was  dependent.  Julia  Maesa,  her  sister,  was  or 
dered  to  leave  the  court  at  Antioch.  She  retired  to 
Emesa  with  an  immense  fortune,  with  her  two  daugh- 
ters, each  of  whom  was  a  widow,  with  each  an  only 
son.  Bassinius,  that  was  the  name  of  the  son  of  one 
of  the  widows,  was  consecrated  to  the  ministry  of 
high  priest  of  the  sun,  and  this  high  sounding  title 
contributed  to  raise  the  Syrian  youth  to  be  emperor 
of  Rome.  A  numerous  body  of  troops  was  stationed 
at  Emesa.  The  soldiers  who  resorted  to  the  temple 
of  the  sun  saw  with  veneration  and  delight  the  ele- 
gant dress  and  equipage  and  form  of  the  young  pon- 
tiff. They  thought  they  saw  the  features  in  him  of 
Caracalla  whom  they  now  adored.  The  artful  Maesa, 
his  grandmother,  saw  and  fanned  their  partiality,  by  in- 
sinuating that  the  young  pontiff  was  the  son  of  Car- 
acalla. She  being  immensely  wealthy,  employed 
agents  to  distribute  weighty  arguments  that  silenced 
all  objections.  The  young  Caracalla  was  declared  by 
the  troops  at  Emesa.  He  asserted  his  hereditary  right, 
and  called  aloud  on  the  army  to  follow  the  standard 
of  a  libera]  jirince,  who  had  taken  up  arms  to  revenge 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         IQI 

the  murder  of  his  father.  Marcrinus,  the  emperor, 
was  negHgent.  A  spirit  of  rebellion  broke  out  in  all 
the  camps  of  Syria;  some  detachments  murdered  their 
officers  and  joined  the  rebels  ;  and  the  tardy  pay  of 
Marcrinus  to  the  soldiers  weakened  the  cause  of  Mar- 
crinus. The  troops  took  the  field  with  reluctance. 
The  emperor,  who  never  in  his  life  showed  any  spirit, 
at  this  juncture  proved  himself  a  hero,  but  it  did  not 
last  long ;  he  had  no  endurance.  The  emperor  mount- 
ed his  horse,  and  charged  sword  in  hand  among  the 
thickest  of  the  enemy.  The  rebel  ranks  were  broken, 
when  the  mother  and  grandmother  of  the  Syrian 
prince,  who  attended  the  army,  threw  themselves  from 
their  chariots,  and  animated  the  drooping  courage  of 
the  soldiers.  The  battle  raged  with  doubtful  violence. 
Marcrinus  could  have  gained  the  victory,  but  the  cow- 
ard ran  away  and  deserted  his  soldiers.  The  Prccto- 
rians,  who  had  fought  with  great  courage,  found  that 
the  emperor  had  deserted— they  surrendered  to  the 
conqueror.  The  young  conquerer,  in  a  letter  to  the 
senate,  announced  his  victory,  and  made  special  prom- 
ises, which  he  never  fulfilled. 

The  i\ew  emperor  passed  a  winter  at  Incomedia; 
wasted  many  months  in  luxury,  and  not  until  the  next 
summer  did  he  make  his  triumphal  entry  into  Rome, 
and  then  the  Romans  were  surprised  at  his  dress  and 
manners.  We  do  not  know  how  the  Romans  felt  on 
the  occasion — one  thing  was  certain,  that  they  had 
caught  a  tartar,  and  got  a  barbarian  for  emperor — and 
they  found  it  so  to  their  sorrow.  But  he  was  dressed  in 
oriental  style,  and  his  bracelets  were  adorned  with 
gems  of  inestimable  value  ;  he  was  dressed  in  a  flowing 
robe  of  silk  and  gold  ;  his  eye-brows  were  tinged  with 
black  ;  his  cheek  painted  red  and  white,  and  his  ap- 
pearance was  new  to  the  Romans,  and  the  grave  sena- 
tors confessed  that,  after  long  having  experienced  the 
tyranny  of  their  own  countrymen,  Rome  was  at 
length  humbled  beneath  the  effeminate  luxury  of  ori- 
ental despotism.  He  named  himself  Elegabelus.  In 
the  procession  through  the  streets  of  Rome  they  were 


192  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Strewed  with  gold  dust.    To  confound  the  order  of  sea- 
sons and  climates  ;  to  sport  with  the  passions  and  prej- 
udices of  his   subjects,  and   to  subvert  every    law  of 
nature  and  decency,  were  in  the  number  of    his  most 
delicious  amusements.      He  affected  to  copy  the  dress 
and  manners  of  the  female  sex.-    It  seems  improbable 
that  the  follies,  and  vices,  and  infamy  of  Elegabelus  are 
true,  but  by  examining  the  history  of  the  times  by  au- 
thentic historians,  the  inexpressible  follies  and  wicked- 
ness surpasses    anything  that  has  transpired  in   any 
country.     The  license   of  an  eastern  monarch   is  hid 
from  the  eye  of  curiosity,  by  the  inaccessible  walls  of 
his  seraglio.     Secure  of  impunity,  careless  of  censure, 
they  lived  without  restraint  in  the  humble  society  of 
their  slaves.     A  long  train  of  concubines,  and  a  rapid 
succession  of  wives,  among  whom  was  a  vestal  virgin, 
ravished  by  force  from  her  sacred  asylum,  were  insuf- 
ficient   to    satisfy    his  inordinate    lust.       The    crafty 
Maesa,  satisfied  that  Elegabelus  would  be  destroyed  by 
his  vices,  provided  a  surer  support  for  her  family.    She 
persuaded   Elegabelus  to  adopt  Alexander,  and  invest 
him  with   the  title  of  C^sar.     The  3^oung  prince  soon 
acquired  the  affections  of  the  public,  and  excited  the 
tyrant's  jealousy,  who  resolved  to  terminate  the  dan- 
gerous competition,  either  by  corrupting   his  morals, 
or  by  taking  his  life.     His  arts  did  not  succeed,  his  de- 
signs were  discovered  by  his  own  loquacious  folly,  and 
disappointed  by  the  servants  whom  Maesa  had  placed 
about  her  grandson,  in  a  hasty   fit  of  passion  Elegab- 
elus resolved  to  perform   by  force  vv^hat  he  could   not 
gain  by  fraud,  and  by  a  tyrannical  sentence  degraded 
his  cousin  from   the  honor  and  rank  of    Caesar.      The 
message  was  received   in  senate  with  silence,  and  in 
the  camp  with  fury ;   the   Praetorian  guards    swore  to 
]:)rotect    Alexander,  and   revenge   the  majesty   of  the 
throne.     The    tears  and   promises    of  the    trembling 
Elegabelus,  who  only   begged  them  to  spare  his   life, 
and  leave    him   in  possession  of  the  throne,  diverted 
their  fury,  and   they  contented  themselves  by  empow- 
ering the   Prefects  to  watch  over  the  safety  of  Alexan- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        1 93 

der,  and  the  conduct  of  the  emperor.  It  was  impos- 
sible that  such  a  state  of  matters  would  last  long. 
Elegabelus  attempted  to  punish  the  soldiers  for  their 
affection  for  Alexander;  his  unreasonable  severity 
proved  fatal  to  his  minions.  His  mother  and  himself, 
Elegabelus,  were  murdered  by  the  indignant  Praeto- 
rians ;  his  mutilated  corpse  dragged  through  the  streets 
of  the  city,  and  thrown  in  the  Tiber;  his  memory  was 
branded  with  infamy  by  posterity.  Alexander  was 
raised  to  the  throne  by  the  Pr^Ktorian  guards,  and  as 
he  was  only  seventeen  years,  the  reins  of  government 
were  in  the  hands  of  two  women — his  mother  Mamaea, 
and  his  grandmother  Maesa.  After  the  death  of  the 
latter,  Mamsea,  his  mother,  remained  the  sole  agent  of 
her  son,  and  of  the  empire.  Alexander  married  a 
daughter  of  a  patrician,  but  his  mother  had  his  father- 
in-law  executed,  and  his  wife  banished  into  Africa,  be- 
cause she  was  jealous — fearing  that  Alexander  would 
love  his  wife  more  than  he  did  his  mother. 

Alexander  received  in  his  chapel  all  the  religions 
which  were  in  the  empire.  Since  the  accession  of 
Commodius,  the  Roman  world,  the  people,  had  been 
so  unfortunate  as  to  be  ruled  by  four  tyrants  in  forty 
years.  From  the  death  of  Elegabelus  they  enjoyed  an 
auspicious  calm  for  thirteen  years.  Alexander  was  a 
virtuous  emperor,  but  there  still  remained  a  turbulent 
blot  on  the  Roman  people.  That  was  the  army.  They 
were  more  dissatisfied  with  the  virtues  of  Alexander, 
than  they  had  been  with  the  vices  of  Elegabelus.  The 
wise  Ulpian  was  the  all  that  they  did  not  like,  they 
imputed  to  Ulpian  who  was  the  friend  of  the  laws 
and  the  people.  But  the  soldiers  hated  him.  They 
were  then,  as  now,  the  lost  sheep  of  the  land,  and 
the  most  barbarous  class  of  the  country.  Their  oc- 
cupation would  lead  any  person  to  judge  their  char- 
acter by  their  business,  and  it  is  a  sure  sign.  This 
country  has  been  so  fortunate  as  to  have  but  few  of 
them  so  far,  but  the  aristocracy  want  more  of  them,  so 
they  can  make  slaves  of  the  people.  Soldiers  are 
slave-makers   for    aristocracy.     Where   you    find    the 

13 


194  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

most  soldiers,  you  will  find  the  most  slaves.  Look  at 
Europe  Examine  for  yourselves.  We  will  say  to  you  : 
Beware  of  soldiers  ;  the  fewer  you  have,  the  better  for 
the  people.  They  cost  a  vast  sum  to  keep  them,  and 
the  people — the  workingmen — have  to  pay  a  great  ex- 
pense to  enslave  themselves.  So  we  say  that  if  any 
man  in  Congress  gets  up  in  his  place  in  Congress, 
and  moves  to  increase  the  army  in  time  of  peace,  you 
may  put  him  down  as  a  tool  of  a  vile  aristocracy,  and 
an  inhuman  wretch,  who  is  an  enemy  to  his  race — one 
who  wishes  to  make  the  people  serfs  and  poor  hire- 
lings. So  beware  of  those  who  wish  to  increase  the 
army,  and  keep  a  small  standing  army,  if  you  wish 
to  preserve  your  liberty.  We  will  see  what  the  sol- 
diers are  going  to  do  now.  But  a  short  time  ago,  they 
murdered  their  emperor,  and  now  they  consider  the 
best  officer  in  the  land  as  their  enemy.  Some  slight 
accident  fanned  their  discontent  into  a  mutiny,  and 
they  kept  a  civil  war  three  days  in  Rome,  while  the 
life  of  the  excellent  minister  was  defended  by  the 
people.  Terrified  at  length  by  seeing  some  houses  in 
flames,  the  people  left  the  unfortunate  Ulpian  to  his 
fate.  He  was  pursued  into  the  palace  and  massacred 
at  the  feet  of  his  master,  who  vainly  strove  to  cover 
him  with  his  mantle.  The  government  was  unable  to 
revenge  the  murder  of  Ulpian,  and  Epagathus,  the 
principal  leader,  was  removed  from  Rome,  and  after 
some  time,  punished. 

Dion  Cassius,  a  reformer,  was  threatened  by  the 
Pannonial  legions,  and  his  head  demanded.  He  left 
the  country.  We  say  again,  beware  of  a  military  gov- 
ernment. What  barbarism  they  committed  with  the 
body  of  Elegabalus  after  they  had  killed  him  !  They 
dragged  him  through  the  streets,  and  then  threw  his 
body  into  the  Tiber.  There  is  another  argument  that 
the  people  have  progressed.  If  the  soldiers  now 
should  kill  their  leader  they  would  stop  there,  but  in 
barbarous  times  they  knew  no  bounds.  The  revenue 
of  the  Roman  Empire  at  this  time,  225  years  before 
Christ,    was  about  ;fs 1 00,000,000    a  year,    which    was 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        1 95 

mostly  received  from  the  subjugated  provinces,  and 
inlieritances  were  taxed  five  per  cent.,  which  produced 
much  dissatisfaction.  The  army  with  bloody  hands, 
savage  manners  and  infernal  resolution,  they  some- 
times guarded,  but  much  oftener  subverted  the  throne 
of  the  Emperors.  Alexander  was  murdered,  and  after 
that  no  Emperor  could  think  himself  safe  on  the 
throne,  and  every  barbarian  might  aspire  to  that  dan- 
gerous situation.  About  thirty-two  years  before  that 
event  the  Emperor  Severus  halted  in  Thrace;  the  peo- 
ple came  in  crowds  to  see  their  sovereign.  A  barba- 
rian of  great  size  earnestly  solicited  to  be  allowed  to 
contend  for  the  prize  of  wrestling ;  he  was  matched 
with  the  stoutest  followers  of  the  camp  ;  he  laid  six- 
teen of  them  on  the  ground  ;  he  was  permitted  to  en- 
list in  the  troops.  As  soon  as  he  perceived  that  he  at- 
tracted the  Emperor's  notice,  he  ran  up  to  his  horse 
and  followed  on  foot  all  day  without  the  least  appear- 
ance of  fatigue.  Severus  said  to  him,  "Thracian,  art 
thou  disposed  to  wrestle  after  thy  race  ?  "  "  Most 
willingly,"  he  said,  and  he  threw  seven  of  the  strong- 
est men  in  the  army.  A  g-old  collar  was  the  prize  of 
his  great  strength  and  activity,  and  he  was  appointed 
to  serve  in  the  horse-guards  which  attended  the  Em- 
peror. Maximin,  that  \vas  his  name  ;  he  was  centu- 
rion under  Severus.  He  would  not  serve  under  the 
assassin  of  his  brother,  Caracalla.  On  the  accession 
of  Alexander  he  was  given  some  useful  office.  The 
fourth  legion,  to  which  he  was  appointed,  became  un- 
der his  care  the  best  disciplined  of  the  whole  army. 
The  soldiers  called  him  Ajax  and  Hercules.  He  was 
promoted  to  the  first  military  command.  This  only 
■made  him  ambitious,  and  he  was  not  long  to  see  that 
the  Emperor  had  lost  the  affection  of  the  army,  and 
he  knew  how^  to  take  advantage  of  that  misfortune. 
The  troops  inclined  a  willing  ear  to  the  agents  of 
Maximin.  They  said  it  is  time  that  we  have  a  leader 
who  is  versed  in  the  practice  of  war,  and  understands 
the  discipline  of  military  tactics,  and  is  a  real  soldier. 
We  are  weary  of  phantoms.    Maximin  had  the  care  of 


196  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

training  the  new  levies.  One  day  as  he  entered  the 
field  of  exercise  the  soldiers  saluted  him  Emperor;  he 
refused.  They  then,  or  soon  after,  murdered  the  Em- 
peror Alexander  and  his  mother.  The  most  faithful 
of  his  friends  were  assassinated  by  the  soldiers  ;  oth- 
ers were  reserved  for  the  more  deliberate  barbarity  of 
the  usurper.  Many  of  those  that  did  not  act  to  suit 
the  traitor  were  executed,  and  many  who  had  assisted 
him  were  also  butchered.  The  barbarian  manifested 
his  bloodthirsty  spirit  from  the  start.  Those  who  had 
befriended  him  and  those  who  had  spurned  him  were 
all  alike  executed.  He  knew  his  degraded  obscurity, 
and  he  wished  to  extinguish  all  knowledge  of  it  by 
murdering  those  who  knew  him.  A  conspiracy  was 
supposed  to  be  concocted,  and  without  any  proof  or 
trial,  or  an  opportunity  to  defend  themselves,  four 
thousand  were  put  to  death.  All  those  that  had  held 
any  office  of  trust,  or  who  had  any  influence,  were 
butchered,  their  property  confiscated,  or  exiled.  Some 
he  ordered  to  be  sewed  up  in  the  hides  of  slaughtered 
animals  and  exposed  to  wild  beasts  ;  others  he  ordered 
to  be  beaten  to  death  with  clubs.  During  his  reign 
he  disdained  to  live  in  Rome.  No  man  of  good  birth 
or  elegant  accomplishment  or  business  talent  was  suf- 
fered to  come  near  his  person.  The  people  were  in- 
different, mostly,  as  they  had  long  been  accustomed 
to  such  infamy  and  barbarity ;  and  some  viewed  the 
despotism  with  pleasure,  thinking,  perhaps,  that  the 
aristocracy  were  getting  paid  off  by  a  bogus  aristocra- 
cy, as  it  was — diamond  cut  diamond — and  the  old  ar- 
istocracy had  to  die  and  suffer.  As  matters  stood,  it 
was  barbarism  and  cruelty  against  aristocracy  and 
barbarism,  and  the  people  had  but  little  choice  be- 
tween the  two,  and  they  did  not  have  the  resolution 
to  demand  anything  better.  As  barbarians  they  were 
easy,  let  the  worst  come  to  worse,  as  it  appears  mat- 
ters stood  then.  Nature  will  work  out  the  problem, 
but  slowly. 

P)Ut  the  tyrant's  avarice,  stiniulatcd  by  the  insatiate 
desires  of    the    soldiers,  attacked  the  public  property. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMV    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       1 97 

Every  city  of  the  empire  was  possessed  of  an  inde- 
pendent revenue,  destined  to  purchase  corn  for  the 
multitude,  and  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  games  and 
entertainments.  By  a  single  mandate  the  whole  wealth 
was  confiscated  for  the  use  of  the  Imperial  treasury. 
The  temples  were  stripped  of  their  most  valuable  of- 
ferings of  gold  and  silver,  and  the  statues  of  heroes, 
gods  and  emperors  were  melted  down  and  coined  into 
money.  Such  acts  occasioned  much  blood-shedding, 
as  in  many  cases  the  people  defended  their  altars  to 
the  last  breath.  All  knew  that  was  robbery.  The  sol- 
diers, as  hard-hearted  as  they  were,  at  first  blushed 
when  they  received  the  stolen  treasure.  Throughout 
Rome  a  cry  of  indignation  was  heard.  The  treasurer 
was  stabbed.  An  armed  force  was  collected  and  arm- 
ed with  clubs  and  axes.  They  influenced  the  two  Gor- 
dians  to  accept  the  emperorship,  and  the  tyrant  Max- 
imin  was  mad  to  distraction.  The  prefect  Vetalianus 
was  the  first  to  suffer  death.  He  was  the  ardent  ad- 
herent of  Maximin;  he  was  assassinated.  The  senate 
took  the  reins  of  government  and  prepared  to  force 
the  cause  of  the  people — new  thing  for  the  senate  to 
do.  They  had  an  opposition  that  was  as  tyrannical  as 
the  aristocracy  had  been.  It  was  now  bull-dog  against 
blood-hound,  and  the  two  Gordians  were  killed  in 
the  first  encounter;  or  one  was  killed,  and  the  other 
seeing  no  hope  for  the  cause  of  the  people,  committed 
suicide.  Two  other  emperors  were  chosen — Balbinus 
and  Maximus.  When  the  tyrant  heard  what  was  go- 
ing on,  he  received  the  news  with  the  rage  of  a  wild 
beast.  He  marched  in  excellent  order,  but  he  found 
the  country  desolate.  The  people  had  all  left  their 
habitations ;  the  cattle  were  driven  away ;  all  provis- 
ions removed  or  destroyed ;  bridges  broke  down  or 
destroyed.  Aquilea  received  and  stood  the  first  shock. 
The  rivers  were  swollen  by  the  thaws,  but  the  tyrant 
made  bridges  of  hogsheads,  and  crossed  the  river; 
rooted  the  vineyards  out  of  the  ground;  destroyed  the 
outskirts  of  the  city,  and  used  the  timber  of  the  build- 
ings in  the  engines  and  towers.    All  went  against  him, 


198  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

and  a  party  of  Praetorian  guards  assassinated  the  Thra- 
cian  Giant  Maximin,  the  tyrant  emperor  of  Rome. 
He  was  over  eight  feet  in  stature,  and  the  strongest 
man  in  the  empire.  He  was  unfit  to  be  emperor.  The 
Praetorian  guards  were  dissatisfied,  and  one  of  the 
senators  or  several  killed  two  of  the  guards  who  in- 
truded on  the  senate,  and  then  called  on  the  multitude 
to  massacre  the  Praetorians  as  the  secret  adherents 
of  the  tyrants.  Those  who  escaped  the  first  fury  of 
the  tumult  took  refuge  in  the  camp,  which  they  de- 
fended with  superior  advantage  against  the  reiterated" 
attacks  of  the  people,  assisted  by  the  numerous  bands 
of  gladiators,  the  property  of  opulent  nobles.  The 
civil  war  lasted  many  clays,  with  great  loss  and  confu- 
sion on  both  sides.  When  the  pipes  were  broken  that 
supplied  the  camp  with  water,  the  Praetorians  were 
reduced  to  intolerable  distress  ;  but  in  their  turn  they 
made  desperate  sallies  into  the  city,  and  set  fire  to  a 
great  many  houses,  and  drenched  the  streets  with  the 
blood  of  the  people.  Maximus  enforced  his  exhorta- 
tions by  a  liberal  donative ;  purified  the  camp  ;  but 
nothing  could  reconcile  the  stubborn  spirit  of  the 
Praetorians ;  they  attended  the  emperors  on  their  en- 
try into  some,  but  they  did  not  appear  as  partners  in 
the  triumph.  The  two  emperors  did  not  agree,  but 
did  not  show  it — one  was  a  noble,  and  the  other  an 
obscure  soldier,  and  that  weakened  their  measures. 
The  city  was  engaged  in  games,  and  the  emperors 
were  alone  in  the  palace.  On  a  sudden  a  desperate 
troop  of  assassins — they  were  the  guards ;  they  seized 
on  the  emperors  of  the  senate,  as  they  called  them 
with  malicious  contempt  ;  stripped  them  of  their  gar- 
ments, and  drao^ged  them  throusfh  the  streets  of  Rome 
with  a  design  to  torture  them.  The  fear  of  rescue 
from  the  Germans  of  the  imperial  guards  shortened 
their  tortures,  and  their  bodies,  mangled  with  a  thou- 
sand wounds,  were  left  exposed  to  the  insults  or  to  the 
pity  of  the  populace. 

In  the  space  of  a  few  months,  six  princes  had  been 
slain   by  the   sword.     Gordian,  who   had    already  re- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCKaCV.         199 

ceived  the  title  of  Caesar,  was  the  only  person  that  oc- 
curred to  the  soldiers  proper  to  fill  the  throne.  They 
carried  him  to  the  camp,  and  saluted  him  Augustus 
and  Emperor.  His  name  was  dear  to  the  people  and 
to  the  senate.  His  tender  age  promised  a  long  im- 
punity of  military  license,  and  the  submission  of  Rome 
and  the  provicerers  to  the  choice  of  the  Pretoria n 
guards  saved  the  republic,  at  the  expense,  indeed,  of 
its  freedom  and  dignity,  from  the  horrors  of  a  new 
civil  war. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY. 

The  young  Gordian  reigned  but  a  short  time.  He 
rained  some  success  over  the  Persians.  Then  his 
prefect  died  suddenly,  supposed  by  poison.  An  Arab 
by  the  name  of  Philip  was  appointed  in  his  place  ;  he 
had  been  a  robber  by  profession.  Gordian  was  mur- 
dered near  the  conflux  of  Euphrates  with  the  river 
Aboras.  So  another  Emperor  has  been  murdered, 
and  the  barbarians  again  triumph  over  the  civil  power. 
The  truth  is  apparent,  that  aristocracy  is  a  bad  gov- 
ernment, after  all  their  brag  about  their  morality  and 
civilization.  The  fact  of  the  case  is,  and  what  we 
have  recorded  proves,  that  they  are  a  body  of  thieves, 
robbers,  swindlers,  liars,  assassins  and  scoundrels,  and 
the  sooner  the  workingmen  take  the  reins  of  govern- 
ment in  their  own  hands,  the  better  for  all  honest 
men.  Workingmen,  prepare  yourselves  for  to  take 
the  rule  of  the  country,  and  the  enlightened  world; 
make  up  your  minds,  do  not  hesitate  ;  to  defer  is  mad- 
ness ;  claim  your  rights,  do  not  wait  its  loss.  Let  us 
take  the  example  of  the  honey  bee — can  it  be  that  we 
know  less  than  these  little  insects ;  can  it  be  that  that 
example  is  lost  to  us  ;  are  we  of  less  reason  and  sense 
than  the  bees?  No,  we  are  not,  and  we  will  rule,  and 
aristocracy  will  have  to  go  to  grass.  Rome  is  gov- 
erned by  a  barbarian  Emperor,  and  consists  of  twenty- 


200  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

seven  provinces.  The  people  are  discouraged  by  long 
oppression,  and  the  barbarians  begin  to  see  it.  The 
days  of  the  Empire  are  numbered;  aristocracy  cannot 
rule  a  country  successfully  ;  they  are  too  greedy  of 
gain,  and  too  insane  for  blood  and  power.  They  are 
venal,  rapacious,  treacherous,  mercenary,  and  menda- 
cious. It  is  high  time  that  they  are  pushed  off  of  the 
stage  of  life  and  action,  and  the  working  men  take 
their  place.  The  Persians  were  long  since  civilized, 
and  also  afterwards  corrupted.  The  science  of  war 
was  not  as  well  understood  in  Persia  as  in  Greece  and 
Rome.  The  intricate  evolutions  which  are  necessary 
in  military  exercise  were  not  understood  by  the  Per- 
sians, and  we  can  plainly  see  the  progress  in  military 
exercise  that  has  been  made,  as  in  all  other  sciences. 
Think  of  the  rude  barbarians  in  single  file,  or  in  a 
phalanx  sixteen  feet  deep,  as  in  ancient  times ;  evolu- 
tions could  be  executed  but  very  partially.  In  ancient 
times  they  could  ride  horseback  and  shoot  with  the 
bow,  handle  the  long  lance,  throw  the  javelin,  and  war 
was  uppermost  in  the  minds  of  the  barbarians,  and 
inhumanity  to  man. 

Sweden  was  one  of  the  first  nations  that  used  let- 
ters. Greece  furnished  many  places  with  alphabeti- 
cal characters,  algebra,  and  astronomy,  and  she  is  said 
to  have  derived  them  from  Sweden.  Germany,  in 
the  time  of  Tacitus,  two  hundred  years  after  Christ, 
was  destitute  of  learnino-.     And  it  has  been  said  that 

O 

the  use  of  letters  is  the  principal  thing  that  distin- 
guishes a  civilized  people  from  a  herd  of  savages,  in- 
capable of  knowledge  or  reflection.  But  this  idea  can 
be  carried  too  far.  It  is  the  mass  of  the  people  who 
are  traveling  forward  in  the  arts,  and  letters,  and  sci- 
ences. It  is  the  surrounding  environments  that  most- 
ly make  the  individual.  A  person  brought  up  with- 
out any  living  soul,  only  the  one  who  feeds  him  and 
does  not  talk  to  him,  and  does  not  learn  him  anything, 
the  person  so  reared  will  know  nothing  worth  mention- 
ing— not  so  much  as  an  idiot  brought  up  in  an  intel- 
ligent community.     Hut  a  person  of  acute  natural  abil- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         20I 

ity,  surrounded  by  intelligent  individuals,  would  pass 
for  an  intelligent  individual.  Books  and  sciences  act 
on  the  masses,  and  move  them  onward  and  upward, 
and  produces  progress.  It  is  very  probable  that  letters 
came  from  the  East.  Hindostan  is  the  origin  of  let- 
ters, arts,  sciences,  the  numerals  of  arithmetic,  and 
many  important  and  great  inventions.  And  then 
they  traveled  East  to  China  and  Japan,  then  west  to 
Persia,  and  then  to  Europe,  and  lastly  America.  This 
is  not  certain,  but  reasonable  from  the  light  we  have 
gleaned  from  history.  In  inclement  winter  the  men 
wore  the  skins  of  animals,  and  in  summer,  but  very 
httle  clothing.  The  women  made  for  themselves  a 
coarse  linen.  They  lived  on  game;  their  great  herds 
of  cattle  formed  their  wealth.  A  little  corn  was  the 
only  produce  they  raised  from  the  earth.  Gold,  silver, 
and  iron  were  very  scarce.  We  are  speaking  of  Ger- 
many;  then  they  were  the  last  nation  in  progress,  now 
they  are  up  to  the  foremost.  Sweden  was  ignorant 
then  of  its  own  riches.  The  distant  tribes  knew 
nothing  of  money,  the  traffic  was  confined  to  the  ex- 
change of  commodities.  But  we  are  mostly  indebted 
to  iron  for  our  civilization — money  is  the  incitement, 
iron  is  the  powerful  instrument.  Do  we  progress  ? 
Progress  expands  and  exercises  the  human  faculties. 
But  we  must  not  suppose  that  the  march  is  always 
upward  and  onward,  for  sometimes  thousands  of  ani- 
mals have  been  created,  and  then  they  have  become 
extinct;  and  in  morals  we  think  we  have  retrograded 
one  hundred  years  in  the  last  twenty-five.  And  we 
have  heard  many  sawnies  say  that  we  are  going  back 
to  barbarism.  They  are  the  worst  of  barbarians  them- 
selves— they  are  dunces,  and  cannot  see  one  inch  from 
their  noses  ;  but  they  are  like  parrots,  only  say  what 
a  few  infernal  scamps  tell  them.  The  barbarians  spent 
their  time  in  debauchery  and  gambling;  they  gloried 
in  war;  fond  of  fighting  like  brutes  ;  the  sound  of  the 
drum  was  music  to  their  ears.  The  women,  and  old 
men,  and  slaves  had  to  do  the  work.  They  passed 
days  and  nights  at  the  table.       The  gambler  would 


202  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

stake  his  person  and  liberty  on  the  throw  of  the  dice, 
and  if  he  lost,  he  suffered  himself  to  be  sold  into  re- 
mote slavery.  Those  barbarians  were  worse  than 
wild  beasts  ;  and  yet  the  fanatic  says  we  are  going  back 
to  barbarism,  and  so  says  the  aristocratic  drone.  He 
who  runs  may  read  and  know  better.  War,  rapine, 
and  the  free-will  offering  of  his  friends,  were  their  gifts. 
In  the  days  of  chivalry  all  the  men  were  brave  and 
all  the  women  chaste.  The  first  honor  of  the  female 
was  chastity.  The  religion  of  the  Germans  was  : 
They  adored  the  sun,  moon,  fire,  earth,  and  imaginary 
deities;  they  had  no  temples;  the  priests,  rude  and 
illiterate,  used  every  artifice  to  preserve  their  interest, 
and  the  priests  had  more  power  than  the  magistrates. 
The  Bructeri  were  totally  exterminated  by  the  neigh- 
boring tribes.  Above  sixty  thousand  barbarians  were 
destroyed,  not  by  the  Roman  arms,  but  in  our  sight, 
and  for  entertainment.  The  Germans,  like  the 
American  Indians,  were  prone  to  war  with  each  other, 
and  the  Romans  used  every  art  to  foment  their  quar- 
rels. After  a  time  they  combined  to  war  with  the  Ro- 
mans, and  it  required  all  the  vigilance  and  firmness  to 
subdue  them  that  the  Romans  possessed.  Philip,  the 
Emperor,  had  obtained  the  throne  by  murdering  the 
former  Emperor,  and  now  things  were  shaping  to  take 
his  head  from  his  shoulders.  There  was  a  prophecy 
that  the  Emperor  would  change  soon,  and  the  soldiers 
told  it.  The  competitor  of  Philip  marched  his  army 
to  the  confines  of  Italy  ;  so  did  Philip.  A  battle  was 
fought,  in  which  Philip  was  defeated  and  killed,  or  he 
was  assassinated  a  few  days  after,  and  his  son  was 
killed  by  the  guards.  We  perceive  two  more  Emper- 
ors were  assassinated,  and  sixty  thousand  were  killed. 
This  looks  as  if  we  are  orooressino',  but  the  aristocrat 
will  say  no,  and  he  will  always  say  no  ;  he  has  rancor 
and  malice  in  his  heart  against  the  laboring  man, 
which  will  follow  him  without  any  decrease  to  the 
grave,  and  death  only  will  end  the  hatred  he  has  al- 
ways manifested  to  the  workingman.  The  Praetorian 
guards    had    elevated    a  new   man  as   Emperor ;    his 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       2O3 

name  was  Decius.  In  the  beginning  of  the  sixth  cen- 
tury the  Goths  had  a  temple  at  Upsal.  Every  ninth 
year  a  festival  was  held,  every  ninth  animal  of  every 
species  (without  excepting  the  human)  were  sacrificed, 
and  their  bleeding  bodies  suspended  in  the  sacred 
grove  adjacent  to  the  temple.  Human  beings  were 
sacrificed,  and  they  were  living  beings  slaughtered 
and  bleedino-.  Shockinsf  and  atrocious  inhumanitv ! 
Do  we  progress  ?  All  but  drones,  aristocracy  and  fa- 
natics will  say  yes ;  they  will  say  no. 

In  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  before  Christ 
the  Goths  made  an  incursion  into  Rome,  The  camp 
of  the  Roman  army  was  surprised,  and  pillaged,  and 
the  emperor  fled  before  a  band  of  half-armed  barba- 
rians. They  took  a  great  city  and  plundered  it,  and 
massacred  a  hundred  thousand  persons.  The  Romans 
at  length  got  the  advantage  of  the  Goths,  but  the 
Goths  and  the  Romans  fought  a  hard  battle,  in  which 
the  Romans  at  first  had  the  advantage;  but  by  follow- 
ing the  Goths  into  a  swamp,  the  Goths  gained  the 
victory,  and  the  emperor  Decius  and  his  son  were 
both  killed,  and  the  body  of  Decius  was  never  found. 
The  imperial  title  was  conferred  on  Hostillianus,  his 
only  surviving  son,  and  an  equal  rank  was  granted  to 
Gallus,  a  person  of  experience  and  ability,  who  was 
equal  to  the  trust  of  guardian  to  the  young  prince. 
The  emperor  left  in  the  hands  of  the  Goths  an  im- 
mense booty,  anS  worse,  many  prisoners  of  the  highest 
merit  and  quality.  He  plentifully  supplied  their 
camp  with  everything  that  could  tend  to  please  them, 
and  he  promised  to  pay  them  a  large  sum  of  gold,  if 
they  would  not  molest  the  Roman  Empire  again ;  this 
was  humiliating  to  the  Roman  people.  Hostillianus 
died,  or  was  assassinated,  and  Gallus  remained  sole 
emperor  for  one  year,  and  the  Empire  was  at  peace  for 
one  year,  ^millianus  took  the  military  department  in 
his  hands,  and  he  routed  the  barbarians,  and  drove 
them  beyond  the  Rhine.  Gallus  heard  that  the  sol- 
diers had  proclaimed  yEmillianus  emperor.  Gallus,  the 
emperor,    heard  that  the    soldiers  had    declared    the 


204  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

governor  yEmillianus  emperor  ;  marched  to  Spoleto 
to  meet  him  ;  but  when  the  armies  met  the  soldiers, 
compared  the  ignominous  conduct  of  their  emperor 
with  the  glory  of  his  rival,  chose  his  rival  for  emperor, 
and  murdered  Gallus  and  his  son,  and  the  servile  senate 
sanctioned  their  choice.  So  we  again  see  the  inferiori- 
ty and  vascillatinggovernment  of  aristocracy,  and  more, 
we  see  their  barbarity  and  bloodthirsty  disposition. 
This  teaches  us  never  to  let  an  aristocrat  rule  the  peo- 
ple. The  new  emperor  made  the  best  promises  he 
could;  he  had  vanquished  Gallus,  but  he  had  a  com- 
petitor more  formidable  than  Gallus,  that  was  Valer- 
ian, the  censor.  Gallus  had  commanded  Valerian  to 
march  to  Spoleto  to  meet  him.  He  came,  and  the  sol- 
diers respected  his  character,  and  they  saw  he  had  the 
largest  army  ;  so  they  murdered  ^millianus,  and 
they  elected  Valerian  emperor.  yEmillianus  was  em- 
peror one  month.  The  reader  will  notice  that  but  a 
short  time  previous  they  had  murdered  Gallus,  the 
emperor.  So  we  see  the  aristocracy  fickle,  barbarous, 
inhuman,  degraded,  and  infamous ;  and  yet  they  have 
the  cheek  to  say  that  a  Republican  government  will 
not  stand.  There  is  nothing  too  mean  for  aristocracy 
to  say,  if  it  is  for  their  interest.  They  have  always 
robbed,  and  cheated,  and  swindled,  and  lied  to  the 
people.  We  say  to  the  workingmen,  claim  your  rights  ; 
unite;  do  not  vote  for  third  parties.  Aristocracy  gets 
up  the  third  parties,  to  cheat  you  oitt  of  your  vote. 
Look  back,  was  there  any  good  in  the  third  party  ?  The 
drones  got  it  up  for  their  benefit,  and  they  caught  the 
fools ;  every  person  knows  that  a  third  party  cannot 
win  in  an  important  ofiftce,  and  you  will  find  that  those 
who  are  most  in  favor  of  third  parties  are  aristocrats  ; 
and  more,  they  do  not  vote  for  the  third  party ;  it  is 
a  trap  to  cheat  the  workingnian  out  of  his  vote.  D. 
K.  drew  off  many  votes  to  a  third  party,  which  made 
a  miscreant  and  unprincipled  scamp  gain  an  important 
office.  We  shall  have  more  to  say  on  this  topic,  for  it 
is  the  snag  on  which  the  people  shipwreck.  Beware  of 
it ;  do  not  be  fools,  and  get  caught  in  such  a  silly  trap. 


IMMORALIIY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       205 

Vote  for  those  who  are  your  friends,  not  for  aristocracy 
— your  implacable  enemies  and  robbers. 

Valerian  appointed  his  son,  Gallienus,  joint  Emperor 
with  himself.  At  that  period  there  still  existed  nations 
who  sacrificed  human  beings  to  their  imaginary  gods. 
From  this  period,  and  some  before,  the  barbarians 
made  many  incursions  into  the  Roman  Empire,  250 
years  after  Christ,  and  sometimes  came  nearly  in  sight 
of  Rome.  They  took  the  city  of  Isebizond,  massacred 
the  inhabitants,  and  carried  off  immense  booty.  The 
wealth  of  the  surrounding  country  had  been  deposited 
there  for  safety.  Many  captives  were  taken  and  en- 
slaved;  a  great  tleet  of  ships  were  also  taken.  Next 
they  took  Chalcedon  and  plundered  the  city,  which 
was  plentifully  stored  with  arms  and  money.  They 
burnt  Nice  and  Nicomedia,  and  the  autumnal  rains 
drove  them  home.  The  next  year  they  took  Athens, 
which  they  plundered.  The  reader  can  not  fail  to  see 
the  immorality  and  infamy  of  the  aristocrac3^  and 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  we  are  slowly  improving 
in  morals  ;  yet  the  fanatics,  and  drones,  and  aristocrats 
will  say  that  we  are  retroceding.  Do  not  believe  a 
word  they  say;  they  want  to  keep  you  in  ignorance,  so 
they  can  plunder  and  rob  you,  as  they  always  have 
done.  The  Goths  done  this  work;  they  also  destroy- 
ed the  Temple  of  Diana  for  the  eighth  time.  The 
arts  of  Greece  and  the  wealth  of  Pisa  had  combined 
to  build  that  temple.  It  was  a  fine  structure ;  it  was 
supported  by  one  hundred  and  twenty- seven  marble 
columns  of  the  Ionic  order.  They  were  the  gifts  of 
devout  monarchs,  and  each  sixty  feet  high.  The  length 
of  the  temple  was  four  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet. 
It  was  admired  as  one  of  the  wonders  of  the  world. 
Sapor,  a  Persian  king,  invaded  the  Roman  Empire 
and  fought  a  battle  with  the  Roman  Emperor,  Valerian, 
near  the  walls  of  Edessa.  The  Roman  Emperor  was 
taken  prisoner.  Sapor  also  took  the  city  of  Antioch 
and  destroyed  the  best  buildings,  put  most  of  the  peo- 
ple to  the  sword,  and  carried  the  remainder  into  cap- 
tivity.    Such  was  the  morals  of  that  day.     Who  will 


206  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

sa}'  that  we  have  not  progressed  in  morals?  Aristoc- 
racy and  barbarism  are  the  same,  and  we  tell  you  that 
the  aristocracy  of  to-day  are  barbarians.  None  l^ut  a 
barbarian  can  be  a  modern  aristocrat,  but  a  barbarian 
may  not  be  an  aristocrat,  but  an  aristocrat  is  a  bar- 
barian. 

The  emperor  Valerian  was  kept  by  the  Persian  king 
Sapor  until  he  was  worn  out  by  ill  treatment,  and 
died.  Tarsus  was  also  taken  and  demolished,  and  the 
tyrant  and  cruel  despot  took  many  other  cities  and 
destroyed  them.  Sapor  also  took  the  city  of  Caesarea, 
the  capital  of  Cappadocia.  Demosthenes  commanded 
it,  and  cut  his  way  out  through  the  Persians,  who  had 
been  ordered  to  do  their  utmost  to  take  him  alive. 
But  he  escaped,  and  many  thousands  were  massacred. 
Odenathus  collected  an  armv,  and  sorelv  harrassed 
the  Persian.  Sapor  took  much  of  his  ill  gotten  gain, 
and  followed  him  in  his  retreat  to  the  Euphrates,  and 
took  many  of  his  women.  It  has  been  said  that  after 
Valerian's  death.  Sapor  had  his  skin  stuffed  with  straw, 
and  exhibited  it  over  the  country,  to  show  that  he  had 
taken  a  Roman  emperor.  It  has  been  denied,  but  it 
is  in  perfect  accord  with  his  character.  The  son  of 
Valerian,  Gallienus,  succeeded  his  father.  He  was  a 
genius  in  everything  but  what  was  essential  for  him 
and  the  people.  So  he  was  the  wrong  man  in  an  im- 
portant position.  When  his  presence  was  necessary, 
he  was  arguing  a  philosophic  question  with  some  sa- 
vant, or  wasting  his  time  in  some  licentious  pleasures. 
He  smiled  when  he  heard  of  some  defeat,  and  made 
some  idle  or  appropriate  remarks  about  it.  It  was  said 
that  thirty  tyrants  ruled  the  empire  at  this  time ;  but 
nineteen  pretenders  to  the  throne  were  produced.  Of 
these  nineteen  who  aspired  to  the  throne,  not  one  lived 
in  peace,  and  all  died  without  any  disease.  They  all 
died  an  unnatural  death;  they  were  made  emperors 
by  the  soldiers  in  different  districts,  and  in  the  combats 
that  followed  they  were  killed  or  assassinated.  Think 
of  nineteen  rebellious  emperors,  all  lost,  none  lived  for 
long  time.    What  confusion,  conspiracy,  conflict,  mur- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       207 

der,  assassination  ;  the  parallel  never  was  nor  never 
will  be.  The  Roman  empire  a  slaughter  house.  Aris- 
tocracy rampant.  The  drones  slaying  each  other.  And 
yet  the  diabolical  aristocrat  will  say  that  we  have  not 
advanced  in  morals,  and  endeavor  to  teach  the  people 
vile  and  infamous  principles.  They  teach  it  orally, 
they  dare  not  come  out  plain,  they  teach  traditionally. 
If  the  people  improve,  their  nefarious  occupation  of 
plunder,  robbery  and  theft  is  gone,  and  they  will  have 
to  go  to  work. 

Gallienus  was  deluded  outside  the  palace,  and  killed 
by  a  dart.  In  his  last  moments  he  named  his  succes- 
sor. It  was  his  last  request  that  Claudius  should  be 
elected  Emperor.  In  this  case  Claudius  had  no  hand 
in  the  assassination,  and  the  army  and  Senate  ratified 
the  choice  of  Gallienus,  The  soldiers  were  restive, 
but  they  were  pacified  with  twenty  pieces  of  gold  to 
each  soldier.  The  Goths  invaded  the  empire  with 
three  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  men.  Claudius 
met  them  at  Naissus,  a  city  of  Dardania,  and  after  a 
hard  fought  battle,  in  which  the  Goths  had  a  great  ad- 
vantage at  first,  the  fate  of  the  battle  was  changed 
by  the  superior  military  talents  and  strategy  of  Clau- 
dius, the  Emperor.  Fifty  thousand  men  are  said  to 
have  been  slain  in  this  battle.  The  Romans  took 
many  cattle  and  slaves,  and  the  Goths  had  taken  their 
women  with  them.  Perhaps  they  were  confident  of 
victory,  and  intended  to  settle  in  the  country.  Each 
of  the  Roman  soldiers  received  two  or  three  v^omen 
for  his  share.  A  select  body  of  Gothic  youths  were 
received  in  the  Roman  army,  and  the  remainder  of 
the  prisoners  were  sold  as  slaves.  Notice  this  infer- 
nal work  of  the  aristocracy;  the  women  prisoners 
were  given  to  the  soldiers.  O,  diabolical  demons. 
Can  any  man  say  that  this  people  would  do  such  an 
odious  act  ?  Are  we  progressing  1  Mind,  the  most 
enlightened  nation  on  earth  committed  this  infamous 
act.  But  the  aristocrat  teaches,  traditionally,  that  we 
are  not  progressing,  but  retroceding.  What  a  base 
aristocracy  we  have.     A.  D.  269,  the  Goths  retreated 


208  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

to  Mount  Hemus.  In  the  spring,  few  were  left,  and 
the  hardships  of  the  campaign  proved  fatal  to  the 
Emperor ;  he  died  amidst  the  tears  and  acclamations  of 
his  subjects.  He  reigned  but  two  years.  The  Ro- 
mans lost  that  which  they  rarely  acquired,  a  good 
man  for  Emperor.  But  luck  was  with  them  for  a 
time,  and  another  good  man  was  recommended  by 
Claudius  to  fill  the  throne.  It  was  Aurelian,  the  gen- 
eral of  Claudius.  His  reign  lasted  four  years  and  nine 
months.  He  put  an  end  to  the  Gothic  war,  chastised 
the  Germans,  recovered  Gaul,  Spain  and  Britain,  and 
destroyed  the  proud  monarchy  of  Zenobia.  Gamb- 
ling and  drinking  were  prohibited.  The  soldiers 
were  not  allo\ved  to  steal,  not  even  a  fowl  or  a  bunch 
of  grapes.  He  brought  the  Goths  to  terms,  which 
lasted  many  years. 

The  Goths  marched  into  Italy,  and  took  immense 
booty,  but  when  they  returned  with  it,  Aurelian  head- 
ed them.  They  had  to  cross  the  Danube,  a  large  riv- 
er; Aurelian  marched  his  army  on  the  opposite  side, 
let  half  of  them  cross,  and  then  closed  on  them.  But 
the  wily  Goths  got  out  of  the  snare  with  considerable 
loss.  Aurelian  was  assassinated  by  Mucapor,  a  gen- 
eral whom  he  had  always  trusted  and  loved,  A.  D.  275. 
For  eight  months  Rome  was  without  an  emperor. 
The  army  wished  to  appoint  one,  and  so  did  the  sen- 
ate. At  the  end  of  eight  months  they  elected  Tacitus  ; 
they  all  agreed  to  it;  he  very  reluctantly  consented. 
He  marched  against  the  Alani,  a  fierce  horde  of  barba- 
rians ;  he  succeeded  in  quelling  the  invasion.  But 
the  campaign  was  too  much  for  his  age  and  feeble 
health,  and  the  soldiers  were  mutinous,  and  turbulent, 
and  insolent,  and  his  last  hour  was  near  at  hand.  It 
is  not  certain  whether  he  died  a  natural  death  or  was 
assassinated.  Tacitus  reigned  two  hundred  days.  The 
brother  of  Tacitus  assumed  the  title  of  emperor ;  his 
name  was  T^orianus  ;  he  did  not  ask  the  approbation 
of  the  senate,  but  was  appointed  by  the  army.  Probus 
was  the  choice  of  the  senate,  and  the  two  candidates 
resorted  to  arms  to  decide  the  contest ;  in  three  months 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        209 

Florianus  was  sacrificed,  probably  killed  by  the  soldiers. 
The  children  of  the  two  last  emperors  were,  contrary 
to  the  custom  of  the  barbarians,  suffered  to  live  in  pov- 
erty and  want.  Probus  now  was  emperor;  he  was 
brought  up  and  trained  a  general;  he  recovered  seventy 
cities  which  the  Gauls  had  taken  since  the  death  of 
Aureliau.  He  drove  back  the  Franks  to  the  morasses, 
and  he  vanquished  the  Burgundians.  They  attempted 
to  elude  the  treaty  ;  they  were  severely  punished  imme- 
diately and  terribly.  Probus  gave  a  piece  of  gold  for 
the  head  of  every  barbarian,  and  it  is  said  it  cost  four 
hundred  thousand  lives  of  the  Gauls.  Infamy!  Near- 
ly seven  hundred  prisoners,  that  had  been  reserved 
for  the  inhuman  and  beastly  sport  as  gladiators  in  the 
amphitheatre,  broke  from  their  place  of  confinement, 
and  filled  the  streets  of  Rome  with  blood  and  confusion. 
After  an  obstinate  resistance,  they  were  all  cut  to 
pieces  by  the  regular  troops.  Probus  made  the  sol- 
diers work  ;  he  had  them  drain  a  marsh  in  summer, 
hot  days,  and  they  killed  him. 

Please  read  the  last  two  pages  again,  and  think  of 
the  immorality  and  infamy  of  the  aristocracy.  And 
yet  they  will  boast  of  their  capacity  to  govern  the  peo- 
ple, and  that  a  liberal  government  will  not  continue 
long.  We  wonder  why  the  people  will  listen  to  the 
lies  of  the  drones.  In  the  first  place,  the  aristocracy 
do  not  work ;  they  have  to  live,  and  they  will  steal,  if 
they  cannot  cheat  the  people,  to  live  on.  A  man  who 
does  not  work,  without  means,  will  certainlv  be  more 
apt  to  lie  and  cheat  and  swindle  than  a  laboring  man. 
The  man  who  does  not  work  despises  labor;  he  Will 
steal  before  he  will  work.  Now  you  can  see  why  the 
lazy  drone  loves  money  more  than  the  workingman. 
The  drone  will  not  work,  but  depends  on  robbing,  ly- 
ing and  cheating  for  a  living.  The  workingman 
knows  that  when  his  money  is  gone  he  can  work  and 
get  more,  and  he  does  not  dread  to  work.  The  work- 
ingman is  the  pillar  of  the  nation,  the  foundation  on 
which  everything  important  rests.  The  drone  is  the 
moth  that  eats  out  the  substance  of  the  honest  laborer. 


2IO  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

The  aristocrat  is  the  leech  that  secretly  and  furtively 
sucks  the  blood  of  the  laboring  man.  Every  person 
should  earn  his  living  by  honest  toil,  and  every  sensi- 
ble laboring  man  should  do  all  he  could  honestly  to 
make  the  drone  work.  But  says  the  fool,  What  can  he 
do  in  that  direction  ?  We  can  tell  you  easily  :  Take 
care  of  your  proceeds  of  labor,  be  economical,  buy  on- 
ly what  is  indispensible,  and  buy  cheap,  and  in  politics 
vote  for  your  own  interest  and  the  interest  of  the  la- 
boring man  Dr.  Franklin  gives  many  good  maxims. 
The  aristocrat  says  you  must  live.  I  once  heard  a 
man  say,  who  had  been  on  a  spree,  that  he  had  spent 
one  hundred  dollars  in  three  days.  Some  one  said 
that  is  too  much;  he  said,  a  man  must  live  Money 
spent  in  that  manner  goes  in  the  hands  (mostly)  of  the 
drones.  We  will  take  up  this  subject  again  ;  it  is  the 
basis  of  our  work — we  labor  for  the  workingman. 
But  we  ask  only  one  thing  of  the  workingman,  and 
the  great  Creator  and  the  Eternal  Spirit  of  the  uni- 
verse we  invoke  to  induce  the  workingman  to  assist 
us  to  labor  for  his  interests.  We  shall  be  exceedingly 
sorrowful  if  the  laboring  man  works  against  us,  when 
we  are  doing  all  we  can  for  him.  For  heaven's  sake, 
do  not  work  for  the  aristocrat  for  nothing,  and  at  the 
same  time  against  your  interests.  The  aristocrat  will 
abuse  and  work  against  us.  If  the  workingman  works 
for  his  own  interest,  the  aristocrat  will  have  to  go  to 
work;  he  dreads  and  abhors  that.  You  will  hear  the 
aristocrat  and  drone  say  much  against  our  book. 
Some  of  those  who  say  the  most  will  pretend  to  work 
for  Che  workingman,  but  they  are  paid  by  the  aristoc- 
racy. He  who  is  against  our  book  is  against  the 
workingman.  Now  is  the  time  to  keep  a  lookout  for 
your  interest,  or  soon  it  will  be  too  late.  Millions  of 
your  class  are  bought  like  cattle  in  the  market.  At- 
tend to  your  interests ;  the  workingman  must  rule. 
All  you  have  to  do  is,  each  man  do  his  duty. 

After  the  soldiers  killed  Probus,  they  declared  Ca- 
rus  emperor.  He  punished  the  assassins  of  Probus 
severely,  but  suspicion  (the  evil  viper)  did  not  escape 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        2  I  I 

him.    He  then  marched  to  Persia.    That  kinordom  was 
distracted,  and  he  had  easy  work  to  ravage  and  plun- 
der and  cut  to  pieces,  and  destroy  the  country  he  trav- 
eled.    He  said  he  would  desolate  the  country,  and  he 
was  as  good  as  his  word ;  but  in  the  height  of  his  suc- 
cess he  died.     There  was  a  very  severe  thunder  shower, 
and  the  emperor's  bed   was  on  fire,  and  he  was  dead. 
Some  said  that  he  was  murdered,  many  said  he  died 
of  disease,  as  he  was  wasting  away.     There    was    no 
confusion  or  difficulty  about  the  succession.     His  two 
sons  ascended  the  throne  jointly.     One  was  then  in 
the  east;  Carinus  lived  in   Rome.      In  a  few    months 
he  took  and  divorced  nine  wives,  and  left  them  in  a 
delicate  situation,  and  by  his  acts  brought  shame  on 
himself,  and  disgrace  on  the  noblest  families  of  Rome. 
He  banished  or  put  to  death  the  friends  and  the  coun- 
sellors his  father  had  placed  about  him   to  guide  the 
youth.     The  palace  and  his  table  were  filled  with  sing- 
ers, dancers,  and  licentious  women.      He  appointed 
the  lowest  servants  to  high  stations  ;  he  killed  his  pre- 
fect, and  in  his  place  put   a  confidant  of  his  sensual 
pleasures.    The  Romai\games  were  exhibited  in  great- 
er splendor  than  they  ever  had  been  before.     Twenty 
zebras,  ten  elks,  ten  cameleopards,  which  were  rare 
animals,  thirty  hyenas,  ten    Indian   tigers,  thirty-two 
elephants,  rhinoceroses    and   hippopotamuses  of   the 
Nile,  all  were  to  be  seen  in  the  arena  of  the  amphithe- 
ater of  Rome.     The  building  in  which  they  were  was 
564  feet  in  length,  467  feet  in  breadth,  140  feet  high, 
and  it  was  capable  of  holding  with  ease  80,000  people. 
In  the  most  corrupt  times  Carinus  was  unfit  to  live. 
Numerian  deserved  to  reign  in  a  better  period  ;  he  was 
a  scholar  and  a  gentleman  ;  his  constitution  was  de- 
stroyed by  the   Persian  war  ;  he  was  an    invalid,  and 
the  affairs  of  state  devolved  on  Arrius,  after  the  Prae- 
torian prefect.     A  report  circulated  through  the  camp 
that  Numerian,  the  emperor,  was   dead.     There  were 
two  emperors.      Someone  went  in  the  tent,  and  saw 
the  dead  body   of  Numerian.     Suspicion    was  enter- 
tained the  prefect  had  been  guilty  of  a  heinous  crime, 


212  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

and  he  taking  steps  to  have  himself  secure  the  elec- 
tion of  emperor,  or  become  the  cause  of  his  ruin  ;  and 
he  was  sent  in  chains  to  Chalcedon,  and  Dioclesian 
was  chosen  emperor,  and  he  pronounced  Apier  guilty 
of  tlie  murder  of  Numerian,  the  emperor,  and  Diocle- 
sian drew  his  sword  and  plunged  it  in  the  breast  of 
Apier ;  they  were  not  agreed  that  Apier  had  killed 
the  emperor,  who  was  an  invalid,  wasted  away,  and 
died  a  natural  death,  as  likely  as  not ;  but  they  were  a 
band  of  barbarians  together,  and  they  yearned  for 
blood,  and  they  killed  him.  He  would  not  have  been 
killed  at  this  late  day— but  we  have  progressed.  Car- 
inus,  the  emperor,  and  Dioclesian  prepared  to  settle 
who  should  be  emperor  by  the  sword.  They  met  on 
the  plains  of  Margus,  a  city  near  the  Danube.  Cari- 
nus  had  the  best  soldiers.  Dioclesian  despaired ;  his 
ranks  were  broken,  but  the  advantage  was  lost  in  a  mo- 
ment. A  tribune,  whose  wife  the  emperor  had  se- 
duced, by  a  single  blow  ended  the  battle  by  taking  the 
life  of  Carinus,  the  libertine  emperor.  The  foul 
lecher  received  his  just  reward  ;  it  was  delayed  too 
long,  but  justice  came  swift  and  unexpectedly,  and  in 
the  most  momentous  opportunity.  Carinus  lived  like 
a  brute,  and  died  like  a  brute;  so  it  has  happened  to 
immoral  and  infamous  aristocracy — we  are  progress- 
ing. It  is  bad  enough  now;  yes,  too  bad,  but  not 
near  as  bad  as  it  was  then.  But  the  fanatic  says  we 
have  not  progressed  in  morals;  so  says  the  aristocrat, 
because  he  wants  it  so,  that  he  ma}^  rob,  steal,  plun- 
der, and  swindle  the  workingman.  But  we  see  Aurora 
in  the  east ;  day  is  coming ;  we  have  had  a  long,  a 
dark,  and  dreary,  and  evil  night,  and  we  are  joyous  that 
the  day  of  redemption  is  coming. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

IMMORALITY  AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY. 

Dioclesian  was  of  humble  origin  :    his  father  was  a 
slave.     He  was  not  a  brilliant  individual,  but  what  he 


IMMORALITV    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       213 

undertook  proved  a  success.  He  was  a  man  of  sense, 
always  comprehending  the  situation  of  himself  and 
environments.  Such  have  been  his  antecedents  ;  what 
he  will  do  the  sequel  will  show.  He  has  been  a  ple- 
bian  ;  now  we  call  him  an  aristocrat.  He  is  a  man 
who  will  command  respect  in  any  place  or  station. 
His  first  act  was  to  associate  a  friend  and  fellow  sol- 
dier of  his  choice  ;  it  was  Maxamian,  then  Galerius  and 
Constantus,  so  he  had  three  associates  in  the  govern- 
ment. The  next  act  was  to  retain  the  best  men  in  of- 
fice. Maxamian  was  of  a  different  style  of  man  ; 
he  lacked  sense,  was  for  a  bloody  aristocracy;  but  Dio- 
clesian  ruled  with  a  cool  head,  and  a  warm  heart,  and 
a  steady  hand.  Britain  was  lost  by  Carausius  usurp- 
ing it.  A  naval  power  was  placed  on  the  coast  of 
Britain.  Constantus  won  the  Britains  in  one  battle, 
after  they  had  been  separated  ten  years.  The  troops 
of  Ireland  and  Scotland  went  at  this  time  naked, 
A.  D.  296.  The  barbarians  often  had  civil  war  among 
themselves,  and  the  Romans  congratulated  each  other 
on  the  battles  they  won  without  any  effort,  as  every 
battle  fought  was  a  battle  won  for  the  Romans.  Bar- 
barians are  naturally  inclined  to  fight,  and  if  they  have 
no  foes  to  fight  with,  they  will  seek  a  quarrel  with  their 
neighbors  and  fight  it  out.  The  Romans  permitted 
their  prisoners  to  take  their  choice  of  death  or  slavery. 
Probus  was  the  first  barbarous  aristocrat  who  adopted 
that  flagitious  practice,  and  it  was  imitated  by  Diocle- 
sian.  Do  you,  reader,  think  we  have  progressed  mor- 
allv  ?  It  is  not  done  so  now.  But  the  frantic  aristo- 
crat  never  will  be  convinced,  though  the  sages  of  an- 
tiquity should  rise  before  him  and  bear  their  witness, 
and  if  you  should  give  him  proof  as  certain  as  the 
demonstrations  of  Euclid.  Nothing  will  satisfy  them 
sufficiently  but  money.  We  will  give  them  proofs 
sufficient  for  any  human  being  having  some  brains, 
heart,  senses  and  honor — but  there  is  no  honor;  as 
with  the  aristocrats,  reason  and  demonstration  are  of  no 
use.  like  a  jewel  in  a  hog's  nose.  It  is  absurd  for  a 
nation  to  enslave  many  and  hold  them  in  bondage. 
This  is  what  Rome  has  done. 


214  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

The  provinces  of  Africa  rebelled.  Dioclesian 
marched  an  army  in  that  country.  Alexandria  was 
the  first  city  he  besieged,  and  after  eight  months  the 
city  was  wasted  by  sword,  fire  and  famine.  They  en- 
treated for  mercy,  but  they  asked  for  that  which  was 
not  there.  Many  thousands  of  the  people  perished  in 
a  promiscuous  slaughter,  and  a  few  obnoxious  per- 
sons escaped.  It  was  a  crime  of  the  highest  magni- 
tude to  defend  themselves  like  men  should.  And  yet, 
\k\.^  frantic  aristocrat  will  say  that  we  do  not  progress. 
The  people  of  Alexandria  had  the  true  spirit  of  lib- 
erty. Busiris  and  Coptos,  rich  and  noted  cities,  were 
utterly  destroyed  by  the  order  of  the  tyrant  execution- 
er. Think  of  it;  utterly  destroyed  large  cities. 
Would  any  nation  condescend  to  act  so  now?  We 
all  say  at  once,  No.  Dioclesian  abdicated  the  office 
of  Emperor,  A.  D.  313,  and  retired  to  a  villa  he  had 
built  for  that  purpose.  He  had  meditated  the  abdi- 
cation of  the  throne  for  some  time.  He  frequently 
said  that  of  all  arts  the  most  difficult  was  that  of 
reigning.  Maxamian  also  abdicated,  but  he  advised 
Dioclesian  to  resume  the  throne  ;  he  rejected  the  idea 
with  a  smile.  From  what  he  said  we  can  read  the  de- 
gradation and  infamy  of  aristocracy  of  that  day.  He 
said  the  Emperor  knew  but  little  of  what  was  trans- 
piring in  the  empire  .but  w^hat  his  officers  told  him, 
and  four  or  five  of  the  leading  officials  of  the  empire 
could  conspire  together  and  give  him  a  misrepresen- 
tation of  the  empire  and  its  condition.  He  would  not 
have  said  so  if  that  had  not  been  done  ;  and  perhaps 
that  disgusted  him  so  that  he  abdicated.  That  is  a 
vile  manner  to  make  an  Emperor  do  what  would  ren- 
der him  odious  in  the  eyes  of  the  nation.  There  is 
nothing  too  vicious  for  aristocracy  to  do.  Gibbon 
says:  "  It  is  almost  unnecessary  to  say  that  the  civil 
distraction  of  the  empire,  the  license  of  the  soldiers, 
the  inroads  of  the  barbarians,  and  the  progress  of  des- 
potism had  proved  very  unfavorable  to  genius,  and 
even  to  learning.  Military  education  is  not  calculat- 
ed to  inspire  a  people  with  a  love  of  letters.     The  Ro- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       21  5 

mans  were  on  the  descending  grade  that  leads  to  ruin 
and  destruction,  and  they  finally  landed  at  the  bottom 
of  the  decline,  and  the  empire  was  dashed  to  its  orig- 
inal and  barbarian  fragments." 

The  decline  of  learning  was  mai-ked,  and  probably 
caused  by  the  rise  of  a  sect  called  Platonists.  They 
neglected  the  study  of  morality,  science,  mathematics, 
and  astronomy,  but  disputed  on  metaphysics,  attempt- 
ed to  explore  the  secrets  of  the  soul,  ard  they  pretend- 
ed that  they  had  found  the  secret  of  separating  the 
soul  from  the  body.  They  claimed  intercourse  with 
demons  and  spirits,  and  they  transformed  philosophy 
into  magic.  And  so  at  the  present  day,  the  inclination 
is  to  pry  into  the  invisible  and  inscrutable  secrets  of 
nature  ;  and  they  build  a  higher  spirit  than  nature,  and 
pretend  to  have  a  knowledge  of  all  its  attributes 
and  powers,  and  pretend  to  be  able  to  tell  what  it  will 
do  under  all  circumstances.  We  believe  in  studying 
what  we  can  reach  and  learn  first,  and  do  what  we 
know  is  proper  and  right,  and  not  be  lost  in  specula- 
tion and  mystery,  but  adhere  to  what  is  tangible  and 
important  to  our  immediate  welfare.  And  when  we 
get  all  science  and  the  arts  mastered,  then  we  may 
speculate  on  mysteries;  but  we  then  will  find  that  they 
only  make  its  devotees  dreamy  and  visionary  fanatics. 
We  say  again :  Remain  on  terra  firma,  and  do  not 
soar  into  the  regions  of  space;  you  will  effect  nothing. 
You  will  find  it  so,  if  you  persist  in  that  visionary 
vagary.  Let  the  fanatical  Hindu  endeavor  to  pene- 
trate into  the  mysteries  of  Vishnu,  and  Brahma,  and 
Siva.  But  we  advise  you  to  prosecute  the  study  of 
agriculture,  arts,,  politics,  and  science,  as  they  will  be 
found  to  promote  the  welfare  and  happiness  of  the 
human  family,  and  at  the  same  time  be  certain  not  to 
neglect  ethics,  as  that  is  the  highest  faculty  of  man. 
The  abdication  of  Dioclesian  and  his  friend  Maxamian 
was  succeeded  by  eighten  years  of  civil  wars,  discord 
and  confusion.  The  empire  was  afflicted  by  five  civil 
wars.  What  do  you  think  of  aristocracy ;  they  say 
the  people  do  not  know  how  to  rule  a  country,  but  we 


2l6  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

find  aristocracy  will  lie.  History  proves  that  aris- 
tocracy does  not  know  how  to  rule  a  country,  and  now 
we  will  tell  you  positively  that  a  government  ruled  by 
aristocracy  is  a  worse  state  of  society  than  no  govern- 
ment at  all.  The  people  without  any  government  will 
govern  themselves  better  than  aristocracy  will  ever  do. 
Maxamian  abdicated  the  office  of  emperor;  his  son 
wished  to  be  emperor.  The  prefect  of  the  city  and  a 
few  magistrates  were  massacred  by  the  guards.  Max- 
entius,  his  son,  was  invested  with  the  imperial  orna- 
ments, and  acknowledged  by  the  applauding  senate 
and  people.  As  soon  as  the  rebellion  was  started  at 
Rome  the  old  emperor  left  his  retirement,  and  at 
the  request  of  his  son,  Maxentius,  and  senate,  he  as- 
sumed the  emperorship.  The  emperor  hastened  to 
Rome,  but  he  found  that  the  gates  of  the  city  had 
been  shut  against  him — that  was  Severus.  Severus 
found  himself  deserted  by  his  troops,  who  joined  the 
forces  of  Maxamian  and  his  son  Maxentius ;  retreated 
back  to  Ravenna,  which  was  a  strong  place  ;  sur- 
rounded on  three  sides  by  a  swamp  and  water,  the  sea 
on  the  other  side.  Maxamian  saw  that  he  could  not 
take  the  place  by  assault,  had  recourse  to  artifice;  he 
gained  access  to  Severus,  the  emperor,  and  after  some 
talk  they  agreed  that  Severus  should  capitulate  ;  which 
he  did,  with  the  agreement  that  his  person  should  be 
safe  ;  he  was  taken  to  Rome  ;  but  Severus  found  that 
the  demons  had  betrayed  him.  He  was  informed  that 
he  must  suffer  death,  but  he  had  the  choice  of  the 
death  he  wished  to  die;  he  chose  to  have  his  veins 
opened.  Again  and  again,  and  continually,  we  see  the 
immorality  of  the  infamous  and  bloodthirsty  aristo- 
cracy. We  are  progressing;  such  a  barbarous  act 
would  not  be  tolerated  now.  What  think  you  ?  Gal- 
erus,  also  em])eror — they  had  six  at  this  time — under- 
took to  revenge  the  death  of  Severus.  Maxamian  and 
his  son  Maxentius  did  not  agree.  The  matter  was 
left  to  the  guards,  and  they  decided  in  favor  of  Max- 
entius; it  was  ill  received  by  Maxamian,  but  he  had 
but  one  thing  to  do,  that  was  to  again  abdicate.     Gal- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       2  I  7 

€rius  obliged  him  to  leave  his  dominions;  he  then 
sousfht  a  refuoe  with  his  son-in-law  Constantine;  but 
he  had  to  act  the  barbarian.  When  Constantine  was 
summoned  to  the  banks  of  the  Rhine,  a  large  amount 
of  treasure  was  at  Aries ;  Maxamian  seized  the  treas" 
ure  ;  pretended  the  death  of  Constantine ;  declared 
himself  emperor.  Constantine  in  a  short  time  was  on 
hand  with  an  army,  that  Maxamian  could  not  cope  with, 
and  he  took  shelter  in  the  town  of  Marseilles.  Con- 
stantine threatened  to  assault  the  town  immediately, 
and  the  inhabitants,  fearful  of  the  vengeance  of  Con- 
stantine, capitulated  by  giving  up  the  person  of  Max- 
amian, and  he  to  make  the  matter  short  strangled  him- 
self with  his  own  hands.  And  again  we  see  the 
treachery  of  a  man  who  was  befriended  by  his  son-in- 
Jaw — but  such  is  barbarism. 

The  last  years  of  Galerius  were  terminated  by  a 
loathsome  and  lingering  disorder;  he  was  covered 
with  ulcers,  and  devoured  by  an  innumerable  swarm 
of  insects,  which  have  given  the  name  to  the  most 
loathsome  disease.  The  death  of  Galerius  reduced 
the  Emperors  to  four.  Constantine  loaded  the  peo- 
ple's autumn,  so  that  they  could  not  pay  them,  and 
they  lived  as  outlaws  and  exiles,  and  much  of  the  land 
was  uncultivated.  Constantine  gained  a  signal  victo- 
ry over  Franks  and  Alemanni;  he  caused  several  of 
their  princes  to  be  exposed  to  wild  beasts  in  the  amphi- 
theatre of  Thebes,  and  the  people  seemed  to  have  en- 
joyed the  awful  and  inhuman  spectacle  without  dis- 
covering that  it  was  barbarous  and  brutal.  Such  acts 
prove  what  the  Emperor  was,  and  also  what  the  peo- 
ple were.  Do  the  people  progress  ?  Would  such  a 
bight  be  permitted  in  this  day  and  age  ?  The  fanati- 
cal aristocrat  cannot  see  that  we  are  advancing  in 
morals.  Four  million  strong  will  say  as  they  say,  and 
do  as  they  do.  A  few  lines  will  be  r^ecessary  to  por- 
tray some  few  of  the  vices  of  Alexentius.  He  sup- 
pressed a  slight  rebellion  in  Africa.  The  governor 
of  a  province  had  been  guilty,  the  people  he  made  to 
suffer.     The  flourishing  cities  of  Cirtha  and  Carthage, 


2l8  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

and  the  whole  extent  of  that  fertile  country,  were 
wasted  by  fire  and  sword.  Heaven  protect  us  from 
such  rulers  !  Do  we  progress }  Are  we  more  moral 
than  they  ?  We  think  the  people  would  not  suffer 
their  ruler  to  do  such  a  great  crime.  But  we  will  have 
more  to  say  on  this  topic  after  a  while.  In  his  time 
he  inaugurated  bribery  and  corruption.  The  senators 
had  to  pay  initial  fees  of  money  for  their  offices. 
The  dishonor  of  the  wives  and  daughters  of  the  best 
families  gratified  his  lust,  and  when  persuasion  proved 
ineffectual  he  had  recourse  to  violence,  and  there  is 
one  memorable  example  of  a  noble  matron  who  pre- 
served her  chastity  by  a  voluntary  death.  O  shock- 
ins:  barbaritv,  for  such  to  rule, 

Maxentius  ordered  the  titles  of  Constantine  erased, 
and  his  statues  thrown  down,  which  Constantine  at 
first  did  not  appear  to  notice,  but  after  insult  on  insult, 
he  considered  that  it  was  proper  for  him  to  prepare  to 
defend  himself.  Maxentius  had  nearly  two  hundred 
thousand  men  armed,  and  he  was  preparing  to  engage 
the  forces  of  Constantine,  which  were  about  half  as 
many;  but  Constantine  could  spare  but  half  of  them 
to  combat  the  army  of  Maxentius,  so  that  Constantine 
had  about  a  fourth  ,as  many  soldiers  as  Maxentius. 
The  first  contest  was  at  Susa,  a  city  at  the  foot  of 
Mount  CenJs.  Constantine  took  it  by  assault,  and 
killed  the  greatest  part  of  the  garrison.  About  forty 
miles  from  there,  Constantine  met  a  few  lieutenants  of 
Maxentius.  An  engagement  with  them  resulted  in 
their  defeat,  and  very  few  of  them  escaped  the  sword 
of  the  soldiers  of  the  veterans  of  Constantine.  1  hey 
met  another  army  of  the  tyrant  at  Verona.  The  place 
was  well  fortified.  Constantine  left  a  few  of  his  men 
to  watch  the  enemy,  and  marched  to  meet  the  army 
of  Maxentius.  They  met  and  er.gaged  the  army  of 
Maxentius ;  the  battle  began  towards  the  close  of  the 
day,  and  continued  all  night.  The  return  of  day  man- 
ifested the  victory  of  Constantine.  The  field  was  cov- 
ered with  the  dead  bodies  of  the  army  of  Maxentius. 
The  general  of  Maxentius  was  found  among  the  slain. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         219 

Thearmies  met  at  Saxa  Rubra,  nine  miles  from  Rome, 
and  Constantine  charged  in  person  the  cavah-y  of  Max- 
entius,  and  defeated  them.  The  Praetorian  guards 
stood  their  ground  and  fought  like  tigers,  and  charged 
their  rivals  repeatedly,  but  they  could  not  retrieve  the 
day.  They  were  found  like  veteran  soldiers  on  the 
place  which  they  occupied  by  their  ranks.  The  con- 
fusion now  became  general.  Thousands  plunged  in 
the  river  Tiber.  The  emperor  endeavored  to  escape 
over  the  bridge,  but  the  crowd  forced  him  into  the 
river,  where  he  was  drowned  by  the  weight  of  his  ar- 
mor. He  was  found  next  day  sunk  in  the  mud,  his 
head  only  to  be  seen.  Constantine  put  to  death  the 
two  sons  of  the  tyrant,  and  carefully  extripated  his 
whole  race.  The  adherents  of  Maxentius  shared  the 
same  fate.  We  plainly  see  the  barbarian  protruberant 
throughout. 

The  Praetorian  guards  were  abolished  by  Constan- 
tine. This  was  the  best  act  he  ever  done  in  his  life. 
They,  the  guards,  had  done  more  to  hasten  the  de- 
cline and  fall  of  Rome  than  any  other  single  body  of 
troops  or  men,  and  they  had  been  increased  from  a  few 
thousand  to  near  one  hundred  thousand  men,  and 
now  they  were  forever  extinct.  Constantine  secured 
the  friendship  of  Licenius  by  promising  him  his  sister 
in  marriage;  her  name  was  Constantia.  Maximin 
moved  out  of  Syria  in  the  middle  of  winter;  the  cold 
was  severe  ;  a  great  many  men  and  horses  perished 
in  the  snow.  He  was  compelled  to  leave  behind  part 
of  his  heavy  baggage.  By  forced  marches  he  arrived 
on  the  Bosphorus  before  Licenius  was  apprised  of 
his  hostile  intentions.  He  took  Byzantiun  in  eleven 
days.  He  was  detained  some  days  under  the  walls  of 
Heracula,  and  he  had  no  sooner  taken  possession  of 
that  city  than  he  was  alarmed  to  hear  that  Licenius 
had  pitched  his  tent  only  eighteen  miles  from  his  own. 
Maximin  had  an  army  of  onlv  seventy  thousand  men, 
and  Licenius  had  but  thirty  thousand.  Maximin 
at  first  had  the  advantage,  but  the  superior  general- 
ship of  Licenius  turned  the  tide  of  battle.     Maximin 


2  20  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

was  defeated.  Maximin  retreated  one  hundred  and 
sixty  miles  in  cwenty-four  hours.  He  survived  his 
misfortunes  but  three  or  four  months.  His  death  was 
attributed  to  despair,  to  poison,  and  divine  justice.  He 
was  a  man  of  but  little  talent,  and  his  life  was  not  la- 
mented by  the  people  or  soldiers.  Licenius  murdered 
two  little  children  of  Maximin  ;  he  also  butchered 
Severinus.  It  only  manifested  bad  blood.  Candidi- 
anus  was  assassinated,  which  was  a  crime  of  the  black- 
est dye ;  it  was  cruel  and  ungrateful.  He  had  his 
blood  up  to  the  boiling  point.  He  murdered  the  wife 
and  daughter  of  Dioclesian,  the  former  Emperor. 
The  defeated  Emperor  wished  to  marry  a  rich  widow 
who  repulsed  him  ;  he  confiscated  her  estates,  tor- 
tured her  domestics  and  eunuchs.  Several  matrons 
were  put  to  death  on  false  accusations.  The  widow  her- 
self, with  her  mother  Prisca.  w^ere  exiled  to  the  deserts 
of  Syria.  After  the  death  of  Maximin  they  were  worse 
off  than  they  were  before.  Licenius  ordered  them  to 
be  beheaded,  and  their  bodies  thrown  into  the  sea. 
Such  was  the  fate  of  the  wife  and  daughter  of  Diocle- 
sian. How  can  a  man  say  that  we  are  not  progress- 
ing morally  } 

Not  long  ago  six  emperors  governed  Rome  ;  four  of 
them  are  dead  and  two  are  left;  they  are  Constantine 
and  Licenius,  the  first  father-in-law  of  the  second;  and 
they,  barbarians,  are  soon  going  to  war.  A  year  passed 
from  the  time  Maximin  died  to  the  time  the  two  re- 
maining emperors  engaged  in  bloody  strife.  Such  is 
the  reign  of  aristocracy,  they  are  not  satisfied  unless 
they  are  at  war ;  worse  than  brutes.  It  is  high  time 
that  aristocracy  is  extinct;  they  have  been  too  much 
damage  to  the  world,  nothing  but  robbery,  lying,  steal- 
ing, cheating,  swindling,  murdering,  killing  each  other, 
butchering  men,  women  and  children,  and  the  work- 
ing man's  turn  comes  next;  he  must  rule  with  justice, 
and  then  we  will  have  the  millenium.  But  before 
that  can  be  done  the  working  men  must  unite.  It  is 
the  greatest  folly  in  the  world  to  have  so  many  work- 
ingmen's  parties  ;  that  proves  the  barbarity  of  the  part 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OE    ARISTOCRACY.        22  1 

that  split.  They  have  aristocrats  that  lead  them.  Do 
not  make  fools  of  yourselves,  and  waste  your  strength 
by  division;  when  you  quit  that  you  will  soon  gain  the 
day.  That  now  is  the  great  lever  the  infernal  aristoc- 
racy have  ;  Divide  and  conqtier.  Use  discretion  and 
the  day  is  yours.  We  have  been  misgoverned  for  tens 
of  thousands  of  years,  and  think  of  the  misery,  poverty, 
distress,  hunger,  suffering,  nakedness,  murder,  all  done 
by  aristocracy,  by  cheating  the  workingman  out  of  his 
labor.  We  will  tell  you  how  the  infernal  knave  does 
it,  before  long.  But,  says  the  barbarian  serf  of  aris- 
tocracy, that  is  not  so.  What  have  you  read  in  our 
book  but  misgovernment,  war,  butchery,  all  done  by 
the  tartarean  aristocracy  }  How  can  you  think  of  the 
future  of  your  children,  the  toil,  the  slavery,  the  serf- 
dom they  have  to  endure,  when  the  diabolical  aristo- 
cratic knaves  are  living  in  the  greatest  splendor,  in  mag- 
nificent mansions,  dressed  in  the  finest  apparel,  having 
the  best  food  the  country  affords,  and  all  taken  from 
the  just  rewards  of  labor  .^^  How  can  you  think  of  these 
things,  without  having  an  inveterate  hatred  for  the 
scamps  who  bring  this  great  distress  on  humanity,  and 
that  done  by  those  who  do  no  work,  but  rob  those  that 
do  ?  If  you  have  any  feeling,  how  can  you  think  of 
it,  and  not  have  your  blood  come  to  fever  heat  ?  If 
you  have  a  soul  in  your  body,  you  must  think  of  the 
future  of  your  children.  Do  you  ever  think  of  it  .f* 
What  will  become  of  your  children,  when  you  see  the 
property  of  the  country  daily  going  into  the  hands  of 
a  few  Shylocks  }  And  we  sit  with  our  arms  folded,  and 
let  a  few  robbers  and  thieves  take  all  the  property. 
What  chance  will  our  children  stand  against  so  much 
capital,  when  they  have  but  little,  and  the  aristocracy 
has  the  purse  and  the  sword  }  Have  we  no  feeling, 
no  pity,  no  regard  for  our  children  and  posterity  } 
And  give  the  money  away  to  drones,  liars,  and  thieves, 
and  scoundrels  and  villains.  But,  says  the  tool  of  the 
drones,  we  do  not  give  our  money  away  to  them,  they 
earn  it.  It  is  a  falsehood,  and  we  will  show  to  any 
honest  man,  that  the  miscreant  aristocracy  is  getting 


222  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

the  money  of  the  land  by  subsidy,  and  pay  nothing  in 
return  ;  but  instead  of  paying,  use  that  very  money  to 
rob  us  of  our  little  property  that  we  have  left.  We 
will  show  that  and  much  more ;  and  they  are  teaching, 
and  have  made  their  tools  believe  it,  that  we  are  all 
dishonest,  and  that  we  are  going  back  to  barbarism. 
There  is  an  army  of  four  millions  strong  that  is  cor- 
rupting and  robbing  the  people.  And  are  we  acting  like 
men,  like  good  citizens,  to  let  such  heinous  work  go 
on,  and  not  make  an  effort  to  stop  it  .f*  It  looks  so. 
But  we  tell  you,  the  time  is  not  far  distant,  that  the 
workingmen  will  rise  in  their  might,  and  make  the 
drones  and  thieves  and  aristocracy  seek  their  hiding 
places,  and  be  afraid  to  show  their  faces. 

Out  of  six  emperors  but  two  were  left — Constantine 
and  Licenius — and  a  year  had  scarcely  rolled  around 
before  they  turned  their  arms  against  each  other.  It 
would  appear  by  the  constitutions  of  the  barbarians 
that  Constantine  was  the  aggressor ;  but  Licenius 
was  treacherous.  Constantine  saw  that  a  conspiracy 
was  formed  against  him.  The  tigers  with  their  armies 
met  for  the  first  battle  near  Cabalis.  They  had  but 
few  soldiers.  Licenius  had  thirty-five  thousand  men, 
and  Constantine  twenty  thousand.  Licenius  lost 
twenty  thousand,  as  many  as  Constantine's  army  was 
at  first,  and  retreated.  Licenius  collected  a  second 
army  at  Dacia  and  Thrace.  At  the  plain  of  Mardia 
the  second  battle  was  fought,  and  Constantine,  who 
directed  five  thousand  men  to  the  rear  of  the  army  of 
Licenius,  and  from  a  height  they,  during  the  heat  of 
the  action,  attacked  Licenius  in  the  rear.  The  troops 
made  a  double  front  and  maintained  their  ground  till 
night,  when  Licenius  retreated  to  the  mountains  of 
Macedonia.  The  loss  of  two  battles  and  his  brave 
veterans  took  the  tiger  out  of  Licenius;  he  sued  for 
peace.  Valens  had  been  associated  as  Emperor  by 
Licenius.  Constantine  demanded  his  abdication,  and 
after  a  few  days  Valens  was  deprived  of  his  office  and* 
of  his  life.  That  is  aristocracy  with  a  vengeance. 
Constantine  took  away  j^art  of  the  territory  over  which 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        223 

Licenius  reigned,  and  peace  was  made.  There  was  a 
horrid  practice  in  those  barbarian  days ;  it  was  fre- 
quent ;  it  was  the  effect  or  occasion  of  high  taxes  ;  it 
was  murdering  their  new-born  infants.  And  yet  the 
infamous  fanatic  and  aristocrat  will  say  that  we  are 
not  progressing.  But  Constantine  alleviated  the  dis- 
tress of  the  poor,  by  giving  them  relief  sufficient  to  as- 
sist them  to  keep  and  educate  their  children.  It  did 
not  do  the  good  intended.  Licenius  was  dissatisfied 
and  had  to  try  war  again.  He  was  the  aggressor;  he 
collected  fifty  or  sixty  thousand  men.  While  Con- 
stantine was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  the  city  of  Byzan- 
tium, he  transported  part  of  his  army  over  the  Bos- 
phorus.  A  decisive  battle  was  fought  on  the  heights 
of  Scrutaria.  The  troops  of  Licenius,  although  they 
were  lately  raised,  ill-armed  and  worse  disciplined, 
made  head  against  their  enemies  with  desperate  valor, 
till  a  total  defeat  and  slaughter  of  twenty-five  thousand 
men  had  been  killed,  which  determined  the  fate  of 
Licenius.  He  retired  to  the  country  of  Nicodemia 
Constantia,  the  sister  of  Constantine  and  the  wife  of 
Licenius.  She  obtained  a  promise  under  oath  that 
after  the  sacrifice  of  Marlinianus,  and  the  resignation 
of  Licenius  of  the  office  of  Emperor,  he  should  be  per- 
mitted to  pass  the  remainder  of  his  life  in  peace  and 
affluence.  He  was  sent  to  Thessalonia,  the  place  of 
his  exile.  His  confinement  is  soon  ended  by  death. 
It  appears  that  he  could  not  live  and  rest  in  peace  ;  it 
was  rumored  that  he  corresponded  with  some  suspic- 
ious persons,  and  it  is  not  stated  how  he  died.  His 
memory  was  branded  with  infamy,  his  statues  were 
thrown  down,  and  all  the  laws  and  judicial  proceed- 
ings of  his  reign  were  at  once  abolished.  He  was  a 
turbulent  and  destructive  tiger,  and  he  had  more  than 
his  equal  in  the  same  qualities  in  the  reigning  mon- 
arch, Constantine.  We  can  tell  why  the  mass  of  the 
people  are  so  willing  to  follow  the  edicts  of  aristocra- 
cy in  war  to  the  death,  and  we  will  give  our  reasons  at 
some  future  time  in  full. 

We  wish  the  readei   to  read  the  last  ten  pages  ov 


224  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

er  again,  and  then  see  what  he  thinks    of  aristocracy^ 
and  if  he  thinks  we  have  progressed  in  morals.     We 
think  astounding  work  has  been  made.    We  are  struck 
with  astonishment  at  such  wickedness,  such  diabolical 
barbarity  ;  and  still  the  four  millions  strong  will  say  we 
do  not  progress  in  morals,  and  that  we  are  going  back 
to  barbarism.     They  wish  us  to  go  back  on  the  savage 
trail  ;  they  never  traveled  any  other ;  that  is  one  rea- 
son that  they  say  we  are  going  back.     We  will  give 
you  an  insight  in  the  matter.     All  mankind  are  trav- 
eling forward  to  the  moral  standard,  no  two  on  the 
same  place.    As  no  two  faces  are  alike,  so  no  two  per- 
sons are  alike  in   morals.     We  will  say  that  there  is 
one  billion,  five  hundred  millions  of   people  on   the 
earth;  give  each  a  number  from  one  to  one   billion, 
five  hundred  millions,  according  to  his  standard  he  oc- 
cupies in  morals,  and  then    we  have  an  idea  of    the 
march  in  morals,  or  of  the  people  to  the  moral  eleva- 
tion  which  they  must  occupy  when  we  will  have  the 
millenium.     Aristocracy,  we  will  prove,  is  in  the  rear, 
and  in  company  with  barbarians  ;  in  fact,  we  will  prove 
that  they  are  barbarians,  and  always  will  be  savages 
and  barbarians  until  they  become  extinct.     As  a  per- 
son comes  to  the  highest  moral  standard,  he  will  assist 
those  next  to  him  to  ascend  to  his  plane,  and  when 
the  most  of  the  people  get  to  the  moral  plane,  the  mil- 
lenium  will  be  at  hand,  and  aristocracy  will  be  in  the 
rear  and  begin  to  die  off ;  and  as  they  see  the  moral 
people  ascending  the  Elysian  plane,  they  will  be  mad- 
dened  that  they  could  not  destroy  the  happiness  of 
mankind,  to  such  a  degree  that  they  will  give  up  the 
ghost  rapidly,  and  become  extinct,  and  go  to  Tartarus. 
Constantine    is  called  Constantine  the   Great,  but 
there    was  nothing  great   in    him.      He  had  won  per- 
haps ten  or  twelve  battles,  and  does  that  make  a  man 
irreat  ?      There  was  nothintj  brilliant  in  the  tactics  and 
strategy  of  the  battles  ;  and  if  there  was,  no  man  should 
be  called  great  for  that.'     We  cannot  see    where  the 
greatness  comes  in.      The   greatest  tyrant  and  despot 
generally  makes  a  good  general.     Maximin,  the  Scy- 


IMMORALITY  AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY.        2  25 

thian,  was  a  good  general,  but  as  ignorant  as  a  hog, 
and  no  better.  Alexander,  called  the  Great,  was  a 
wild  tiger,  and  as  ignorant  as  a  rustic.  Peter,  called 
the  Great,  was  as  ignorant  as  a  peon.  This  is  all 
wrong,  to  call  those  butchers  and  murderers  and  exe- 
cutioners great ;  it  is  wrong.  No  man  is  great  but 
the  honest,  moral,  and  intelligent  man.  Peter  the 
Great,  Alexander  the  Great,  Constantine  the  Great, 
Frederick  the  Great,  if  measured  by  the  true  standard, 
truth,  honor,  morality,  virtue  and  fidelity,  they  would 
sink  into  utter  insignificance.  They  do  not  scruple 
to  lie  when  it  is  for  their  interest.  We  must  not  re- 
spect any  person  who  is  not  moral ;  we  must  look 
down  on  all  liars,  and  villains,  and  knaves,  and  robbers, 
and  thieves,  and  swindlers,  and  those  who  live  without 
laboring — drones,  aristocrats ;  those  who  have  laws 
made  for  the  benefit  of  a  few,  and  are  burdensome  to 
the  laboring  men ;  laws  that  enable  the  drone  to 
make  thirty  to  sixty  per  cent,  on  his  capital;  we  must 
put  a  stop  to  that  infamy.  How  long  can  a  people 
prosper  with  such  work  operating?  I  ask  if  a  voter 
who  upholds  such  iniquity  is  an  honest  man  ;  I  ask  if 
he  has  common  sense.  We  say  he  is  a  knave  or  a 
fool.  Do  you  believe  that  thing  exists  }  A  class  mak- 
ing over  thirty  percent,  on  their  capital.  A  man  that 
knows  such  a  swindle,  and  still  votes  for  such  robbery 
and  theft,  is  worse  than  a  brute  ;  he  is  robbing  his  fel- 
low-man and  giving  it  to  the  drones.  Shame! — but 
they  have  no  shame.  How  long  will  it  take  before 
the  miscreants  who  get  such  great  profits  will  com- 
mand the  property  of  the  country  }  It  must  come,  all 
of  it,  from  the  products  of  labor.  We  will  give  you 
the  figures,  and  every  man  of  soul  will  be  astounded, 
but  the  four  millions  barbarians  will  not  believe  it. 
They  are  the  property,  body  and  soul,  of  the  infamous 
drones  and  aristocrats.  See  that  we  put  a  stop  to  that 
or  our  posterity  will  be  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers 
of  water.  Constantine  had  a  son  by  his  first  wife,  by 
the  name  of  Crispus.  The  people  and  the  army  loved 
him.     He  was  a  young  man  of  talent.     He  had  com- 

15 


2  26  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

manded  in  the  civil  war.  The  father  and  son  divided 
their  powers.  Crispus  commanded  the  fleet  against 
Licinus,  at  the  straits  of  the  Hellespont,  and  contrib- 
uted to  terminate  the  war.  The  father  became  jeal- 
ous of  the  son,  and  he  listened  to  rumors  that  had  no 
foundation  ;  such  as  he  had  made  improper  proposals 
to  his  step-mother.  Her  name  was  Fausta,  the  second 
wife  of  Constantine.  It  was  rumored  that  she  propos- 
ed to  Crispus,  by  a  set  of  brutes  in  those  days  who 
were  guilty  of  any  crime.  Fausta  was  charged  with  in- 
timacy with  her  stable  man,  and  steamed  in  a  hot  bath 
which  killed  her — a  new  mode  of  execution.  Crispus, 
by  the  orders  of  Constantine,  was  apprehended,  and 
the  examination  was  short  and  private.  He  was  sent 
to  Pola,  in  Istra,  and  executed  or  poisoned  ;  which,  no 
one  ever  could  learn. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY. 

Constantine  repented  that  he  had  murdered  his  son, 
and  said  that  he  had  condemned  him  unjustly,  and  he 
had  a  statue  of  gold  made  to  his  memory.  He  ap- 
pointed as  Emperors  three  of  his  sons,  and  two  nephews. 
Why  he  appointed  so  many,  we  cannot  solve.  In  his 
own  case  there  were  six,  and  five  of  them  came  to  un- 
timely deaths,  and  were  the  occasion  of  civil  wars,  and 
murder,  and  assassinations.  Constantine  reigned  thir- 
teen years  and  ten  months,  and  was  sixty-four  years 
old  when  he  died.  The  two  nephews  lived  but  a  short 
time  after  his  death.  Constantine  had  taken  an  oath 
to  protect  the  nephews,  but  he  sought  a  pretense  to 
violate  his  oath.  From  the  hands  of  the  Bishop  of 
Nicomedia,  he  received  a  scroll,  affirmed  to  be  a  gen- 
uine testament  of  his  father,  expressing  a  suspicion 
that  his  father  had  been  jDoisoned  by  his  brothers,  and 
conjured  his  sons  to  revenge  his  death,  and  to  consult 
their  own   safety   by    the    punishment  of    the  guilty. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         227 

The  bloody  soldiers  took  a  hand  in  the  murder,  and  the 
massacre  involved  the  two  nephews,  two  uncles  of  Con- 
stantine,  seven  of  his  cousins,  the  patrician  Optatus 
who  had  married  a  sister  of  the  late  Emperor,  and  the 
Prefect  Ablavius,  whose  power  and  riches  had  inspir- 
ed him  with  some  hopes  of  being  Emperor.  To 
make  the  matter  more  horrible,  Constantine  had  the 
daughter  of  one  of  the  murdered  uncles  for  his  wife, 
and  he  had  given  his  sister  in  marriage  to  his  assas- 
sinated cousin.  Nothing,  we  have  often  said,  is  too  low 
and  criminal  for  aristocracy  to  do,  and  we  prove  it, 
time  and  time  again.  How  can  a  man  be  so  ignorant 
and  stubborn,  and  contrary,  as  to  say  we  do  not  pro- 
gress in  morals  ;  but  aristocracy  will  say  anything  that 
it  wants  to.  So  Julian  charges  the  whole  weight  of  the 
massacre,  from  which  he  himself  so  narrowly  escaped, 
on  Constantine.  Constantine  reigned  six  years  and  then 
he  died.  The  lawful  heir  was  driven  into  exile,  the  Chris- 
tian priests  were  driven  into  exile,  or  murdered.  The 
barbarous  tribes  of  Albania  were  solicited  to  descend 
from  their  mountains,  and  two  of  the  most  powerful 
governors,  usurping  the  powers  of  royalty,  implored 
the  assistance  of  the  Persian  king.  Sapor,  and  opened 
the  gates  of  the  cities  to  the  Persian  garrison.  Veraz 
Shahpour,  a  perfidious  governor,  was  skinned  alive. 
The  armies  of  Rome  and  Persia  fought  nine  battles; 
two  of  them,  Constantius  commanded  in  person.  At 
the  battle  of  Singara,  the  Romans  had  the  advantage 
in  the  beginning.  The  Persians  retreated,  perhaps  to 
draw  the  Romans  to  an  advantageous  place  for  them, 
when  they  rushed  from  a  height  and  poured  their  ar- 
rows into  the  Romans.  History  informs  us  that  the 
Romans  were  vanquished  with  a  dreadful  slaughter. 
The  son  of  Sapor  had  been  made  prisoner  by  the  Ro- 
mans; he  was  heir  to  the  crown.  The  unhappy  youth, 
who  might  have  excited  the  compassion  of  the  most 
savage  enemy,  was  scourged,  tortured,  and  publicly  ex- 
ecuted by  the  inhuman  Romans.  Still,  while  Sapor 
had  gained  many  battles,  he  could  not  succeed,  as 
many  fortified  towns  in   Mesopotamia  and  the  city  of 


22  5  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

Nisibes  were  in  possession  of  the  Romans.   Nisibes  was 
a  large  and  populous  city.     Sapor  had  laid  siege  to 
this  city  twice,  and  failed  to  take  it.     He  advanced  for 
the  third   time  towards    Nisibes  with  a   large  force  of 
Persians  and  Indians.     He  at  first  attempted  to  batter 
the  walls  or  undermine  them,  but  the  Romans  prevent- 
ed them.     Next  he  dammed  the  river  below  the  city, 
and  with  high  dikes  on  each  side  of  the  city,  he  turned 
the  river  on   the  city.     The  water  rose  so  high   that 
the  Persians  in  their  boats  were  nearly  as  high  as  the 
top  of  the  walls.     The   force  of  the   water  broke  the 
walls  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet.     The    Persians 
then  assaulted  the  city.     The  heavy  armed  cavalry  who 
led  the  van  of  a  deep  column  were  in  the  mud,   and 
many  were  drowned   in  the  unseen  holes.      The   ele- 
phants, made  furious  by  their  wounds,  increased  the 
disorder,  and  trampled  down  in  the  mud  thousands  of 
their  archers.    The  great  king,  who,  from  a  high  throne 
saw  the  confusion  and  loss,  reluctantly  sounded  a  re- 
treat.    That  night  the  citizens  had  built  a  wall  six  feet 
high,  and  it  was  going  higher  to  fill  up  the  breach,  and 
the  barbarian  Sapor  had  to  raise  the  siege,  and  de- 
fend his    province    against  the    Massagelae.     He  lost 
twenty  thousand  soldiers.     Soon   a  peace   was  made 
with  Constantius,  which  was  welcome    to  both   barba- 
rians.    What  folly  these  fools  engage  in !    At  the  same 
time  Constantius  had  a  war  of  the  worst  class — a  civil 
war.     It  was  all  wars,  and   rumors  of   wars.     This  ex- 
cels  the   present  age.     We  fear  to  go  to  war — it  is  a 
calamity  that  takes  years  to  mend — a  catastrophe  that 
demoralizes  and  cripples  a  nation.     They,   the   barba- 
rians, were  almost  continually  engaged  in  slaughtering 
each  other  ;  and  when  we  said  that  the  aristocracy  was 
worse  than  brutes,  you  will   conclude  it  is  true.     The 
brutes  do  not  do  a  tithe  such  mischief  to  each  other. 
Constantius  exacted  from  Constans  the  cession  of 
the  African  provinces,  which   was  refused.      He  then 
broke  into  the  dominions  of   Constantine.     Constans 
betrayed,  by  the  pretense  of  flight,  his  brother  into  an 
aml^uscadc  in  a  wood,  where  he  was  surrounded  and 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        229 

killed.  So,  in  barbarian  times  did  brothers  war  and 
kill  each  other.  Constans  lived  some  years,  when  the 
revenge  of  his  brother's  death  was  reserved  for  a  more 
ignoble  hand  of  a  domestic  traitor.  He  was  celebrat- 
ing  his  son's  birthday.  The  feast  was  protracted  un- 
til late  at  niu:ht.  On  a  sadden  the  doors  were  thrown 
open,  Magentius  came  in  the  apartment  invested  with 
diadem  and  purple.  He  was  instantly  saluted  with 
the  titles  of  Augustus  and  Emperor.  The  guards 
took  the  oath  of  fidelity,  and  the  gates  were  shut,  and 
before  the  dawn  of  day  Magentius  was  master  of  the 
troops,  the  treasure  of  the  palace,  and  the  city  of  Au- 
tun.  The  Emperor,  at  this  time,  was  hunting  in  an 
adjacent  forest.  His  soldiers  deserting  him,  before  he 
could  reach  the  seashore  in  Spain,  where  he  intend- 
ed to  embark,  he  was  overtaken  near  Helena  by  a 
party  of  light  cavalry,  and  the  chief  of  the  cavalry 
murdered  him.  Magentius  was  acknowledged  through 
all  Gaul  and  Italy.  Vetranio  also  held  a  rank  in  the 
Empire;  he  took  the  crown  from  his  head  and  fell 
prostrate  at  the  feet  of  Constantius.  He  was  exiled 
to  the  city  of  Prusa,  where  he  lived,  apparently  hap- 
py ;  he  lived  six  years  in  ease  and  affluence.  Magen- 
tius was  not  so  easily  vanquished.  During  the  great- 
er part  of  the  summer  the  tyrant  of  Gaul  was  master 
of  the  field.  The  troops  of  Constantine  were  har- 
assed and  dispirited  ;  his  reputation  declined,  and  he 
solicited  a  treaty  of  peace.  But  the  haughty  usurper 
would  not  listen  to  peace,  but  insulted  Constantius  in 
many  ways.  A  body  of  cavalry  deserted  Magentius, 
before  the  battle  that  followed.  The  city  of  Mursa 
was  the  chosen  place  for  the  battle  of  the  two  barba-* 
rians.  The  field  of  Mursa  stood  on  a  naked  and  level 
plain.  On  this  ground  the  army  of  Constantius  formed. 
The  troops  of  both  sides  did  not  advance,  and  Con- 
stantius gave  the  command  of  the  army  to  his  gener- 
als. They  began  the  battle  on  the  left,  and  advanced 
the  cavalry  in  an  oblique  line.  They  suddenly  wheeled 
it  on  the  right  flank  of  the  enemy,  which  was  not  pre- 
pared to  resist   the  impetuosity  of  the   charge.     But 


230  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

the  Romans  of  the  west  soon  ralHed,  and  the  Ger- 
mans supported  their  ancient  bravery.  The  engage- 
ment soon  became  general,  and  was  maintained  with 
various  and  singular  turns  of  fortune,  and  scarcely 
ended  with  the  darkness  of  the  night.  The  cavalry 
of  Constantius  gained  the  battle.  His  cuirassiers  are 
described  as  so  many  massive  statues  of  steel,  with 
their  scaly  armor  glittering  and  their  ponderous  lanc- 
es breaking  the  firm  array  of  the  Gallic  legions.  As 
soon  as  the  legions  gave  way  the  lighter  and  more  ac- 
tive squadrons  of  the  second  line  rode,  sword  in  hand, 
into  the  intervals,  and  completed  the  disorder.  The 
Germans,  almost  naked,  were  exposed  to  the  deadly 
aim  of  the  oriental  archers,  and  whole  troops  of  them 
.  threw  themselves  into  the  rapid  stream  of  the  Drave. 
The  number  of  the  slain  was  computed  to  be  fifty-four 
thousand,  and  the  slaughter  of  the  conquerors  was 
more  than  the  vanquished,  which  proves  the  obsti- 
nacy of  the  contest.  That  is,  over  one  hundred  thou- 
sand slain,  all  for  who  shall  be  Emperor,  for  which 
the  people  cared  but  little.  These  were  Roman 
troops.  Here  was  a  large  army  butchered.  No  won- 
der that  the  Empire  declined.  See  what  an  infernal 
aristocracy  will  do.  Do  we  improve  ?  Do  the  peo- 
ple behave  so  now  ?  Yet  the  tartarean  aristocracy  will 
say  that  we  do  not  improve,  and  that  we  are  going 
back  into  barbarism.  Most  of  the  people  are  civil- 
ized, but  the  four  millions  strong  who  follow  their 
leaders  ;  and  they  can  not  go  back  into  barbarism,  for 
the  reason  that  they  never  were  out  of  barbarism. 
They  always  were  in  barbarism,  and  are  so  still. 
vVhat  we  have  written  of  are  examples  of  the  present 
aristocracy.  They  all  are  of  the  same  stygian  mate- 
rials ;  all  are  barbarian  saurians  and  infernal  brutes. 
We  would  soon  have  the  millenium  if  they  were  all 
extinct.  They  are  an  inestimable  damage  to  the 
world,  and  always  have  been. 

A  rash  youth  by  the  name  of  Nepolian  ;  he  was  the 
son  of  the  Eutropia,  and  the  nephew  of  the  eniperor 
Constantine  ;  he  armed  desperate  troops  of  slaves  and 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        23 1 

gladiators,  and  he  overpowered  the  feeble  domestic 
guard  of  Rome ;  received  the  homage  of  the  senate, 
and  assumed  the  title  of  Augustus,  and  reigned  twen- 
ty-eight days.  The  march  of  some  regular  forces  put 
an  end  to  his  ambitious  hopes.  Nepolian,  his  motiier, 
and  his  adherents  were  all  butchered,  and  the  pro- 
scription was  extended  to  all  who  had  contracted  an  al- 
liance with  Constantine,  or  his  family.  Such  is  aristoc- 
racy ;  ever  after  blood.  Magentius  was  still  marching 
at  the  head  of  quite  a  considerable  army.  On  the 
plains  of  Pavia,  Magentius  gained  a  victory  over  part 
of  the  army  of  Constantine,  but  he  was  reduced  by 
repeated  misfortunes,  and  in  vain  sued  for  peace  ;  Con- 
stantius  refused  to  listen  to  the  tyrant.  The  bloody 
combat  of  Mount  Selucus  weakened  the  forces  of 
Magentius,  so  that  he  was  unable  to  bring  another 
army  in  the  field,  and  he  saw  that  all  his  hopes  had 
vanished;  he  prevented  the  assassins  from  having  him 
as  a  victim  by  falling  on  his  sword.  The  aristocracy 
had  Mephistopheles  to  assist  them  in  these  infernal 
and  demoniacal  transactions,  but  we  all  can  now  see 
that  aristocracy  by  no  means  will  do.  Before  the  peo- 
ple can  have  peace,  and  happiness,  and  prosperity,  and 
honor,  and  liberty,  aristocracy  must  be  driven  from  the 
hive,  as  the  honey  bee  does  the  drones.  Sapor,  king  of 
Persia,  assaulted  the  city  of  Amida,  and  was  repulsed 
with  loss ;  then  he  besieged  it,  and  took  the  people  of 
the  place  ;  they  made  a  good  defense,  and  all  the  sol- 
diers, citizens,  wives,  and  children — all  who  did  not 
have  time  to  escape  through  the  opposite  gate,  were 
butchered.  This  assault  and  siege  cost  him  thirty 
thousand  of  his  soldiers,  and  the  siege  lasted  seventy- 
three  days.  In  the  spring,  the  butcher  Sapor  saw  that 
his  army  was  not  equal  to  his  ambition,  and  he  had  to 
content  himself  with  the  reduction  of  two  important 
cities  of  Mesopotamia,  Singara  and  Bezabde.  The 
one  was  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  sandy  desert ;  the 
other  on  a  small  peninsular,  surrounded  almost  on 
every  side  by  the  deep  and  rapid  stream  of  the  Tigris. 
Five  Roman  legions  were  made  prisoners,  and  sent  to 


232  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

the  extreme  confines  of  Persia.  He  dismantled  the 
walls  of  Singara.  Towards  the  close  of  the  campaign 
Sapor  assaulted  Vertha,  which  he  failed  to  take  ;  it 
was  considered  impregnable,  but  it  was  afterwards 
taken  by  Tamerlane ;  it  was  held  by  the  Arabs.  The 
barbarians  took  forty-five  cities  from  the  Romans,  and 
pillaged  them,  and  reduced  the  greater  part  of  them 
to  ashes.  Such  is  aristocracy — barbarians  against  bar- 
barians ;  fire  and  sword,  and  murder  and  assassina- 
tion. Do  we  progress  in  morals  }  We  think  we 
have  proved  the  immorality  and  infamy  of  aristocracy, 
and  more  ;  we  have  proved  that  they  were  and  are  bar- 
barians, and  do  not  deserve  the  respect  of  honorable 
and  virtuous  citizens  ;  and  Julian  was  in  command  of 
the  army  against  the  Alemanni.  On  a  rainy  day  they 
charged  the  rear  guard  of  the  Roman  army,  and  de- 
stroyed two  legions  of  the  army ;  it  was  carelessness 
of  the  Roman  emperor  that  caused  it. 

The  Roman  world  at  this.time  was  under  consider- 
able excitement  about  religion.  There  were  many 
sects,  and  they  were  in  conflict  with  each  other,  and 
some  of  them  with  soldiers.  The  Paphligonians  were 
armed  with  scythes  and  axes,  and  at  one  time  four 
thousand  soldiers  were  butchered  with  those  weapons. 
Whole  troops  of  those  styled  heretics  were  massacred, 
and  towns  and  villages  were  laid  waste  and  utterly  de- 
stroyed. The  flames  of  Arian  controversy  consumed 
the  vitals  of  the  empire.  A  venerable  bishop  said : 
"  The  enmity  of  the  Christians  toward  each  other  sur- 
passed the  fury  of  wild  beasts  against  man."  Several 
temples  of  Phoenicia  were  demolished,  in  which  every 
mode  of  prostitution  was  in  the  light  of  day  practiced 
to  the  honor  of  Venus.  Plato  said  a  monarch  who 
reigns  should  enlighten  his  mind,  regulate  his  passions, 
and  subdue  the  wild  beast  which,  accordinor  to  Aris- 
totle.  seldom  fails  to  ascend  the  throne  of  a  despot. 
W^e  will  notice  some  of  the  tyranny  and  bloody  work 
of  a  few  of  the  tyrants.  The  chamberlain,  Eusebius, 
who  so  longhad  abused  the  favorof  Constantine,  expiat- 
ed by  an  ignominious  death  the  insolence,  the  corruption 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        233 

and  cruelty  of  his  servile  reign.  The  execution  of  Paul 
and  Apodemius  (the  former  of  whom  was  burnt  alive) 
was  accepted  as  an  inadequate  atonement  by  the  wid- 
ows and  orphans  of  so  many  hundred  Romans,  whom 
those  legal  tyrants  had  betrayed  and  murdered.  But 
justice  herself  (if  we  may  use  the  pathetic  words  of 
Ammanus)  appeared  to  weep  over  the  fate  of  Ilrsulus, 
the  treasurer  of  the  empire,  and  his  blood  accused  the 
magistrate  of  Julian,  whose  distress  had  been  relieved 
by  his  liberality.  The  numerous  army  of  spies,  of 
agents  and  informers,  enlisted  by  Constantine  to  se- 
cure the  repose  of  one  man,  and  to  interrupt  that  of  mil- 
lions, was  disbanded  by  his  successor.  Julian  was  a 
pagan  ;  he  believed  in  the  gods  of  ^Athens  and  Rome, 
which  was  his  ruling  passion.  He  wrote  much  on  re- 
ligion, and  the  phantoms  which  existed  only  in  the 
mind  of  the  emperor  had  a  real  and  pernicious  effect 
on  the  government  of  the  empire.  He  was  educated 
in  the  Christian  religion,  ^and  when  he  argued  on 
these  topics,  he  took  the  side  of  paganism.  His  ex- 
cuse was,  that  by  taking  the  weaker  side,  his  learning 
could  be  more  displayed.  His  brother,  who  was  older 
than  Julian,  was  murdered  by  Constantine;  his  name 
was  Gallus  ;  Constantine  intended  to  murder  Julian  at 
the  time  Gallus  was  killed,  but  his  wife  earnestly  en- 
treated him  to  save  Julian,  and  she  persuaded  Con- 
stantine to  spare  the  life  of  Julian  ;  he  was  quite  young 
then.  We  can  get  but  little  material  for  the  above 
fact  to  put  in  our  book.  Julian  was  a  scholar  and  a 
philosopher,  and  his  reign  was  mild,  and  but  little  of 
the  barbarian  is. shown.  Notwithstanding  the  modest 
silence  of  Julian  himself,  we  may  learn  from  his  faithr 
ful  friend,  the  orator  Libanius,  that  he  lived  in  a  per- 
petual intercourse  with  the  gods  and  goddesses;  that 
they  descended  upon  earth  to  enjoy  the  conversation 
of  their  favorite  hero;  that  they  gently  interrupted  his 
slumbers  by  touching  his  hand  or  his  hair;  that  they 
warned  him  of  every  impending  danger,  and  conducted 
him  by  their  infallible  wisdom  in  every  action  of  his 
life,  and  that  he  had  acquired  such  an  intimate  knowl- 


234  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

edge  of  his  heavenly  guests,  as  to  readily  distinguish 
the  voice  of  Jupiter  from  that  of  Minerva,  and  the 
form  of  Apollo  from  the.  figure  of  Hercules.  This 
tells  something  of  the  state  of  the  soundness  of  the  in- 
tellect of  the  ancient  barbarians.  It  appears  that  we 
have  progressed  a  few  steps  and  bounds,  and  are  a 
long  way  ahead  of  those  dreamers.  Julian  could  awake 
from  those  visionary  and  silly  dreams  and  attend  to 
business.     Strano-e  fanaticism  ! 

During  this  time  there  was  much  strife  and  conten- 
tion between  the  Christians  and  pagans,  and  many  acts 
of  cruelty  were  committed  by  both  sects,  and  Julian 
had  his  temper  sometimes  rufifled.  The  pagans  sus- 
pected that  the  Christians  had  been  the  incendiaries, 
but  no  proof  had  been  introduced  to  that  effect,  so  the 
Christians  were  not  molested.  Much  trouble  was  ex- 
cited by  the  pagans  claiming  remuneration  for  the 
pagan  temples  that  had  been  destroyed,  and  the  Chris- 
tians were  charged  with  the  destruction  of  those  tem- 
ples. The  amount  of  damage  was  enormous — more 
than  the  Christians  could  pay.  A  move  was  made  to 
build  a  pagan  temple  on  one  of  these  lots,  but  it  was 
not  finished.  Much  zeal  was  manifested  on  both  sides 
in  those  days,  and  the  emperor,  being  a  pagan,  made 
the  matter  worse.  The  Roman  army  took  the  fortress 
of  Maogamalca,  and  razed  the  fortifications  to  the 
ground,  and  the  garrison  were  massacred  ;  the  governor 
was  burnt  alive  for  using  disrespectful  language  to 
some  prince.  The  Persians  were  rich  in  silver  and 
gold ;  they  had  beds  and  tables  of  massive  gold.  A 
solemn  sacrifice  was  offered  to  the  god  of  war  ;  but  the 
pagan  god  of  war  frowned  on  Julian.  He  saw  bad 
omens  ;  a  meteor  shot  through  the  sky  and  disappeared. 
The  Persians  harassed  his  retreat  and  pressed  heavily 
on  his  flanks  and  rear.  Julian  rode  to  the  rear,  and 
then  he  rode  through  the  army  to  the  front.  A  javel- 
in struck  the  emperor  in  his  side,  and  pierced  his  liver; 
it  was  a  mortal  wound.  He  died  like  a  perfect  man. 
He  said:  "  Detesting  the  corrupt  and  destructive  max- 
isms  of  despotism,  1  have  considered  the  happiness  of 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        235 

the  people  as  the  end  of  government."  Jovian  was 
chosen  emperor.  A  peace  was  soon  made.  Five 
provinces  were  given  up  to  the  Persians,  and  the  strong 
garrison  that  Sapor  had  vainl}^  assaulted  three  times 
was  also  given  to  the  barbarian  Sapor ;  Singara  was 
also  given  to  the  Persian  King,  and  the  people  of  Isi- 
bis  were  given  but  three  days  to  leave  the  cit}^  What 
confusion  and  loss  there  was  in  leaving  the  city;  noth- 
ing but  the  most  useful  articles  could  be  taken  awa}'-. 
They  settled  in  the  new  city  of  Amida,  which  soon  be- 
came the  capital  of  Mesopotamia.  So  we  can  see  how 
barbarism  operates;  whole  cities  have  to  migrate;  cru- 
elty is  not  noticed  by  barbarians.  Aristocracy  has  no 
feelings,  the  drones  have  no  sympathy  for  humanity, 
no  care  for  the  welfare  of  their  class,  they  only  look 
out  for  themselves.  Rome  went  to  destruction  rapid- 
ly. This  campaign  was  under  Jovian.  The  pagan  re- 
ligion prevailed,  although  Jovian  was  a  Christian.  Jo- 
vian died  a  natural  death,  and  after  ten  days,  Valentin- 
ean  was  chosen  emperor.  He  had  acquired  a  for- 
tune in  the  military  commands  in  Africa  and  Britian, 
and  retired  with  a  suspicious  integrity.  He  associated 
his  brother  Valens  in  the  purple  with  him,  and  gave 
him  part  of  the  empire.  Procopius  rebelled,  and  en- 
deavored to  take  by  force  the  office  of  emperor  from 
Valens.  At  first  he  made  some  headway,  but  it  did  not 
last  long.  His  soldiers  deserted  him,  and  he  was  left 
almost  alone.  He  wandered  some  time  in  the  woods 
of  Phrygia;  he  was  betrayed  by  his  desponding  follow- 
ers, and  conducted  to  the  imperial  camp  and  beheaded. 
Such,  indeed,  are  the  common  and  natural  fruits  of 
aristocracy  and  rebellion.  But  the  inquisition  into 
the  crime  of  magic  was  fatal  to  thousands,  and  proved 
the  depravity  of  aristocracy  ;  and  the  cruelty  which 
was  exercised  by  the  conqueror  under  the  forms  of  le- 
gal justice  excited  the  pity  and  indignation  of  the  Em- 
pire, which  was  inflicted  on  the  rebels.  The  historian 
does  not  give  the  details  of  these  cruelties,  but  they 
no  doubt  were  of  an  odious,  inhuman  character,  such 
as  the  aristocracy  only  can  invent;  and  what  they  will 


236  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

not  do  in  villainy  we  expect  never  to  hear  of  being 
done.  But  we  must  follow  the  historian  a  step  or  two 
more  in  this  magic.  It  is  somewhat  of  the  nature  of 
witchcraft,  that  created  such  an  excitement  in  the  East 
many  years  ago,  and  that  cost  many  lives.  But  such 
is  aristocracy — fanatic,  infamous  and  bloodthirsty ! 
This  magic  was  about  the  same  as  fortune-telling, 
which  has  always  been  practiced  in  every  age,  coun- 
try and  clime.  The  city  of  Delphi  had  a  temple  ded- 
icated to  Apollo,  to  which  men  and  women  of  all 
classes  went  who  could  afford  to  pay  the  fee,  which 
was  not  reo^ular,  but  must  have  been  excessive,  as  a 
sum  of  money  amounting  to  over  eight  million  dollars 
had  accumulated  there.  But  in  this  magic  they  went 
farther  than  our  fortune-tellers  can,  or  pretend  to  go 
at  this  late  day.  They  gave  decotions  of  herbs  which 
were  supposed  to  possess  a  more  than  ordinary  power, 
said  to  be  supernatural.  The  Emperors  had  in- 
formers over  the  country,  and  the  more  executions 
that  were  related,  the  better  judges  they  were  supposed 
to  be.  An  acquittal  was  a  rare  case.  Every  perse- 
cution opened  new  subjects.  The  informer  whose 
falsehood  was  detected  went  scot  free;  that  encour- 
aged more  informers.  From  the  extremities  of  Asia 
and  Italy  the  young  and  the  aged  were  dragged  in 
chains  to  the  tribunals  o(  Rome  and  Antioch.  Sena- 
tors, matrons  and  philosophers  expired  in  ignomin- 
ious tortures.  The  soldiers  who  were  appointed  to 
guard  the  prisons  declared,  with  a  murmur  of  pity,  that 
they  wanted  more  soldiers  to  guard  the  prisons.  The 
wealthiest  families  were  ruined  by  fines  and  confisca- 
tion, and  in  some  of  the  provinces  the  prisoners,  the 
exiles  and  the  fugitives  formed  the  greater  part  of  the 
inhabitants.  This  law,  no  doubt,  was  made  to  make 
money  out  of  Aristocracy  had  a  good  thing.  No 
fish  will  fly  at  a  hook  well  baited,  so  fiercely  as  the  ar- 
istocracy will  after  filthy  lucre. 

The  Alemanni  were  a  warlike  nation  ;  the  Romans 
had  a  great  deal  of  trouble  with  them ;  they  were  Ger- 
mans.    They  crossed  the    Rhine  in    mid-winter,    at- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        237 

tacked  the  Romans,  killed  two  counts,  and  the  stand- 
ard of  Heruli  and  Batavians  fell  into  their  hands. 
The  standard  was  recovered.  The  troops  were  as- 
sembled, and  the  Batavians  were  enclosed  within  a 
circle  of  the  imperial  army.  Valerian  degraded  them 
from  their  rank,  stripped  off  their  arms,  and  condemned 
them  to  be  sold  as  slaves  to  the  highest  bidder.  The 
troops  fell  prostrate  on  the  ground,  and  protested  that 
they  should  receive  another  trial,  which  was  granted. 
Jovinus  took  the  command  of  them.  At  the  head  of 
a  well-disciplined  army  of  cavalry,  infantry  and  light 
troops,  he  advanced  with  caution  to  Scarponna,  where 
he  surprised  a  large  division  of  the  Alemanni  before 
they  had  time  to  run  to  their  arms.  Another  army  of 
the  enemy,  after  the  cruel  and  wanton  devastation  of 
the  adjacent  country,  reposed  themselves  on  the  shady 
banks  of  the  Moselle.  Jovinus,  who  had  surveyed  the 
ground,  made  a  silent  approach  through  a  deep  and 
woody  vale,  till  he  could  distinctly  see  the  indolent  se- 
curity of  the  Germans.  Some  of  them  were  bathing, 
some  were  combing  their  long  and  flaxen  hair,  others 
were,  drinking  wine.  On  a  sudden  they  heard  the 
Roman  trumpet ;  they  saw  the  Roman  soldiers  in 
their  camp  ;  they  fled  in  confusion  and  dismay,  and 
they  were  pierced  by  the  swords  and  javelins  of  the 
Romans.  The  fugitives  escaped  to  the  third  and 
principal  camp  in  the  Catalonian  plains,  near  Chalons 
in  Campagna.  The  straggling  detachments  were 
hastily  called  to  their  proper  places,  and  the  chiefs, 
alarmed  and  admonished  by  the  fate  of  their  compan- 
ions, prepared  to  encounter  in  a  decisive  battle  the 
victorious  forces  of  the  lieutenant  of  Valentinian. 
The  bloody  and  obstinate  conflict  lasted  a  whole  day, 
with  equal  valor  and  alternate  success.  The  Romans 
at  length  prevailed,  with  a  loss  of  twelve  hundred  men. 
Six  thousand  of  the  Alemanni  were  killed  and  four 
thousand  wounded.  The  triumph  of  the  Romans  was 
sullied  by  the  treatment  of  their  captive  king,  whom 
they  hung  on  a  gibbet.  This  disgraceful  act  was  im- 
puted to  the  fury  of  the  troops,  and  it  was  followed  by 


238  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

the  deliberate  murder  of  Withicab,  the  son  of  Vado- 
mire,  a  German  prince  of  a  weak  and  sickly  constitu- 
tion, but  of  a  daring  and  formidable  spirit.  Such  is 
barbarism ! 

In  the  second  year  of  the  reign  of  Valentinian  and 
Valens,  on  the  morning  of  the  twenty-first  of  July,  the 
greatest  part  of  the  Roman  world  was  shaken  by  a  vi- 
olent and  destructive  earthquake.  The  impression  was 
communicated  to  the  waters.  The  shores  of  the  Medit- 
erranean were  left  dry  by  the  sudden  retreat  of  the  sea, 
and  great  quantities  of  fish  were  caught  by  the  hand  ; 
larse  vessels  were  stranded  in  the  mud,  and  mountains 
and  valleys  were  seen  that  the  eye  of  no  human  being 
had  ever  seen  before.  But  the  tide  soon  returned 
again.  Boats  were  lodged  on  the  house-tops,  and  some 
two  miles  from  shore ;  and  in  the  city  of  Alexandria, 
fifty  thousand  persons  lost  their  lives  in  the  inunda- 
tion. It  was  the  custom  to  attribute  every  remarkable 
event  to  the  particular  will  of  the  deity,  and  the  most 
distinguished  divines  could  distinguish  that  heresy 
tended  to  produce  an  earthquake,  or  that  a  deluge  was 
the  consequence  of  sin  and  error.  In  ancient  times  the 
people  attributed  more  to  the  dispensations  of  provi- 
dence than  they  do  at  this  day;  or  it  appears  the  more 
enlightened  man  became,  the  less  the  Creator  manifest- 
ed his  providence  ;  and  the  more  ignorant  a  man  is,  the 
more  he  knows  and  discourses  about  the  Creator.  So 
it  appears  the  more  ignorant  a  person  is  the  more  he 
knows  about  the  inscrutable  mysteries  of  the  Deity, 
and  he  can  tell  all  about  his  attributes.  Without  dis- 
cussing these  mysteries,  we  will  find  enough  on  this 
earth  of  solid  and  useful  matter  to  discuss  and  exam- 
ine, and  use  our  reason  upon,  than  we  will  find  by  con- 
tending about  abstractions  we  cannot  comprehend; 
and  this  one  suggestion  will  be  well  for  the  working 
man  to  consider.  That  man  is  man's  greatest  fiend. 
And,  as  the  historian  says,  "  Man  has  much  more  to 
fear  from  the  passions  of  his  fellow  creatures  than  from 
the  convulsions  of  the  elements."  Or,  in  a  few  words, 
aristocracy  has  l^cen  more  damage  to  the  human  race 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       239 

than  earthquakes,  deluges,  hurricanes,  tornadoes,  volca- 
noes all  together.  We  wish  to  impress  this  fact  indel- 
ibly on  the  minds  of  the  working  men.  Large  stand- 
ing armies  kept  to  coerce  the  laborer  when  and  while 
he  is  robbed  by  the  infernal  thieves,  large  and  costly 
navies,  taxes  twice  what  they  should  be,  banking  on 
government  bonds,  tariff  four  times  what  it  should  be, 
freight  and  fares  on  railroads  double,  war  the  inhuman 
butchery,  these  all  are  the  machines  of  aristocracy. 

About  this  time  the  Huns,  in  the  northern  part  of 
Asia,  conquered  the  Goths,  and  drove  them  out  of  the 
country.  Such  is  the  barbarism  of  aristocracy.  They 
petitioned  the  Roman  emperor  Valens  to  let  them  culti- 
vate the  waste  land  in  the  Empire.  It  took  a  long  time 
to  make  the  stipulations ;  and  one  was  that  the  Goths 
should  not  take  their  arms  over  the  Danube  ;  but  the 
Goths  agreed  to  give  their  wives  and  daughters  to  the 
Romans  for  a  short  time.  The  charms  of  a  beautiful 
maid,  or  lady,  blinded  the  eyes  of  the  inspectors,  and 
the  Goths  were  allowed  to  carry  their  arms  with  them 
across  the  Danube.  The  government  transported 
them  across  the  river  Danube,  and  it  took  several  days 
and  nights  to  ferry  them  across  the  river.  The  Ro- 
mans were  making  weapons  to  kill  themselves,  as  we 
will  see.  There  were  in  all,  men,  women,  and  slaves,  and 
children,  nearly  one  million  of  human  beings.  More 
barbarians,  wished  to  come,  but  were  refused.  The 
Goths  had  to  be  boarded,  and  those  that  had  the  man- 
agement of  the  provisions  were  a  venal  set,  and  furnish- 
ed dogs  and  unclean  animals,  and  they,  the  agents,  furn- 
ished so  scantily  that  the  Goths,  in  some  cases,  sold  their 
daughters  for  food.  The  Ostrigoths  transported  with- 
out opposition  their  king  and  their  army,  and  boldly 
fixed  a  hostile  and  an  independent  camp  on  the  terri- 
tory of  the  Empire.  Soon  there  was  a  trouble  be- 
tween the  townsmen,  soldiers,  and  the  Goths.  Lupici- 
nus  had  invited  the  Gothic  chiefs  to  a  splendid  enter- 
tainment, and  their  martial  train  remained  under 
arms  at  the  entrance  of  the  palace;  but  the  gates  of  the 
city  were  strictly   guarded,  and  the    barbarians  were 


240  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

sternl)^  excluded  from  the  use  of  a  plentiful  market, 
and  as  they  were  rejected,  their  food  was  exhausted. 
The  townsmen,  the  soldiers,  and  the  Goths  soon  be- 
came involved  in  difficulty.  A  blow  was  given;  a 
word  was  drawn,  and  blood  was  split  which  caused  a 
long  and  destructive  war.  Lupicinus,  who  was  filled 
with  wine,  ordered  that  the  guards  of  the  Goths  should 
be  massacred.  The  dying  groans  and  shouts  of  the 
multitude  apprised  Fritigern,  the  leader  of  the  Goths, 
that  he  was  lost,  if  he  allowed  a  moment  of  delibera- 
tion to  the  man  who  had  so  deeply  injured  him.  Frit- 
igern and  his  companions  drew  their  swords  ;  opened 
a  passage  through  the  crowd  ;  mounted  their  horses, 
and  vanished  from  the  eyes  of  the  Romans.  The  gen- 
erals of  the  Goths  resolved  on  war  immediately,  and 
the  trumpet  sounded. 

The  children  of  the  Goths  who  had  been  sold  into 
captivity  were  restored  to  their  parents ;  they  told  ter- 
rible tales  of  the  ill-treatment  they  had  been  subject  to; 
and  the  barbarians  subjected  the  sons  and  daughters  of 
the  Romans  to  the  same  cruelties.  The  Romans  man- 
aged the  barbarians  badly,  and  they  found  that  it  cost 
them  dearly.  Valens  determined  to  take  the  field  in 
person  against  the  barbarians.  The  Romans  were  at 
war  with  the  Persians  at  this  time.  Valens  sent  three 
of  his  generals  to  command  in  Persia,  and  he  himself 
marched  against  the  barbarians.  They  were  encamped 
on  the  mouth  of  the  Danube.  They  had  been  killing 
and  plundering  the  people  of  the  surrounding  country, 
and  they  were  enjoying  the  spoils  of  the  province. 
Fritigern  saw  the  Romans  near  his  army.  He  noticed 
that  the  numbers  were  continually  increasing.  He 
called  in  his  predatory  parties  ;  as  soon  as  they  saw  the 
flaming  beacons  they  obeyed  their  leader.  The 
camp  was  filled  with  the  martial  crowd  of  barbarians. 
The  conflict,  which  began  and  ended  with  the  light, 
was  maintained  on  both  sides  with  strength  and  valor. 
The  legions  of  Armenia  supported  their  fame  in  arms, 
but  they  were  oppressed  by  the  weight  of  the  hostile 
multitude.     The  left  wino-  of  the  Romans  was  thrown 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCKaCV.        24 1 

into  disorder,  and  the  field  was  strewn  with  their  man- 
gled bodies.  This  partial  defeat  was  balanced  by  par- 
tial success,  and  at  night  no  one  could  claim  a  victory. 
The  real  loss  was  most  severely  felt  by  the  Romans, 
as  they  had  the  least  numbers,  but  the  Goths  were  so 
confounded  and  dismayed  by  this  vigorous  attack  that 
they  remained  seven  days  within  the  circle  of  their  for- 
tification. The  of^cers  of  rank  were  buried,  but  the 
common  soldiers  were  unburied  on  the  plain.  Bar- 
barism will  show  itself.  The  birds  of  prey  devoured 
part  of  their  carcasses,  and  their  bones  were  left  to 
whiten  the  plains.  The  Romans  intended  to  besiege 
the  Goths,  and  starve  them  in  that  place  ;  but  intelli- 
gence was  received  that  new  swarms  of  barbarians  had 
passed  the  Danube  to  support  the  Goths,  and  the  ap- 
prehension that  the  barbarians  would  surround  and 
overwhelm  the  Romans  compelled  them  to  relinquish 
the  siege  of  the  Gothic  camp,  and  the  indignant  hordes 
left  their  camp,  satiated  their  hunger  and  revenge  by 
the  repeated  devastation  of  the  fruitful  country  which 
extends  above  three  hundred  miles  from  the  banks  of 
the  Danube  to  the  Hellespont. 

Another  battle  was  fought  near  the  town  of  Colmar, 
on  the  plains  of  Alsae.  The  Romans,  by  their  evolu- 
tions, gained  the  victory,  and  the  Alemanni,  who  long 
maintained  their  ground,  lost  nearly  all  their  army — 
five  thousand  only  escaped  to  the  woods  and  moun- 
tains. Their  king  was  among  the  slain.  Sebastian 
with  a  select  army,  surprised  a  large  body  of  Gauls  in 
their  camp.  The  spoil  that  was  taken  was  immense ; 
it  filled  the  city  of  Adrianople  and  the  adjacent  plain. 
The  emperor.  Valens,  took  command  of  the  army  in 
person.  He  had  a  large  army,  many  of  whom  were 
veterans,  and  his  march  to  Adrianople  was  well  con- 
ducted. His  camp,  which  was  pitched  under  the  walls 
of  Adrianople,  was  fortified  with  a  ditch  and  rampart. 
The  army  that  slaughtered  the  Alemanni  was  march- 
ing to  form  a  junction  with  Valens.  The  Goths  sent 
a  minister  to  confer  with  Valens,  but  nothing  was  ef- 
fected, and  Valens  was  so  ardent  to  exemplify  his  valor 


242  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

and  his  martial  qualities,  that  he  would  not  wait  for  the 
arrival  of  the  forces  of  his  nephew — he  acted  like  asilly 
dunce.  With  the  forces  of  his  nephew,  he  could  have 
gained  a  victory.  He  acted  like  the  dunce  Napoleon, 
at  Waterloo,  when  he  sent  over  thirty  thousand  of  his 
forces  (nearly  half  as  many  as  that  of  the  enemy)  on  a 
fool's  errand,  that  he  might  "  measure  himself  with 
Wellington,"  and  he  did  measure  himself  to  his  ruin. 
And  so  it  happened  with  Valens.  The  Gothic  general 
was  disposed  to  procrastinate,  and  he  could  have  de- 
layed a  day  or  two  and  nearly  exterminated  the  Goths, 
as  his  nephew  did  the  Alemanni.  But  he  measured 
himself  with  the  Goths  for  the  last  time.  On  the  ninth 
day  of  August,  378,  the  Goths  delayed  all  they  could, 
as  they  expected  recruits — and  they  soon  came,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  the  action.  Valens  began  the 
actii)n.  The  hasty  attack  was  made  by  a  band  of 
archers  and  targeteers ;  they  advanced  with  rashness, 
and  retreated  with  disgrace.  The  reinforcements  the 
Goths  expected  came,  and  swept  across  the  plain  like 
a  whirlwind.  The  Roman  cavalry  fled  ;  the  infantry 
was  surrounded  and  all  cut  to  pieces.  Valens  was 
wounded  and  carried  to  a  house  near  by.  The  Goths 
set  fire  to  a  pile  of  dry  faggots,  and  burnt  the  house 
the  emperor,  Valens  was  in,  and  his  adherents.  That 
was  the  last  of  Valens. 

A  smart  fanatic  said  :  "  The  indiQ:nation  of  the  gods 
has  been  the  only  cause  of  the  success  of  our  enemies." 
A  keen  Pagan  he  must  have  been,  and  a  perfect  bar- 
barian no  doubt  he  was,  and  no  doubt  he  was  an  aris- 
tocrat; they  know  all  about  the  gods,  then  and  at  all 
times.  The  barbarous  Goths  heard  that  the  Roman 
treasure  was  at  the  city  of  Adrianople.  They  were  so 
elated  with  their  success  that  they  assaulted  the  city, 
and  after  their  assault,  which  was  furious  for  about 
two  hours,  they  massacred  about  three  hundred  Ro- 
man deserters,  and  left  the  city.  Many  no  doubt  were 
killed.  No  doubt  much  treasure  was  stowed  away  at 
y\drianople.  The  ( ioths  failed  to  get  any  of  it.  The 
hisioiian  says  that  above  two-thirds  of  the  Roman  ar- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       243 

my  was  destroyed  at  Cannae,  5,630  on  horse,  and  70,- 
000  on  foot  were  slain;  so,  the  barbarian  aristocrats. 
At  Adrianople,  two-thirds  of  the  Roman  army  were 
said  to  have  been  destroyed.  The  barbarians  next 
went  to  Constantinople.  They  were  astonished  at  the 
elegance  of  the  city,  the  height  and  extent  of  the  walls, 
and  the  many  wealthy  citizens;  but  their  surprise  was 
soon  changed  to  affright  by  a  party  of  the  Saracens 
who  were  enoaged  in  the  service  of  Valens.  The  Goths 
were  forced  to  yield  to  the  Arabian  cavalry ;  they  ex- 
celled them  in  the  swiftness  of  their  horses  and  in 
their  evolutions,  also  in  their  fierceness.  A  Goth  was 
slain  by  the  dagger  of  an  Arab,  and  the  hairy,  naked 
savage  applied  his  lips  to  the  wound,  expressed  a  hor- 
rid delight  while  he  sucked  the  blood  of  his  slain  ene- 
my. The  Goths,  laden  with  spoils  of  the  suburbs, 
slowly  moved  off  to  the  mountains.  We  can  see  the 
work  of  barbarian  aristocracy  very  plainly,  and  we  can 
very  plainly  perceive  that  we  have  progressed  far  in 
advance  of  that  barbarous  aristocracry,  in  morals. 
What  do  you  say  ?  Talk  of  barbaism  !  Caesar,  the 
Romans'  idol,  boasted  that  he  had  put  to  death  the 
whole  senate  of  the  Veneti,  who  had  yielded  to  his 
mercy,  and  that  he  had  forty  thousand  persons  massa- 
cred at  Bourges,  and  that  he  labored  to  exterminate  a 
whole  nation  of  people.  And  this  same  Caesar  is  to- 
day considered  a  civilized  and  enlightened  individual, 
throughout  all  Christendom.  W^e  call  him  a  desperate 
and  terrible  Saurian  ;  and  what  excels  all  this  is,  that 
you  can  now  find  many  a  fool  who  says  we  have  not 
progressed. 

We  have  frequently  expressed  this  idea  :  "  What  ar- 
istocracy will  not  do,  never  has  been  done,  nor  never 
will  be  done,  in  vice  and  degradation."  We  will  give 
an  example  that  will  amply  prove  our  proposition. 
The  death  of  Valens  left  the  East  without  a  sovereign, 
and  Julius  filled  the  station  of  Master  General.  He 
concocted  a  tartarean  scheme  to  weaken  the  Gothic  na- 
tion. He  assembled  the  principal  officers,  and  pri- 
vately told  them  his  unhallowed  scheme,  and — shame 


244  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

and  disgrace  to  those  officers! — he  obtained  their  con- 
sent. An  order  was  immediately  promulgated,  that 
on  a  stated  day  the  Gothic  youth  should  assemble  in 
the  capital  cities  of  their  provinces  ;  and  a  report  was 
industriously  circulated  that  they  were  summoned  to 
receive  liberal  gifts  of  land  and  money.  The  pleasing 
bait  allayed  their  resentment.  On  the  stated  day  the 
unarmed  crowd  of  the  Gothic  youth  was  carefully  col- 
lected in  the  square  or  forum.  The  streets  and  ave- 
nues were  occupied  by  the  troops,  and  the  roofs  of  the 
houses  were  covered  with  archers  and  slingers.  At  the 
same  hour,  in  all  the  cities  of  the  East,  the  signal  was 
given  for  indiscriminate  slaughter.  And  the  provinces 
of  Asia  were  delivered  by  the  infernal  plot  of  Julius 
from  a  domestic  enemy,  who  in  a  few  months  might 
have  carried  fire  and  sword  from  the  Hellespont  to  the 
Euphrates.  From  this  last  sentence  we  presage  that 
the  historian  may  secretly  approve  of  this  massacre. 
He  does  not  endorse  the  bloody  act,  but  says  he  de- 
sires to  remain  ignorant  of  the  natural  obligation  of 
such  an  act.  He  also  says  that  Ammianus  approved 
of  the  inhuman  act,  and  another  gives  no  opinion,  but 
does  not  condemn  the  diabolical  act.  Zosimus  was 
the  individual  just  spoken  of.  From  what  we  intend 
shall  be  the  title  of  this  book,  we  have  to  give  our 
opinion  freely  of  this  great  sin  and  massacre  ;  and  we 
will  give  that  opinion,  being  well  convinced  that  we 
are  right,  regardless  of  the  adverse  opinion  of  four  mil- 
lion. Our  opinion  is  that  any  man,  woman,  or  nation, 
officers,  aristocracy,  barbarian,  that  is  guilty  of  such  in- 
fernal work,  will  meet  the  just  and  certain  punishment 
and  destruction  that  the  great  Creator  deals  out  to  all 
such  diabolical  characters  that  are  guilty  of  such 
a  crime.  We  are  astonished,  and  do  not  know  a  par- 
allel, though  the  Bartholomew  massacre  may  be  one. 
We  think  we  have  proved  our  proposition  that  is  the 
first  sentence  on  this  page.  Do  you  think  we  are  pro- 
gressing ? 

In    the  north   of  Asia    there  still   existed  a  race  of 
cannibals.      Gratian  was  emperor;  he  chose   Theodo- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        245 

rus  as  an  associate  in  the  Empire  ;  he  ruled  in  the 
East.  The  battle  of  Hadrianople,  in  which  the  Ro- 
mans lost  forty  thousand  soldiers,  and  it  made  a  last- 
ing impression  on  the  minds  of  both  the  barbarians 
and  Romans;  it  encouraged  the  barbarians,  and  had  a 
contrary  effect  on  the  Romans.  Such  was  the  state  of 
affairs  when  Theodosius  took  the  command  of  the 
East;  the  Roman  legions  feared  the  Goths.  A  Gothic 
general  said  that  he  was  astonished  how  a  people  who 
fled  before  him  like  a  flock  of  sheep  could  presume  to 
dispute  the  possession  of  their  treasures  and  provinces. 
Tlieodosius  had  to  overcome  the  fear  the  Romans  had 
of  the  Goth,  and  there  was  no  good  reason  for  it. 
Thehun  was  the  superior  in  war  over  the  Goth,  but 
the  barbarians  could  not  then  and  never  could  at  any 
time,  stand  prosperity.  After  the  death  of  their  gen- 
eral, who  gained  the  battle  of  Hadrianople,  the  Goths 
divided  in  parts,  and  the  Romans  made  as  much  as 
they  could  of  their  divisions ;  some  they  subsidized  to 
migrate,  others  they  purchased  to  desert.  And  Mo- 
dar,  a  Goth  of  influence,  joined  the  Romans,  and  soon 
obtained  an  important  command ;  he  surprised  an 
army  of  Goths,  who  were  immersed  in  wine  and 
sleep,  and  after  a  cruel  and  inhuman  slaughter  of  the 
barbarians,  returned  with  four  thousand  wagons  load- 
ed with  spoil  to  the  Roman  camp.  The  Goths  could 
not  long  stand  the  superior  intelligence  and  power  of 
the  Romans,  and  each  independent  chief  hastened  to 
form  a  treaty  with  the  Romans;  and  four  years  and 
one  month  after  the  battle  of  Hadrianople,  and  death 
of  the  emperor  Valens,  the  Goths  finally  capitulated. 
The  Ostrigoths  soon  violated  the  treaty  with  the  Ro- 
mans ;  they  advanced  in  the  unknown  countries  of 
the  north,  and  after  an  interval  of  over  four  years  they 
returned  with  an  accumulated  force;  they  had  recruit- 
ed their  ranks  with  the  soldiers  of  different  barbari- 
ans, and  they  could  no  longer  be  recognized  by  their 
former  Roman  acquaintances.  The  barbarians  played 
smart ;  they  made  three  thousand  canoes,  and  planned 
to  cross  the  Danube  in  the  night  and    attack   the  Ro- 


246  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

mans.  In  the  darkest  night  they  launched  their  ca- 
noes in  the  river,  but  they  soon  found  an  obstacle  of  a 
triple  line  of  vessels,  and  more  coming  down  the  river 
destroyed  the  whole  army. 

The  Croths  divided  themselves  into  two  parties ; 
one  of  them  was  disposed  to  live  in  peace  with  the 
Romans,  and  the  other,  which  was  the  most  numer- 
ous, were  always  making  trouble  with  the  Roman 
Empire.  On  one  of  the  solemn  festivals,  when  the 
chiefs  of  both  parties  were  present  at  the  imperial  ta- 
ble, they  were  heated  with  wine  till  they  forgot  the 
usual  restraints  of  discretion  and  respect,  and  betrayed, 
in  the  presence  of  the  Emperor  Theodorus,  the  fatal 
secret  of  their  domestic  disputes.  The  Emperor  dis- 
missed the  party.  Flivilla  followed  the  chief  of  the 
warlike  party,  Priulf,  and  laid  him  dead  at  his  feet. 
Their  companions  flew  to  arms  ;  and  the  champion  of 
Rome  would  have  been  slain  but  for  the  Imperial 
guards.  Such  was  barbarian  aristocracy.  See  what 
a  scene  at  a  party  at  the  Emperor's  palace,  and  in  his 
own  presence.  Such  is  aristocracy ;  rule  or  blood  is 
their  motto,  and  so  it  has  always  been.  Gratian  was 
directed  by  saints  and  bishops,  who,  Gratius  like  Nero 
and  Cornmodus,  practiced  hunting,  killing  beasts, 
drawing  the  bow  and  throwing  the  javelin.  Low  bus- 
iness for  an  Emperor;  and  he  took  some  Scythians  in- 
to his  daily  sports,  and  dressed  in  their  barbarous  cos- 
tume, and  entrusted  the  defense  of  his  person  to  those 
barbarians.  This  disgusted  the  soldiers,  and  raised  a 
spirit  of  envy  and  jealousy.  A  murmnr  was  heard 
through  the  camp.  In  Britain,  Maximus  was  the  agent 
of  some  that  the  trouble  centered  upon.  He  was  dis- 
satisfied with  the  elevation  of  Theodosius ;  he  had  no 
office  of  honor.  The  soldiers,  it  appears,  desired  to 
elevate  him  to  the  office  of  the  highest  office.  Emper- 
or; he  refused.  There  was  dano^er  in  refusino^  that 
high  office.  He  invaded  Gaul  with  a  fleet  and  army, 
which  was  afterwards  remembered  as  the  emigration 
of  the  i)ritish  nation.  The  whole  emigration  consist- 
ed oi  thirty  thousand  soldiers,  and  one  hundred  thou- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         247 

sand  plebeians,  who  settled  in  Bretagne.  Their 
designed  brides,  eleven  thousand  noble  and  sixty  thou- 
sand plebeian  virgins,  mistook  their  way,  landed  at 
Cologne,  and  were  all  cruelly  butchered  by  the  Huns. 
The  Emperor,  Gratian,  was  alarmed.  The  army  of 
Gaul  received  him  with  joy.  The  Emperor  fled  to- 
wards Lyons,  and  he  might  have  reached  the  domin- 
ions of  his  brother,  but  he  was  fatally  deceived,  and 
the  general  of  Maximus  took  him  in  custody,  and  he 
was  assassinated,  and  his  body  was  denied  to  the  en- 
treaty of  his  brother. 

We  cannot  help  to  notice  the  massacre  of  the  sev- 
enty thousand  virgins  by  the  Huns.  Such  barbarism 
is  the  height  of  inhumanity,  and  would  not  be  attempt- 
ed at  this  day,  But,  says  the  fanatic,  we  are  not  pro- 
gressing in  morals.  And  again,  we  notice  the  assas- 
sination of  another  emperor  ;  this  was  done  by  the  ar- 
istocracy. During  the  reigns  of  Constantus  and  Valens 
the  different  sects  of  religion  were  deprived  of  the  pub- 
lic and  private  exercise  of  their  religion.  They  were 
left  without  any  shepherd,  to  wander  on  the  mountains 
or  be  devoured  by  rapacious  wolves ;  and  by  this  you 
can  also  see  that  we  are  progressing  in  morals.  In 
the  Empire  of  the  world  religion  was  not  to  be  toler- 
ated to  be  practiced.  What  is  more  barbaric  than 
that  ?  The  love  of  gold  is  not  confined  to  this  age. 
The  historian  Gibbon  says  that  with  the  bishops  (A.  D. 
381 )  that  the  ruling  passions  were  the  love  of  gold  and 
the  love  of  dispute.  It  appears  that  the  rule  of  the 
sovereign  was  the  rule  of  their  obsequious  faith.  At 
about  this  date  seven  persons  of  influence  were  tor- 
tured, condemned  and  executed.  It  does  look  that 
we  are  gaining  in  morals.  The  Empire  had  been  for 
some  time  excited  with  the  tenets  of  religion.  Arian- 
ism  had  been  condemned,  and  councils  called,  and  long 
deliberations  concluded;  but  the  leading  trait  of  aris- 
tocracy and  barbarism  was  again  preparing  to  show 
its  ascendency,  and  what  is  in  an  individual  or  nation 
must  come  out;  and  so  aristocracy  and  barbarism  had 
to  show  its  inherited  nature,  that  is,  war  and  carnage. 


248  THE  WO R Kingman's  guide. 

Maximus,  who  had  come  from  Britain  with  his  emi- 
grants and  soldiers,  and  usurped  the  throne  of  Gracius 
and  murdered  him,  now  endeavored  to  do  so  with 
Theodosius  of  the  East.  The  contest  was  soon  ended  ; 
the  action  was  fought  in  the  afternoon  and  morning 
of  the  next  day.  Maximus  was  defeated  and  retreated 
to  Aquiela  ;  dragged  from  his  secret  place,  stripped 
of  his  ornaments — the  robe,  the  diadem,  the  purple 
and  slippers — and  taken  to  the  presence  of  Theodosius, 
who  abandoned  him  to  the  pious  zeal  of  the  soldiers, 
who  instantly  separated  his  head  from  his  body.  His 
son  Victor,  on  whom  he  had  conferred  the  title  Augus- 
tus, died  by  the  hand  of  the  bold  Arbogastes.  The 
aristocracy  and  barbarians  had  had  another  carnage 
of  bloodletting,  another  Emperor's  head  severed  from 
his  body.  O  how  long  will  this  corrupt  and  vile  aris- 
tocracy claim  to  be  the  truly  good  and  elevated  of  so- 
ciety .f*  And  how  long  will  the  workingman  let  the 
aristocratic  drones  rule  the  country,  and  lie,  cheat, 
swindle  and  rob  the  people,  and  make  the  rich  richer 
and  the  poor  poorer,?  Workingmen,  rise  in  your 
might,  and  see  that  you  take  the  reins  of  government 
into  your  own  hands!  How  can  you  expect  to  get 
your  rights  and  privileges,  and  preserve  your  liberty, 
when  you  suffer  your  enemies,  an  unprincipled  horde 
of  merciless  marauders,  to  rule  the  country }  The 
idea  is  preposterous  ;  to  have  equal  and  exact  justice 
done  until  you  rule  your  own  country,  and  drive  the 
lazy  drones  out  of  the  hive.  The  Emperor  Theodo- 
sius said  that  if  the  exercise  of  justice  is  the  most  im- 
portant duty,  the  indulgence  of  mercv  is  the  most  ex- 
quisite pleasure.  In  Thessalonica,  without  any  mate- 
rial cause,  the  soldiers  massacred  seven  thousand  citi- 
zens indiscrimately,  and  by  some  said  to  be  fifteen 
thousand.  Do  we  progress  in  morals  }  The  fanatic 
says  no.  How  long  will  the  fanatic  and  aristocrat 
continue  to  lie,  and  misrepresent  this  great  and  impor- 
tant question  .?  Do  the  soldiers  do  any  such  crimes 
at  present.?     We  do  not  hear  of  any. 

Another  emperor  strangled  in  his  apartment;  it  was 


IMMORALHY    AND    INFAMV    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       249 

Valentinian.  A  man  of  authority  and  influence  with 
the  soldiers  was  suspected  of  committing  the  crime, 
and  he,  to  avoid  suspicion,  had  Eugenius  appointed 
emperor.  This  happened  in  the  western  part  of  the 
empire.  Theodosius  was  emperor  in  the  eastern  part, 
and  he  consulted  Holy  John,  a  fortune  teller,  on  the 
future  success  of  a  civil  war,  which  Theodosius  was 
meditating  of  commencing.  Holy  John  gave  a  hope- 
ful encouragement  to  Theodosius  in  the  prosecution 
of  a  civil  war.  Two  years  were  spent  in  preparation; 
the  formidable  barbarians.  The  Iberians,  the  Arabs, 
and  the  Goths  all  under  the  same  prince,  and  the 
renowned  Alaric,  who  learned  the  art  or  war  in  the 
school  of  Theodorus,  which  was  afterwards  used  for 
the  destruction  of  Rome.  The  emperor  of  the  East 
attacked  the  fortifications  of  his  rivals.  The  Goths  took 
the  advance  in  the  attack.  Ten  thousand  of  them  died 
bravely  on  the  field  of  battle,  and  night  protected  the 
disorderly  flight  or  retreat  of  the  troops  of  Theodosius. 
The  morning  looked  gloomy,  but  it  was  soon  changed 
by  a  message  of  the  troops  who  would  desert,  and  the 
price  and  arrangement  and  writings  were  soon  made; 
the  battle  was  renewed  and  a  tempest  arose.  Theo- 
dosius was  sheltered  from  the  wind  which  blew  a  cloud 
of  dust  in  the  faces  of  the  eneiny,  disordered  their 
ranks,  took  their  weapons  from  their  hands,  and  di- 
verted or  repelled  their  javelins.  This  advantage  was 
improved.  The  violence  of  the  storm  was  magnified 
by  the  superstitious  terrors  of  the  Gauls,  and  they 
yielded  without  shame  to  the  invisible  powers  of  heav- 
en, which  seemed  to  assist  the  emperor  Theodosius. 
His  victory  was  complete.  The  retrotrician  Eugenius 
implored  the  mercy  of  the  conqueror,  and  the  unrelent- 
ing soldiers  separated  his  head  from  his  body  as  he  lay 
prostrate  at  the  feet  of  the  emperor.  Arbogastes 
wandered  a  few  days  in  the  mountains,  then  put  an  end 
to  his  life  by  falling  on  his  sword.  Theodosius  was 
now  alone  emperor,  but  he  lived  only  four  months  af- 
ter the  victory;  he  died  of  disease.  We  perceive  that 
another  emperor  has  been  killed.    How  long  will  these 


250  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

braggadocians  claim  to  be  the  "  truly  good, "and  pretend 
to  have  all  the  intelligence  and  decency,  when,  in  fact, 
they  are  the  dregs  of  the  earth,  the  demons  of  society? 
And  bow  long  will  the  workingman  let  this  scum  of 
barbarism  reign  on  the  earth  ?  Let  each  man  do  his 
duty,  and  this  immoral  disgrace  will  be  consigned  to 
the  same  way  that  the  saurians  were — extmction ;  and 
the  quicker  the  better  for  the  human  family.  Honorius 
and  Arcadius,  two  roval  youths  who  had  obtained  from 
their  father  Theodosius  the  title  of  Augustus,  were 
destined  to  fill  the  thrones  of  Constantinople  and  of 
Rome.  The  empire  was  continually  declining.  The 
strength  of  the  soldiers  also  was  declining,  and  they 
threw  away  their  armor,  not  being  able  to  carry  it, 
and  the  barbarians  at  the  same  time  wore  theirs  in  bat- 
tle, so  the  Romans  could  not  equal  the  barbarians  in 
battle.  At  this  time  the  contests  of  the  Christians  and 
Pagans  were  exciting.  Theodosius  was  a  Christian, 
and  paganism  had  a  severe  ordeal  at  this  time ;  it  did 
not  cease  to  be,  but  it  was  in  a  state  of  degradation  ; 
their  temples  were  mostly  destroyed,  in  fact,  but  few 
left;  sacrificing  had  been  prohibited  by  law,  and  it 
looked  gloomy  for  paganism.  The  temple  of  the  ce- 
lestial Venus  had  been  converted  into  a  Christian 
church.  The  Pantheon  at  Rome  was  also  preserved 
inviolate.  But  much  destruction  and  waste  had  been 
committed  by  the  monks,  in  useless  destruction  of  pa- 
gan temples. 

The  Christians  destroyed  also  the  fortress  of  Serapis. 
It  was  a  large  temple,  built  on  a  platform  one  hundred 
steps  above  the  city.  It  contained  the  famous  Alex- 
andrian library,  which  was  destroyed.  A  church  was 
erected  afterward  on  the  foundation  of  the  temple.  A 
great  quantity  of  gold  and  silver  was  melted  out  of  the 
statues.  The  people  have  been  robbed  and  plundered 
always.  In  Rome,  the  emperor  would  appoint  a  pre- 
fect to  rule  in  his  absence,  and  he,  the  prefect,  was  in 
many  cases  a  cruel  tyrant.  He  robbed  the  people  of 
their  property  in  various  ways,  but  often  their  lives 
paid    for    their   cruel    crimes.       The    Goths    invaded 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       25  I 

Greece.  They  passed  through  the  renouned  Pass  of 
Thermopylee,  and  laid  the  country  desolate,  killed  all 
the  young  men,  and  carried  the  beautiful  maids  away. 
They  entered  Venice,  and  took  all  the  treasure  they 
could  find  in  the  city.  Argos,  Corinth,  and  Sparta 
yielded  to  the  war-like  Alaric.  The  females  submit- 
ted to  the  customs  of  war.  The  enjoyment  was  the 
reward  of  valor.  The  invader  has  said  :  Do  not  injure 
those  who  never  hurt  you.  But  Alaric  was  compelled 
to  retreat  by  Stiticho,  a  Roman  general.  A  long  and 
doubtful  conflict  was  fought  in  the  country  of  Arcadia, 
in  which  the  Romans  by  skill  and  perseverance  pre- 
vailed. The  Goths  retreated  to  the  mountains,  and 
fortified  their  camp.  The  Romans  besieged  their 
camp,  and  turned  a  river,  so  the  Goths  starved  for 
water.  And  after  having  the  Goths  in  the  hollow  of 
his  hands,  the  Roman  general  retired  to  enjoy  the 
theatrical  games  and  the  lascivious  dances  of  the 
Greeks.  His  soldiers  spread  themselves  over  the 
country.  Alaric  escaped,  and  after  piercing  the  in- 
trenchments  about  his  camp,  and  when  the  Roman 
general  received  the  news,  the  bird  had  flown.  An 
officer  was  condemned  for  some  crime,  and  his  father 
was  compelled  to  witness  the  execution.  Such  is 
aristocracy.  Rufinus  was  minister,  aud  had  the  control 
of  the  finances.  He  was  a  plunderer  and  robber,  and 
enriched  himself  from  the  public  treasury.  Stiticho 
marched  his  troops  to  Constantinople.  At  a  mile  from 
the  city  they  met  the  plunderer  Rufinus.  Thev  sur- 
rounded him,  and  a  soldier  stabbed  him,  and  he  fell 
dead  at  the  feet  of  the  affrighted  emperor.  So  died  a 
culprit  of  the  basest  kind  without  notice. 

Such  were  the  courts  of  aristocracy  ;  they  executed 
without  first  having  judge,  or  jury,  and  testimony;  but 
there  was  still  another  depredator  who  indulged  alter- 
nately in  the  passions  of  avarice  and  salacity ;  his 
days  were  terrible  to  the  rich  ;  his  nights  were  not  less 
dreadful  to  husbands  and  parents.  The  fairest  of  their 
wives  and  daughters  were  transferred  to  the  embraces 
of    the  tyrant,  and  afterwards  abandoned  to  a  troop  of 


252  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

ferocious  barbarians  and  assassins,  and  the  black  or 
swarthy  natives  of  the  desert,  whom  Gildo  considered 
the  only  guardians  of  his  throne.  After  the  death  of 
Theodosius,  Gildo  governed  the  extensive  country  in 
the  name  of  Honoreus.  Gildo  assassinated  his  two 
nephews,  whom  he  feared  were  in  his  way.  Stiticho, 
the  Roman  general,  complained  to  the  senate  of  the 
rapacity  and  plunderings  of  Gildo,  and  he  had  been 
noticed  in  an  important  manner.  Stiticho  had  given 
the  command  of  Africa  to  Mascezel;  the  general  ad- 
vanced with  offers  of  peace  and  pardon,  and  struck 
the  Gildo's  standard  bearer  on  his  arm,  which  caused 
the  standard  to  fall,  and  all  the  barbarians  repeated 
the  act,  by  all  the  standards  of  the  line,  and  the  bar- 
barians fled  in  confusion,  and  Mascezel  obtained  an 
easy  victory.  Gildo  made  an  effort  to  escape,  but  the 
elements  were  against  him,  and  he  was  confined  in  a 
dungeon,  and  his  own  despair  saved  him  from  appearing 
before  his  injured  people.  The  captives  and  the 
spoils  of  Africa  were  laid  at  the  feet  of  the  emperor. 
The  hero  of  the  war  lived  but  a  short  time ;  he  was 
thrown  from  his  horse  into  the  river,  and  the  soldiers 
were  slow  to  get  him  out,  and  he  was  drowned.  A 
great  many  of  the  friends  of  Gildo  were  executed. 
Aristocracy  is  worse  than  famine,  war,  and  pestilence, 
combined.  Ten  years  afterwards  a  subsequent  renew- 
al of  the  persecutions  of  the  offences  committed  in 
the  rebellion.  There  is  no  end  to  the  revenge  of 
aristocracy,  no  more  than  there  is  to  their  plundering, 
and  robbing,  and  stealing,  and  lying,  and  cheating, 
and  swindling,  and  passing  laws  to  make  the  rich  man 
richer,  and  the  poor  man  poorer;  to  transfer  property 
in  the  hands  of  the  people  to  dishonest  and  vicious 
aristocracy  and  lazy  drones.  Enough  has  been  said 
to  satisfy  any  sensible  and  honest  man  that  the  aris- 
tocracy are  and  have  been  always  stealing  from  the 
people.  Notice  how  they  plundered,  enslaved,  robbed 
the  people.  They  took  what  money,  grain,  and  what- 
ever they  wanted  from  the  people,  and  applied  them 
to  their  own  use  and  benefit. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        253 

We  shall  have  more  to  say  about  the  tartarean  aris- 
tocracy;  the  story  of  their  robbing  and  stealing.  Their 
immorality  and  infamy  are  not  half  told  yet;  you  will 
find  it  so.  They  are  now  worse  than  they  ever  were 
in  lying,  and  cheating,  and  stealing;  they  take  your 
money,  and  tens  of  thousands  of  fools  do  not  know  it, 
and  never  will,  and  no  man  can  make  them  see  it. 
There  are  none  so  blind  as  those  who  will  not  see. 
There  are  more  than  four  millions  of  fools  and  simple- 
tons in  this  country  that  are  blind  physically  and  in- 
tellectually, and  deaf;  who  will  not  see  nor  will  they 
hear  ;  and  they  do  feel,  but  they  do  not  know  where 
the  lash  comes  from ;  and  we  can  point  out  to  you 
many  smarties  who  receive  the  lash  daily,  but  do  not 
know  where  it  comes  from,  and  they  believe  that  they 
are  smart.  The  Emperor  Honorius  reigned  twenty- 
eight  years,  and  he  was  a  zero.  He  knew  how  to  feed 
poultry,  which  he  was  mostly  engaged  at.  His  mind 
was  not  developed  so  as  to  make  him  of  any  worth. 
He  was  married  ten  years,  and  his  wife  died  a  virgin. 
The  empire  was  subverted  and  he  scarcely  knew  it. 
Theodosius  died  in  January,  and  before  spring  the 
Gothic  nation  was  in  arms.  The  barbarians  eagerly 
deserted  their  farms,  and  at  the  first  sound  of  the 
trumpet  shouldered  their  arms.  Alaric,  who  was  edu- 
cated in  the  Roman  camp,  was  desirous  of  engaging 
in  the  Roman  army,  but  was  refused,  and  he  accepted 
the  command  of  the  Gothic  army.  He  was  by  birth 
a  barbarian.  The  Greeks  suffered  the  Goths  to  march 
into  their  country,  when  they  could  easily  have  pre- 
vented them  from  enterins^  in  their  territory.  The 
pass  of  rhermopylae,  which  was  so  nobly  defended 
against  the  hosts  of  Xerxes,  was  not  defended  at  all, 
and  the  barbarians  marched  through  the  pass,  when 
a  few  soldiers  might  have  repelled  them.  The  Goths 
massacred  the  boys  capable  of  bearing  arms,  and  drove 
away  the  cattle,  and  took  the  pretty  girls  with  them. 
The  city  of  Minerva  was  ransomed  by  the  greatest 
part  of  their  wealth,  and  the  country  was  despoiled  by 
the  barbarians.     These  same  barbarians  were   aristo- 


254  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

crats  of  the  blackest  dye.  The  greater  the  barbarian, 
the  better  aristocrat  he  is;  and  the  greater  the  aristo- 
crat, the  better  barbarian  he  is.  The  aristocrat  is  quite 
sure  to  be  a  barbarian,  and  the  barbarian  is  absolutely 
sure  to  be  an  aristocrat.  The  four  millions  strong 
will  not  be  capable  of  comprehending  these  proposi- 
tions, but  they  will  be  explained. 

At  the  Isthmus,  the  Grecians  could  easily  have  stop- 
ped the  march  of  the  Goths.  And  the  most  fortunate 
families  were  saved  by  death  from  beholding  the  slav- 
ery of  their  families,  and  the  conflagration  of  their  ci- 
ties. The  vases  and  statues  were  distributed  among 
the  rude  barbarians;  but  the  barbarians  were  destined 
to  cliange  their  quarters.  The  general.  Stiticho,  was 
com i nor'.  He  swam  the  stream  of  the  Addua  to  save 
time,  instead  of  crossing  the  bridge  ;  he  cut  his  way 
through  the  Gothic  camp.  Instead  of  a  barbarian  vic- 
tory, they  were  invested  on  every  side.  A  barbarian 
council  was  held,  in  which  it  was  weighed  what  under 
the  circumstances  it  was  best  to  do.  Alaric  said  he 
was  resolved  to  find  a  kingdom  or  a  grave  in  Italy. 
Stiticho  resolved  to  attack  the  barbarians  on  Easter, 
when  they  were  to  have  a  great  festival.  The  plan 
was  executed  by  Saul,  a  barbarian  who  had  served  un- 
der Theodosius  with  distinguished  merit.  The  camp 
of  the  barbariaris  was  thrown  in  sudden  confusion  by 
the  impetuous  charge  of  the  imperial  cavalry,  but  in  a 
short  time  their  chief  rallied  them,  and  the  conflict 
raged  with  equal  courage  on  both  sides.  The  barba- 
rian who  led  the  van  in  this  important  action  fought 
with  a  zeal,  and  paid  a  dear  price  for  leading  the  for- 
lorn hope;  he  fell,  and  his  death  was  followed  by  the 
flight  and  dismay  of  his  squadrons.  Stiticho  immedi- 
ately led  the  Roman  and  barbarian  infantry  to  the  res- 
cue, and  they  surmounted  every  obstacle.  In  the  eve- 
ning of  that  bloody  day,  the  Goths  retreated  from  the 
field  of  battle.  The  intrenchments  of  their  camp  were 
forced,  and  the  scene  of  rapine  and  slaughter  made 
some  atonement  for  the  calamities  which  they  had  in- 
flicted on  the  Roman  people.     The   magnificent  spoil 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        255 

of  Corinth  and  Argos  enriched  the  veterans  of  the 
West.  The  captive  wife  of  Alaric,  who  had  impa- 
tiently awaited  his  promise  of  Roman  jewels  and  pa- 
trician handmaids,  was  reduced  to  implore  the  mercy 
of  the  insulting  foe.  Many  thousand  prisoners  re- 
leased from  the  Gothic  chains,  dispersed  through  the 
provinces  of  Italy  ;  the  praises  of  their  heroic  delivery 
were  many.  Marius  had  gained  a  victory  (Hi  the  same 
ground,  and  also  been  victorious.  Alaric  retreated 
with  his  cavalry  nearly  entire.  Another  action  was 
fought  near  Verona  ;  the  Goths  were  defeated  with 
o;reat  loss;  not  less  then  at  the  battle  of  Polentia. 
Alaric  came  near  being  taken  prisoner :  the  swiftness 
of  his  horse  saved  him. 

The  Vandals,  Germans,  Huns,  Goths,  Burgundians 
and  many  other  nations  and  tribes  flocked  to  the  stan- 
dard of  Radagasus  ;  they  crowded  their  numbers  into 
the  Roman  territory,  to  the  number  of  four  hundred 
thousand  men,  women,  children,  slaves,  and  soldiers. 
They  appeared  to  issue  from  the  coast  of  the  Baltic, 
which  had  poured  forth  a  host  of  barbarians  on  the 
Roman  Empire,  when  it  was  in  its  vigor,  and  assault- 
ed the  inhabitants.  Their  native  country,  after  their 
departure — the  country  which  showed  tokens  of  former 
greatness,  remained  for  some  ages  a  vast  and  dreary 
solitude.  Why  the  people  emigrated  in  that  manner, 
we  cannot  tell ;  one  thing  we  opine  is,  that  it  is^a  pos- 
itive sign  of  barbarism  and  aristocracy,  and  how  they 
lived,  we  cannot  solve  ;  and  this  is  not  the  first  case 
we  have  given.  It  does  not  appear  that  they  were 
driven  out  of  the  country,  nor  did  they  go  because  the 
population  was  dense,  as  nearly  all  went,  and  howthey 
lived,  who  can  tell }  Stiticho,  with  difificulty,  raised  an 
army  of  thirty  thousand  men,  and  fixed  his  headquar- 
ters at  Ticinum  or  Pavia.  The  people  trembled  at 
their  approach  within  a  hundred  and  eighty  miles  of 
Rome.  Florence  was  reduced  to  the  last  extremity. 
Stiticho  surrounded  the  barbarians  with  strong  lines 
of  circumvallation.  The  imprisoned  men  and  horses 
were  starved,  and  the  barbarians  capitulated,  and  were 


256  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

sold  as  slaves,  and  one-third  of  the  barbarians,  estima- 
ted at  one  hundred  thousand  men,  were  left  between 
the  Alps  and  the  Danube.  Twenty  thousand  soldiers 
of  the  Vandals  were  slain  on  the  field  of  battle.  The 
Roman  empire  was  rapidly  declining,  and  the  country 
east  of  the  Alps  was  considered  as  belonging  to  the 
barbarian  drones,  and  some  of  them  had  fine  houses 
on  the  Rhine.  This  scene  of  peace  and  plenty  was 
soon  changed  to  a  desert,  and  the  prospect  of  smoking 
ruins  could  alone  distinguish  the  solitude  of  nature 
from  the  desolation  of  man.  The  flourishing  city  of 
Mentz  was  surprised  and  destroyed,  and  many  thousand 
Christians  were  inhumanly  massacred  in  the  church. 
Worms  perished  after  a  long  and  obstinate  siege. 
Strasburg,  Spires,  Rheims,  Tournay,  Arras,  Amiens, 
experienced  the  cruel  oppression  of  the  German  yoke, 
and  war  spread  over  seventeen  provinces  of  Gaul. 
The  rich  and  extensive  country  as  far  as  the  ocean, 
Alps,  and  the  Pyrenees  was  taken  by  the  barbarians, 
who  drove  before  them  in  a  crowd  the  bishop,  the 
senator,  and  the  virgin,  laden  with  the  spoils  of  their 
houses  and  altars.  The  priests  embraced  the  oppor- 
tunity of  exhorting  the  Christians  to  repent  of  the 
sins  which  had  provoked  the  Divine  justice,  and  to 
renounce  the  perishable  goods  of  a  wretched  and  de- 
ceitful world.  But  the  idle  fanatics  overlooked  the 
invisible  laws  of  nature,  which  have  connected  peace 
with  innocence,  plenty  with  industry,  and  economy 
and  safety  with  valor  and  discretion.  The  Divine  jus- 
tice was  arraigned,  which  did  not  exempt  from  com- 
mon destruction  the  feeble,  the  good,  and  the  infant 
portion  of  the  human  species. 

Stiticho  was  one  of  the  most  successful  generals  of 
the  Romans,  and  without  an  evidence  but  suspicion, 
his  friends  were  first  massacred — two  Praetorian  pre- 
fects of  Gaul  and  Italy,  two  master-generals  of  the  cav- 
alry and  infantry,  the  master  of  the  officers,  the  quaes- 
tor, the  treasurer,  and  the  count  of  the  domestics. 
Many  lives  were  lost,  many  houses  were  plundered  ; 
the    massacre    continued    all    day,   and   the    trembling 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        257 

Emperor  was  seen  in  the  streets  without  his  robes  or 
diadem,  yielded  to  the  assassins,  and  approved  the  mur- 
ders. Stiticho  fled  to  the  altar  of  the  Christian  church. 
An  officer  produced  a  warrant  for  his  execution. 
Heraclian  was  the  assassin.  And  so  again  we  per- 
ceive the  barbarian  feeling  and  injustice  of  aristocracy. 
It  is  like  the  tribes  of  Indians  of  the  United  States; 
they  are  determined  to  shed  blood,  innocent  or  guilty, 
they  care  not  if  they  only  are  on  the  safe  side.  The 
flight  of  his  son  was  intercepted,  and  his  death  soon 
took  place.  The  greatest  cruelties  were  inflicted  to 
extort  confessions  of  treason  and  conspiracies.  Thev 
died  in  silence,  and  all  died,  it  appears,  innocent.  No 
court,  no  examination,  no  testimony,  no  trial  ;  poster- 
ity views  it  with  pity  for  all,  but  most  for  the  inhu- 
man reptiles  that  inflicted  the  murder,  as  it  was  noth- 
ing less.  Nature  was  silent,  all  moral  and  religious 
feeling  was  wounded,  and  flagrant  and  vicious  aristo- 
crats were  in  their  glory.  The  good  (and  there  al- 
ways have  been  some,  enough  to  give  glorious  fruit  as 
long  as  the  world  stands)  were  astonished,  but  their 
mouths  were  doubly  stopped.  They  could  not  speak, 
and  more,  they  dare  not  speak.  To  speak  in  favor  of 
the  innocent  was  certain  death.  Such  is  aristocracy 
and  its  co-equal,  barbarism.  The  services  of  Stiticho 
were  great  and  manifest.  The  clergy  asserted  that 
the  restoration  of  idols  and  the  persecution  of  the 
church  would  have  been  the  first  measure  of  the  son 
of  Stiticho,  Eucherius.  He  was  educated  in  the  bos- 
om of  Christianity,  which  his  father  had  uniformly 
professed  and  zealously  supported.  Aristocracy  could 
tell  then,  as  now  they  do  tell,  what  their  opponents 
will  do  when  they  get  in  office.  They  presage  too 
much,  and  they  say  anything  that  is  for  their  interest. 
Do  not  believe  a  word  they  say  ;  do  not  lend  an  ear 
to  their  speech  From  their  mouths  issue  all  manner 
of  lies,  the  spirit  of  pandemonium  assists  them,  and 
their  circumventions  are  not  transcended  by  the  arch- 
fiend Belial.  They  are  the  min-eaters  of  every  age, 
past  and  present,  but  we  hope  not  long  in  the  future. 


258  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

They  are  the  anaconda  that  devours  and  transfers  the 
fruits  of  your  labors  to  their  capacious  and  insatiate 
maw.  They  are  the  demons  with  argus  eyes,  that  are 
eagerly  watching  to  apply  Machievelism  to  their  busi- 
ness transactions  with  you.  We  say  again,  beware  of 
drones  and  aristocracy  ;  they  will  lead  you  to  tartare- 
an  regions,  from  which  you  never  can  be  extricated. 
They  live  on  human  flesh,  as  it  is  said  in  the  fable 
the  mares  of  Diomede  did. 

But  we  must  proceed  with  our  task,  which  is  at  the 
head  of  the  page.  Enough  has  been  said,  but  some 
may  need  more  to  convince  them,  and  plenty  is  at 
hand.  But  the  four  millions  infernals  will  never  be 
convinced  ;  they  will  die  in  ignorance,  superstition, 
prejudice  and  error.  Alaric  pillaged  the  cities  Aqui- 
leia,  Altinum,  Concordia  and  Cremona,  which  yielded 
to  his  arms.  He  increased  his  forces  by  the  accession 
of  thirty  thousand  auxilliaries.  He  knew  too  much  to 
lay  siege  to  the  city  of  Ravenna.  His  troops,  animated 
by  the  hopes  of  spoil,  followed  him  to  the  walls  of 
Rome,  where  he  pitched  his  camp.  Hannibal  once 
before  had  led  his  troops  to  the  walls  of  Rome.  Han- 
nibal was  a  far-seeing  general ;  he  saw  the  task  was 
too  much  for  him,  and  he  retreated  from  the  city, 
thereby  acknowledging  their  power.  All  this  time, 
and  previous  to  this  date,  linen  and  glass  were  uncom- 
mon, but  they  soon  became  plenty.  This  also  proves 
progress,  and  the  reader  could  be  ignorant.  And  the 
keeping  eunuchs  is  evidence  of  barbarism.  And  the 
aristocrats  of  ancient  times  kept  them  to  do  their 
house  work.  The  whole  of  that  crime  is  positive 
proof  of  tyranny  and  despotism.  And  they  who  made 
the  eunuchs  should  have  been  punished  with  death, 
as  he  who  commits  such  a  crime  is  not  fit  to  live. 
We  say  again  :  "  What  an  aristocrat  will  not  do  no 
one  will."  He  is,  and  has  been,  guilty  of  every  crime 
that  man  can  conceive,  and  he  has  committed  all  the 
crimes  the  demons  could  concoct  in  pandemonium  for 
a  thousand  years.  Thmk  of  it.  Make  a  eunuch  of  a 
man,  thinking  it   will  be  for  his  interest,  and  he   will 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       259 

do   any  infernal   act,  if  it  is  for   his  interest.     What  a 
lofty  opinion  the  audacious  scamp  has  of  himself,  that 
he  uses  the  human  family  as  if  they  all  were  his;  as  if 
he  were  a  Deity,  and  the  whole  terrestrial  sphere   was 
his.     What  an  overweening  opinion  of  himself.     The 
Romans  were  addicted  to  play,  and  it  was  a  trait  that 
was  an  introduction   to  elite  society,  or  so  considered 
by  aristocracy.    And  the  historian  Gibbon  says  :  "  The 
acquisition  of  knowledge  is  an  attainment  that  seldom 
engages  the  curiosity  of  nobles,  who  abhor  the  fatigue 
and  disdain   the   advantages   of  study;    and  the  only 
books  which  they   peruse   are  the  satires   of  Juvenal, 
(likely  the  sixth),  and  the  verbose  and  fabulous  histo- 
ries of  Marius  Maximus;  and  their  libraries  are  seclud- 
ed from  the  light  of  day."     In  those  palaces  sound  is 
preferred  to  sense,  and  dress  to  the  education  of  the 
mind.     When  they  desire  to  borrow,  they  employ  the 
base   and   supplicating  style  of  the  slave,  in  the  com- 
edy ;  but  when  they  are  called   upon   to  pay  they  as- 
sume the  royal  style  of  a  lord.     And   the  most  of  the 
laboring  men  are  the  most  useful  and   truly  respecta- 
ble part  of  community.     Aristocracy  is  a  useless   ap- 
pendage to  society,  like  five  wheels  to  a  wagon  ;   and  a 
very  expensive  thing,  that  should  not  be  permitted  to 
encumber  good  society.     And  one  of  the  Apolyons, 
high   in    the  confidence  of  the  greatest   robbers  and 
thieves,  says  that  if  he   had   his  way  about   it   there 
would  be  no  common  schools.     And  yet,  such  diabol- 
ical and  infernal  scamps  have  four  million  slaves,  who 
are  voters,  and  deposit  such  vote  as  the  master  directs. 
If  the  blind  lead  the  blind,  they  will  both   fall  in   the 
ditch  ;  and  if  the  common  people  are  led  by  fools,  and 
villains,   and  gull-catchers,   they   will  come    to  grief. 
And  if  the  people  discard  honest  and  good  men  and 
extol  knaves,  they  will  certainly  come  to  poverty  and 
destruction ;    and  the  country,  when  it  is  too  late,  will 
mourn. 

We  earnestly  desire  that  the  reader  will  take  partic- 
ular notice  how  the  bragging  aristocracy  has  ruled  the 
world.     It  was  the  complaint  at  this  era  that  the  land 


26o  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

of  the  Empire  was  in  a  few  men's  hands  ;  it  was  com- 
puted that  two  thousand  persons  possessed  nearly  all 
of  it.  During  the  five  months  of  the  year  a  regular 
allowance  of  bacon  was  distributed  to  the  poor  citi- 
zens. The  baths  were  open  at  stated  hours  for  all, 
and  three  thousand  seats  were  reckoned  in  the  time  of 
Aurelius.  The  city  of  Rome  was  filled  with  paupers, 
who  were  gambling;  that  is,  they  lost  the  small  wages 
they  received  at  the  gaming  table;  and  there  was  as 
much  poverty,  sensuality,  and  degradation  in  Rome  as 
in  the  larger  cities  of  the  present  day — it  was  the 
reign  of  aristocracy.  It  has  at  this  time  been  called  a 
democracy  ;  but  he  who  called  it  that  was  a  knave  or 
a  fool.  The  country  was  ruled  by  an  emperor,  and  he 
was  absolute,  like  the  Czar  of  Russia ;  he  was  chosen 
by  the  army  and  senate  ;  and  as  many  as  four  times  out 
of  five  the  army  chose  the  emperor,  and  they  also 
murdered  him  when  they  pleased.  The  definition  of 
aristocracy  is  a  government  by  a  few ;  and  it  matters 
not  if  they  are  soldiers,  or  senators ;  it  is  all  aristocra- 
cy. The  fanatics  and  aristocrats,  no  doubt,  will  say 
■  Rome  was  a  republic;  it  was  democracy  at  first,  but 
when  a  country  is  governed  by  an  emperor,  any  sim- 
pleton knows  that  is  not  a  democratic  government. 
The  aristocrats,  no  doubt,  are  ashamed  to  own  their 
friends ;  and  they  will  have  to  disown  many,  to  make 
it  appear  that  the  Roman  Empire  was  a  democracy. 
But  there  is  nothing  too  low  or  mean  for  aristocracy  to 
say,  or  do.  We  again  say  to  the  workingman,  do  not 
believe  what  an  aristocrat  says,  or  you  will  find  yourself 
deceived ;  they  will  say  Rome  was  a  republic — so  it 
was  at  first.  Liddell,  in  his  history  of  Rome,  page 
730.  Octavian  dated  the  year  of  his  imperial  mon- 
archy from  the  day  of  the  battle  of  Actium,  but  it  was 
not  till  two  years  after  (the  summer  of  29  B.  C.)  that  he 
established  himself  in  Rome,  as  the  ruler  of  the  Ro- 
man world.  All  men  drew  breath  more  freely,  and  all, 
except  the  soldiery,  looked  forward  for  a  time  of  tran- 
quility. Liberty  and  independence  weie  forgotten 
words.     After    the  terrible  disorders  of  the  last  cen- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INF^AMY    OE    ARISTOCRACY.        26 1 

tury,    the   general   cry    was    for   quiet,  at  any    price. 
What  does  that  sound  like  ? 

We  shall,  no  doubt,  have  more  to  say  on  this  top- 
ic. It  is  the  main  point  of  our  argument,  and  if  there 
is  any  doubt  of  it  we  should  never  have  written  these 
previous  pages.  No  doubt,  some  vile  and  infamous 
and  totally  depraved  and  iniquitous  aristocrat  will  say 
Rome  was  a  republic  at  the  time  it  was  called  an  em- 
pire;  and  an  aristocrat  cannot  say  anything  so  absurd 
but  their  serfs,  and  satraps,  and  hirelings,  and  slaves, 
and  barbarians  will  say  amen.  So  it  is,  and  they  will 
stick  to  it,  if  it  is  required  by  their  lords  and  masters. 
These  are  the  four  millions  strong.  We  do  not  intend  to 
saythateveryone  will,  but  a  majority  of  them,  that  is  the 
four  millions  strong,  who  will  go  it  right  or  wrong. 
Liddell  again  says,  at  page  731  :  "  We  have  now  traced 
the  progress  and  decline  of  the  Roman  constitution 
through  its  several  stages.  We  have  seen  it  pass  from 
a  monarchy  into  a  patrician  oligarchy,  from  a  patrician 
oligarchy  into  a  limited  republic,  from  a  limited  repub- 
lic to  an  oligarchy  of  wealth;  and  now,  after  a  century 
of  civil  war,  in  which  the  states  swayed  from  one  ex- 
treme to  the  other,  we  close  with  the  contemplation  of 
an  absolute  despotism."  And  that  it  has  been  all  the 
time  until  its  downfall,  but  little  variation  being  pro- 
duced. Gibbon  says  :  Sometimes  the  spectators  at  the 
circus  amounted  to  four  hundred  thousand.  The 
Christian  princes  had  suppressed  the  inhuman  com- 
bats of  the  gladiators.  One  good  thing  they  did  in 
those  barbarian  days.  The  theatres  of  Rome  were 
filled  with  three  thousand  dancers,  all  females,  and 
three  thousand  singers.  Rome  was  measured,  and 
found  to  be  twenty-one  miles  in  circumference.  It  was 
nearly  a  circle,  and  the  houses  were  of  many  stories 
high,  so  as  to  contain  more  population.  It  contained 
over  a  million  of  people,  some  said  two  millions  ;  we 
think  the  first  estimate  is  enough.  Rome  was  be- 
sieged by  the  barbarian  Alaric.  Thousands  of  people 
died  of  hunger  in  their  houses.  The  haughty  aristoc- 
racy of   Rome   had  to  pay  their  superiors,  barbarians. 


262  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

Alaric  raised  the  siege  on  the  payment  of  five  thousand 
pounds  of  gold,  and  thirty  thousand  pounds  of  silver, 
and  four  thousand  robes  of  silk,  and  three  thousand 
pieces  of  fine  scarlet  cloth,  and  three  thousand  pounds 
of  pepper.  As  soon  as  the  Romans  had  satisfied  the 
rapacious  demands  of  the  barbarians,  they  were  re- 
stored in  some  measure  to  the  enjoyment  of  peace  and 
plenty. 

The  barbarian  was  at  the  head  of  one  hundred  thous- 
and fio^htins:  men,  but  the  barbarian  had  some  miss^iv- 
ings  of  future  evil.      In  his  great  success,  he  feared 
that  there  was  some  secret  weakness,  some  internal  de- 
fect, and  perhaps  he   dissembled.     But    he  repeatedly 
declared  that  it  was  his  desire  to  be  considered  as  the 
friend  of  peace  and  of  the  Romans.     The  Romans  sent 
an  escort  of  six  thousand  soldiers.     They  were  ordered 
to  march  from  Ravenna,  through  an  open  country  oc- 
cupied by  myriads  of  barbarians  ;  and  one  of  the  ambas- 
sadors they  were  escorting  had  to  pay  thirty  thousand 
pieces  of  gold  for  his  ransom.     The  six  thousand  were 
all  killed  but  one  hundred,  who  escaped  from  the  field 
of  carnage.     Olympius,  who  planned  the  scheme  of  es- 
corting the  commissioners,  was  afterward  punished  by 
having  his  ears  cut  off,  and  whipped  to  death.     The 
guards    rose  in    furious    mutiny,  and    demanded    the 
heads  of  two  generals  and  two  principal  eunuchs.    The 
generals,  under  a  perfidious  promise  of  safety,  were 
sent  on  ship-board  and  privately  executed,  while  the 
eunuchs  procured  them  a  mild  and  secure  exile  at  Mi- 
lan and  Constantinople.    Eusebius  was  beaten  to  death 
with  sticks,  in  the  presence  of  the  emperor,  and  Alto- 
bich  was  publicly  assassinated  in  a  procession.    Rome 
was  again  assaulted   by  Alaric ,  it  was  sacked  ;     the 
brutal  soldiers  satisfied  their   sensual  appetites;    tens 
of  thousands  were  massacred  ;  all  the  gold  and  jewels 
that    the    barbarians  could  find,  they  appropriated  to 
their  own  use,  and  the  palaces  of  Rome  were  stripped 
of  their  costly  furniture.     The  sideboards  of  massive 
plate,  wardrobes  of  fine  silk  and  purple,  were  piled  in- 
to wagons  and   taken   away.     The  citizens  were  sold 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       263 

at  auction  to  highest  bidders  ;  the  noblest  maidens 
were  sold  to  the  Syrian  merchants.  The  barbirians 
remained  in  Rome  six  days, and  then  marched  along 
the  Appian  Way,  laden  with  rich  and  weighty  spoils. 
He  plundered  the  southern  provinces  of  Italy,  and 
plundered  the  country.  He  meditated  the  subjugation 
of  Sicily ;  the  terrors  of  Scylla  and  Charybdis  had  no 
alarm  for  him.  He  embarked,  and  as  soon  as  the  first 
division  was  on  the  water,  a  tempest  arose  which  scat- 
tered many  of  the  transports.  A  new  element  daunted 
their  courage,  and  the  whole  design  was  defeated  by 
the  death  of  Alaric,  the  chief.  They,  by  great  labor, 
turned  the  river  Busentius,  a  small  river ;  and  the  splen- 
did spoils  of  Rome  were  deposited  in  the  bed  of  the 
river,  and  the  body  of  the  barbarian  with  them  was 
deposited  in  the  vacant  bed.  The  waters  were  then 
restored,  and  the  prisoners  who  had  done  the  work 
were  inhumanly  massacred,  and  the  remains  of  the 
barbarian  were  forever  concealed,  and  the  secret  place 
never  has  been  discovered.  We  have  abundantly 
proved  that  we  have  progressed  in  morals,  and  have 
also  proved  the  immorality  and  infamy  of  aristocracy, 
and  also  of  barbarism  ;  they  are  nearly  identical.  But 
the  fanatic  will  say  that  we  have  not  progressed  in 
morals.  The  aristocrat  fears  that  the  people  will  find 
out  his  utter  degradation,  and  unimportance,  and 
thieving  propensities,  and  his  hatred  to  the  working 
man,  and  detestation  of  labor,  and  his  robbery  and 
falsehoods;  and  if  the  people  find  out  the  fact  of  that 
list  of  crimes  and  vices,  his  occupation  is  gone  ;  and 
the  sooner  they  learn  that,  the  better  for  the  laboring 
man  it  will  be.  The  aristocrat  will  become  extinct ; 
he  will  depart  in  crime,  sin,  ignorance  and  party  spirit ; 
he  is  proof  against  proof;  he  is  unaffected  by  demon- 
stration;  he  is  sunk  in  iniquity;  he  is  armor-plated 
against  reason  and  common  sense. 

Adolphus,  the  brother-in-law  of  Alaric,  was  elected 
to  succeed  him  to  the  throne;  and  he  said  that  the  in- 
tractable spirit  of  the  Goths  was  incapable  of  bearing 
the  salutary  yoke  of  laws  and   civil   government,  and 


264  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

he  made  a  treaty  with  the  Roman  Emperor  of  friend- 
ship and  alliance,  and  such  offer  was  accepted  by  the 
Romans.  Adolphus  assumed  the  character  of  a  Rom- 
an general  and  marched  into  Gaul.  He  occupied  fair 
cities,  and  extended  his  quarters  from  the  Mediterra- 
nean to  the  ocean.  So  now  the  aristocracy  and  bar- 
barians were  united,  and  as  we  said  before,  there  is  but 
little  difference  in  the  two ;  robbery  and  plunder  are 
the  motto  of  both,  supplemented  with  treachery  and 
war  and  ignorance.  Maximus  was  appointed  Emper- 
or, but  in  a  short  time  he  was  executed.  Such  are  the 
crooked  ways  of  infamous  aristocracy.  In  the  space 
of  five  years,  seven  usurpers  had  yielded  to  the  fortunes 
of  a  prince  who  was  himself  incapable  of  counsel  or 
action.  And  this  verifies  the  old  maxim,  "  A  fool  for 
luck."  But  such  are  the  sinuous  and  vile  ways  of  an 
aristocracy.  All  this  period,  say  four  hundred  years, 
Spain  did  not  furnish  but  little  material  for  the  san- 
guineus aristocracy  of  the  Roman  Empire.  But  sev- 
en vials  of  wrath  were  poured  out  on  unfortunate  Spain. 
The  Germans  spread  terror  and  desolation  from  the 
Rhine  to  the  Pyrenees.  The  barbarians  exercised 
their  cruelties  on  the  fortunes  of  the  Romans  and  the 
Spaniards,  and  ravaged  the  cities  and  the  open  coun- 
try. The  progress  of  famine  reduced  the  miserable  in- 
habitants to  feed  on  the  flesh  of  their  fellow-creatures  ; 
and  even  the  wild  beasts,  which  multiplied  without 
control  in  the  desert,  were  exasperated  by  the  taste  of 
blood  and  hunger  boldly  to  attack  their  human  prey. 
Pestilence  soon  appeared,  the  inseparable  companion 
of  famine.  A  large  proportion  of  the  people  were 
swept  away,  and  the  groans  of  the  dying  excited  only 
the  envy  of  their  surviving  friends.  After  regulating 
the  partition  of  the  land  among  the  conquerors,  they 
made  arrangements  with  the  people  to  cultivate  the 
kinds.  Towns  and  villages  were  again  occupied  by 
the  captive  people. 

In  the  antechamber  of  Eutropius  a  large  tablet  is 
exposed  to  public  view  (Eutropius  was  a  eunuch) ;  this 
tablet   marks  the  prices  of    the  j)rovinces.     They  are 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        265 

all  accurately  stated.  During  the  expose  of  the  eu- 
nuch, Atunull,  in  Constantinople,  ended  the  guards 
(soldiers) ;  they  massacred  barbarians  to  the  number  of 
seven  thousand.  So  aristocracy  rules  the  world  with 
blood  and  pelf.  And  shortly  several,  or  many  thou- 
sand, were  massacred  ;  then  a  great  number  of  soldiers 
were  perfidiously  massacred.  The  same  Gainus,  who 
was  the  subject  of  all  this  blood,  was  himself  killed, 
and  nearly  all  his  followers.  Such  is  the  bloody  rule 
of  aristocracy.  And  yet  the  fanatic  will  say  that  we  do 
not  progress  in  morals  ;  we  say  we  are  advancing.  At 
this  time  soldiers  and  officers  and  people  were  contin- 
ually complaining  of  each  other,  laying  plans  to  have 
some  one  arrested  for  some  speculation,  and  the  steal- 
ings then  were  very  great.  Provinces  were  sold,  and 
•  it  was  continually  a  strife  among  the  aristocrats  who 
should  rule.  It  was  barbarian  against  aristocrat,  and 
aristocrat  against  barbarian,  and  it  was  nothing  but 
turmoil  continually.  It  was  enough  to  make  a  peace- 
able citizen  against  any  and  all  government.  The 
Christians  were  turbulent,  and  they  had  many  disputes 
about  doctrines,  which  they  knew  no  more  about  than 
a  horse  does  about  his  sire.  Strange  that  people  will 
quarrel  and  fight  to  the  death  about  abstractions,  that 
always  have  been  mysteries,  and  always  will  be  so 
mysterious.  Who  can  solve  it }  The  mathematicians 
do  not  quarrel  and  fight  about  a  problem ;  one  may 
say  that  Euclid's  demonstrations  were  all  wrong,  and 
no  professor  will  fight  with  him  about  the  matter;  but 
say  to  one  of  an  orthodox  sect  that  his  creed  is  non- 
sense, and  no  sensible  man  can  have  it ;  he  will  be 
ready  for  a  fight  or  quarrel.  We  cannot  solve  it.  Can 
you  ?  We  say,  Let  a  man  enjoy  his  opinion,  and  do 
not  be  too  harsh  with  him  ;  but  if  he  takes  your  prop- 
erty or  steals  your  labor,  or  furtively  purloins  your 
money,  we  say,  you  are  not  fit  to  dwell  in  a  free 
country,  or  any  country,  if  you  do  not  give  him  As- 
modeus.  The  aristocracy  has  always  stolen  the  work- 
ingman's  labor,  or  money,  in  many  ways,  and  the  silly 
dunces  have  said  they  always  have  done  so — and  they 


266  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

always  will  do  so.  We  say  that  we  are  in  favor  of 
putting  a  stop  to  this  stealing,  robbing,  swindling,  as 
soon  as  possible ;  and  we  will  give  a  plain  exposition 
of  their  robberies,  so  that  any  man  of  common  sense 
can  be  satisfied  ;  and  every  man  that  has  a  soul  should 
be  anxious  to  see  the  exposition.  But  the  four  mil- 
lions strong  will  not  see,  nor  hear  their  own  interests  ; 
they  will  go  it  right  or  wrong.  But,  says  the  tool  of 
aristocracy,  there  is  no  such.  We  will  show  them  to 
you  in  their  ghastly  nakedjie^s.  The  wife  of  Theodo- 
sius,  V  udocia,  it  is  said,  her  gifts  amounted  to  four 
million  dollars  ;  that  points  to  the  way  the  money  went 
— all  went  in  the  coffers  of  aristocracy.  The  laborer 
was  not  worthy  of  his  hire;  the  drones  took  the  lion's 
share — and  so  they  do  now,  but  how  long  will  it  con- 
tinue? Laboring  man,  it  is  for  you  to  say;  and  we 
say  that  any  man  who  is  a  workingman,  and  is  in  fa- 
vor of  the  aristocracy  and  drones  having  the  benefit 
of  his  labor,  by  cheating,  and  lying,  and  swindling,  and 
class  legislation,  is  a  fool  and  a  barbarian  ;  and  a  poor 
tool  for  aristocracy,  and  an  enemy  to  his  race,  and 
does  not  know  his  interest,  and  will  be  a  hewer  of  wood 
and  drawer  of  water,  and  may  heaven  have  mercy  on  his 
poor  ignorant  soul.  He  is  one  of  the  four  millions 
strong,  and  there  is  no  hope  for  him.  We  pity  him,  but 
he  is  determined  to  injure  himself  and  class,  and  the 
sooner  he  becomes  extinct,  the  better  for  all  concerned. 
He  who  will  suffer  himself  to  be  robbed,  and  will  help 
the  robbers  plunderhis  fellow  creatures,  is  a  poor  degrad- 
ed tool  and  automaton.  The  worst  thing  in  the  world  is 
aristocracy;  it  has  cost  the  people  weeping,  and  wail- 
ing, and  gnashing  of  teeth.  Old  Nick  never  can  do 
a  tithe  of  the  mischief  that  the  predacious  aristocracy 
has  done  ;  and  we  will  give  you  some  figures  to  show 
their  ^^r^^^. 

Some  Christian  fugitives  escaped  to  the  Roman 
frontiers,  were  demanded  and  refused,  and  the  refusal, 
aggravated  by  commercial  disputes,  soon  kindled  a 
war  between  the  two  monarchies.  The  war  raged  for 
some  time  without  any  material  advantage  to  either 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         267 

side.  A  Persian  challenged  the  Romans  to  single 
combat :  Areobudius  accepted  ;  the  Persian  was  en- 
tangled in  the  net  and  slain  by  the  sword  of  the  Rom- 
an. Ten  thousand  Persians  were  slain  in  the  attack 
on  the  Roman  camp,  and  a  hundred  thousand  Sara- 
cens drowned  in  the  Euphrates.  The  images  of  the 
Persian  churches  were  sold,  and  made  use  of  by  the 
Roman  general.  Notice  aristocracy  robbing  the 
churches!  They  will  rob  any  body,  person,  or  corpo- 
ration. They  cannot  do  otherwise  than  to  rob,  steal 
and  plunder.  They  have  done  nothing  else  for  hun- 
dreds of  generations,  and  it  has  become  second  na- 
ture, a  confirmed  habit,  an  instinct.  So  with  war; 
they  have  always  practiced  it,  and  they  always  will, 
until  the  people  put  a  stop  to  it  ;  and  that  they  will  as 
soon  as  they  come  to  reason  and  understanding.  They 
now  are  like  boys  in  society  ;  they  have  not  yet  grown 
to  years  of  sense  and  discretion,  but  they  will  learn 
to  discern  what  is  for  their  interest  in  the  not  far  dis- 
tant future.  But,  says  the  egregious  fool,  war  is  a 
necessity.  One  simpleton  told  him  so,  and  he  swal- 
lowed the  poisonous  dose  like  a  silly  gull,  and  believes 
it.  So  it  is,  one  liar  and  fool  makes  many.  Genseric 
conquered  Carthage.  He  promulgated  an  edict, 
which  compelled  all  persons  without  delay  to  deliver 
their  gold,  silver,  jewels  and  valuable  furniture  and 
apparel  to  the  royal  officers  ;  and  the  attempt  to  se- 
crete any  part  of  their  patrimony  was  inexorably  pun- 
ished with  death  and  torture,  as  an  act  of  treason 
against  the  State.  The  land  was  divided  among  the 
barbarians.  So  the  barbarians  took  all  the  valuables 
of  the  people.  There  is  an  identity  between  the  bar- 
barians and  aristocracy  ;  there  is  scarcely  any  differ- 
ence ;  what  some  would  call  barbarians,  others  would 
with  propriety  call  aristocracy.  They  take  the  earn- 
ings of  the  people.  Aristocracy  is  a  government  by  a 
few.  They  may  be  learned  or  not;  they  may  be  ignor- 
ant, rude,  unlettered;  they  may  be  cannibals,  and  still 
be  aristocracy  in  all  cases.  They  do  not  work,  and 
those  who  do  not  work  generally  must  steal.  It  is 
certainly  imperative  on  them. 


268  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

IMMORALITY  AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY. 

Ecclesiastical  history  has  the  following  legend,  called 
the  Seven  Sleepers.  The  Emperor  Decidus  persecut- 
ed the  Christians,  and  seven  noble  youth  of  Ephesus 
concealed  themselves  in  a  spacious  cave  in  the  side  of 
a  mountain.  The  tyrant  gave  orders  that  the  entrance 
should  be  closed  by  a  pile  of  stones.  They  fell  asleep. 
One  hundred  and  eighty-seven  years  afterwards,  the 
entrance  was  opened  by  removing  the  stones.  They 
awoke,  and  were  hungry.  They  sent  one  of  their  num- 
ber to  purchase  bread.  Mahomed  has  introduced  this 
legend  into  the  Koran,  and  it  has  been  adopted  from 
Bengal  to  Africa,  and  it  is  known  in  the  remote  ex- 
tremities of  Scandinavia.  A  great  change  had  been 
made  in  those  one  hundred  and  eighty-seven  years. 
Next,  we  will  notice  the  general  and  king,  Attiia,  the 
Hun.  His  father  was  about  making  a  treaty  with  the 
Romans,  when  he  died.  Attiia  succeeded  to  ihe 
throne  in  conjunction  with  Bleda,  who  were  nephews 
of  Regulus.  They,  the  two  nephews,  undertook  to 
form  a  treaty  with  the  Romans.  They  met  near  the 
City  of  Margus.  The  barbarians  would  not  dismount, 
so  the  business  was  transacted  on  horseback;  the  de- 
mands of  Attiia  were  excessively  unreasonable.  It 
w^ould  not  be  easv  for  a  victorious  Q:eneral,  who  would 
exact  such  arbitrary  and  tyrannical  terms  from  a  cap- 
tive and  subdued  enemy.  Attiia  crucified  some  youths 
of  a  royal  race,  which  impressed  the  Romans  with  the 
terror  of  his  name.  He  then  subdued  some  indepen- 
dent nations  of  Scythia  and  Germany.  Zingis  and  At- 
tiia surpassed  their  countrymen  in  art  more  than  cour- 
ap'c.  It  was  tau2;ht  that  the  viririn  mother  was  of  a 
miraculous  conception;  and,  therefore,  he  was  consid- 
ered above  human  nature  ;  and  a  prophet  in  the  name 
of  the  Deity  had  invested  him  with  the  empire  of  the 
earth,  which  made  his  soldiers  have  implicit  faith  in 
his  power  and  intelligence ;  and   the  religious  arts  of 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        269 

Attila  were  not  less  skillfully  adapted  to  the  calibre  of 
the  people  of  the  country.  Attila  sacrificed  sheep, 
horses,  and  the  hundredth  captive;  and  the  barbarian 
princes  who  served  under  him  said  that  they  dare  not 
presume  to  gaze  with  a  steady  eye  on  the  divine  maj- 
esty of  the  king  of  the  Huns.  His  brother  Bleda,  who 
reigned  over  a  considerable  part  of  the  nation,  was 
compelled  to  resign  his  sceptre  and  his  life.  The  in- 
fernal brute  killed  his  brother,  but  such  are  the  ways 
of  aristocracy.  Read  the  head  of  the  page  ;  so  goes 
barbarism  and  aristocracy  ;  there  is  no  crime  but  what 
they  will  do.  They  do  not  work,  but  what  follows  they 
will  do,  rob,  steal,  lie,  swear  false,  cheat.  Aristocracy  is 
the  bane  and  venomous  poison  of  the  world.  It  is 
that  which  occasions  the  greatest  difificulties  in  society. 
Henry  George  writes  some  few  good  things;  one  par- 
ticularly, on  the  land  question  ;  but  he  is  not  profound 
enough  to  touch  the  sore  spot,  and  he  gives  no  anti- 
dotes. We  cannot  say ;  but  the  deficiencies  of  his  book 
in  a  few  important  particulars,  we  at  a  future  time  will 
notice.  Some  points  assist  the  aristocracy  indirectly, 
and  he  gives  no  preventatives.  He  fears  the  drones, 
perhaps. 

Attila  subdued  the  islands  of  the  Baltic,  and  one  of 
his  lieutenants  almost  exterminated  the  Burgundians 
of  the  Rhine.  Notice:  almost  exterminated.  Aris- 
tocracy to  a  dot.  If  you  come  in  the  way,  or  do  not 
do  as  they  want  you  to,  they  will  exterminate  you  and 
your  kith  and  kin.  Keep  a  watch  on  those  reptiles. 
They  do  not  work,  and  those  who  do  not  work,  will, 
and  generally  must,  steal.  Every  person  should  have 
some  legitimate  business  to  earn  a  living.  Some  live 
on  what  they  have  stolen  some  time  since.  Do  not 
let  a  scrubby  skunk  steal  from  you,  if  you  can  help  it. 
And  if  you  know  it,  put  a  stop  to  it  as  soon  as  you  can. 
Many  help  the  aristocracy  to  steal.  Any  person  who 
assists  a  thief  to  steal  is  no  better  than  a  thief,  and  the 
law  holds  the  abettor  responsible ;  and  thousands  are 
assisting  the  aristocracy  in  stealing,  and  think  they  are 
doing  a  smart  act.     Poor  fools !      We  can  name  many 


270  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

such,  and  we  can  name  some  poverty  stricken  ignora- 
muses, who  have  stolen  from  themselves  sufficient  to 
make  them  in  good  circumstances.  But  that  is  not 
the  worst  of  it,  they  stole  from  their  wives,  and  chil- 
dren, and  friends.  But  to  cap  the  climax,  they  stole 
from  society,  from  all  the  people,  and  give  it  to  the 
aristocracy,  and  drones,  and  knaves,  and  liars,  and 
thieves,  and  think  they  are  doing  a  great  thing.  Some 
of  what  we  are  saying,  every  man  of  sense  and  reason 
knows.  But  we  give  them  as  propositions  which  we 
shall  prove,  shall  demonstrate  to  the  greatest  fools,  if 
they  endeavor  to  see  it.  And  the  four  millions  strong 
are  determined  not  to  see  it.  What  must  we  say  of 
men  who  are  helping  robbers  and  get  nothing  for  it  .f* 
Boycotting  is  too  good  for  such  hounds.  Attila  had 
command  of  many  provinces.  He  could  bring  into  the 
field  from  five  to  seven  hundred  thousand  aristocratic 
barbarians,  and  they  considered  him  a  deity  ;  no  king  of 
his  province  dare  rebel  against  him.  They  were  as  one 
man.  What  Attila  said  was  law,  and  not  to  be  dis- 
obeyed. Under  the  faith  of  a  treaty,  a  free  market 
was  held  on  the  northern  side  of  the  Danube,  which 
was  protected  by  a  fortress  named  Constantia.  A 
troop  of  Attila's  barbarians  violated  the  commercial 
security,  killed  or  dispersed  the  unsuspecting  traders, 
and  leveled  the  fortress  with  the  ground.  The  Huns 
justified  the  outrage,  and  pretended  that  they,  the  trad- 
ers, .were  there  for  the  purpose  of  stealing,  and  de- 
manded the  guilty  Bishop  of  Margus.  The  refusal  of 
the  Romans  was  a  signal  of  war.  The  Huns  destroy- 
ed the  populous  cities  of  Sirmium,  Singidunum,  Ra- 
tiaria,  Marcopolis,  Naissus,  and  Sardica.  Ihe  whole 
breadth  of  Europe  was  at  once  invaded,  and  occupied 
by  myriads  of  barbarians.  Seventy  cities  were  destroy- 
ed. The  prisoners  were  divided  into  lots.  The  first, 
the  soldiers,  were  enlisted  into  the  army  of  the  Huns; 
if  they  did  not  want  them  they  were  massacred.  The 
second  class  consisted  of  young  and  beautiful  women, 
for  whom  a  ransom  might  be  expected;  the  remain- 
der, old  men,  old  women,  and  children  were  permitted 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       27 1 

to  return  to  the  city,  but  were  stripped  of  all  valuables, 
and  a  tax  imoosed  on  them.  And  the  mongrels  were 
not  conscious  of  any  rigor.  Such  was  barbarian  aris- 
tocracy. The  slightest  excuse  would  cause  them  to 
massacre  whole  cities,  men,  women,  and  children  ;  they 
leveled  the  cities,  so  that  their  horses  could  ride  over 
the  ground  and  not  stumble.  Zingis  destroyed  the 
great  capitals,  and  the  exact  amount  was  taken  of  the 
slain,  and  it  amounted  to  four  million  three  hundred 
and  forty-seven  thousand  persons.  Tamerlane,  in  his 
camp  before  Delhi,  massacred  one  hundred  thousand 
Indian  prisoners,  because  they  smiled  when  the  army 
of  their  countrymen  appeared  in  sight.  The  people 
of  Ispahan  furnished  seventy  thousand  skulls  for  the 
structure  of  several  lofty  towers.  For  the  revolt  of 
Bagdad,  ninety  thousand  skulls  were  exacted.  Attila 
used  to  insert  among  his  several  titles:  The  Scourge 
of  God.  The  Germans,  who  exterminated  Barus  and 
his  legions,  cut  out  the  tongue  of  an  advocate,  and 
sewed  up  his  mouth,  and  then  said  that  he  could  not 
hiss,  and  laughed;  and  the  author  says  that  particular 
instances  would  be  endless.  And  yet  men  who  think 
they  know'much  say  we  are  not  progressing,  and  the 
aristocrats  say  we  are  going  back  to  barbarism  ;  but 
the  best  and  most  learned  men  say  we  are  progressing 
in  every  thing. 

It  may  be  affirmed-  that  the  Huns  depopulated  the 
provinces  of  the  Roman  empire,  by  the  number  of 
Romans  they  led  away  as  captives  ;  what  they  did  with 
them  it  is  hard  to  tell ;  no  doubt  it  was  worse  than 
death  to  the  captives.  Attila  ate  nothing  but  meat. 
He  was  an  original,  aristocratic  barbarian  thorough- 
bred ;  he  was  a  primordial  aristocrat,  and  if  he  was 
living  today  and  in  this  country,  we  have  no  doubt 
this  fish  aristocracy  of  this  country,  this  bogus  aris- 
tocracy, this  counterfeit,  codfish  aristocracy,  would  de- 
ify their  progenitor  to  the  celestial  regions,  and  pros- 
trate themselves  before  him,  and  kiss  his  great  toe. 
You  have  noticed  how  the  English  thoroughbred  aris- 
tocracy worship  any  one  who  is  a  king  or  chief  from 


2/2  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

any  barbarian  country,  and  the  codfish  aristocracy 
worship  a  queen  much  more  than  one  of  their  own 
country  ladies.  They  have  a  great  respect  for  their 
progenitors  ;  they  deify  their  primordial  barbarian  aris- 
tocrats ;  and  so  do  our  degenerate  and  effeminate,  scur- 
vy, and  corrupt,  and  degraded,  and  vile,  and  treacher- 
ous, and  low  aristocracy.  That  also  proves  that  the 
aristocracy  of  this  country  is  barbarian  ;  we  shall  prove 
before  we  get  through  with  them  that  they  are  nothing 
else.  A  plan  was  laid  to  assassinate  Attila,  and  the 
emperor  of  the  Roman  empire  was  engaged  in  it,  and 
Attila  discovered  it,  and  ordered  the  head  of  the 
leader  to  be  taken  off.  A  commission  was  sent  to 
pacify  Attila,  which  they  did  by  paying  an  enormous 
sum  of  money,  and  Chrysaphalus's  head  was  saved  for 
a  short  time.  Attila  proved  himself  abetter  man  than 
Theodosius,  the  emperor.  Theodosius  did  not  long 
survive  this  great  disgrace.  In  riding  out  on  horse- 
back along  a  river,  he  was  thrown  from  his  horse  into 
the  river,  and  his  spine  was  injured,  from  which  he 
died  some  days  afterwards.  His  sister  Pulcheria  was 
chosen  empress.  She  gave  her  hand  to  Marcian,  a 
senator,  and  he  was  invested  with  the  impeHal  purple, 
so  Marcian  was  emperor  of  the  Roman  empire.  yEtius 
was  the  Roman  general  who  was  too  much  warrior 
for  Attila.  He  saved  the  Roman  empire,  and  defeat- 
ed the  barbarian  aristocratic  chief,  Attila,  in  one  of 
the  greatest  battles  that  ever  was  fought.  He  excel- 
led in  managing  a  horse,  in  drawing  the  bow,  and 
throwing  the  javelin.  The  barbarians  had  respect  for 
^tius,  and  he  vanqnished  the  Franks  and  the  Suevi 
in  the  field,  and  compelled  them  to  become  useful 
members  of  the  empire  (Gibbon  says  the  republic). 
That  is  the  meanest  idea  Gibbon  endeavors  to  estab- 
lish. Gibbon  is  an  aristocratic  barbarian  ;  he  desires 
to  get  rid  of  the  terrible  bloody  massacres,  and  the  in- 
human slaughterings,  and  the  infernal  treachery,  and 
tartarean  and  vile  acts  of  the  aristocracy. 

It  is  a  falsehood  to  say  that  the  Roman  empire  was 
a  republic,  and  Gibbon  knew  better,  and  every  sensi- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        273 

ble  man  knows  better.     We  say  to  our  readers,  do  not 
be  misled  by  Gibbon  or  any  vile  barbarian  aristocrat. 
A  man  should  be   ashamed  to  say  that  an  empire  in 
which  the   people  have   nothing  to  say  is  a  republic. 
The  emperor,  the  senate,  the  soldiers  were  the  empire; 
the  people  were  a  zero ;  and  shame  for  any  one  to  say 
that  the  Roman  empire  was  a  republic.     But  Gibbon 
or  his  translator  is  ashamed,  and  is  galled  with  the 
stigma  on  the  acts  of  the  empire,  and  wishes  to  remove 
it  to  the  shoulders  of  republicanism.      It  is  too  bare- 
faced, and  no  truthful  and  intelligent  man  will  believe 
an  empire  a  republic.     There  would  be  just  as  much 
propriety  in   saying  that  the  Russian    Empire   was  a 
republic,  that  the  German  Empire  was  a  republic,  that 
the   British   Empire   was  a  republic,  that  the  Chinese 
Empire  (worse  than  all)  was  a  republic,  that  Pande- 
monium was  a  collection  of  popes,  cardinals  and  saints, 
archbishops,  priests,  and  monks,     .^tius  killed  twenty 
thousand  Burgundians  in   battle,   and  the  remains  of 
the  nation    humbly  accepted  a  dependent  seat  in  the 
mountains  of  Savoy.     The  walls   of  Narbonne  were 
shaken  by  the  battering  rams,  and  the  inhabitants  re- 
duced to  the   last  extremities  of  famine,  when   Count 
Litorius  approached  in  silence  with  two  sacks  of  flour 
behind  each  horseman,  and  cut  his  way  through  the 
besiegers.    The  siege  was  immediately  raised,  a  victory 
followed,    and   ^tius    killed    eight   thousand    Goths. 
y^tius  was  summoned  to  Italy.     Count  Litorius  took 
the  command.    He  had  the  over-estimation  of  his  gen- 
eralship, was  careless,  and  had  a  contempt  for  his  en- 
emies.   He   advanced   to  the  gates  of  Toulouse  ;   the 
presages  of  the  Augurs  had  made  him  full  of  confidence, 
and  that  he  should  enter  the  Gothic  capital  ;  and  the 
trust  he  had  in  his  pagan  allies  encouraged  him  to  re- 
ject  the   fair  conditions  of  peace.     The  king  of  the 
Goths  was   in   distress,  and  clothed  in  sackcloth  and 
ashes  until  prepared  to  arm  for  combat.     His  soldiers, 
full  of  enthusiasm,  assaulted  the  camp  of  Litorius;  the 
conflict  was  obstinate,  the  slaughter  was  mutual.    The 
Roman  general,  after  a  total  defeat  which  could  only 

18 


274  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

be  attributed  to  his  rashness,  was  taken  prisoner,  and 
led  through  the  streets  of  Toulouse  in  triumph,  and 
the  misery  which  he  endured  excited  the  sympathy  of 
the  barbarians;  his  captivity  was  long  and  ignominious. 
This  encouraged  the  Goths.  But  yEtius  restored 
strength  and  discipline  to  the  Romans.  The  two 
generals  expected  a  signal  and  decisive  action,  but 
the  generals,  who  were  conscious  of  each  other's  force 
and  doubtful  of  their  own  superiority,  prudently 
sheathed  their  swords,  and  the  reconciliation  was  per- 
manent and  sincere.  The  queen  of  Suevi  bewailed 
the  death  of  a  husband  inhumanly  massacred  by  her 
brother.  The  princess  of  the  Vandals  was  the  victim 
of  a  jealous  tyrant  whom  she  called  her  father.  The 
cruel  Genseric  suspected  that  his  son's  wife  had  con- 
spired to  poison  him  ;  the  supposed  crime  was  pun- 
ished by  the  amputation  of  her  nose  and  ears,  and  the 
unhappy  wife  of  Theodoric  was  ignominiously  returned 
to  the  court  of  Toulouse,  in  that  deformed  and  mutil- 
ated state.  This  horrid  act,  which  must  be  incredible 
to  a  civilized  age,  drew  tears  from  every  spectator;  but 
Theodoric  was  urged  by  the  feelings  of  a  parent  and 
a  king  to  revenge  such  irreparable  injuries.  Clodius 
was  encamped  in  the  plains  of  Artois,  and  celebrating 
the  nuptial  feast  of  his  son.  The  ceremony  was  inter- 
rupted by  an  unexpected  presence  of  yEtius,  who  had 
passed  the  Somme  at  the  head  of  his  light  cavalry. 
The  tables  which  had  been  spread  under  the  shelter 
of  a  hill  along  a  pleasant  stream  were  rudely  over- 
turned, the  Franks  were  oppressed  before  they  could 
get  their  arms  and  their  ranks,  and  their  valor  did  not 
prevent  their  disaster,  which  was  woeful  to  all  con- 
cerned, groom,  bride,  and  all  the  maids.  The  loaded 
wagons,  which  followed  their  march,  afforded  a  rich 
booty  ;  and  the  virgin  bride  with  her  female  attend- 
ants submitted  to  the  new  lovers  who  were  imposed 
on  them  by  the  usages  of  war. 

The  distress  of  Cologne  was  prolonged  by  the  per- 
petual dominion  of  the  same  barbarians  who  effect- 
ed the  ruin  of  Treves,  which  had  been  beseiged  and 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         275 

pillaged  four  times  in  forty  years,  was  disposed  to  lose 
the  memory  of  her  affections  in  the  amusement  of  the 
circus.  Attila  declared  himself  the  lover  and  cham- 
pion of  the  princess  Honoria,  the  sister  of  Valentinian. 
She  was  educated  in  the  palace  of  Ravenna,  and  as 
her  marriage  might  be  productive  of  some  danger  to 
the  state,  she  was  elevated,  by  the  title  of  Augusta, 
above  the  hopes  of  the  most  presumptive  subject.  But 
the  fair  Honoria  had  no  sooner  attained  the  age  of 
sixteen,  than  she  detested  the  importunate  greatness 
which  must  forever  exclude  her  from  pleasures  of  hon- 
orable love.  In  the  midst  of  vain  and  unsatisfactory 
pomp,  Honoria  sighed  to  the  impulse  of  nature,  and 
threw  herself  into  the  arms  of  her  chamberlain,  Euge- 
nius.  Her  guilt  and  shame  (such  is  the  absurd  lan- 
guage of  imperious  man),  were  soon  betrayed  by  the 
appearance  of  her  form  ;  but  the  disgrace  of  the  royal 
family  was  published  to  the  world  by  the  imprudence  of 
the  Empress  Placidia,  who  dismissed  her  daughter,  af- 
ter a  strict  confinement,  to  a  remote  exile  at  Constan- 
tinople. The  unhappy  princess  passed  twelve  or  four- 
teen years  in  the  irksome  society  of  the  sisters  of 
Theodusius  and  their  chosen  virgins.  She  resolved 
to  deliver  her  person  in  the  arms  of  a  barbarian.  A 
eunuch  assisted  her  to  send  a  ring  to  Attila,  as  a 
pledge  of  her  affections ;  and  by  a  letter  or  word  she 
conjured  him  to  claim  her  as  a  lawful  spouse,  to 
whom  he  had  been  secretly  betrothed.  These  ad- 
vances did  not  produce  any  effect.  The  invasion  of 
Gaul  was  preceded  and  justified  by  a  formal  demand 
of  the  Princess  Honoria,  with  a  just  and  equal  share 
of  the  imperial  patrimony.  A  firm  but  temperate  re- 
fusal was  communicated  to  his  embassadors.  On  the 
discovery  of  her  correspondence  with  the  king  of  the 
Huns,  the  princess  had  been  sent  away  as  an  object 
of  horror  from  the  city  of  Constantinople  to  Italy. 
Her  life  was  spared,  but  the  ceremopny  of  a  marriage 
with  a  nominal  husband  was  performed  before  she 
was  immured  in  a  perpetual  prison,  to  bewail  those 
misfortunes  which  Honoria  might   have  escaped,  had 


276  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

she  not  been  born  the  daughter  of  an  emperor.  At- 
tila  besieged  the  city  of  Metz,  and  massacred  the 
priests,  who  served  at  the  altar,  and  infants;  the 
flourishing  city  was  delivered  to  the  flames  ;  but  one 
building  was  left  to  designate  the  place  the  city  form- 
erly stood.  Such  is  barbarianism,  and  its  cognation 
aristocracy.  Bad  as  the.  world  is  at  present ;  it  once 
was  much  worse.  Proof  that  we  are  progressing  in 
morals,  in  spite  of  the  traditional  teachings  of  aristoc- 
racy. 

Attila  marched  to  the  city  of  Orleans,  and  laid 
siege  to  it.  Sangiban  promised  to  betray  the  city  in 
the  hands  of  Attila,  but  the  treason  was  discovered. 
The  city  had  strengthened  with  fortifications.  A  bishop, 
Anianus,  done  good  service  in  preventing  the  capture 
of  the  place.  He  sent  a  trusty  servant  to  the  top  of  a 
rampart,  if  he  could  see  any  assistance  coming ;  he  re- 
turned twice  without  any  intelligence  that  could  be  of 
any  hope  or  comfort ;  but  in  his  third  report  he  said 
he  saw  a  small  cloud  on  the  horizon.  The  remote  ob- 
ject continually  grew  larger  and  more  distinct;  soon 
the  banners  of  the  Romans  and  Goths  were  distinctly 
seen,  and  the  squadrons  of  yEtius  and  Theodoric  were 
distinctly  seen  pressing  forward  to  the  rescue  of  the 
city  of  Orleans.  yEtius  was  the  sole  guardian  of  the 
public  safety,  and  he  passed  the  Alps  at  the  head  of 
some  troops,  whose  strength  scarcly  deserved  the  name 
of  an  army;  but  he  soon  had  accessions  from  which 
source  he  scarcely  expected.  Theodoric  also  joined 
iEtius;  several  tribes  also  joined  his  standard.  On 
their  approach  the  king  of  the  Huns  raised  the  siege 
of  Orleans,  which  he  had  already  entered  and  began 
to  pillage.  Attila  was  a  discreet  barbarian  ;  he  saw 
that  it  was  not  judicious  to  risk  an  action  in  the  prov- 
ince of  the  Gauls;  he  concluded  to  repass  the  Seine 
and  meet  the  Romans  on  the  plains  of  Chalons,  where 
the  ground  was  favorable  for  his  Scythian  light  cavalry. 
The  Romans  pressed  the  Huns  severely,  and  fifteen 
thousand  barbarians  of  the  Franks  and  Gepidae  were 
slain  ;  it  was  a  prelude  to  a  more  general  and  decisive 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       277 

encounter.  The  Catalanman  fields  spread  themselves 
around  Chalons  to  the  extent  of  a  hundred  miles.  The 
plain  had  some  inequalities ;  one  height  commanding 
the  camp  of  the  Huns  was  disputed  by  the  two  gen- 
erals. Torismond  first  occupied  the  summit ;  the 
Goths  rushed  with  irresistible  weight  on  the  Huns, 
who  labored  to  ascend  from  the  opposite  side  ;  the 
Romans  kept  the  possession  of  the  summit,  Attila, 
the  superstitious  barbarian,  consulted  the  priests  and 
Haruspices  ;  they  revealed  in  mysterious  language  his 
own  defeat,  with  the  death  of  his  principal  adversary. 
The  Huns  were  despondent,  and  Attila  delivered  an 
oration.  He  said,  "1,  myself,  will  throw  the  first  jave- 
lin, and  the  wretch  who  refuses  to  imitate  the  exam- 
ple of  his  sovereign  is  destined  to  a  certain  death." 
The  contest  was  barbarian  against  a  greater  barbar- 
ian, and  was  decided  by  blind  impetuosity.  It  was  a 
conflict,  fierce,  obstinate,  various  and  bloody,  such  as 
could  not  be  paralleled,  either  in  the  present  or  past 
ages.  The  number  of  slain  amounted  to  a  hundred 
and  sixty-two  thousand ;  another  account,  three  hun- 
dred thousand.  Whole  generations  swept  to  eternity 
in  a  few  hours  by  the  madness  of  kings. 

Such  is  the  work  of  a  vile,  infamous,  immoral,  in- 
sane, fanatic,  unfeeling,  heartless,  soulless,  unsympa- 
thizing  and  infernal  barbarian  aristocracy.  What  care 
they  for  the  lives  of  laboring  men  ?  They  will  mind 
that  not  many  of  them  go  where  they  smell  powder. 
Laboring  men,  it  has  been  left  for  you  to  stop  this  di- 
abolical work  ;  it  is  ruin  to  you,  destruction  and  devas- 
tation to  you  and  your  children  and  children's  children. 
The  only  way  to  stop  this  bloodshed  and  slaughter  is 
to  put  the  quietus  on  the  barbarian  aristocracy ;  and 
you  must  begin  the  task  at  once,  and  drive  the  infer- 
nalsfrom  all  offices,  and  do  your  own  business  yourself. 
It  will  not  do  to  let  liars  and  thieves  and  knaves  and 
cheats  and  treacherous  villains  who  hate  you  do  pub- 
lic business.  .  They  rob  you  of  your  last  penny,  and 
£nd  fault  that  you  have  no  more.  They  hate  you, 
they  despise  you,  they  abominate  you,  they  detest  and 


278  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

abhor  you.  Do  you  think  a  man  can  respect  and  have 
a  good  opinion  of  a  fellow  that  he  is  continually  rob- 
bing ?  No.  He  knows  that  if  the  fellow  finds  out 
that  he  is  being  robbed,  he  will  have  revenge.  So 
then  you  see  while  he  is  robbing  the  fellow  he  is  dis- 
arming him,  because  he  knows  he  deserves  worse  than 
death,  and  he  is  in  continual  fear.  And  the  only  sal- 
vation for  the  workingman  is  to  put  a  stop  to  this  rob- 
bing and  stealing.  We  know  that  those  that  are  stolen 
from  are  getting  poorer,  that  is,  politically  weaker,  and 
less  able  to  help  themselves.  It  is  just  like  taking 
your  life's  blood  from  you,  every  ounce  weakens  you ; 
and  the  thief  knows  that  his  only  safety  is  to  take  so 
much  of  your  strength  as  will  enable  him  to  handle 
you  with  safety.  Now,  get  out  of  this  predicament  be- 
fore it  is  too  late  ;  then  you  will  be  sorry,  and  worse, 
you  wall  bring  distress  and  poverty  and  misery  on  mil- 
lions and  millions  yet  unborn.  "  But,"  says  the  hire- 
ling, the  tool  of  barbarian  aristocracy,  "  what  is  all  this 
talk  of  robbing  and  plundering  for  .f*  I  cannot  see 
that  we  are  robbed."  You  have  read  of  wars  continu- 
ally;  billions  have  been  killed  ;  and  did  all  this  work 
cost  nothing.'^  Yes,  the  fool  will  say,  it  cost  some 
money.  No  doubt  it  cost  billions  of  millions^ — that  is 
a  billion  multiplied  by  a  million — and  the  workingmen 
had  to  do  the  fighting  on  both  sides,  and  also  had  to 
pay  the  billion  on  both  sides,  and  the  barbarian  aris- 
tocrat made  money  by  it,  and  the  poor  man  looks  up 
to  him.  You  must  look  down  on  the  miserable  scamp. 
This  makes  the  poor  man  poorer,  and  the  rich  man 
richer.  Are  you  satisfied  with  the  situation  .f*  We 
know  of  many  who  are  satisfied,  and  always  will  be. 
They  do  not  know  the  situation  we  are  in,  and  they 
are  determined  not  to  know.  They  are  ignorant  of 
the  matter,  and  are  resolved  to  remain  so  for  life. 

Attila,  though  beaten  at  Chalons,  w^as  not  subdued. 
In  the  spring  he  repeated  his  demand  of  the  Princess 
Honoria  and  her  patrimonial  treasures.  The  demand 
was  again  rejected  or  eluded,  and  he  again  took  the 
warpath  and  invaded  Italy,  and  beseiged  Aquileia  with 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        279 

many   barbarians.     The  captives   had  to  execute  the 
most  dangerous  work.      Aquileia  at  this  time  was  one 
of  the  richest,  most  populous,  and  the  strongest  of  the 
cities   on   the  coast.     Three  months  were  consumed 
without  any  effect,  and  Attila  reluctantly  gave  orders 
that  in  the  morning  they  should  retreat.      But,  as  he 
rode  around   the  wall,  pensive,  angry,  and   disappoint- 
ed, he  observed  a  stork  preparing  to  leave  her  nest  in 
one  of  the  towers,  and  fly  with  her  infant  family  to- 
ward the  country.     He  seized  this  trifling  incident  as 
a  harbinger  of  success.     He  said  such  a  domestic  bird 
would  not  leave  if  the  future  was  fortunate.     This  in- 
cident was  taken  as   an    omen   of   success.     The    city 
was  assaulted  at  the  place  the  stork  flew  from  ;   a  large 
breech  was  made  in  the  wall.     The  Huns  mounted  to 
the  assault  with   irresistible  fury,  and  the  succeeding 
generation   could    scarcely  discover  the  ruins   of  the 
city.     The  inhabitants  were,  no  doubt,  massacred.    Al- 
tinum,  Padua,  Concordia  were  reduced  into  heaps  of 
stones  and  ashes.     The  inland  towns  Vincenza,  Vero- 
na and  Bergamo  were  exposed  to  the  rapacious  cruel- 
ty of  the  Huns.      Milan  and   Pavia  submitted  without 
resistance  to  the  loss  of  their  wealth,  and   applauded 
the  unusual  clemency  which  preserved  from  the  flames 
the  public  as  well  as  private  buildings,  and  spared  the 
lives  of  the  captive  multitude  ;  and  he  spread  his  rav- 
ages over  the  plains  of  modern  Lombardy.     Any  per- 
son can   perceive  that  aristocracy  will  not  do.     Who 
dare  say  that  aristocracy  is  fit  to  govern  ?     None  but 
their  base  hirelings.     Any  person  of  honor  will  say 
that  we  are  progressing  in  morals.     But,  says  the  fool, 
man  is  a  failure.      He   knows  that  he  is  a  lamentable 
failure,  and  he  judges  others  by  himself.     This  idea  of 
taking  cities  and  destroying  them  entirely  would  not 
be  tolerated  in  this  day.     But  the  aristocrat  says  we 
are  going  back  to  barbarism.     History  proves  that  he 
lies  when  he  says  so.      The  people  are  growing  wiser 
as  time  wears  away,  but  knaves  say  they  cannot  see  it. 
The  aristocracy  have  their  understrappers  to  teach  the 
people  falsehoods. 


28o  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

Attila  has  been,  by  himself,  called  the  Scourge  of 
God,  and    he  was  not  mistaken.      He  said  the  grass 
never  grew  where  his  horse  had  trod.     Attila  marched 
into   Italy,  and  its  deliverance  was  purchased  by  the 
immense  ransom  or  dowry  of    Honoria  ;  and    Attila 
threatened  to  return  more  terribly  if  the  princess  Ho- 
noria was  not  delivered  according  to  the  treaty  ;  but  in 
the  mean  time  Attila  added  a  beautiful  maid,  Ildico, 
to  his  many  wives.     The  monarch,  full  of  wine,  retired 
at  a  late  hour  from  the  banquet  to  the  nuptial  bed. 
His  attendants  continued  to  respect  his  pleasures  the 
greater  part  of  the  next  day,  until  the  unusual  silence 
alarmed  their  fears  and  suspicions,  and  after  attempt- 
ing to  awake  him  by  loud  repeated  cries,  they  at  length 
broke  into  the  apartment.     They  found  the  trembling 
bride  sitting  by  the  bedside  hiding  her  face  with   her 
veil,  and  lamenting    her  own  danger  as  well  as  the 
king,  who  had   expired  during  the  night.     An  artery 
had  burst,  and  the  blood  passed  into  his  lungs  and 
stomach.     The  remains  of   the  terror  of  the  Roman 
Empire,  and   inhuman   and   beastly  reptile,  and  brutal 
assassin  were  enclosed  in  three  coiiins,  one  of  gold,  one 
of  silver,  and  one  of  iron.     The  spoils  of  nations  were 
thrown    into    his    grave,  and    the    captives   who    had 
opened   his   grave  were  inhumanly  massacred,  so  that 
the  place  where  he  was  buried  should   not  be  known 
by  any  human  being.     After  the  battle  of  Chalons, 
they  massacred  their  hostages  as  well  as  their  captives. 
Two  hundred  young  maidens  were  tortured  with  ex- 
quisite  rage;    unrelentingly,    their    bodies   were    torn 
asunder  by  wild   horses,  or  their  bones  were  crushed 
under  the  weight  of  rolling  wagons,  and  their  unburied 
limbs  were  abandoned  on   the  public  roads  as  a  prey 
to  the  dogs  and  vultures.     Such  is  barbarian  aristoc- 
racy ;   but  the  fanatic,  and  the  drone,  and  the  lying  and 
thieving  aristocracy  will  still  say,  and  say  to  his  death, 
that  we  do  not  progress.     The  Empire  was  at  this  time 
ruled  by  Valentinian,  who  was  feeble  and  dissolute;  who 
was  thirty  five  years  old,  and  had   not  acquired  sense 
or  reason,  and  had  done  no  good ;   must  make  himself 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        251 

immortal,  and  fools  can  make  themselves  immortal  by 
bad  deeds,  as  good  and  wise  men  can  by  good  deeds. 
So  the  fool  killed,  assassinated  with  his  own  hand,  the 
best  man  he  had.  The  man  who  had  accomplished 
more  than  any  of  his  men.  The  man  who  won  the 
greatest  battle  ever  fought,  at  Chalons.  The  man  who 
saved  the  empire.  That  man  was  the  greatest  gener- 
al of  the  times ;  it  was  Actius,  and  the  fool  emperor 
killed  the  goose  that  laid  the  golden  Qg'g ;  but  he  soon 
shared  the  same  fate.  Petronius  Maximus,  a  wealthy 
senator,  had  a  chaste  and  beautiful  wife.  Her  obstinate 
resistance  heightened  the  licentious  desires  of  the  Em- 
peror. Gambling  was  one  of  the  many  vices  of  the 
court,  and  the  tyrant  had  by  chance  or  strategy  won 
quite  a  sum  from  Maximus,  and  exacted  his  ring  as  se- 
curity. He  sent  it  to  his  wife,  with  an  order  in  her 
husband's  name  that  she  should  attend  the  Empress 
Eudoxia.  She,  suspecting  no  evil,  was  conveyed  on  a 
litter  to  the  palace,  but  taken  in  a  private  room,  and 
Valentinian  violated  the  laws  of  civil  society.  She 
was  deeply  affected,  thinking  her  husband  was  in  the 
plot.  Among  the  guards  were  some  friends  of  Actius 
whom  the  Emperor  had  assassinated.  Two  of  these 
were  persuaded  to  execute  a  dangerous  task.  While 
the  tyrant  was  amusing  himself,  he  was  assassinated. 

The  Roman  empire  was  declining  with  accelerating 
speed ;  the  soldiers  were  not  dreaded  by  the  barba- 
rians, and  it  was  odious  and  oppressive  to  the  people; 
the  taxes  were  increasing ;  economy  was  neglected, 
and  the  rich  shifted  the  burdens  of  the  government  on 
the  poor,  and  defrauded  them  in  many  ways.  The 
severe  inquisition  which  confiscated  their  goods  and 
tortured  their  persons,  compelled  the  people  to  fly  to 
the  woods  and  among  the  barbarians,  and  many  prov- 
inces were  lost  to  the  empire ;  and  their  distress  was 
aggravated  by  an  unexpected  attack.  Genseric,  who 
for  a  long  time  had  been  preparing,  entered  Rome 
without  resistance.  The  pillage  lasted  fourteen  days 
and  nights,  and  all  that  remained  of  public  or  private 
wealth  was  taken  to  the  vessels  of  Genseric.     Among 


252  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

the  spoils  were  the  splendid  relics  of  two  temples  ;  the 
statues  of  two  gods  and  heroes  of  paganism,  and  the 
gilt  bronze  roof  was  taken  by  Genseric  ;  the  holy  in- 
strument of  the  Jewish  worship,  the  gold  table  and 
candlestick,  with  seven  branches.  The  Christian 
churches  were  pillaged.  Six  silver  vases  had  been  in 
the  church  ;  all  were  taken  by  the  barbarian,  Genseric. 
The  silver  and  gold  were  great,  the  imperial  furniture, 
the  wardrobes,  the  sideboards  of  massive  plate,  even 
the  brass  and  copper.  Eudoxia  was  stripped  of  her 
jewels,  and  she  and  her  two  daughters  were  compelled 
to  follow  the  barbarian  Vandal.  Many  thousands  of 
Romans  were  taken  captive  and  forced  to  go  with  the 
Vandals.  Wives  and  husbands  were  separated  by  the 
barbarians.  Genseric,  king  of  the  Vandals,  was  a 
scourge  wherever  he  went.  They  marched  to  Sar- 
dinia, at  the  city  of  Zaut ;  they  massacred  five  hundred 
citizens  of  noble  station,  and  cast  their  mangled  bodies 
into  the  Ionian  sea.  Emperor  Leo  engaged  in  war 
with  the  Vandals  with  one  hundred  thousand  men,  and 
the  cost  of  the  war  was  about  eleven  millions  of  dol- 
lars, and  the  Vandals  were  victorious.  The  Romans 
suffered  terrible  loss  in  shipping  and  soldiers,  and  be- 
fore Genseric  died,  the  Roman  Empire  of  the  West 
was  no  more.  Euric  assassinated  his  brother.  The  peo- 
ple complained,  and  they  were  mostly  destroyed  by  the 
Visigoths.  Arvandus  was  charged  with  treason,  and 
he  was  tried  and  found  guilty,  and  imprisoned  ;  in  two 
weeks  he  was  sentenced  to  death,  but  he  was  allowed 
thirty  days  ;  in  the  meantime  a  new^trial  was  granted, 
and  he  was  sentenced  to  exile  and  confiscation.  Pavia 
was  besieged ;  the  fortifications  were  stormed  ;  Ores- 
tes was  executed  ;  Onulf  went  to  Constantinople  ;  they 
assassinated  his  benefactor.  In  the  space  of  twenty 
years,  since  the  death  of  Valentinian,  nine  emperors 
had  successively  disappeared  ;  and  the  son  of  Orestes,  a 
youth  recommended  only  by  his  beauty,  would  be  the 
least  entitled  to  the  notice  of  posteriry,  only  that  his 
reign  was  the  last  emperor  of  the  Roman  Empire  in 
the  West. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        283 

The  Roman  Empire  at  this  time  (A.D.  47 1 )  is  a  weak 
and  infamous  aristocracy,  in  some  places  protected  and 
in  others  ruled  by  vile,  unfeeling,  brutal  and  blood- 
thirsty barbarians  ;  and  the  country  was  exhausted  by 
the  losses  of  war,  famine  and  pestilence,  all  brought 
about  by  a  barbarous  aristocracy.  And  it  is  a  pity 
that  such  brutes  encumber  the  earth.  We  say  again 
and  again,  and  wish  that  it  could  be  printed  in  living 
and  indelible  letters  at  every  quarter  of  a  mile  on  ev- 
ery road,  letters  to  be  seen  three  hundred  yards,  that 
aristocracy  is  the  cause  of  nine-tenths  of  the  misery, 
poverty  and  distress,  and  disturbance  and  robbery  and 
theft  and  lying  and  cheating  and  crimes  of  all  kinds 
in  the  world  ;  and  that  we  never  will  have  peace  and 
happiness  in  the  country  until  aristocracy  is  cooped, 
caged,  laid  on  the  shelf,  and  has  not  a  word  to  say  or 
do  in  any  public  business.  Aristocracy  and  barbar- 
ism were  thoroughly  mixed,  and  they  made  infamous 
work  of  government,  as  they  always  have  done,  and  it 
went  down  in  dark,  dreary,  dismal,  distressful  and  dis- 
sonant night.  Odoacer  passed  the  Adriatic  to  chas- 
tize the  assas>ins  of  the  Emperor  Nepos,  and  to  ac- 
quire the  maritime  province  of  Dalmatia.  He  passed 
the  Alps  to  rescue  the  remains  of  Noricum  from  Fava, 
or  Feletheus,  king  of  the  Rugians,  who  held  his  resi- 
dence beyond  the  Danube.  The  king  was  vanquished 
in  battle,  and  led  away  prisoner.  A  numerous  colony 
of  captives  and  subjects  was  transplanted  into  Italy, 
and  Rome,  after  a  long  period  of  defeat  and  disgrace, 
might  claim  the  triumph  of  her  barbarian  master.  In 
many  provinces  the  population  was  almost  extinct. 
The  plebeians  of  Rome  were  fed  by  the  hand  of  their 
master,  and  perished  or  disappeared  as  soon  as  the 
hand  was  withdrawn.  The  kings  of  the  barbarians 
were  frequently  killed.  A  monarchy,  destitute  of  na- 
tional union  and  hereditary  right,  hastened  to  its  disso- 
lution. 

The  troops  of  Burgundy  were  excited  by  the  hopes 
of  spoil.  They  marched  without  discipline,  under  the 
banner  of  German  or  Gallic  counts;  their  attacks  were 


284  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

feeble  and  unsuccessful.  But  the  friendly  and  hostile 
provinces  were  desolated  with  indiscriminate  rage. 
The  cornfields,  the  villages  and  churches  were  con- 
sumed by  fire,  the  inhabitants  were  massacred  or 
dragged  into  captivity,  and  in  the  disorderly  retreat 
five  thousand  of  these  inhuman  savages  were  destroyed 
by  hunger  and  discord.  The  Saxons  flew  to  arms,  and 
massacred  three  hundred  British  chiefs  during  a  feast. 
So  we  find  aristocracy,  war  and  blood  most  of  their 
time.  Britons  had  war  a  hundred  years.  The  bravest 
warriors,  who  preferred  exile  to  slavery,  found  a  secure 
refuge  in  the  mountains  of  Wales.  The  submission 
of  Cornwall  was  delayed  for  some  ages,  and  a  band  of 
fugitives  acquired  a  settlement  in  Gaul  by  their  own 
valor,  or  the  liberality  of  the  Merovingian  kings.  The 
Cornish  knights  were  cowards.  It  was  with  Britain 
as  with  other  countries ;  they  were  deficient  in  the 
sciences,  and  arts,  and  morals ;  they  abounded  with 
war,  rapine,  blood,  murder  and  assassination.  But 
every  country  has  its  hero  to  worship,  and  the  Britons 
had  its  Arthur;  he  defeated  the  Angles  of  the  north  in 
twelve  successive  battles,  but  the  declining  age  of  the 
hero  was  embittered  by  popular  ingratitude  and  do- 
mestic misfortunes.  During  five  hundred  years,  the 
tradition  of  his  exploits  was  preserved.  About  this 
time  Arabian  magic,  fairies,  and  giants,  flying  drag- 
ons and  enchanted  palaces,  were  blended  with  the  more 
simple  fictions  of  the  West.  But  at  length  the  light 
of  science,  and  reason,  and  sense  was  inaugurated,  the 
magic  spell  was  broken,  and  melted  and  vanished  into 
air.  In  the  days  of  the  most  infamous  aristocracy  and 
degraded  barbarism,  witchcraft,  and  magic,  and  ghosts 
prevailed  ;  and  not  long  ago  that  nook  of  aristocracy 
in  the  East  executed  men  and  women  for  witchcraft, 
and  there  is  a  lingering  halluciation  of  weakness  still 
visible  in  their  many  isms  of  today.  But  what  is  ex- 
hibited in  every  day's  transactions  in  trade,  and  brought 
into  the  country  in  a  great  measure,  is  insatiate  lust 
after  filthy  lucre,  and  immorality  in  dealings  with  their 
fellow  man  ;  and  the  infernal  class  legislation,  which 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.         285 

they  were  the  first  in  introducing  in  the  country,  which 
is  fast  making  the  rich  richer,  and  the  poor  poorer. 
And  do  you  think  that  many  want  it  so.^  Can  it  be  ? 
Yes,  four  millions  are  working  for  that  infamous  and 
vile  state  of  things. 

The  Romans  had  established  the  Christian  religion 
in  Britain,  and  the  Saxons  destroyed  the  Britons  and 
massacred  them.  The  fields  of  battle  could  be  traced 
in  most  districts  by  monuments  of  bone.  The  frag- 
ments of  falling  towers  were  stained  with  blood.  The 
arts  and  language  which  the  Romans  had  established 
in  Britain  were  destroyed  by  their  barbarous  succes- 
sors. After  the  destruction  of  the  principal  churches 
the  bishop  retired  into  Wales,  and  the  remembrance 
of  Christianity  was  abolished,  and  the  laws  were  abol- 
ished. And  the  people  were  governed  by  the  tradi- 
tional customs,  which  had  been  framed  for  the  shep- 
herds and  pirates  of  Germany,  who  then  were  behind 
the  times  in  civilization.  The  poor  barbarians  often 
sold  their  children  ;  and  the  Britons  appear  to  have 
relapsed  into  the  state  of  original  barbarism  from 
whence  they  had  been  partially  reclaimed.  Separated 
by  their  enemies  from  other  countries,  they  soon  be- 
came an  object  of  scandal  and  abhorrence  to  the  Cath- 
olic world.  The  Latin  language  was  abolished,  and 
the  Britons  were  deprived  of  the  art  and  learning 
which  Italy  had  given  to  her  Saxon  proselytes.  An  of- 
ficer of  the  courts,  Aberfraw,  went  with  the  king's  ser- 
vants to  war;  and  as  he  sang  in  tlfe  front  of  battle,  ex- 
cited courage  in  the  soldiers,  and/W/z/f^^  their  depreda- 
tions. And  the  son2;ster  claimed  for  his  prize  the 
fairest  heifer  of  the  spoil.  And  the  public  poverty,  al- 
most exhausted  by  the  clergy,  was  oppressed  by  the 
importunate  demands  of  the  bards.  Their  wealth 
consisted  of  flocks  and  herds ;  milk  and  meal  were 
their  ordinary  food,  and  bread  was  esteemed  or  reject- 
ed as  a  foreign  luxury.  At  this  time  polygamy  was 
practiced  in  Wales,  and  some  houses  contained  fifty 
children  and  ten  wives.  And  Wales  contained  sol- 
diers who  were  naked,  and  fought  against  men   who 


286  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

wore  armor.  Can  a  man  of  sense,  and  reason,  and 
judgment  say  that  England  has  not  progressed.?  It 
was  a  perfect  barbarism  at  this  time.  But  the  fools,  led 
by  the  aristocracy,  will  say  the  world  has  not  pro- 
gressed in  morals  and  civilization.  They  say  we  are 
going  back  into  barbarism.  Silly  dunces,  egregious 
simpletons  ;  they  will  never  learn  ;  they  are  machines 
worked  by  a  flagitious  and  unprincipled  aristocracy. 
Do  not  pay  any  attention  to  what  those  degraded  and 
infernal  imps  say. 

The  Roman  Empire  was  totally  exti7ict  in  the  west 
about  this  time,  but  the  nations  which  threw  off  the 
Roman  yoke  were  in  as  much,  or  more,  trouble  than 
when  they  were  in  the  Roman  Empire.  They  were 
almost  constantly  at  war  with  each  other,  and  we  hear 
men  who  think  they  are  men  of  reason  and  sense  say 
that  ivar  is  a  necessity.  It  is  astonishing  how  wicked 
and  infamous,  and  how  foolish  and  thoughtless,  people 
talk  War  is  the  greatest  scourge  and  calamity  that 
can  befall  a  nation.  It  is  a  certain  evidence  of  barba- 
rism, and  he  who  is  in  favor  of  it  is  a  silly  saurian,  a 
destructive  anaconda,  and  he  should  have  a  consider- 
ing cap  put  on  his  head.  We  have  advised  our  read- 
ers to  be  cautious  what  they  gulp  down,  of  the  many 
erroneous  sayings  that  one  hears  in  these  iniquitous 
times.  Beware,  and  do  not  listen  to  men  who  wish  to 
teach  you  errors,  for  the  express  purpose  to  injure  you 
and  to  defraud  you.  Such  work  aristocracy  is  doing 
at  tlie  present  time, -and  beware  that  you  do  not  listen 
to  them.  They  intend  to  devour  you;  they  want  your 
money,  and  they  are  getting  most  of  it;  and  it  is  a 
mystery  to  us  that  the  workingmen  do  not  see  it  more 
than  they  do.  The  progress  of  man  has  been  irregu- 
lar and  various  ;  very  slow  in  the  beginning,  when  he 
was  naked  in  mind  and  body,  and  destitute  of  laws,  of 
arts,  of  ideas,  and  had  little  of  language;  and  increas- 
ing by  degrees,  in  geometrical  ratio  at  times,  and  at 
other  times  stationary,  and  sometimes  retroceding, 
but  rare ;  and  the  experience  of  four  thousand  years 
should  enlarge  our  ideas  and  hopes,  and  lessen  our 


I 


IMMORALITY  AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY.        287 

fears.  It  is  plain  that  we  are  progressing,  moving  up- 
ward and  onward,  in  spite  of  what  the  fanatics  and 
fools  say.  We  cannot  tell  what  degree  of  perfection 
we  will  arrive  at,  but  it  is  certain  that  we  will  not  re- 
lapse into  barbarism.  Aristocracy  would  like  to  see 
the  mass  of  the  people  go  back  into  barbarism.  Then 
they  could  be  sure  of  a  long  lease  of  power,  and  have 
all  the  property  in  their  hands,  as  they  had  in  feudal 
times.  What  a  fine  time  they  would  have,  if  the  peo- 
ple did  not  know  more  than  they  did  two  or  three 
thousand  years  ago ;  and  they  are  teaching  tradition- 
ally that  we  are  retroceding  into  barbarism.  It  is  for 
their  interest,  and  they  do  teach  what  is  for  their  in- 
terest. But  we  say  to  the  workingmen.  Be  true  to 
your  interest  and  welfare ;  be  honest  and  moral,  and 
industrious  and  economical.  There  is  no  sense  in 
working  hard,  and  squandering  it. 

Aristocracy  and  barbarism  are  brothers;  all  the  dif- 
ference is  that  the  aristocrat  is  a  shade  ahead  in  art 
and  manufactures,  but  this  is  not  so  apparent  among 
the  rulers  as  among  the  common  people.  The  barbari- 
ans have  some  fine  specimens  of  wrought  jewelry  and 
splendid  ornaments.  They  are  rich  in  gold  and  silver, 
as  can  be  proved  by  the  plunder  which  the  aristocracy 
took  from  the  barbarians.  The  common  people  show 
a  more  marked  difference  in  arts  and  manufactures, 
and  also  intelligence,  over  the  common  people  of  the 
barbarians  ;  but  the  difference  is  slight,  and  will  not 
be  immediately  seen  by  the  ordinary  observer,  and  of- 
ten mistakes  will  be  made.  All  are  marching  on  to- 
wards perfection ;  some  of  one  class  are  ahead  of  some 
of  another  class;  all  differ,  as  said  before.  But  those 
striving  to  establish  an  honest  and  liberal  government 
are  ahead  in  progress  of  those  that  oppose  them. 
Those  that  are  truthful,  and  endeavoring  to  give  equal 
and  exact  justice  to  all  men,  are  in  advance  of  those 
that  are  concocting  schemes  to  transfer  property  from 
the  poor  to  the  coffers  of  the  designing  knaves,  who 
pass  laws  to  enrich  a  few  at  the  expense  of  the  many. 
Many  will  say  that  this  is  a  mere  assertion  and  can- 


288  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

not  be  proved,  but  it  resolves  itself  in  this  position  : 
Can  a  man  be  a  perfect  scamp  and  knave  in  one 
kind  of  business,  and  be  an  upright  and  truthful  man 
in  others?  We  say,  he  can  not;  his  rascality  will 
pervade  his  whole  business  transactions  in  a  greater 
or  less  degree.  A  man  who  is  a  knave  in  politics,  is 
a  knave  everywhere.  It  would  be  the  height  of  folly 
to  trust  him,  where  his  interest  was  deeply  at  stake. 
So,  also,  a  man  who  will  lie  about  political  matters, 
will  lie  about  everything  that  interests  him  ;  so  if  he 
will  cheat  in  politics,  he  will  cheat  in  business.  This 
is  a  general  statement  of  the  case,  and  will  be  found 
reliable.  And  it  does  not  require  proof;  it  is  self-evi- 
dent; none  but  those  that  intend  to  live  off  the  peo- 
ple without  giving  a  compensation,  will  say  it  is  not 
so.  So  those  that  are  the  tools  of  aristocracy  will  say 
it  is  not  so,  and  the  four  millions  strong,  who  do  as 
their  leaders  say,  if  they  are  right  or  wrong.  So  will 
the  blind  aristocrat  partisan  say  it  is  not  so.  The 
aristocrat  is  behind  the  times;  he  is  truly  a  barbarian, 
and  do-not  trust  him,  he  will  rob  and  steal — that  is  his 
motto.  It  has  always  been,  and  will  be  to  his  death, 
with  a  very  few  exceptions.  A  man  who  is  honest  in 
politics  is  honest  in  everything.  The  rule  works  both 
ways,  as  a  good  and  true  rule  always  does  Read  this 
page  again. 

At  this  time  it  was  a  common  saying  that  a  purse  of 
gold  could  with  safety  be  left  in  the  fields,  and  at  this 
time  there  was  free  toleration  in  religion.  The  geom- 
etry of  Euclid,  the  music  of  Pythagoras,  the  arithmetic 
of  Nichomachus,  the  mechanics  of  Archimedes,  the 
astronomy  of  Ptolemy,  the  theology  of  Plato,  and  the 
logic  of  Aristotle  with  the  commentary  of  Porphyry  were 
translated  and  illustrated  by  the  indefatigable  pen  of  a 
Roman  senator.  This  was  all  done  by  Boethius.  We 
notice  that  the  orientals  had  men  of  learning,  and 
they  obeyed  the  divine  Plato,  who  enjoins  every  virtu- 
ous citizen  to  rescue  the  State  from  the  usurpation  of 
vice,  ignorance,  tyranny,  wickedness,  and  crime.  But 
Boethius  knew  too  much  for  the  times;  he  and  his  fa- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        289 

ther  were  ordered  to  be  executed.    The  Emperor  The- 
odoric   was  the   author  of  the  murder,  and   the  worst 
torture  was  inflicted  on   the  sage    Boethius.     But  the 
tyrant    Theodoric    repented    that    he     had    murdered 
Boethius  and   Synimachius,  and  he  lived   but   a  short 
time  after.     Dysentery  set  in,  and  in  three  days  he  ex- 
pired, and  descended  with  shame  and  guilt  to  his  grave. 
His  spirit,  after  some  previous  expiation,  might  have 
been  permitted  to  mingle  with  benefactors  of  mankind, 
if  an  Italian  hermit  had  not  been  witness  to  a  vision  of 
the  damnation  of  Theodoric,  whose  soul  was  plunged 
by  the  ministers  of  divine  vengeance  into  the  volcano 
of  Lipari,  one  of  the  flaming  mouths  of  the  infernal 
world.      So  says  Gibbon,     We  do  not  know  if  the  peo- 
ple believed  it  or  not.     The  legend  is  related  by  Greg- 
ory, and  approved  by   Baronius.     We  can  have  some 
conception  about  the  superstition  of  the  times;  and  Gib- 
bon says  both   Pope  and  Cardinal  are  grave  doctors, 
sufficient  to  establish  a  probable  opinion.     The  elder 
Justin  ascended  the  throne  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight 
years,  and  had  he  been  left  to  his  own  guidance,  every 
moment  of  a  nine  years'  reign  must  have  exposed  to 
his  subjects  the  impropriety  of  their  choice.     His  igno- 
rance was  similar  to  that  of  Theodoric ;  neither  of  the 
two  contemporary  monarchs  had  ever  been  instructed 
in  the   knowledge  of  the  alphabet.      Where    are   the 
smart  sawnies  who  say  we  are  not  progressing.?     Two 
successive  emperors  not  knowing  the  alphabet!     But 
the  aristocrat  will  say  it  is  not  so.     You  may  see  it  in 
Gibbon  s   Decline  and   Fall,  fourth  volume,  page  42. 
But  the  genius  of  Justin  was  far  inferior  to  that  of  the 
Gothic  king.     The  experience  of  a  soldier  had    not 
qualified  him  for  governing  an  empire,  and    though 
brave,    the    consciousness    of  his    inability   produced 
doubt,  distrust,  and  political  apprehension.     But  the 
official  of  the  state  was  diligently  and  faithfully  trans- 
acted by    the    questor,   Proclus ;  and  he    adopted    his 
nephew,   Justinian,  who  was  the    following  emperor. 
Since  the  eunuch  had  been  defrauded  of  his  fortune, 
it  became  necessary  to  deprive  him  of  his  life.     The 


290  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

task  was  easily  accomplished  by  the  charsje  of  real  or 
ficticious  conspiracy,  and  the  judges  were  informed 
that  he  was  secretly  addicted  to  the  Manichaean  her- 
esy. Amantius  lost  his  head.  Three  of  his  compan- 
ions, the  first  domestics  of  the  palace,  were  punished 
by  death  or  exile;  and  their  unfortunate  candidate  for 
the  purple  was  cast  into  a  deep  dungeon,  overwhelmed 
with  stones,  and  ignominiously  thrown  without  burial 
into  the  sea. 

The  ruin  of  Vilaxian  was  a  work  of  more  difficulty 
and  danger.  He  was  at  the  head  of  a  formidable  and 
victorious  army  of  barbarians.  The  emperor  had  re- 
course to  the  vile  art  of  treachery;  he  first  persuaded 
him  by  oaths  to  relinquish  the  office  of  general  of  the 
barbarians,  and  trust  himself  in  the  walls  of  the  city. 
He  was  detested  by  the  blue  faction.  The  emperor 
and  his  nephew  embraced  him  as  the  faithful  and 
worthy  champion  of  the  Church  and  State,  and  grate- 
fully adorned  their  pretended  favorite  with  the  titles  of 
consul  and  general ;  but  in  the  seventh  month  of  his 
consulship,  Vilaxian  was  stabbed  with  seventeen 
wounds  at  the  royal  banquet,  and  Justinian,  who  in- 
herited the  spoil,  was  accused  as  the  assassin  of  a  spir- 
itual brother,  to  whom  he  had  recently  pledged  his 
faith  in  the  participation  of  the  Christian  mysteries. 
He  solicited  the  favor  of  the  churches,  the  circus,  and 
the  senate  of  Constantinople  ;  the  thrones  of  the  East 
were  filled  with  catholic  bishops  devoted  to  his  interest; 
the  clergy  and  the  monks  were  gained  by  his  liberality, 
and  the  people  were  taught  to  pray  for  their  future 
sovereign,  the  hope  and  pillar  of  the  true  religion.  The 
magnificence  of  Justinian  was  displayed  in  the  superi- 
or pomp  of  his  public  spectacles,  an  object  not  less 
sacred  and  important  in  the  eyes  of  the  people  than 
the  creed  of  Nice  or  Chalcedon.  The  expense  of  his 
consulship  was  esteemed  at  two  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight  pieces  of  gold.  Twenty  lions  and  thirty  leo- 
pards were  produced  at  once  in  the  amphitheater,  and 
a  numerous  train  of  horses,  with  their  rich  trappings, 
was  bestowed  as  an  extraordinary  gift  on  the  victori- 
ous charioteers  of  the  circus. 


IMMORALIIY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       29 1 

Justin  abdicated  and  placed  the  diadem  on  the  head 
of  his  nephew ;  he  lived  but  four  months  from  that 
time.  Justinian  was  a  churchman,  and  after  taking  an 
oath  of  fidelity,  he  butchered,  treacherously  massacred, 
his  consul.  It  is  astonishing  to  read  what  aristocracy 
has  done.  Nothing  is  so  degraded  but  they  will  do. 
And  yet  the  drones  and  aristocrats  and  barbarians  will 
say  that  we  do  not  progress  in  morals,  but  are  relaps- 
ing into  barbarism.  O  !  fools  of  fools  ;  how  long  will 
such  infernals  encumber  the  earth  ?  Judge  for  your- 
selves if  we  are  progressing  in  morals.  Acacius  had 
three  daughters,  named  Cornito,  Theodora,  and  Anas- 
tasia.  On  a  solemn  festival  these  helpless  orphans 
were  sent  by  their  mother,  in  the  garb  of  suppliants, 
into  the  midst  of  the  theatre.  The  green  faction  re- 
ceived them  with  contempt ;  the  blues  with  compas- 
sion, and  this  difference  was  felt  long  afterwards  by 
Theodora.  The  oldest  was  but  seven  years  old.  As 
they  improved  in  age  and  beauty,  they  were  devoted 
to  the  pleasures  of  the  people  ;  and  Theodora,  after  fol- 
lowing Comito  on  the  stage  in  the  dress  of  a  slave, 
with  a  stool  on  her  head,  was  permitted  to  exercise  her 
independent  talents.  She  neither  danced,  nor  sung,  nor 
played  on  the  flute ;  her  skill  was  confined  to  the  pan- 
tomime arts  ;  she  excelled  in  buffoon  characters  ;  and 
as  often  as  the  comedian  swelled  her  cheeks,  and  com- 
plained with  ridiculous  tones  and  gestures  of  the  blows 
that  were  inflicted,  the  whole  theatre  resounded  with 
laughter  and  applause.  The  beauty  of  Theodora  was 
the  subject  of  more  flattering  praise,  and  the  subject 
of  more  exquisite  delight.  Her  features  were  delicate 
and  regular;  her  complexion,  although  somewhat 
pale,  was  tinged  with  a  natural  color  ;  every  sensation 
was  instantly  expressed  with  her  eyes  brightly ;  her 
easy  motions  displayed  the  graces  of  a  small  but  ele- 
gant figure;  and  painting  and  poetry  were  incapable 
of  delineating  the  matchless  excellence  of  her  splendid 
form.  But  this  form  was  too  frequently  exposed  to  the 
public  eye,  and  given  to  licentious  desire.  Her  venal 
charms  were  abandoned  to  a  promiscuous    crowd    of 


292  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

citizens,  and  strangers  of  every  rank,  and  of  every  pro- 
fession. The  fortunate  lover  who  had  been  promised  a 
night  of  enjoyment  was  often  driven  from  her  bed  by 
a  stronger  or  more  wealthy  favorite;  and  when  she 
passed  through  the  streets  her  presence  was  avoided 
by  all  who  wished  to  escape  either  the  scandal  or  the 
temptation.  The  satirical  historian  has  not  blushed  to 
describe  the  naked  scenes  which  Theodora  was  not 
ashamed  to  exhibit  in  the  theatre,  after  exhausting 
sensual  pleasure.  She  most  ungratefully  murmured 
against  the  parsimony  of  nature  ;  but  her  murmurs, 
her  pleasures,  and  her  arts,  must  be  veiled  in  the  ob- 
scurity of  a  learned  language.  After  some  time  she 
went  to  Pentapolus,  in  Africa,  with  Ecebolus,  a  native 
of  Tyre,  but  this  union  was  frail  and  transient.  Ece- 
bolus soon  rejected  an  expensive  or  faithless  concu- 
bine. She  had  one  child,  a  boy,  by  Ecebolus;  he  was 
educated  in  Arabia  by  his  father,  who  imparted  to 
him  on  his  death-bed  that  he  was  the  son  of  an  em- 
press. Filled  with  ambitious  hopes,  the  unsuspecting 
youth  immediately  hastened  to  the  palace  of  Constan- 
tinople, and  was  admitted  to  the  presence  of  his  mo- 
ther. As  he  was  never  seen  after  the  decease  of  The- 
odora she  deserves  the  foul  imputation  of  extinguish- 
ing with  his  life  a  secret  so  offensive  to  her  imperial 
virtue.  And  yet  the  fanatics  will  say  we  have  not  im- 
proved. Nothing  is  too  low  and  criminal,  but  aristocracy 
will  commit  it.  They  ^re  falsi  crimen;  and  we  may  all 
know  that  those  who  do  not  labor,  generally  rob,  steal, 
and  swindle,  and  plunder,  and  pass  laws  to  transfer  the 
property  from  the  workingman  to  the  pockets  of  the 
drone.  In  primeval  times  the  aristocracy  took  the 
property  from  the  poor  by  the  arts  of  priestcraft,  or 
by  force  ;  but  as  the  people  know  more  now,  they 
have  secret  ways  that  fools  do  not  understand,  and 
many  partizans  will  not  endeavor  to  grasp,  and  not 
even  examine  the  ways,  crooked,  insidious,  furtive.  But 
the  man  of  sense  sees  their  sinuosities,  and  the  peo- 
ple begin  to  understand  them — and  he  is  a  dunce  who 
does   not    see    the   swindle.     The    four    millions    are 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        293 

'bound  not  to  see;  they  hate  honor  and  justice  in 
politics.  We  will  expose  the  swindlers  before  we  get 
through,  and  make  it  so  plain  that  the  fool  can  see  ; 
but  then  he  will  still  deny  the  fact. 

"  Theodora  soon  returned  from  Paphlagonia  to  Con- 
stantinople, and  relieved  her  poverty  by  spinning 
wool,  and  affected  a  life  of  chastity  and  solitude  in  a 
small  house,  which  she  afterwards  chano;ed  into  a  mag- 
nificent  temple.  Her  beauty  soon  attracted,  captivated 
and  fixed  the  patrician  Justinian,  who  alread}^  reigned 
with  absolute  sway  under  the  name  of  his  uncle. 
Perhaps  she  inflamed  at  first  by  modest  ways,  and  at 
last  by  sensual  allurements,  the  desires  of  a  lover,  who 
from  nature  or  devotion  was  addicted  to  long  vigils 
and  abstemious  diet.  When  his  first  transports  had 
subsided,  she  still  maintained  the  same  ascendant  over 
his  mind  by  the  more  solid  merit  of  temper  and  under- 
standing." Justinian  poured  the  treasures  of  the  East 
at  her  feet.  The  law  forbade  the  marriage  of  a  sena- 
tor with  a  female  that  had  been  engaged  in  a  theatrical 
profession,  but  Justinian  had  that  law  abolished,  and 
their  nuptials  were  soon  solemnized  by  marriage,  and 
he  seated  her  on  the  throne  as  an  equal  and  independ- 
ent colleague  in  the  sovereignty  of  the  empire,  and  an 
oath  of  allegiance  was  imposed  on  the  governors  of  the 
provinces  in  the  joint  names  of  Justinian  and  Theodora. 
The  prostitute,  who,  in  the  presence  of  innumerable 
spectators,  had  polluted  the  theatre  of  Constantinople, 
was  adored  as  a  queen  in  the  same  city  by  grave  mag- 
istrates, orthodox  bishops,  victorious  generals,  and 
captive  monarchs.  She  often  declined  the  servile 
homage  of  the  multitude,  and  escaped  from  the  odious 
light  of  the  capital,  and  passed  the  greatest  part  of 
the  year  in  the  palaces  and  gardens  which  were  seated 
pleasantly  on  the  sea-coast  of  the  Propontis  and  the 
Bosphorus.  Such  were  the  times  then;  a  prostitute,  a 
common  one  at  that,  became  an  empress.  Are  we 
progressing  .f*  W'ould  it  be  tolerated  now  ?  It  might 
b}'  the  four  millions  strong;  they  will  stand  anything; 
but  the  majority  of  the  people  would  never  stand  such 


294  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

a  shame.  Aristocracy  stood  it  without  a  murmur  in 
those  days,  and  we  think  it  would  now,  if  it  brought  in 
money  and  plenty  of  offices.  All  they  want  is  plenty 
of  soap,  as  they  call  it  now.  They  care  for  little  else 
but  money,  it  is  money  they  worship.  A  sawney  told  us 
that  money  was  king,  and  that  is  the  opinion  of  the 
aristocracy,  they  carry  the  elections  by  its  plentiful  use. 
But  we  wrote  these  licentious  pages  to  show  the  deprav- 
ity of  the  times,  which  any  man  of  common  morals 
will  condemn.     But  the  aristocracy  stood  it. 

The  public  shows  of  the  hippodrome;  there  were 
two  factions  ;  the  greens  concealed  stones  and  daggers 
in  baskets  of  fruit,  massacred  three  thousand  of  their 
blue  adversaries.  This  looks  as  if  we  are  progressed. 
The  silly  dunces  run  crazy  on  the  blue  and  green. 
Society  was  divided  into  those  two  factions,  and  it 
was  carried  into  politics,  and  they  went  armed,  and 
many  were  killed.  No  place  was  sacred  from  their 
depredations,  to  gratify  either  avarice  or  revenge. 
They  profusely  spilt  blood  in  the  innocent  churches, 
and  altars  were  polluted  by  atrocious  murders,  and  it 
was  the  boast  of  the  assassins  that  their  dexterity  could 
always  inflict  a  mortal  wound  with  a  single  stroke  of 
their  dagger.  The  dissolute  youth  of  (Constantinople 
adopted  the  blue  livery  of  disorder;  the  laws  were  si- 
lent ;  the  bonds  of  society  were  relaxed  ;  creditors  were 
compelled  to  resign  their  obligations,  judges  to  reverse 
their  sentences,  masters  to  enfranchise  their  slaves, 
fathers  to  supply  the  extravagance  of  their  children ; 
noble  matrons  were  prostituted  to  the  lust  of  their 
servants  ;  beautiful  bo3^s  were  torn  from  the  arms  of 
their  parents;  and  wives,  unless  they  preferred  a  vol- 
untary death,  were  ravished  in  the  presence  of  their 
husbands.  What  horror!  Who  can  believe  it  .^^  We 
are  tens  of  thousands  times  better  than  they  were,  so 
bad  as  we  are.  What  will  the  aristocrats  and  barbari- 
ans and  drones  say  to  this  anarchy  ?  You  may  read 
it  on  the  fifty-ninth  page  of  the  fourth  volume  of  Gib- 
bon's Decline  and  I^all  of  the  Roman  Empire;  and 
that  was  a  decline,  and  it  did  decline,  and  it  should  de- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        295 

cline,  and  it  could  naturally  do  nothing  else  but  de- 
cline. Nature  never  could  sustain  such  infamy  long, 
and  she  abhorred  it  then,  and  always  will.  A  gover- 
nor, Cilicia,  was  hanged,  by  the  order  of  Theodora,  in 
the  tomb  of  two  assassins,  whom  he  had  condemned 
for  the  murder  of  his  groom  and  a  daring  attack  on 
his  own  life.  The  first  edict  of  the  Emperor  Justin- 
ian, which  was  often  repeated  and  sometimes  executed, 
announced  his  firm  resolution  to  support  the  inno- 
cent and  chastise  the  guilty  of  every  denomination  and 
color.  Yet  the  balance  of  the  blue  faction  was  for 
justice.  The  Emperor  submitted  to  the  passions  of 
Theodora.  A  sedition  of  these  two  factions  nearly 
laid  Constantinople  in  ashes  In  the  fifth  year  of  his 
reign,  Justinian  celebrated  the  festival  of  the  Ides  of 
January;  the  games  were  incessantly  disturbed  by  the 
clamorous  discontent  of  the  greens.  Till  the  twenty- 
second  race,  the  Emperor  maintained  his  silence  and 
gravity  ;  at  length,  yielding  to  his  impatience,  he  con- 
descended to  hold,  in  abrupt  sentences,  and  by  the 
voice  of  a  crier,  the  most  singular  dialogue  that  ever 
passed  between  a  prince  and  his  subjects.  For  five 
days  there  was  a  tumult  and  a  mob  in  Constantinople. 
A  few  of  the  leaders  were  executed.  The  blue  and 
green  factions  were  both  against  the  government,  and 
against  each  other.  A  few  wealthy  men  supplied  the 
mob  with  arms  and  money.  Justinian  would  have  been 
lost  but  for  Theodora.  In  the  midst  of  the  council 
where  Bellisarius  was  present,  Theodora  alone  dis- 
played the  spirit  of  a  hero;  and  she  alone,  without  ap- 
prehending his  future  hatred,  could  save  the  Emperor 
from  the  imminent  danger  and  his  unworthy  fears. 
"  If  flight','  said  the  consort  of  Justinian,  "  were  the 
ouly  means  of  safety,  yet  I  should  disdain  to  fly. 
Death  is  the  condition  of  our  birth,  but  they  who  have 
reigned  should  never  survive  the  loss  of  dignity  and 
dominion.  I  implore  Heaven  that  I  may  never  see  a 
day  without  my  diadem  and  purple,  that  I  may  no  long- 
er behold  the  lioht  when  I  cease  to  be  saluted  zvith  the 
name  of  queen.     If  you  resolve,   O  CcEsar,  to  fly,  you 


296  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

have  treasii7'-es ;  behold  the  sea,  you  have  ships  ;  but  trem- 
ble lest  the  desire  of  life  should  expose  you  to  wretched 
exile  or  igiio?ni7iious  death.  For  my  own  part,  I  ad- 
here to  the  7?iaxim  of  antiquity,  that  the  throne  is  a  glo- 
rioles sepulchi^ey 

After  all,  Justinian  took  the  right  lady  for  his  con- 
sort. She  saved  him;  his  head  would  have  been  off 
but  for  her.  Gibbon  is  like  a  woman  who  never  for- 
gives her  sex  for  a  social  erorr  ;  but  many  a  one  has 
erred,  and  proved  herself  upright  and  firm  in  the  prac- 
tice of  virtue  ;  so  with  Theodora.  And  we  say.  Give 
honor  and  justice  where  it  is  due.  Gibbon,  when  first 
introducing  Theodora  on  this  page,  applies  a  vile  epi- 
thet to  the  empress.  Shame  !  Many  evil  doers  have 
reformed,  and  they  should  have  credit  for  it.  Even 
the  infamous  and  predacian  aristocrat  may  possiblv  re- 
form. We  have  taken  an  extreme  example  ;  but  in 
many  millions  a  case  of  that  kind  may  happen  ;  if  it 
should,  we  in  all  justice  and  equity  should  give  him 
credit.  The  above  reform  is  different.  Many  cases 
of  that  kind  happen  very  often.  The  fidelity  of  the 
guards  was  doubtful,  but  the  military  force  of  the  em- 
peror consisted  in  three  thousand  veterans,  who  had 
been  trained  to  valor  and  discipline  in  the  Persian  and 
Illyrian  wars.  Under  the  command  of  Bellisarius  and 
Mundus,  they  silently  marched  in  two  divisions  from 
the  palace,  forced  their  obscure  way  through  narrow 
passages  of  expiring  flames  and  falling  edifices,  and 
burst  open  at  the  same  moment  the  two  opposite  gates 
of  the  hippodrom(?.  In  this  narrow  space,  the  disor- 
derly and  affrighted  crowd  was  incapable  of  resisting 
on  either  side  a  firm  and  regular  attack.  The  blues 
repented,  and  it  is  computed  that  above  thirty  thous- 
and, some  say  forty  thousand,  persons  were  slain  in 
the  merciless  and  promiscuous  carnage  of  the  day. 
Hypatius  was  dragged  from  his  throne,  and  conducted 
with  his  brother  Pompey  to  the  feet  of  the  emperor. 
They  implored  his  clemency,  but  their  crime  was  man- 
ifest, their  innocence  uncertain.  The  next  morning 
the  two  nephews   of    Anastasino,  with  eighteen  illus- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       297 

trious  accomplices  of  patrician  or  consular  rank,  were 
privately  executed  by  the  soldiers  ;  their  bodies  were 
thrown  into  the  sea,  their  palaces  razed,  and  their  for- 
tunes confiscated.  The  hippodrone  itself  was  con- 
demned, during  several  years,  to  a  mournful  silence. 

With  the  restoration  of  the  games  the  same  disor- 
ders revived,  and  the  blue  and  the  green  factions  con- 
tinued to  afflict  the  reign  of  Justinian,  and  to  dis- 
turb the  tranquility  of  the  Eastern  empire.  We  see 
plainly  the  work  of  the  tartarean  aristocracy,  killing 
and  contention  between  the  blues  and  the  greens. 
We  have  not  ascertained  the  principle  those  factions 
contended  about.  It  was  the  height  of  partizanship, 
and  the  aristocracy  fanned  the  spirit  of  contention 
and  dragored  it  into  oolitics.  The  heio^ht  of  the  am- 
bition  of  the  aristocracy  is  politics.  There  they  can 
get  a  living  without  work,  and  anything  but  work  for 
aristocracy.  And  those  who  will  not  work  will  gener- 
ally steal ;  and  they  that  have  no  money  must  steal  or 
work.  Anastasius  saved  from  his  revenue  in  twenty- 
seven  years  the  enormous  sum  of  thirteen  millions 
sterling  ;  sixty-five  millions  of  dollars.  The  aristocra- 
cy of  these  times  had  high  salaries,  and  the  revenue 
was  exacting  and  the  customs  as  bad  as  of  today ; 
nearly  one  hundred  per  cent.,  and  a  direct  sale  of  hon- 
ors and  offices  was  not  prohibited.  1  he  aristocracy 
of  that  day  robbed,  swindled,  and  plundered  the  peo- 
ple. A  sense  of  the  disgrace  and  mischief  of  this 
venal  practice  at  lerigth  awakened  the  slumbering 
virtue  of  Justinian,  and  he  attempted,  by  the  sanctions 
of  oaths  and  penalties,  to  guard  the  integrity  of  his 
government ;  but  at  the  end  of  a  year  of  perjury  his 
vigorous  edict  was  suspended,  and  corruption  licen- 
tiously abused  her  triumph  over  the  impotence  of  the 
laws.  The  exclusive  sale  of  milk  was  usurped  by  the 
imperial  treasurer,  the  coin  was  debased.  Aristocracy 
cannot  be  excelled  in  fraud  and  swindling.  The  Em- 
peror spent  an  immense  amount  of  money,  and  he 
swindled  widows  and  orphans  in  unheard  of  ways. 
Aristocracy  always  has  robbed  and  cheated  the  people. 


298  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

Take  as  an  example,  John  of  Cappadocia.  He  was 
a  Prefect ;  his  knowledge  was  not  borrowed  from  the 
schools,  and  his  style  was  scarcely  legible ;  but  he  ex- 
celled in  the  powers  of  native  genius  to  suggest  the 
wisest  counsels,  and  to  find  expedients  in  the  most  des- 
perate situations.  The  corruption  of  his  heart  was 
equal  to  the  vigor  of  his  understanding,  and  his  aspir- 
ing fortune  was  raised  on  the  death  of  thousands,  the 
poverty  of  millions,  the  ruin  of  cities,  and  the  desola- 
tion of  provinces.  From  the  dawn  of  light  to  the  mo- 
ment of  dinner,  he  assiduously  labored  to  enrich  his 
master  and  himself  at  the  expense  of  the  Roman  world. 
The  remainder  of  the  day  was  spent  in  sensual  and  ob- 
scene pleasures,  and  the  silent  hours  of  the  night  were 
interrupted  by  the  perpetual  dread  of  the  justice  of  an 
assassin.  His  abilities,  perhaps  his  vices,  helped  him  to 
the  lasting  friendship  of  Justinian.  But  the  prefect,  in 
the  insolence  of  favor,  provoked  the  resentment  of  The- 
odora, who  disdained  a  power  before  which  every  knee 
was  bent,  and  he  attempted  to  sow  the  seeds  of  discord 
between  the  emperor  and  his  beloved  consort.  Even 
Theodora  herself  was  constrained  to  dissemble,  to  wait 
a  favorable  moment,  and  by  an  artful  conspiracy  to  ren- 
der John  of  Cappadocia  the  accomplice  of  his  own  de- 
struction: At  a  time  when  Bellisarius,  unless  he  had 
been  a  hero,  must  have  shown  himself  a  rebel,  his  wife 
Antonia,  who  enjoyed  the  secret  confidence  of  the  em- 
press, communicated  her  feigned  discontent  to  Eu- 
phemia,  the  daughter  of  the  Prefect.  The  credulous 
virgin  imparted  to  her  father  the  dangerous  project, 
and  John,  who  might  have  known  the  value  of  oaths 
and  promises,  was  tempted  to  accept  a  nocturnal  visit 
with  the  wife  of  Bellisarius.  An  ambuscade  of  guards 
and  eunuchs  had  been  posted  by  the  command  of  The- 
odora, and  they  rushed  with  drawn  swords  to  seize  or 
to  jjunish  the  man  who  was  guilty.  He  was  saved  by 
the  fidelity  of  his  attendants,  but  his  office  was  taken 
from  him,  and  one  of  a  priest  substituted.  What 
would  honorable  men  of  this  day  say  if  such  a  conspi- 
racy was  concocted  and  carried  on  ?     But  see,  the  prin- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       299 

cipal  was  an  Empress,  the  subject,  the  wife  of  the  great- 
est general  of  the  age,  and  the  victim  the  principal  of- 
ficer under  the  Emperor.  The  Huns  could  furnish 
two  thousand  elephants  to  support  their  cavalry. 
Amida  sustained  a  long  and  destructive  siege,  and  at 
the  end  of  three  months  the  loss  of  fifty  thousand  sol- 
diers was  not  balanced  by  any  success.  The  inde- 
cency of  the  women  on  the  ramparts  was  shocking. 
Amida  surrendered.  Four  thousand  Persians  were 
slain.  After  the  siege,  the  country  was  stripped  of  its 
inhabitants,  and  both  living  and  dead  were  exposed  to 
the  wild  beasts  of  the  desert.  The  slaughter  was  great, 
and  the  conqueror  sold  his  spoils  of  conquest  for  an 
enormous  price. 

The  city  of  Davy  was  surrounded  by  two  walls ;  the 
inner  was  sixty  feet  high,  and  the  towers  were  one  hun- 
dred feet  high,  and  the  walls  were  fifty  paces  apart,  a- 
place  for  the  cattle.  These  fortifications  cost  enor- 
mously and  the  people  had  to  pay  all,  and  the  aristoc- 
racy received  the  honor  and  paid  but  little  and  did  none 
of  the  work.  Reader,  make  up  your  mind  not  to  be- 
governed  by  such  infamous  aristocracy,  and  do  not  be- 
lieve a  word  they  say.  It  is  a  certain  way  of  disposing 
of  that  destructive  and  useless  lazzaroni  and  drones. 
Justinian  suppressed  the  schools  of  Athens  which  had 
given  so  many  sages  and  heroes  to  mankind;  he  show- 
ed the  utter  barbarian.  According  to  Julius  Africanus 
the  world  was  created  the  first  of  September,  5508 
years  three  months  and  twenty-five  days  before  the 
birth  of  Christ.  Bellisarius  fought  a  battle  with  the  Per- 
sians and  eight  thousand  of  them  were  slain.  The  wife  of 
the  general  was  of  low  birth,  fair  and  subtle,  she  did  not 
merit  conjugal  fidelity,  but  she  loved  her  husband  and 
accompanied  him  in  the  dangers  of  military  life. 

As  the  fieet  was  sailing:  to  Carthaoe  thev  were  fam- 
ishing  for  water;  the  forethought  of  the  wife  of  Bellisarius 
manifested  itself  by  unearthing  bottles  of  water,  which 
she  had  covered  with  sand  in  the  bottom  of  the  ships. 
Bellisarius  commanded  his  soldiers  in  Africa  not  to  take 
anything  from  the  people  without  paying  them  for  it. 


''300  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

A  great  contrast  from  what  was  done  in  the  civil  war 
with  the  South.  The'barbarians  in  some  cases  excel  the 
barbarians  of  another  country.  Such  is  Society.  The 
Vandals  had  an  army  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  thousand 
men.  Ammatas  charged  the  Romans,  and  slew  twelve 
of  his  boldest  antagonists  with  his  own  hand.  He  was 
pierced  with  a  mortal  wound;  his  Vandals  fled  to  Car- 
thage; the  highway  for  most  ten  miles  was  strewed  with 
dead  bodies,  and  three  hundred  Romans  done  that 
bloody  work.  The  Vandals  could  not  stand  the  arms 
and  discipline  of  the  Romans.  The  Vandals  retired 
with  hasty  steps  to  the  desert  of  Numidia.  Carthage 
invited  the  Romans  to  the  city.  The  Romans  entered 
the  camp  in  the  night.  Every  barbarian  who  met  their 
swords  was  inhumanly  massacred.  Their  widows, 
daughters,  and  rich  heirs  or  beautiful  concubines  were 
■embraced  by  the  licentious  soldiers,  and  avarice  itself 
was  almost  satisfied  with  the  treasures  of  gold  and  sil- 
ver. Intoxicated  with  lust  and  rapine,  they  explored 
every  secret  place  to  find  more  booty.  After  Bellisarius 
'had  conquered  the  Vandals  he  returned  to  Constanti- 
nople, and  left  the  country  in  charge  of  a  eunuch  whose 
name  was  Solomon.  Many  of  the  Vandals  rebelled,  and 
in  two  battles  Solomon  destroyed  sixty  thousand  of  the 
barbarians.  At  this  time  the  Vandal  soldiers  were 
mostly  naked.  It  appears  that  we  have  in  many  res- 
pects progressed,  in  spite  of  what  the  lying  and  swind- 
ling aristocracy  say.  The  blood  and  carnage  they  have 
been  the  cause  of  is  many  times  of  more  worth  than  all 
their  boasted  wealth.  The  barbarians  sometimes  were 
divided;  then  the  Romans  would  make  a  treaty  with 
the  weaker  party,  and  the  sequel  would  be  that  Rome 
took  the  country.  There  was  almost  continual  war,  and 
the  wars  were  many  of  short  duration,  but  they  cost 
immense  treasure  and  lives ;  but  the  flagitious  and  in- 
famous aristocracy  had  but  little  care  for  men  or 
money,  they  managed  that  most  of  the  money  they  kept. 
The  Goths  prepared  to  besiege  Rome.  Eighteen 
days  were  employed  by  the  besiegers,  to  provide  all 
the  instruments  of  attack  ;    fascines  to  fill  the  ditches, 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        3OI 

scaling  ladders  to  ascend  the  walls.  The  largest  of 
the  forests  supplied  the  timbers  for  four  battering 
rams.  Their  heads  were  armed  with  iron,  they  were 
suspended  by  ropes,  and  each  of  them  was  worked  by 
the  labor  of  fifty  men.  On  the  morning  of  the  nine- 
teenth day  a  general  attack  was  made.  Seven  Gothic 
columns  were,  with  their  military  engines,  advanced  to 
the  assault;  and  the  Romans  who  lined  the  ramparts 
listened  with  doubt  and  anxiety  to  the  cheerful  assur- 
ances of  their  commander.  As  soon  as  the  enemy 
aproached  the  ditch,  Bellisarius  himself  drew  the 
first  arrow,  and  such  was  his  strength  and  aim  that  he 
transfixed  the  foremost  of  the  barbarian  leaders.  A 
shout  and  applause  went  along  the  line.  He  drew  a 
second  arrow,  and  the  stroke  was  followed  with  the 
same  success  and  the  same  acclamation.  The  Roman 
general  then  gave  the  word  that  the  archers  should 
aim  at  the  teams  of  oxen  ;  they  instantly  were  covered 
with  mortal  wounds.  The  towers  which  they  drew 
remained  useless  and  immovable,  and  in  a  single  mo- 
ment disconcerted  the  laborious  projects  of  the  king 
of  the  Goths.  After  this  disappointment  Vilages  still  • 
continued,  or  feigned  to  continue,  the  assault  of  the 
Salarian  gate,  that  he  might  divert  the  attention  of 
his  adversary ;  while  his  principal  forces  strenuously 
attacked  Praenestine  gate,  and  the  sepulchre  of  Hadri- 
an, at  the  distance  of  three  miles  from  each  other. 
Near  the  former  the  vivarium  were  low  or  broken. 
The  fortifications  of  the  latter  were  feebly  guarded. 
The  vigor  of  the  Goths  was  excited  by  the  hope  of 
victory  and  spoil,  and  if  a  single  post  had  given  way 
the  Romans,  and  Rome  itself,  were  irrecoverably  lost. 
This  perilous  day  was  the  most  glorious  in  the  life  of 
Bellisarius.  The  whole  plan  of  the  attack  and  defense 
was  distinctly  present  to  his  mind.  He  observed  the 
changes  at  each  instant,  weighed  each  possible  advan- 
tage, transported  his  person  to  the  scenes  of  danger, 
and  comminuted  his  spirit  in  calm  and  decisive  orders. 
The  Goths  were  repulsed  on  all  sides ;  the  contest 
was  fiercely  maintained  from  the  morning  to  the  eve- 


302  "THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

ning.  Thirty  thousand  Goths,  according  to^  their 
chiefs,  perished  in  this  long,  stubborn  and  bloody  ac- 
tion, and  the  number  of  the  wounded  as  many.  And 
the  Goths  lost  five  thousand  more  in  different  skir- 
mishes, and  the  Romans  say  five  thousand,  making  in 
all,  forty  thousand  killed  and  as  many  wounded.  The 
women  and  children  were  sent  away  from  the  city. 
Milan  was  besieged  and  taken,  and  the  walls  were 
leveled  with  the  ground.  The  clergy  were  slaught- 
ered at  the  foot  of  their  own  altars.  Three  hundred 
thousand  males  were  slain,  and  the  females  were  re- 
sio-ned  to  the  Buro-undians.  One  hundred  thousand 
Franks  marched  into  Rome.  They  rumed  Geno,  and 
killed  thousands  of  the  inhabitants  ;  and  they  sacri- 
ficed women  and  children,  which  was  performed  with 
impunity  in  the  camp  of  the  king.  Disease  carried 
off  so  many  of  the  army  of  the  Franks  that  they  lelt 
the  country. 

Bellisarius  had  much  trouble  with  his  wife,  who 
was  unfaithful,  and  always  had  a  lover,  and  Bellisa- 
rius did  not  dare  to  say  anything,  as  Theodora,  the 
empress,  was  the  firm  friend  of  the  general's  wife  in 
crime,  as  she  knew  all  about  it.  Two  chambermaids 
exposed  the  woman  ;  her  name  was  Antonina,  and 
they  both  were  executed  secretly,  perhaps,  and  the 
son  of  Antonina  told  Bellisarius  what  he  knew,  and 
they  both  were  sworn,  but  the  general  exposed  his  son, 
and  the  two  women  had  him  put  in  a  dungeon.  Theo- 
dora had  dark  and  secret  places  in  the  palace  ;  he 
at  the  end  of  three  years  escaped.  She  had  a  lover 
by  the  name  of  Theodosius ;  he  dreaded  the  scandal 
of  the  capital  and  the  indiscreet  fondness  of  the  wife 
of  Bellisarius  ;  he  escaped  from  her  embraces,  and  re- 
tired to  Ephesus ;  shaved  his  head,  and  took  refuge 
in  the  sanctuary  of  a  monastic  life.  Antonina  wept; 
she  tore  her  hair;  she  filled  the  palace  with  her  cries  ; 
she  said  she  had  lost  her  dearest  of  friends  ;  a  tender, 
a  faithful,  a  laborious  friend.  And  the  lover  could  not 
be  enticed  back.  Bellisarius  came  from  the  Persian 
war,  and  met  his  wife  at  the  palace,  likely  in  the  pres- 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARIStOCRACY.       303 

ence  of  Theodora ;  he  embraced  her ;  he  dared  not 
do  otherwise,  or  his  Hfe  would  be  the  cost.  But  the 
empress  so  said  :  "  1  have  found  my  dearest  friend  a 
pearl  of  inestimable  value  ;  it  has  not  been  seen  by 
any  mortal  eye,  but  the  sight  and  possession  of  this 
jewel  are  destined  for  my  friend."  As  soon  as  the 
curiosity  and  impatience  were  excited,  the  door  of  a 
bed-chamber  was  thrown  open,  and  Antonina  beheld 
her  lover,  whom  the  diligence  of  Theodora's  eunuchs 
had  discovered  in  his  secret  prison  ;  her  silent  wonder 
burst  into  passionate  wonder  and  exclamations  of  grat- 
itude and  joy,  and  she  named  Theodora  her  queen, 
her  benefactress,  and  her  saviour.  The  monk,  Theo- 
dosius,  was  nourished  in  the  palace  with  luxury  and 
ambition  ;  but  instead  of  assuming,  as  he  was  promis- 
ed, the  command  of  the  Roman  armies,  Theodosius 
expired  in  the  first  amours  of  an  amorous  interview. 
The  grief  of  Antonina  could  only  be  assuaged  by  the 
sufferings  of  her  sons.  A  youth  of  consular  rank,  and  a 
sickly  constitution,  was  punished  without  a  trial  like  a 
malefactor  and  a  slave ;  yet,  such  was  the  constancy 
of  his  mind  that  Prolius  sustained  the  tortures  of  the 
scourge  and  the  rack,  without  violating  the  faith 
which  he  had  sworn  to  Bellisarius.  After  this  fruitless 
cruelty,  the  son  of  Antonina,  while  his  mother  feasted 
with  the  empress,  was  buried  in  her  subterranean 
prison,  which  admitted  not  the  distinction  of  night  or 
day.  He  twice  escaped  to  the  most  venerable  sanctu- 
aries of  Constantinople,  the  churches  of  St.  Sophia, 
and  of  the  Virgin  ;  but  his  tyrants  were  insensible  to 
pity  and  religion,  and  the  helpless  youth,  amidst  the 
clamors  of  the  clergy  and  the  people,  was  twice 
dragged  from  the  altar  to  the  dungeon  ;  his  third  at- 
tempt was  successful.  At  the  end  of  three  years  the 
prophet  Zachariah,  or  some  friend,  indicated  the 
means  of  an  escape  ;  he  eluded  the  spies  and  guards 
of  the  empress,  reached  the  Holy  Sepulchre  of  the 
city  of  Jerusalem  ;  embraced  the  profession  of  a  monk, 
and  the  Abbot  Photius  was  employed,  after  the  death 
of  Justinian,  to  reconcile  and  regulate  the  churches  of 


304  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Egypt  (he  was  the  son  of  Bellisarius  and  Antonina), 
and  the  son  suffered  all  the  cruelties  the  mother  could 
inflict,  and  Bellisarius  imposed  on  himself  the  more  in- 
famous crime  of  violating  his  promise,  and  deserting 
his  friend.  It  is  not  pleasant  to  follow  these  infernal 
aristocrats  and  vile  barbarians  in  their  iniquitous  trans- 
actions. But  we  have  stated  a  proposition  at  the  head 
of  the  page,  and  our  intention  is  to  prove  it.  By  their 
satanical  actions  you  shall  know  them — not  by  their 
words.  If  you  believe  them,  you  will  be  led  into  a 
labyrinth  of  error  and  lies.  It  is  they  that  are  guilty 
of  nearly  all  the  misery  in  the  world. 

The  great  Pompey  might  inscribe  on  his  trophies 
that  he  had  defeated  in  battle  two  millions  of  enemies, 
and  reduced  fifteen  cities,  from  the  Lake  Maeatis  to 
the  Red  Sea  ;  but  the  fortune  of  Rome  flew  before  his 
eagles.  The  nations  were  oppressed  by  their  own 
fears,  and  the  invincible  legions  which  he  com- 
manded had  been  formed  by  the  habits  of  conquest, 
and  the  discipline  of  ages.  The  regular  force  of  the 
empire  once  amounted  to  six  hundred  and  forty-five 
thousand.  It  was  reduced  in  the  time  of  Justinian,  to 
one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand.  This  number,  large 
as  it  may  seem,  was  largely  scattered  over  the  sea  and 
land,  and  over  the  empire.  The  empire  was  going 
down  the  grade  at  accelerated  speed.  The  citizen  was 
exhausted,  yet  the  soldier  vi^as  unpaid  ;  his  poverty  was 
mischievously  soothed  by  the  privilege  of  rapine  and 
indolence,  and  the  tardy  payments  were  detained  and 
intercepted  by  the  fraud  of  those  agents  who  usurp, 
without  courage  or  danger,  the  emoluments  of  war. 
Public  or  private  distress  recruited  the  armies  of  the 
State,  but  in  the  field,  and  still  more  in  the  presence 
of  the  enemy,  their  numbers  were  always  defective. 
The  generals,  who  were  multiplied  beyond  the  exam- 
ple of  former  times,  labored  only  to  prevent  the  suc- 
cess or  to  sully  the  reputation  of  their  colleagues,  and 
they  had  been  taught  by  experience  that  guilt  would 
obtain  the  indulgence  of  a  gracious  emperor.  The 
Lombards  and  the  Romans  were  face  to  face  with  each 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARI-STOCRACY.       305 

other,  ready  for  battle;  the  two  armies  were  suddenly- 
struck  with  a  panic ;  they  fled  from  each  other,  and 
the  rival  kings  remained  with  their  guards  in  the  midst 
of  an  empty  plain.  A  short  truce  was  obtained,  but 
their  mutual  animosity,  again  kindled,  and  the  remem- 
brance of  their  shame  rendered  the  encounter  desper- 
ate and  bloody.  Forty  thousand  of  the  barbarians 
perished  in  the  decisive  battle.  What  a  slaughter  aris- 
tocracy and  barbarism  have  made  in  the  world,  and 
aristocracy  is  to  blame  for  it  all.  The  same  year,  and 
perhaps  the  same  month  in  which  Ravenna  surren- 
dered, was  marked  by  an  invasion  of  the  Huns  or  Bul- 
garians, so  dreadful  that  it  almost  effaced  the  memo- 
ry of  their  past  inroads.  They  spread  from  the  su- 
burbs of  Constantinople  to  the  Ionian  Gulf,  destroying 
thirty-two  cities  or  castles ;  erased  Potidea,  which 
Athens  had  built  and  Philip  had  besieged,  and  re- 
passed the  Danube,  dragging  at  their  horses' heels  one 
hundred  and  twenty  thousand  of  the  subjects  of  Jus- 
tinian. In  a  subsequent  inroad  they  pierced  the  wall 
of  the  Thracian  Chersonesus,  extirpated  the  habitations 
and  inhabitants,  boldly  traversed  Hellespont,  and  re- 
turned to  their  companions  laden  with  the  spoils  of 
Asia.  It  does  appear  that  we  are  progressing  in  mor- 
als, but  many  a  fanatic  will  say  that  we  are  going  back 
to  barbarism. 

Three  thousand  Sclavonians,  who  insolently  divided 
themselves  into  two  bands,  discovered  the  weakness 
and  misery  of  a  triumphant  reign.  They  passed  the 
Danube  and  the  Hebrus,  vanquished  the  Roman  gen- 
erals who  dared  to  oppose  their  progress,  and  plundered 
with  impunity  the  cities  Illorium  and  Thrace,  each  of 
which  had  arms  and  numbers  to  overwhelm  their  con- 
temptible assailants.  Whatever  praise  the  boldness 
of  the  Sclavonians  may  deserve,  it  is  sullied  by  the 
wanton  and  deliberate  cruelty  which  they  are  accused 
of  exercising  on  their  prisoners.  Without  distinction 
of  rank,  or  age,  or  sex,  the  captives  were  impaled  or 
skinned  alive,  or  suspended  between  four  posts,  and 
beaten  with  clubs  till  they  expired,  or  enclosed  in  some 


3o6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

spacious  building  and  left  to  perish  in  the  flames  with 
the  spoils  and  cattle  which  might  impede  the  march 
of  those  savage  victors.  Perhaps  a  more  impartial 
narrative  would  reduce  the  number  and  qualify  the  na- 
ture of  these  horrid  acts,  and  they  sometimes  be  ex- 
cused by  the  cruel  laws  of  retaliation.  In  the  siege 
of  Topirus,  whose  obstinate  defense  had  enraged  the 
Sclavonians,  they  massacred  fifteen  thousand  males, 
but  they  spared  the  women  and  children.  In  ancient 
times  all  were  killed  but  the  virgins,  and  they  were 
spared  for  the  priests ;  such  was  life  in  those  infamous 
times.  Read  the  above  carefully,  and  think  if  we  have 
improved  in  morals,  in  humanity,  in  justice.  And  all 
this  inhuman  butchery  was  done  by  the  demon  aris- 
tocracy and  barbarism.  But,  says  the  fool,  it  was  not 
done  by  aristocracy.  We  say  it  was.  There  was  noth- 
ing but  aristocracy  in  those  days.  Aristocracy  is  gov- 
ernment by  a  few,  and  those  who  are  in  favor  of  such 
government.  So  barbarism  may  be  aristocracy.  And 
barbarism  can  not  have  anything  else  but  aristocracy, 
they  are  not  advanced  in  morals  sufficiently  to  have  a 
democracy.  It  takes  a  moral  people  to  establish  a 
democracy,  so  then  there  is  but  little  difference  between 
aristocracy  and  barbarism.  They  are  but  a  few  degrees 
above  the  brute  creation  when  morals  are  considered. 
Procopius  has  confidently  affirmed  that  in  a  reign  of 
thirty-two  years,  each  annual  inroad  of  barbarians  con- 
sumed two  hundred  thousand  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Roman  E^mpire,  and  the  provinces  south  of  the  Dan- 
ube were  reduced  to  a  Scythian  wilderness.  The  Turks 
had  iron  forges,  and  they  manufactured  iron  for  the 
purposes  of  war ;  and  they  were  a  despised  set  of 
slaves.  But  one  of  the  leaders,  bold  and  eloquent,  per- 
suaded them  that  the  same  arms  they  forged  for  their 
masters  might  become  in  their  own  hands  the  instru- 
ments of  freedom  and  victory.  They  sallied  from  the 
mountains.  A  sceptre  was  the  reward  of  his  advice, 
and  the  annual  ceremony,  in  which  a  piece  of  iron  was 
heated  in  the  fire,  and  a  smith's  hammer  was  succes- 
ively  handled  by  the  prince  and  his  nobles,  recorded 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        307 

for  ages  the  humble  profession  and  rational  pride  of 
the  Turkish  nation.  The  Turks  offered  iron  for  sale, 
but  the  Roman  embassadors,  with  strange  obstinacy, 
persisted  in  believing  that  it  was  all  a  trick,  and  that 
their  country  produced  none.  The  Calmucks  have 
the  largest  sheep  and  oxen  in  the  world;  so  says  Gib- 
bon. That  was  in  the  year  545  A.  C.  In  the  rapid 
career  of  conquest,  the  Turks  attacked  and  subdued 
the  nation  of  the  Ogors  Varchonites  on  the  banks  of  the 
river  Til,  which  derived  the  epithet  black  from  its  dark 
water  and  gloomy  forests.  The  khan  of  the  Ogors  was 
slain  with  three  hundred  thousand  of  his  subjects,  and 
their  bodies  were  scattered  over  the  space  of  four  days' 
journey.  Blood  and  carnage  is  the  practical  motto  of 
the  nefarious  aristocracy,  and  its  ally,  barbarism.  Worse 
than  the  brutes,  how  they  can  enjoy  such  butchery,  and 
murder,  and  massacre  we  can  not  solve.  But  such  it 
has  been,  and  always  will  be ;  the  nature  of  the  aristo- 
cratic brute,  having  the  form  of  the  human  species,  but 
the  nature  of  the  brute.  It  makes  us  believe  in  the 
Darwinian  theory  ;  these  brutes  have  evolved  in  form 
to  the  human  species,  but  in  sympathy  and  morals 
they  still  are  brutes.     That  solves  it. 

And  this  is  the  true  solution  of  their  degradation  : 
They  have  not  yet  arrived  at  the  state  of  perfection 
that  their  more  perfect  progeny  have  attained  to  with 
the  aid  of  evolution.  The  different  organs  of  the  cor- 
poreal system  were  created  at  one  time.  The  lower 
order  of  animals  have  but  one  organ,  and  additional 
organs  make  the  animal  more  complex,  and  that  is 
what  makes  a  higher  animal.  In  mind,  no  doubt,  the 
affectionate  attribute  was  evolved  first,  and  the  inter- 
lectual  second,  and  the  moral  faculties  last,  and  they 
are  the  highest,  and  the  aristocracy  have  very  little  of 
that  faculty.  The  very  inception  of  the  aristocratic 
principle  is  theft  and  robbery;  that  is,  to  take  away 
the  political  rights  of  the  people.  Every  man  has  his 
natural  rights,  one  as  much  as  another. 

"  Who  first  taught  man  enslaved  and  realms  undone, 
The  enormous  faith  of  many  made  for  one." 


3o8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

But  the  sycophant  thinks  it  is  rough  to  call  an  ar- 
istocrat a  thief  and  a  robber.  Why,  that  is  the  first 
article  of  his  faith  ;  without  that  principle  of  robbing 
and  stealing  he  would  not  be  an  aristocrat.  It  is  the 
foundation  of  his  creed.  It  is  the  base  that  supports 
the  whole  corrupt  principle;  you  take  that  away  and 
the  whole  fabric  falls.  We  cannot  berate  the  aristoc- 
racy too  severely.  It  is  the  most  infamous  of  all 
parties.  We  call  imperialism,  monarchy,  and  all  des- 
potisms by  the  common  name  ;  as  one  man  cannot  rule 
a  nation  he  must  have  help,  so  we  call  them  all  aris- 
tocracies and  democracies.  The  fugitives  who  fled 
before  the  Turkish  arms  passed  the  Tanais  and  Borys- 
thenes,  and  boldly  advanced  into  the  heart  of  Poland 
and  Germany,  violating  the  law  of  nations  and  abusing 
the  rights  of  victory.  Before  ten  years  had  elapsed, 
their  camps  were  seated  on  the  Danube  and  the  Elbe. 
Many  Bulgarian  and  Slavonian  names  were  obliterat- 
ed from  the  earth,  and  the  remainder  of  their  tribes 
are  found  as  tributaries  and  vassals  under  the  stand- 
ard of  the  Avars.  The  Turks  wore  splendid  apparel, 
and  presents,  the  fruit  of  Oriental  luxury,  distinguished 
them  from  the  rude  nations  from  the  north.  They  of- 
fered their  aid  to  the  Romans,  which  the  minister  ac- 
cepted, and  the  ratification  of  the  treatv  was  carried 
by  a  Roman  minister  to  the  foot  of  Mount  Altai,  and 
the  Emperor  seemed  to  renounce  the  Avars. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

IMMORALITY  AND  INFAMY  OF  ARISTOCRACY. 

Chosroeshad  his  two  brothers  massacred,  fearing  that 
they  would  aspire  to  the  throne,  and  their  families  and 
adherents.  Only  one  guiltless  youth  was  saved,  and  the 
Romans  gave  him  eleven  thousand  pounds  of  gold,  as 
the  price  of  an  endless  peace.  The  Persians  besieged 
Antioch,  the  city  was  taken,  and  the  people  slaughter- 
ed, and   the  city   burned   by  order  of  the    barbarians. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       309 

Colchis  exported  twelve  thousand  slaves  yearly,  mostly 
females.  The  Roman  general  besieged  the  city  of  Pe- 
tra.  It  was  naturally  a  very  strong  place,  which  was 
very  difficult  to  take.  The  stock  of  provisions  was 
sufficient  for  five  years.  Three  thousand  men  defend- 
ed the  place.  The  Romans  took  it,  and  the  three  thou- 
sand soldiers  were  all  killed,  and  the  place  was  burnt. 
The  Romans  had  been  driven  to  the  seashore  and  had 
fortified  their  camp.  The  Persians  assaulted  their 
camp,  and  ten  thousand  Persians  were  slain.  The  gen- 
eral fled  but  was  taken,  flayed  alive,  and  his  skin  stuffed 
and  exposed  on  the  mountain  The  Roman  Empire 
was  fast  going  to  destruction;  they  bought  the  peace  of 
some  nations  with  the  money  they  had  plundered.  The 
Moors  were  a  treacherous  nation,  and  neither  oaths  nor 
obligations  could  secure  and  hold  their  friendship.  A 
Moorish  tribe  had  encamped  under  the  walls  of  Septis, 
to  renewtheiralliance  and  to  receive  from  the  governor 
the  customary  gifts.  Fourscore  of  their  deputies  were 
introduced  as  friends  into  the  city,  but  on  the  dark  sus- 
picion of  a  conspiracy  they  were  massacred  at  the  table 
of  Sergius,  and  the  clamor  of  arms  and  revenge  was 
re-echoed  through  the  valleys  of  Mount  Atlas  from 
both  the  Syrtes  to  the  Atlantic  ocean.  A  personal  in- 
gury,  the  unjust  execution  or  murder  of  his  brother, 
rendered  Antalas  the  enemy  of  the  Romans;  the  de- 
feat of  the  Vandals  had  formally  signalized  his  valor. 
The  Moors  gained  a  battle  over  the  Romans  on  the 
field  of  Tebeste,  bv  the  death  of  Solomon  and  the  to- 
tal loss  of  his  army.  The  arrival  of  fresh  troops  and 
more  skillful  commanders  soon  checked  the  insolence 
of  the  Moors ;  seventeen  of  their  princes  were  slain  in 
the  same  battle,  and  the  doubtful  and  transient  submis- 
sion of  their  tribes  was  celebrated  at  Constantinople. 
The  desolation  of  Africa  was  such,  that  in  many  parts 
a  man  might  travel  all  day  without  meeting  a  person. 
The  nation  of  the  Vandals  had  disappeared,  they  once 
amounted  to  one  hundred  and  sixty  thousand  warriors, 
with  women,  slaves  and  children.  Their  number  was 
infinitely  surpassed  by  the  number  of    the  Moors  who 


3IO  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

were  extirpated  in  a  relentless  war,  and  the  same  des- 
truction was  retaliated  on  the  Romans  and  their  allies, 
who  perished  by  the  climate,  their  mutual  quarrels,  and 
the  rage  of  the  barbarians.  When  Procopius  first 
landed  in  Africa  he  admired  the  populousness  of  the 
cities  and  country,  strenuously  exercised  in  the  labors 
of  commerce  and  agriculture.  In  less  than  twenty 
years  that  busy  scene  was  converted  into  a  silent  soli- 
tude ;  the  wealthy  citizens  escaped  to  Sicily  and  Con- 
stantinople;  and  the  secret  historian  has  confidently 
afiirmed  that  five  millions  of  Africans  were  consumed 
by  the  wars,  and  the  government  of  the  emperor  Jus- 
tinian. 

The  Gothic  king,  Totila,  was  the  first  barbarian  that 
acted  like  a  human  being.  He  restored  the  wives  of 
senators  to  their  husbands.  The  violation  of  female 
chastity  was  inexorably  punished  by  death.  Totila 
besieged  and  took  Rome,  A.  D.  546  ;  the  enemy  were 
treacherously  admitted  into  the  city;  the  Roman 
troops  escaped,  but  it  cannot  be  called  an  escape,  but 
a  march  to  let  in  the  enemy.  Some  of  the  walls  were 
demolished,  and  Totila  did  not  follow  the  Roman 
army.  The  lives  of  the  people  were  spared,  and  fe- 
males were  respected.  Totila  took  the  most  precious 
spoils  for  the  royal  treasury.  The  houses  of  the  sen- 
ators were  plentifully  stored  with  gold  and  silver,  and 
the  avaricious  Bessus  had  labored  with  so  much  guilt 
and  shame  for  the  benefit  of  the  conqueror.  In  this 
revolution  the  sons  and  daughters  of  Roman  consuls 
tasted  the  misery  they  often  spurned.  They  wandered 
through  the  streets  begging  bread.  The  soldiers 
were  rewarded  with  the  freedom  of  pillaging  the  city,, 
after  the  most  precious  spoils  had  been  taken  for  the 
royal  treasury.  Totila  had  prepared  four  hundred 
vessels  for  the  embarkation  of  his  troops.  He  reduced 
the  cities  of  Rhegium  and  Tarentum,  and  the  island 
of  Sicily  was  stripped  of  its  gold  and  silver,  and  of  its 
horses,  sheep  and  oxen.  In  every  step  of  his  victo- 
ries the  wise  barbarian  repeated  to  Justinian  the  desire 
of  peace,  applauded  the  concord  of  their  predecessors. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       3II 

and  offered  to  employ  the  Gothic  arms  in  the  service 
of  the  Roman  Empire.  Justinian  was  deaf  to  the 
voice  of  peace,  but  he  neglected  the  prosecution  of 
war.  Germanius  was  appointed  general  to  oppose 
Totila.  Theodora  had  injured  him  in  the  rights  of  a 
private  citizen.  He  put  a  new  aspect  on  matters  in  a 
short  time  ;  he  raised  a  respectable  army  in  a  short 
time,  but  that  terminated  his  career.  He  took  sick 
and  died  suddenly.  But  he  had  given  the  army  an  im- 
pulse which  did  not  cease  for  a  time. 

After  the  loss  of  Germanius,  the  nations  were  pro- 
voked to  smiles  by  the  strange  intelligence  that  the 
command  of  the  Roman  armies  was  given  to  a  eunuch. 
But  the  eunuch  Narses  is  one  of  the  few  who  have 
rescued  that  unhappy  name  from  the  contempt  and 
hatred  of  mankind.  A  feeble,  diminutive  body  con- 
cealed the  soul  of  a  statesman  and  a  warrior  Justin- 
ian granted  to  a  favorite  what  he  might  have  denied  to 
a  hero.  The  key  of  the  public  treasure  was  put  into 
his  hand,  to  collect  magazines,  to  levy  soldiers,  to 
purchase  arms  and  horses,  to  discharge  the  arrears  of 
pay,  and  to  tempt  the  fidelity  of  fugitives  and  desert- 
ers. The  troops  of  Germanius  were  still  in  arms. 
They  halted  at  Salona,  in  the  expectation  of  a  new 
leader.  The  King  of  Lombards  satisfied  or  surpassed 
the  obligations  of  a  treaty,  by  sending  two  thousand 
two  hundred  of  his  bravest  warriors,  who  were  followed 
by  three  thousand  of  their  martial  attendants.  Three 
thousand  Heruli  fought  on  horseback,  under  Phile- 
muth,  their  native  chief,  and  many  others  assisted  in 
the  preparation  ;  so  in  a  short  time  Narses  had  a  nu- 
merous and  a  gallant  army.  Prudence  impelled  him 
to  speedy  and  decisive  action.  His  powers  were  the 
last  effort  of  the  State ;  the  cost  of  each  day  accumu- 
lated the  enormous  account,  and  the  nations  might 
turn  their  arms  against  each  other  or  desert.  The 
Goths  were  assembled  in  the  neighborhood  of  Rome. 
They  advanced  without  delay  to  seek  a  superior  ene- 
my, and  the  two  armies  approached  each  other  at  the 
distance  of  one  hundred  furlongs,  between  Tagina  and 


312  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

the  sepulchres  of  the  Gauls.  The  haughty  message 
of  Narses  was  an  offer  not  of  peace,  but  of  pardon. 
The  answer  of  the  Gothic  king  declared  his  resolu- 
tion to  die  or  conquer.  "  What  day,"  says  the  mes- 
senger, "  will  you  fix  for  the  combat  ?  "  "  The  eighth 
day,"  replied  Totila ;  but  early  next  morning  he  at- 
tempted to  surprise  a  foe  whose  suspicions  of  deceit 
had  prepared  for  battle  ;  but  he  found  the  Romans 
prepared.  Ten  thousand  Heruli  and  Lombards,  of 
approved  valor  and  doubtful  faith,  were  placed  in  the 
center.  Each  of  the  wings  was  guarded  by  the  cav- 
alry, and  was  composed  of  eight  thousand  cavalry. 
The  right  was  guarded  by  the  cavalry  of  the  Huns; 
the  left  was  covered  by  fifteen  hundred  chosen  horse, 
destined,  according  to  the  emergencies  of  action,  to 
sustain  the  retreat  of  their  friends,  or  to  encompass 
the  flank  of  the  enemy.  From  his  proper  station  at 
the  head  of  the  right  wing,  the  eunuch  rode  along  the 
line,  expressing  by  his  voice  and  countenance  the  as- 
surance of  victory,  exciting  the  soldiers  of  the  emperor 
to  punish  the  guilt  and  madness  of  a  band  of  robbers, 
and  exposing  to  their  view  gold  chains,  collars,  and 
bracelets,  the  reward  of  military  virtue.  From  the 
event  of  a  single  combat  he  drew  an  omen  of  success, 
and  they  beheld  with  pleasure  the  courage  of  fifty 
archers,  who  maintained  a  small  eminence  against 
three  successive  attacks  of  the  Gothic  cavalry. 

The  armor  of  the  barbarian  Totila  was  enchased 
with  gold,  his  purple  banner  floated  with  the  wind,  he 
cast  his  lance  into  the  air,  caught  it  with  the  right 
hand,  shifted  it  to  the  left,  threw  himself  backwards, 
recovered  his  seat,  and  managed  a  fiery  steed  in  all 
the  paces  and  evolutions  of  the  equestrian  school.  As 
soon  as  the  succors  had  arrived,  he  retired  to  the  tent, 
assumed  the  dress  and  arms  of  a  private  soldier,  and 
gave  the  signal  of  battle.  The  first  line  of  cavalry  ad- 
vanced with  morecourasfe  than  discretion,  and  left  be- 
hind  them  the  infantry  of  the  second  line.  They  were 
soon  engaged  between  the  horns  of  a  crescent,  into 
which  the  adverse  wings  had  been  insensibly  curved, 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        313 

and  were  saluted  from  either  side  by  the  vollies  of  four 
thousand  archers.  Their  ardor,  and  even  their  distress, 
drove  them  forward  to  a  close  and  unequal  conflict,  in 
which  they  could  only  use  their  lances,  against  an  en- 
emy equally  skilled  in  all  the  instruments  of  war. 
The  Gothic  cavalry  was  astonished  and  disordered, 
pressed  and  broken,  and  the  line  of  infantry,  instead  of 
presenting  their  spears  or  opening  their  intervals,  were 
trampled  under  the  feet  of  the  flying  horse.  Six  thous- 
and of  the  Goths  were  slaughtered  without  mercy,  in 
the  field  of  Tagina.  Their  prince  was  overtaken  by 
Asbaud,  of  the  Gaepida.  "Spare  the  King  of  Italy," 
cried  a  loyal  voice,  and  Asbaud  struck  his  lance 
through  the  body  of  Totila.  They  transported  their 
dying  monarch  seven  miles  beyond  the  scene  of  his 
disgrace,  and  his  last  moments  were  not  embittered  by 
the  presence  of  an  enemy.  But  the  Romans  were  not 
satisfied  with  their  victory,  till  they  beheld  the  corpse  of 
the  Gothic  king.  His  hat  enriched  with  gems,  and  his 
bloody  robe,  were  presented  to  Justinian  by  the  mes- 
sengers of  triumph.  Narses  marched  to  Rome,  which 
was  in  the  possession  of  the  barbarians,  and  the  Ro- 
man general  easily  took  the  city.  Rome  had  been  five 
times  taken  by  the  barbarians,  and  retaken.  But  the 
flying  Goths  found  some  consolation  in  sanguinary  re- 
venge, and  three  hundred  youths  of  the  noblest  fami- 
lies, who  had  been  sent  as  hostages  beyond  the  Poe, 
were  inhumanly  butchered  by  the  successor  of  Totila. 
Such  is  the  vile  practice  of  barbarians  and  aristocrats. 
Nothino'  is  too  inhuman  for  them  to  do.  The  Goths 
soon  embraced  a  more  generous  resolution  to  descend 
the  hill,  to  dismiss  their  horses,  and  to  die  in  arms 
and  in  the  possession  of  freedom.  The  king  marched 
at  their  head,  bearing  in  his  right  hand  a  lance,  and 
an  ampler  in  his  left ;  with  the  one  he  struck  dead  the 
foremost  of  the  assailants,  with  the  other  he  received 
the  weapons  whichevery  hand  was  ambitious  to  aim 
against  his  life.  After  a  combat  of  many  hours  his 
left  arm  was  fatigued  by  the  weight  of  twelve  javelins 
which  hung  from  his  shield.     Without  moving  from 


314  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

his  ground,  or  suspending  his  blows,  the  hero  called 
aloud  on  his  attendants  for  afresh  buckler  ;  but  in  the 
moment  while  his  side  was  uncovered,  it  was  pierced 
by  a  mortal  dart.  He  fell ;  and  his  head  exalted  on  a 
spear  proclaimed  to  the  nations  that  the  Gothic  king- 
dom was  no  more.  But  the  example  of  his  death 
served  only  to  animate  the  companions  who  had  sworn 
to  perish  with  their  leader.  They  fought  till  darkness 
fell  on  the  earth  ;  they  reposed  on  their  arms.  The 
combat  was  renewed  with  the  light,  and  maintained 
with  unabated  vigor  till  the  evening  of  the  second  day. 
The  repose  of  the  second  night,  the  want  of  water,  and 
the  loss  of  their  bravest  companions,  determined  the 
surviving  Goths  to  accept  the  fair  capitulation  which 
the  prudence  of  Narses  then  proposed. 

After  the  battle  of  Casilinum,  Narses  entered  the 
capital.  The  arms  and  treasures  of  the  Goths  and 
Franks,  and  the  Alemanni  were  displayed  ;  his  soldiers 
with  garlands  in  their  hands  chanted  the  praises  of  the 
conqueror,  and  Rome  for  the  last  time  beheld  the 
semblance  of  a  triumph.  Twenty  years  of  the  Gothic 
war  had  consummated  the  distress  and  depopulation 
of  Italy.  As  early  as  the  fourth  campaign,  under  the 
discipline  of  Bellisarius  himself,  fifty  thousand  laborers 
perished  of  hunger  in  the  narrow  regions  of  Picenum, 
and  a  strict  interpretation  of  the  evidence  of  Procopius 
would  swell  the  loss  of  the  Gothic  war  to  fifteen  or 
sixteen  millions  of  human  beings.  Acorns  were  used 
in  the  place  of  bread.  Procopius  had  seen  a  deserted 
orphan  suckled  by  a  she-goat.  Seventeen  men  were 
lodged,  murdered  and  eaten  by  two  women,  who  were 
detected  and  slain  by  the  eighteenth.  It  was  estimat- 
ed that  Africa  lost  in  the  wars  five  million  souls.  A 
horde  of  barbarians  passed  the  Danube  on  ice  ;  an 
earthquake  had  prostrated  the  walls  and  the  barbari- 
ans ;  the  report  of  whom  the  number  were  exaggerated  ; 
and  who  had  polluted  the  holy  virgins  and  abandoned 
new-born  infants  to  the  dogs  and  vultures.  The  ves- 
sels of  gold  and  silver  were  removed  from  the  churches. 
The  ramparts  were  lined  with  trembling  spectators. 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        315 

The  golden  gate  was  crowded  with  useless  generals 
and  tribunes  ;  and  the  senate  had  as  much  fear  as  the 
populace.  The  emulation  of  the  old  and  young  was 
aroused  by  the  name  of  Bellisarius ;  and  his  first  en- 
campment was  in  the  presence  of  a  barbarous  enemy. 
He  built  a  ditch  and  rampart.  Ten  thousand  voices 
demanded  battle.  Bellisarius  dissembled  his  knowl- 
edge, that  in  the  hour  of  trial  he  must  depend  on  three 
hundred  veterans.  The  next  morning  the  Bulgarian 
cavalry  advanced  to  the  charge;  but  they  heard  the 
shouts  of  many  voices ;  they  beheld  the  arms  and  dis- 
cipline of  the  front ;  they  were  assaulted  on  the  flanks 
by  two  ambuscades,  which  rose  from  the  woods ;  their 
foremost  warriors  fell  by  the  hand  of  the  aged  hero 
and  his  guards  ;  and  the  swiftness  of  their  evolutions 
was  rendered  useless  by  the  close  attack  and  rapid 
pursuit  of  the  Romans.  In  this  action  the  Bulgarians 
lost  only  four  hundred  horse,  but  Constantinople  was 
saved.     The  barbarians  left. 

■  No  facts  have  been  preserved  to  sustain  an  ac- 
count, or  even  a  conjecture  of  the  numbers  that  per- 
ished in  this  extraordinary  mortality.  I  only  find  that 
during  three  months,  five,  and  at  length  ten,  thousand 
persons  died  each  day  at  Constantinople ;  that  many 
cities  of  the  East  were  left  vacant,  and  that  in  several 
districts  of  Italy  the  harvest  and  the  vintage  withered 
on  the  ground.  The  triple  scourge  of  war,  pestilence, 
and  famine  afilicted  the  subjects  of  Justinian,  and  his 
reign  is  disgraced  by  the  visible  decrease  of  the 
human  species,  which  has  never  been  repaired  in 
some  of  the  fairest  countries  of  the  globe.  Some  will 
say  that  the  aristocracy  is  not  to  blame  for  this  plague. 
But  we  would  ask  if  it  is  the  office  of  the  leaders  in 
government  to  see  to  the  welfare  of  the  people  in 
every  department  of  the  social  compact ;  and,  no 
doubt,  it  is  ignorance  that  causes  so  many  evils  in  the 
world  ;  and  the  aristocracy  does  not  care  for  the  peo- 
ple, a  fact  which  no  one  in  his  right  understanding, 
and  knowledge,  and  sense,  can  gainsay;  and  the  world 
will  always   be  in  error,  distress,  and  poverty,  as  long 


3i6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

as  aristocracy  rules.  And  now  every  man  in  his  right 
mind  will  say,  that  it  must  be  wrong  to  let  those  rule 
whose  interest  is  diametrically  opposed  to  the  welfare 
and  interest  of  the  laboring  man.  In  the  language  of 
a  barbarian  without  guile,  the  prince  of  the  Avars  affect- 
ed to  complain  of  the  insincerity  of  the  Greeks  ;  yet  he 
was  not  inferior  to  the  most  of  the  civilized  nations  in 
the  refinement  of  dissimulation  and  perfidy.  As  the 
successor  of  the  Lombards,  the  Chagan  asserted  his 
claim  to  theimportantcity,surnamethe  ancient  bulwark 
of  Illyrian  provinces.  The  plains  of  the  Lower  Hunga- 
ry were  covered  with  the  Avar  horse,  and  the  fleet  of 
large  boats  was  built  in  the  Hereyniac  wood,  to  descend 
the  Danube,  and  to  transport  into  the  Save  the  materials 
for  a  bridge ;  but  as  the  strong  garrison  of  Singidumi- 
um,  which  commanded  the  conflux  of  the  two  rivers, 
might  have  stopped  their  passage,  and  bafiled  his  de- 
signs, he  dispelled  their  apprehensions  by  a  solemn 
oath  that  his  views  were  not  hostile  to  the  emperor. 
He  swore  by  his  sword,  the  symbol  of  the  god  of  war, 
that  he  did  not,  as  the  enemy  of  Rome,  construct  a 
bridge  upon  the  Save.  If  I  violate  my  oath,  pursued 
the  intrepid  barbarian,  may  I,  myself,  and  the  last  of 
my  nation  perish  by  the  sword  ;  may  the  heavens  and 
the  fire  of  the  Deity  of  the  heavens  fall  on  our  heads ; 
may  the  forest  and  mountains  bury  us  in  their  ruins; 
and  the  Save,  returning  against  the  laws  of  nature  to 
its  source,  overwhelm  us  in  his  angry  waters  ;  and 
he  swore  falsely,  as  terrible  as  this  oath  is.  But  he 
added  a  supplement  to  it,  to  make  it  doubly  strong.' 
After  this  barbarous  imprecation  he  calmly  inquired 
what  oath  was  most  sacred  and  venerable  among  the 
Christians  ?  what  guilt  or  perjury  it  was  most  danger- 
ous to  incur.?  The  bishop  presented  the  gospel, 
which  the /a/si  crzme7i  received  with  devout  reverence. 
1  swear,  said  he,  by  the  God  who  has  spoken  in  this 
holy  book,  that  I  have  neither  falsehood  on  my  tongue, 
nor  treachery  in  my  heart.  As  soon  as  he  arose  from 
his  knees,  he  accelerated  the  labor  on  the  bridge,  and 
despatched  an  envoy  to  proclaim  what  he  wished   no 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.       317 

longer  to  conceal.  In  form,  the  emperor  said,  the 
perfidious  Baian,  that  Sernium  is  invested  on  every 
side,  advised  his  prudence  to  withdraw  the  citizens 
and  their  effects,  and  to  resign  a  city  which  is  now 
impossible  to  relieve  or  defend. 

What  an  oath  this  barbarian  took!  horrible  and  as 
false  as  Belial  ;  and  he  no  doubt  thought  it  was  smart. 
And  oftentimes  we  have  advised  the  workinorman  not 
to  believe  an  aristocrat  a  word  he  says  ;  he  is  the  same 
as  a  barbarian,  and  worse  then  an  Indian.  The  In- 
dians had  some  business  with  the  Whites,  and  one  In- 
dian said  white  man  lie;  and  he  was  right,  and  he 
who  believes  an  aristocrat  in  business  lacks  sense,  and 
he  will  rue  the  day  he  does  (certainly  if  it  is  in  politics). 
A  liar  is  not  to  be  credited,  although  he  speaks  the 
truth.  Without  the  hope  of  relief,  the  defense  of  Ser- 
nium was  prolonged  three  years.  The  walls,  till  a 
merciful  capitulation,  allowed  the  escape  of  the  naked 
and  hungry  inhabitants.  Singidinum,  at  the  distance 
of  fifty  miles,  experienced  a  more  cruel  fate  ;  the  build- 
ings were  razed,  and  the  vanquished  people  were  con- 
demned to  servitude  and  exile.  Yet  the  ruins  of  Ser- 
nium are  no  longer  visible.  The  advantageous  situ- 
ation of  Singidinum  soon  attracted  a  new  colony  of 
Slavonians,  and  the  conflux  of  the  Save  and  Danube 
is  still  guarded  by  the  fortifications  of  Belgrade,  or  the 
White  City,  so  often  and  so  obstinately  disputed  by  the 
Turkish  arms  and  the  Christians.  From  Belgrade  to 
the  walls  of  Constantinople,  a  line  may  be  measured 
six  hundred  miles;  that  line  was  marked  with  flames 
and  with  blood.  In  five  successive  battles  the  Romans 
took  seventy  thousand  and  two  hundred  barbarians 
prisoners,  and  killed  near  sixty  thousand.  The  aris- 
tocracy kept  up  their  favorite  business — blood  and 
rapine.  Anything  to  make  money,  pleases  an  aristo- 
crat. Gibbon  says  a  reformer  must  possess  the  confi- 
dence and  esteem  of  those  he  intends  to  reform;  this 
is  not  the  root  of  the  matter.  A  reformer  must  speak 
the  truth  at  all  times,  and  he  must  make  it  so  plain 
that    any  person  can  easily  understand  it ;  and  as  to 


31 8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

confidence  in  the  writer,  that  is  all  moonshine,  and  is 
not  necessary.  All  that  is  requisite  is,  that  the  reader 
is  not  prejudiced  against  the  writer;  and  the  writer 
must  not  advance  any  theory  or  principle  that  the 
reader  does  not  understand  ;  if  he  does,  he  must  prove 
it ;  and  if  he  says  anything  the  reader  would  think  is 
incredible,  he  should  tell  where  it  could  be  seen.  Gib- 
bon was  an  old  aristocrat,  and  he  wishes  to  have  the 
people  have  confidence  in  a  few  leaders,  and  then  they 
can  nose  and  guide  them  about  for  their  own  interest. 
There  has  been  too  much  of  this.  We  say,  Be  men 
and  think  for  yourselves;  do  not  have  a  file  leader. 
The  scrubs  of  society  say  and  do  as  a  few  men  say, 
and  if  you  notice,  they  all  have  the  same  words  they 
say  over  like  parrots.  These  are  ignorant,  and  illiter- 
ate, and  infamous  aristocrats,  and  if  you  examine  it 
carefully,  you  will  find  that  it  is  false  and  unreasona- 
ble. We -will  say  positively  that  aristocracv  seldom 
tells  the  truth.  Why.f*  Because  they  are  in  favor  of 
principles  that  are  vile  and  flagitious,  and  to  make  a 
person  believe  what  is  wicked  and  wrong,  they  must 
lie  to  them.  Error  can  not  be  made  to  look  like  truth, 
but  by  falsehood  and  false  reasoning.  Truth  for  them 
will  not  do,  as  it  will  expose  their  corruption  and  chic- 
anery. But,  says  the  parasite,  the  premises  have  not 
been  proved.  We  say  they  have  been  proved.  Note 
the  pages  from  page  60  to  page  300,  and  then  you 
will  know;  but  the  aristocrat  pretends  to  know  all. 
We  say  he  knows  how  to  rob  and  steal  and  plunder  ;  he 
has  practiced  this  for  ages,  and  he  is  an  expert  at  it, 
and  that  is  about  the  extent  of  his  knowledge,  with  a 
few  exceptions.  He  knows  and  practices,  and  does 
get  the  wages  of  the  working  man  ;  lives  without  la- 
bor, and  many  of  them  he  pulls  the  wool  over  their 
eyes. 

The  aristocrat  would  like  to  have  you  think  as  he 
does,  and  take  his  advice  on  all  subjects  ;  do  as  he 
says,  vote  as  he  says,  deposit  your  money  with  him, 
and  all  of  it,  and  spend  no  money  unless  he  says  you 
may,  and  he  will  let  you  have  money  enough  to  keep 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        319 

soul  and  body  together,  and  no  more.  And  we  ask 
the  honest  and  intelligent  workingman  if  that  is  the 
way  they  have  always  done,  and  he  will  have  to  say 
yes,  and  they  are  worse  now  than  ever.  Take  Europe 
for  an  example  :  do  the  aristocrats  give  the  working- 
man  any  more  than  to  keep  body  and  soul  together  ? 
And  it  is  but  a  trifle  better  here.  They  now  have 
more  money  than  they  can  invest,  more  than  they 
know  what  to  do  with.  And  how  did  they  get  it.? 
Stole  it.  We  will  tell  you  after  awhile  just  how  they 
stole  it.  When  you  were  working  for  half  what  you 
should  have  had,  and  while  you  slept,  he  stole  your 
money,  and  you  did  not  know  it.  And  while  he  is 
having  so  much  that  he  does  not  know  what  to  do 
with  it,  thousands  and  thousands  of  those  he  stole  from 
are  begging  their  bread,  and  millions  of  women  and 
children  are  crying  for  the  necessaries  of  life.  Are 
you  in  favor  of  continuing  that  state  of  things  .f^  Are 
you  willing  to  help  him  steal  from  the  poor  and  needy, 
and  give  to  thieves  and  liars  and  aristocrats  and  rob- 
bers and  drones  ?  Maurice  was  Emperor,  and  the 
green  faction  of  the  hippodrome  was  in  favor  of  Pho- 
cas,  and  he  was  appointed  Emperor.  Maurice  abdi- 
cated, and  his  five  sons  were  murdered  before  his  eyes, 
and  then  the  Emperor  was  murdered  ;  and  yet  the  in- 
famous and  degraded  and  vile  thieves  will  say  that 
they  are  all  the  decency  and  truly  good  of  society. 
Great  liars  !  They  are  all  the  evil  and  wickedness,  and 
the  villainy  that  is  done  in  the  world  they  are  indirect- 
ly the  authors  of.  It  is  the  aristocracy  who  make  the 
poverty  in  the  world,  and  that  poverty  is  the  cause  of 
crime  and  misery  and  suffering  in  the  world.  Do  not 
be  impatient.  We  will  demonstrate  to  you  how  they 
do  the  infamous  work.  You  have  seen  how  they  have 
done  it  so  far.  They  kept  the  people  under  as  slaves ; 
the  people  had  nothing  to  say  ;  they  had  to  do  as  the 
aristocracy  said.  Now,  that  is  played  out.  The  peo- 
ple have  learned  the  way  the  thieves  made  and  kept 
them  poor.  Now  the  thieves  have  another  way  of 
keeping  the  people  down  and  poor. 


320  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Phocas  v.'as  now  emperor  ;  the  monster,  as  the  his- 
torian dehneates  him,  was  of  diminutive  and  deformed 
stature,   eyebrows  close   and  shaggy,   hair    red,    chin 
beardless,  cheeks  deformed  by  a  scar,  ignorant  of  let- 
ters and  law  and  of  army  tactics,  indulged  in  lust  and 
drunkenness ;  he  was  a  disgrace  to  himself  and  an  injury 
to  the  people ;  his  passions  were  like  those  of  a  savage 
brute.     What  a  cheek  aristocracy  has,  to  boast  of  their 
capacity  to  govern  people.     Notice  this;   Phocas,  who 
was    ignorant    of    letters,   could     not    read   or   write. 
Could  such    a   brute  attain  to   an  important  office  at 
this  day.?    We  say  that  he  could  not ;  and  notice  how 
he  gained  the  office  of  emperor,  by  murder ;  but  such 
always  has  been  aristocracy,  and  always  will  be  until 
they  are  numbered  with  the  saurians  and  mammoths, 
extinct.     The  widow  of  Maurice  was  tortured  like  the 
vilest  malefactor,  to  force  a  confession  of  her  designs 
and  associates;  and  the  empress  and  her  three  innocent 
daughters  were  beheaded  at  Chalcedon,  on  the  same 
ground  which  had  been  stained  with  the  blood  of  her 
husband  and  five  sons.     Many  more  were  butchered 
without    trial,    tortured    cruelly,  their    eyes    put    out, 
their  tongues  torn  from  the  root,  their  hands  and  feet 
cut  off;  some  whipped  to  death,  others  burnt  at  the 
stake,   others  transfixed   with  arrows.     These  are  the 
inhuman  works  of  the  boasted  infernal  aristocracy,  that 
has  been  the  cause  of  nearly  all  the  misery,  and  wretch- 
edness, and  woe  in  the  world.    And  do  you  think  they 
should  rule  the  people  any  longer?     He  is  a  knave,  or 
a  fool,  or  both,  who  is  in  favor  of  their  ruling  the  peo- 
ple ;  he  has  no  feeling,  no  sympathy,  no  human  feelings 
for  his  race ;  he  is  a  brute,  a  reptile  in  the  form  of  a 
man,  without  having  his  mental  faculties  developed. 
No  wonder  the  fool  aristocrat  says  that  the  people  are 
going  back  to  barbarism.     What  does  he  know  about 
progress  in  morals.?     He  was  not  at  home  when  the 
moral  teacher  traveled  through  the  country  ;  he  does 
not  know  as  much  about  morals  as  a  dog,  that  iS;  prac- 
tically ;  he  is  a  stranger  to  that  action,  never  made  an 
essay  in  that  direction  ;  nature  has  not  tried  evolution 


IMMORALITY    AND    INFAMY    OF    ARISTOCRACY.        32  I 

on  him  ;  no  wonder  that  he  opposes  evolution,   he  is 
an  utter  stranger  to  it. 

Phocas  reigned  but  a  short  time.  The  people  soon 
found  out  that  he  was  a  monster  and  a  tyrant,  and 
Heraclius  was  appointed  in  his  place.  Phocas  was  a 
coward  and  made  no  resistance  ;  and  he  could  not 
have  done  much,  the  people  were  against  him.  He 
was  taken,  by  an  enemy,  out  of  the  palace,  who  strip- 
ped him  of  his  diadem  and  purple,  clothed  him  in  a 
vile  habit,  and  loaded  him  with  chains.  He  was  taken 
in  a  small  boat  to  Heraclius,  who  reproached  him 
with  the  crimes  of  his  reign.  "  Will  thou  govern  bet- 
ter ?  "  were  the  last  words,  after  suffering  many  in- 
sults and  torture.  His  head  was  taken  off  and  the  bo- 
dy cast  into  the  flames.  Such  is  the  work  of  a  barba- 
ous  aristocracy.  Narses,  who  saved  the  empire  for 
some  time,  was  burnt  alive,  and  the  Persian  king  took 
many  cities  and  destroyed  them.  So  the  infamous 
aristocracy  was  going  to  decline  at  accelerated  veloci- 
ty. The  Persians  also  sacked  the  capital  of  Cappado- 
cia.  The  Jews  and  Arabs,  who  swelled  the  disorder 
of  the  Persian  camp  and  march,  massacred  ninety 
thousand  Christians.  Jerusalem  was  taken  by  assault 
and  the  churches  pillaged.  Such  is  the  vicious  work 
of  an  infamous  aristocracy.  The  Persian  king  was 
named  Chosroes.  Some  of  the  robbers  and  thieves  of 
this  country  may  take  the  railroad  thieves  and  com- 
pare them  with  the  Persian  king  in  wealth,  and  see 
how  it  stands.  But  on  the  start,  bear  in  mind  that 
the  Persian  king  robbed  his  enemies,  the  people  of 
another  country.  He  had  960  elephants  for  the  use 
of  splendor  ;  his  tents  and  baggage  were  carried  by 
12,000  great  camels  and  8,000  smaller  ones  ;  and  the 
royal  stables  were  filled  with  6,000  mules  and  horses  ; 
6,000  guards  mounted  before  the  palace  gate.  The 
interior  apartments  were  served  by  12,000  slaves,  and 
the  number  of  3,000  virgins,  the  fairest  of  Asia.  The 
various  treasures  of  gold,  silver,  gems,  silks,  and  aro- 
matics  were  deposited  in  a  hundred  subterranean 
vaults.    Thirty  thousand  rich  hangings  which  adorned 


322  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

the  walls,  forty  thousand  columns  of  silver  and  marble 
supported  the  roof;  a  thousand  globes  of  gold,  that 
were  suspended  in  the  dome  to  imitate  the  motions  of 
the  planets,  and  the  constellations  of  the  zodiac. 
Such  is  the  schedule  of  some  of  the  articles  of  the  Per- 
sian king,  which  Jie  stole  from  his  enemies.  But  the 
railroad  thieves  steal  from  the  people — their  friends 
and  neighbors  and  relatives  and  countrymen.  The 
Persian  king  had  the  most,  but  who  is  the  greatest  vil- 
lain.r* 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Before  we  begin  the  history  of  the  United  States, 
we  will  have  a  few  remarks  to  make  prior  to  that 
time.  This  continent  of  North  and  South  America 
was  inhabited  when  Columbus  discovered  it,  was  in- 
habited by  Indians.  Many  of  them  have  been  killed 
in  wars  with  each  other  and  with  the  Europeans. 
They  came  on  this  continent  from  Russia  across  Beh- 
ring  Straits,  and  migrated  south  until  they  came  to 
Patagonia.  The  colonies  that  formed  the  United 
States  were  planted  here  by  England,  mostly.  The 
mainland  is  about  10,500  miles  long  north  and  south, 
and  about  3,250  miles  wide  at  Peru,  and  3,100  in  Ore- 
gon, to  the  Atlantic.  The  whole  contains  14,950,000 
square  miles — that  is,  North  and  South  America. 
North  America  contains  7,400,000  square  miles.  The 
United  States  contains  nearly  half  of  the  North 
American  continent,  3,306,865  square  miles,  and  Alas- 
ka, 394,000;  in  all  3,/Oo,865  square  miles.  Alaska  is 
the  northwestern  part  of  the  continent,  which  at  pres- 
ent is  paying  interest  on  the  cost  of  seal-fishing,  which 
is  rented  to  a  company,  who,  no  doubt,  are  making  an 
immense  fortune  out  of  it.  We  shall  notice  this  grab 
at  some  future  time.  The  country  of  Alaska  will,  we 
think,  be  utilized  in  some  future  period,  and  will  be 
of  considerable  benefit  to  the   United  States  (if  it  is 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  323 

cold).     Mexico  contains  eight  millions  of  inhabitants, 
and  over  one  million  square  miles.      It  is  a  fine  coun- 
try, but  the  population  make   miserable   work  of  gov- 
erning it.    They  are  a  mixture  of  Spanish  and  Indians, 
and  very  few  if  any  nations  are  so  mixed  as  they  are. 
This  is  another  example  of  the  people  fighting  among 
themselves,  and  making  perfect  ignora77t2ises  and  bar- 
barians of  all  concerned.     There  is  no  finer  country  in 
the  world  of  that  extent,    and  yet    it  is  of  but  little 
weight  in  science,  arts  and    manufactures,  compared 
with  the  enlightened  nations  of  the  world.     They  are 
much  like  the   Indians.     The   Indians  fight    because 
they  are  naturally  inclined  to  do  so,  but  do  their  fight- 
ing generally  with  other  tribes;   while   the   Mexicans 
fight  among  themselves  for  the  possession  of  the  gov- 
ernment.     They  will  learn  better  after  a  while,   and 
find  it  a  bad  business  ;  but  they  have  to  have  time  to 
get   enlightened  ;  they  are  only  half-civilized  as   yet. 
But  progress  will  make  its  mark  on  theniaftera  while. 
The  New  England  States  were  first  settled  by  the 
Puritans,  and  to  the  present  day  still  retain   many  of 
the  strongest  peculiarities  of    their  forefathers.     The 
Irish  are  working    a    considerable    change   in    some 
places,  mostly  in  the  cities.     New  York  was  settled  by 
immigrants  from  Holland;  they  are  mixed  with  other 
people,  especially  in  the  eastern  part.     Maryland  was 
settled  by  the  Catholics.     Delaware  and  New  Jersey 
were  settled  by  the  Swedes.     Pennsylvania  was  settled 
by  Quakers,  who   were  followed    by  many   Germans. 
They  still  control  the  State.     Virginia  was  settled  by 
the  English,  followed  by  French  Huguenots  and  Ger- 
mans. These  settled  in  three  distinct  parts  of  the  State. 
The  English  settled  along  the  Chesapeake  bay  and  its 
tributaries;  the  French  along  the  upper  James  above 
the  falls,  and  the    Germans  in    the    rich  valley  of  the 
river  Shenandoah.     These  distinctions  were  preserved 
as  late  as  the  rebellion.     North  Carolina  was  settled 
by  non-conformists  from    Virginia.     South    Carolina 
by  English  churchmen   and  French  Huguenots,  who 
had  not  lost    the  State    at    the    time  of  the  rebellion. 


324  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

Georgia  b}'^  English  prisoners  for  debt,  followed  by 
other  classes  from  the  mother  country.  Louisiana  was 
settled  by  the  French.  Texas  and  California  were  set- 
tled by  the  Spanish.  The  other  States  were  settled  by 
people  from  other  countries  who  immigrated.  All  the 
immigrants  in  fifty-one  years,  from  1820  to  1870, 
amount  to  7,448925  persons,  which  has  made  a 
great  difference  in  the  population  of  the  United  States. 
As  different  nations  were  colonizing  the  new  country, 
it  is  natural  to  suppose  that  trouble  would  result  soon- 
er or  later.  The  Spanish  and  French  had  some  con- 
tention in  Florida,  which  ended  with  a  small  colony 
being  massacred.  But  the  French  and  English  had 
trouble.  The  French  had  settled  Canada,  and  the  En- 
glish were  settling  United  States.  The  French  built 
a  fort  on  the  Ohio  river,  which  ended  in  war,  and  after 
many  years  and  many  men  and  Indians  being  killed, 
the  English  by  treaty  took  possession  of  Canada.  The 
greatest  battle  was  at  Quebec,  in  which  the  French 
were  defeated,  and  the  strong  city  of  Quebec  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  English.  Peace  was  signed  at  Paris, 
I  763.  The  English  then  had  possession  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada.  The  French  Indians  did  not  like 
the  English,  and  one  of  their  chiefs,  Pontiac,  did 
much  damage.  He  persuaded  the  different  Indians  to 
join  him  in  the  attempt  to  drive  out  the  English  ;  he 
was  partially  successful.  The  first  blow  was  struck  in 
June,  1763.  In  two  weeks  the  Indians  captured  all 
the  forts  west  of  Oswego,  except  Niagara,  Detroit  and 
Pittsburg,  and  massacred  the  garrisons.  Detroit  was 
saved  by  a  squaw  notifying  an  officer  that  at  a  certain 
day  the  Indians  intended  to  take  Detroit,  so  the  Amer- 
icans took  necessary  measures  of  meeting  the  Indians. 
No  English  settler  of  either  sex  or  age  was  spared. 
Detroit  was  besieged  six  weeks,  and  was  relieved,  and 
the  Indians  were  sorely  pressed,  so  they  were  com- 
pelled to  sue  for  peace.  Pontiac  did  not  yield  to  the 
conquerors;  he  continued  to  incite  the  western  tribes 
against  the  settlers,  until  he  was  murdered  in  1769. 
Our  history  will  be  very  brief;  we  only  intend  to 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  325 

introduce  the  American  to  the  notice  of  our  readers, 
and  let  the  reader  have  an  indefinite  knowledge  of  the 
former  history  of  the  men  we  wish  to  write  about. 
We  soon  shall  introduce  a  new  enemy  to  your  notice ; 
that  enemy  is  no  other  than  the  mother  country.  They 
wished  to  enslave  the  people  of  this  country,  as  the 
infamous  aristocracy  has  enslaved  every  nation  they 
could.  So  England  commenced  a  system  to  tax  the 
people  of  this  country  without  their  consent;  that  is 
taxation  without  representation.  But  the  people  would 
not  bear  such  an  imposition,  and  they  opposed  it  in 
its  incipiency.  They  then  had  a  proper  idea  of  their 
rights,  and  men  who  have  a  just  conception  of  their 
rights  will  not  be  enslaved.  It  is  better  to  die  a  free 
man  than  to  live  a  slave,  and  it  appears  they  thought 
so.  But  we  shall  briefly  follow  this  Asmodeus  imposi- 
tion to  its  sequel,  the  home  government.  It  appears 
true  to  its  robbing  and  stealing  aristocratic  nature,  in- 
tended to  take  all  the  money  from  this  country  they 
could  filch  and  steal,  and  if  the  people  had  been  fools 
and  cowards,  and  not  stood  up  to  their  rights,  they 
would  now  be  serfs  and  slaves.  He  who  will  not  stand 
up  for  his  rights  will  be  a  slave.  We  can  see  how  the 
first  settlers  toiled  and  suffered,  and  how  England  un- 
dertook to  take  their  earnings,  as  aristocracy  does  in 
every  country.  We  must  learn  to  hate,  abhor,  and  de- 
test aristocracy;  it  is  certain  if  we  do  not  look  out  tor 
them  we  will  be  poverty  stricken,  and  our  children  and 
children's  children  to  the  tenth  generation  will  have  to 
be  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water.  .  All  aristoc- 
racy is  good  for  is  to  lie,  steal,  and  plunder  the  people. 
That  is  all  they  have  ever  done,  and  they  must  be  laid 
up  to  become  extinct,  or  we  will  be  slaves  in  the  time 
to  come.     We  say.  Beware. 

The  first  law  parliament  enacted,  empowered  sheriffs 
and  custom  officers  to  enter  stores  and  private  dwellings, 
upon  the  authority  of  "writs  of  assistance,"  or  general 
search  warrants,  and  search  for  goods  which  it  was 
suspected  had  not  paid  duty.  The  first  attempt  to 
enforce  these  writs  was  made  in  Massachusetts,  where 


326  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

obedience  was  refused  by  the  indignant  people.  The 
persons  refusing  obedience  were  brought  to  trial. 
James  Otis,  the  eloquent  attorney  of  the  crown,  re- 
fused to  sustain  them,  the  writs,  resigned  his  office 
(he  was  of  the  true  steel),  and  in  the  trials  which  fol- 
lowed pleaded  the  cause  of  the  people  with  such  force 
that,  in  the  language  of  John  Adams,  "  Every  man 
of  the  immense  crowd  appeared  to  go  away  ready  to 
take  up  arms  against  the  writs  of  assistance."  The 
judges  decided  to  avoid  a  decision,  and  the  writs  were 
never  used,  though  the}^  were  granted  in  secret. 
These  were  men  fit  to  live,  and  we  believe  that  only 
\\\os>Q  determined  to  be  free  are  worthy  to  live.  Those 
willing  to  be  slaves  are  not  fit  to  emcumber  the  soil. 
It  is  better  to  die  a  free  man  than  to  live  a  slave.  'Tis 
worth  a  fortune  to  have  such  forefathers  as  those  of 
the  revolution.  And  it  is  the  richest  mental  feast  to 
contemplate  such  glorious  conduct.  The  true  son 
of  liberty  would  give  his  little  heritage  if  he  could  re- 
vive and  restore  the  spirits  of  our  ancestors  of  the  rev- 
olution ;  then  he  would  be  willing  to  say :  "  This  is 
the  last  t)f  earth."  But  we  are  grieved  to  say  that  we 
are  sadly  degenerated.  We  will  solve  the  question, 
and  give  the  solution  in  plain  and  simple  language. 
Workingman,  examine  for  yourself,  and  take  no  one 
for  your  file  leader.  Notice  how  your  forefathers  act- 
ed, how  they  gave  you  a  treasure  of  inestimable  value  ; 
and  look  the  matter  in  the  face,  and  compare  and  see 
if  you  have  preserved  it  in  its  primordial  and  pristine 
purity.  If  you  have  been  negligent  and  careless,  and 
not  done  your  duty,  retrace  your  steps,  and  do  your 
duty  to  yourself,  and  your  family,  and  to  your  poster- 
ity. And  be  sure  that  you  do  not  listen  to  aristo- 
cracy ;  they  will  lead  you  to  poverty,  and  misery  and 
want,  ignorance  and  slavery.  Such  is  the  condition 
of  the  people  who  have  obeyed  their  mandate.  And 
if  you  wish  to  be  free,  and  happy,  and  prosperous,  do 
not  give  heed  to  those  miscreants.  You  see  they  have 
taken  the  property  of  the  people;  and  you  should  see 
that  you  have  your  rights.  Strike  for  them,  and  they 
are  yours. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  327 

The  predacians  received  a  powerful  check,  but  it 
did  not  satiate  their  appetite  for  filthy  lucre.     It  is 
hard  to  satisfy  the  parsimony  of  the  greedy  aristoc- 
racy.    They  had  to  make  another  trial.     It  was  next 
proposed  by  the   British  government  to  levy  a  direct 
tax  on  the  colonies,  and  at  the  same  time  to  deny  them 
any  voice  in  the  imposition  of  the  tax.     An  act  for 
this  purpose,  called  the  Stamp  Act,  was  passed  by  the 
Commons  on  the  2 2d  of  March,  1765,  by  a  majority  of 
nine-tenths  of  the  members,  and   on  the  ist  of  April 
by  the    House  of   Lords,  with   scarcely  a  dissenting 
voice.     The  King  at  once  signed  the  bill.      This  act 
required  that  every  written   or  printed  paper  used  in 
trade,  in  order  to  be  valid,  should   have  affixed  to  it  a 
stamp,  of  a  denomination   to  be  deteamined   by  the 
character  of  the  paper,  and   no  stamp  should  be  of  a 
less  sum  than  one  shilling.    The  colonies  had  earnestly 
protested  against  it  while  it  was   being  discussed  in 
Parliament.     But  the  only  notice  which  the  Govern- 
ment took  of  these  protests,  was  to  send  over  a  body 
of  troops,  for  the  purpose  of  enforcing  obedience  to 
the  Stamp  Act.     And  the  ministers  were  authorized 
by  Parliament  to  compel  the  colonies  to  find  quarters, 
fuel,  cider  or  rum,  candles,  and   other  necessaries  for 
these  troops.     No  person  can  fail  to  see  the  insult  and 
tyranny  in  the  last  clause  of  the  law.      It  is  all  infa- 
mous and  outrageous  robbery ;  but  the  last  clause  is 
insulting  and  abusive,  and  no  parallel  to  it  can  be  found 
even  in  barbarian  times.     But  aristocracy  do  not  have 
any  sense;  all  they  kno\^■is  to  rob,  steal,  and  plunder, 
and  use  force  to  achieve  it,  if  the  people  have  the  spirit 
to  oppose.    They  are  fond  of  shedding  blood.  You  per- 
ceive they  sent  the  troops  forth.     Such  is  the  brutal 
character  of    aristocracy.      They  were    obdurate  and 
tenacious  as  bull  dogs.     They  could  not  see,  and  the 
fools  persisted  in  their  folly,  like  the  man  who  killed 
the  goose  that  laid  the  golden  egg.    They  had  a  splen- 
did bonanza,  but  lacked  the  sense  to  keep  it.     They 
had  a  splendid  country,  but  they  had  not  the  neces- 
sary talent  to  work  it  to  any  advantage.     They  were 


328  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

like  the  man  who  won  the  elephant.  They  knew  not 
an  iota  what  to  do  with  it.  But  such  is  the  character- 
istic of  aristocracy.  They  pass  a  law,  and  send  troops 
to  enforce  it.  That  is  aristocratic  all  over.  They 
knew  the  law  was  bad,  but  they  had  a  low  idea  of 
Brother  Jonathan.  They  concluded  they  could  force 
him  to  drink  the  dose.  But  he  would  not  take  it,  and 
the  fools  went  on  a  fool's  errand  to  make  him  take 
the  dose. 

The  determination  of  the  colonies  not  to  use  the 
stamps  was  general,  and  when  the  infamous  law  went 
into  operation  Nov.  i,  1765,  they  found  that  all  the 
officials  appointed  to  distribute  the  stamps  had  re- 
signed. The  bells  in  all  the  colonies  were  tolled,  and 
the  flags  lowered,  in  mourning  for  the  death  of  Liberty 
in  America.  The  merchants  pledged  themselves  to 
import  no  more  English  goods,  and  the  people  agreed 
to  use  no  more  articles  of  English  manufacture,  until 
the  law  was  repealed.  The  colonies  sent  a  memorial 
to  the  Parliament  and  the  King,  and  after  much  fooling 
the  fools  repealed  the  obnoxious  act.  Trade  from 
England  was  falling  off  fast,  but  the  English  fools  had 
not  yet  come  to  their  senses.  On  the  29th  of  June, 
1767,  the  King  signed  an  act  of  Parliament,  imposing 
duties  on  glass,  tea,  paper,  and  a  few  more  articles  im- 
ported into  the  colonies.  The  Americans  met  this 
new  aggression  by  the  revival  of  their  societies  for  dis- 
continuing the  importation  of  English  goods.  The 
custom  house  officers  were  mobbed  for  demanding  du- 
ties on  the  cargo  of  a  schooner  owned  by  John  Han- 
cock. In  September,  1 768,  the  government  ordered 
General  Gage  to  occupy  "  the  insolent  town  of  Boston." 
This  measure  made  matters  worse,  and  on  the  fifth  of 
March,  1770,  a  collision  occurred,  in  which  three  citi- 
zens were  killed  and  five  wounded.  The  soldiers  were 
arrested  and  tried;  only  two  were  found  guilty  (we  are 
not  able  to  say  if  they  were  j)unished).  The  Parlia- 
ment resolved  to  remove  the  (obnoxious  duties.  The 
King,  however,  expressly  ordered  that  one  duty  should  ■ 
remain,  and  three  per  cent,  on  tea  was  retained,  and 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  329 

all  the  rest  removed.  The  Americans  resisted  the  du- 
ty, on  the  ground  of  their  opposition  to  taxation  with- 
out representation  ;  and  they  resolved  to  discontinue 
the  use  of  tea,  until  the  duty  should  be  repealed.  The 
amount  of  the  tax  was  small  (three  per  cent).  Tea 
was  on  the  way  from  England  to  Boston  in  three  ships, 
and  the  owners  agreed  to  send  them  back  if  the  Gov- 
ernor would  allow  them  to  leave  the  port.  Governor 
Hutchinson  refused  to  allow  the  ships  to  'go  to  sea, 
and  on  the  night  of  the  eighteenth  of  December  a 
band  of  citizens,  disguised  as  Indians,  seized  the  vessels, 
and  emptied  the  tea  into  the  harbor,  and  then  left. 
This  bold  act  greatly  incensed  the  British  government. 
The  Parliament  adopted  severe  measures  to  punish 
the  colonies.  The  harbor  of  Boston  was  closed  to  bus- 
iness and  commerce,  and  the  government  of  the  colo- 
ny was  ordered  to  be  removed  to  Salem.  Soldiers 
were  to  be  quartered  in  all  the  colonies  at  the  expense 
of  the  citizens,  and  it  was  required  that  all  officers  who 
should  be  prosecuted  for  enforcing  these  measures 
should  be  sent  to  England  for  trial.  Salem  refused  to 
accept  the  transfer  of  the  seat  of  government,  and  Mar- 
blehead  requested  the  people  of  Boston  to  use  their 
port  free  of  charge.  Even  in  London,  ^30,000,  $150,- 
000,  were  subscribed  for  the  relief  of  Boston. 

The  leaders  of  the  colonists  now  plainly  saw  that 
hostilities  would  soon  occur,  and  took  steps  according- 
ly. Arms  and  small  stores  were  established  at  Wor- 
cester and  Concord  ;  and  General  Gage,  on  April  i8th, 
1775,  sent  a  detachment  of  troops  to  secure  them. 
It  was  intended  to  be  kept  secret,  but  the  Bostonians 
were  on  the  alert,  and  the  march  of  the  troops  was 
soon  discovered  ;  and  the  alarm  spread  throughout  the 
country.  The  people  took  up  arms,  and  when  the 
troops  reached  Lexington,  half  way  to  Concord,  on  the 
morning  of  the  19th,  Major  Pitcairn  found  his  progress 
opposed  by  a  considerable  body  of  country  people. 
He  ordered  his  soldiers  to  fire.  The  order  was  obeyed; 
eight  men  were  killed  and  several  wounded.  The 
troops  then  proceeded  to  Concord,  where  they  destroy- 


330  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

ed  some  stores  ;  but  on  reaching  the  north  bridge  over 
Concord  river,  they  met  what  they  deserved  from  the 
people.  The  troops  retreated  to  Boston.  They  did 
their  duty,  followed  them  in  double  quick  time  as  they 
should  do.  Those  were  men.  Aristocrats  have  no  such 
men.  And  they  proved  they  were.  Two  hundred  and 
seventy-three  minions  killed  and  wounded  on  their  re- 
treat. We  ask  the  working  men  to  be  of  such  stuff  as 
they  were.  They  would  not  tolerate  three  per  cent, 
tax  on  tea;  they  had  the  right  spirit ;  but  we  fear  that 
spirit  has  fled  ;  yes,  we  drop  a  tear;  that  spirit  has  de- 
parted. Will  it  come  again  ?  We  say  Yes  ;  but  not 
until  the  people  stop  the  robbers  and  thieves  stealing 
our  money,  and  giving  it  to  the  degraded  and  soulless 
aristocracy.  Have  patience,  the  proof  will  appear  in 
time,  and  all  honest  and  sensible  men  will  be  con- 
vinced ;  only  be  candid  and  examine.  We  will  prove 
what  we  say,  so  it  cannot  be  gainsaid.  Aristocracy 
has  always  stolen  and  robbed  the  people,  and  kept  them 
poor,  so  they  could  enslave  them  and  rob  them  the 
more  ;  you  will  see. 

This  battle  ended  the  dispute  between  the  colonies 
and  England,  and  inaugurated  the  Revolution.  The 
South  raised  armies,  and  all  prepared  for  war.  Ticon- 
deroga  and  Crown  Point  were  taken  by  the  colonies, 
commanded  by  Benedict  Arnold  and  Ethan  Allen ; 
and  in  May,  1775,  a  convention  was  held  at  Charlotte, 
in  Mecklenburg  County,  which  proclaimed  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  people  of  North  Carolina.  On  May 
20,  1775,  the  second  Congress  met  at  Philadelphia. 
The  best  men  of  the  colonies  were  there,  and  it  is  a 
pity  that  we  have  so  few  like  them  now.  No  talk  of 
independence  there  then !  A  petition  was  sent  to 
the  King,  stating  they  had  no  intention  of  separating 
from  Great  Britain  ;  but  fools  of  P^ngland  wanted  war, 
as  aristocracy  is  always  for  blood  and  plunder  and 
stealing.  Some  of  them  said  it  would  be  an  easy  mat- 
ter to  run  over  this  country.  Pitt  told  them  they 
could  not  conquer  America.  He  said  they  could  con- 
quer tlie  map   of   America.     Many   Britons   of  sense 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  33 1 

gave  good  advice,  but  they  had  a  weak  thing  at  the 
helm,  and  he  directed  the  ship  of  state  miserably,  and 
they  found  it  so  too  late,  as  fools  always  do.  But  it 
does  my  soul  good  to  think  of  the  sacred  individuals 
then,  and  oh,  it  depresses  my  spirits  to  think  of  the  con- 
trast now.  But  all  we  can  say  is.  Heaven  protect  us, 
and,  no  doubt,  better  times  will  soon  come.  The 
Americans  fortified  Breed's  Hill,  on  the  night  of  the 
16th  of  June.  The  reds  saw  it  in  the  morning,  and 
sent  a  force  of  3,000  regulars  to  take  it,  with  the  assist- 
ance of  the  ships  in  the  harbor.  The  Americans  had 
scarce  half  that  number,  and  raw  troops  at  that.  They 
repulsed  two  assaults,  and  put  out  of  the  fight  1,030 
in  killed  and  wounded,  and  losing  449  in  killed  and 
prisoners.  Warren  was  killed — a  valuable  general. 
But  the  British  burned  Charleston,  which  proved  their 
barbarity,  as  aristocracy  usually  do.  The  colonies  la- 
bored under  great  difficulties.  The  army  consisted  of 
4,000  half-starved  and  miserably  equipped  soldiers. 
It  has  been  said  the  army  could  be  tracked  by  the 
blood  of  their  feet,  their  shoes  being  worn  out.  Every 
thing  looked  very  gloomy  at  this  time,  but  the  tide 
turned  somewhat.  Washington  took  i.ooo  Hessians 
prisoners  at  Trenton,  which  raised  the  drooping  spirits 
of  the  Americans.  When  the  campaign  began  in  the 
spring  of  1777,  Washington  had  7,000  men  under  his 
command.  A  battle  was  fought  on  the  Brandywine,  in 
which  the  Americans  were  defeated  with  great  loss,  of 
1,000  men.  Next  Washington  attacked  the  British  at 
Germantown,  and  was  again  defeated  with  great  loss. 
Fortune  was  severe  on  the  Americans  at  this  time. 

In  the  north,  the  Americans  were  more  successful. 
General  Burgoyne,  with  seven  thousand  troops  and  a 
considerable  force  of  Canadians  and  Indians,  entered 
the  United  States  from  Canada  during  the  summer  of 
1777,  and  advanced  as  far  as  Fort  Edward,  on  the  up- 
per Hudson.  Burgoyne  was  surrounded  by  an  army 
of  more  than  twice  his  force,  and  after  fighting  two 
battles  was  compelled  to  surrender  his  whole  army  on 
favorable  terms,  on  the  17th  of  October,  1777.     Now 


332  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

the  Colonies  saw  light,  and  matters  appeared  hopeful. 
And,  heaven  bless  them,  they  rejected  the  terms  that 
the  British  offered  to  settle  the  war,  because  independ- 
ence was  not  one  of  the  British  terms.  Glorious  men. 
We  have  reason  to  be  proud  of  such  ancestors.  Wash- 
ington's army  went  into  winter  quarters  at  the  Valley 
Forge,  twenty  miles  from  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  about 
the  middle  of  December,  1777.  The  troops  suffered 
terribly  from  exposure,  hunger,  and  the  dreadful  priva- 
tions to  which  they  were  subjected;  but  they  stayed 
with  their  colors  to  the  last.  Their  devotion  was  re- 
warded in  the  spring  by  the  news  of  an  alliance  with 
France,  which  reached  them  in  May,  1778,  and  was 
greeted  with  demonstrations  of  the  sincerest  joy.  On 
June  28,  W^ashington  came  up  with  the  army  of  Gen. 
Clinton,  on  the  plains  of  Monmouth,  near  the  town  of 
Freehold,  New  Jersey,  where  a  severe  engagement 
took  place.  The  result  was  indecisive;  but  Clinton 
marched  to  New  York,  and  remained  there  the  rest  of 
the  summer,  without  any  effort  to  resume  hostilities. 
The  financial  affairs  were  in  great  confusion,  and  Rob- 
ert Morris  saved  the  country  from  ruin,  and  yet  he 
died  in  a  debtor's  prison.  In  1780  matters  looked 
gloomy  for  the  Colonies.  Clinton  was  convinced  that 
the  country  was  subjugated,  and  left  for  England,  leav- 
ing the  command  in  the  south  to  Lord  Cornwallis. 
•  On  the  loth  of  July,  1780,  a  French  fleet  and  6,000 
troops  reached  the  town  of  Newport,  Rhode  Island. 
About  this  time  Arnold  asfreed  with  the  British  to  de- 
liver  West  Point  into  the  hands  of  the  British.  Ma- 
jor Andre,  the  British  agent,  was  caught  and  hung  as 
a  spy. 

In  I  781,  on  January  17,  General  Morgan  defeated 
Colonel  Tarlton  at  Cowpens,  North  Carolina.  On  the 
15th  of  March,  the  battle  of  Guilford  Courthouse  was 
fought  in  North  Carolina,  the  British  having  the  ad- 
vantage. In  September,  1871,  the  British  were  de- 
feated at  Eutaw  Springs.  Cornwallis  advanced  into 
Virginia,  destroying  private  property.  Just  like  the  in- 
famous aristocracy  ;    they  will  destroy  the  property    of 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  333 

the  people  if  they  cannot  have  it  themselves.  It  had 
been  the  intention  of  Washington  to  attack  Clinton 
in  New  York ;  but  Cornwallis  entrenched  his  army  at 
Yorktown.  and  Washington  changed  his  mind  and 
went  for  Cornwallis.  The  French  fleet  cut  off  the  es- 
cape of  the  British  by  water,  and  the  Americans  in- 
vested the  army  by  land.  The  British  force  was  7000, 
the  American,  12,000.  On  the  19th  of  October  the  ar- 
istocratic British  surrendered  to  the  Americans  their 
7000  well  equipped  men.  This  victory  closed  the  war. 
The  British  aristocracy  had  enough  of  the  game  they 
began.  The  people  of  England,  mostly,  were  against 
the  war.  Pitt  was  right,  they  could  not  conquer  Ameri- 
ca. But  what  a  bitter  and  nauseous  pill  the  British 
fools  had  to  swallow,  when  they  were  compelled  to  sign 
the  treaty  of  peace,  acknowledging  the  independence 
of  the  United  States.  Aristocracy  always  have  been 
and  always  will  be  fools.  Working  men,  why  will  you 
let  the  silly  fools  rule,  can  you  give  a  reason  ?  We  can- 
not find  one  in  our  mental  structure.  Aristocracy  is 
the  bane  of  the  world,  the  destruction  of  civilization, 
the  annihilator  of  society's  welfare,  the  fiend  of  the  poor 
man,  the  robber  of  the  working  man's  wages.  Clear 
the  hives  of  the  drones.  The  knaves  and  fools  have  al- 
ways been,  and  will  always  be,  aristocrats.  But  the 
working  men  will  put  them  were  they  can  do  no  more 
mischief.  You  should  no  sooner  trust  an  aristocrat  to 
transact  3'our  official  business  than  you  would  trust  a 
famished  and  starved  wo//  with  your  diiiner.  The 
wolf  would  not  be  so  destructive  with  your  dinner  as 
the  aristocrat  would  be  with  your  property.  The  wolf 
might  take  all  of  your  dinner,  but  the  aristocrat  would 
be  sure  to  take  all  your  property.  This  is  no  fancy 
sketch,  can  you  see  ?  The  aristocracy  have  always 
robbed,  enslaved,  and  pauperized  the  people ;  this  can- 
not be  denied.  If  you  have  a  servant  that  has  stolen 
from  you  ninety-nine  times,  will  you  be  so  silly  as  to 
try  him  again  }  But  says  the  fool,  yes,  all  will  rob  and 
steal.  We  have  had  such  talk  given  to  us.  A  partizan 
will  say  anything  to  help  his  side;  but  in  his  own  case 
he  lied,  he  would  not  try  him  again. 


334  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

The  articles  of  confederation  did  not  appear  to  have 
strong  powers,  as  some  wanted  in  the  government.  So 
a  new  constitution  was  adopted,  and  went  into  opera- 
tion on  the  4th  of  March,  1 789.  The  city  of  New  York 
was  chosen  as  a  seat  of  government.  Washington  was 
chosen  president,  and  John  Adams  vice  president. 
The  debts  of  the  confederate  government  and  the 
debts  of  the  States  were  all  assumed  by  the  States.  A 
bank  of  the  United  States  went  into  operation  Febru- 
ary, I  794.  Hamilton  was  for  the  bank  ;  it  was  mod- 
eled after  the  bank  of  England.  He  was  for  a  king, 
and  British  constitution  and  measures;  he  was  the 
chief  of  the  Federal  party,  and  is  eulogized  by  the  aris- 
tocrats today  of  this  country.  Garfield  eulogized  him. 
Jefferson  was  opposed  to  the  United  States  Bank. 
Washington  took  their  opinions  in  writing,  and  adopt- 
ed the  opinion  of  Hamilton,  who  said  the  British  con- 
stitution was  the  best  in  the  world  with  all  its  corrup- 
tion, and  said  without  its  corruption  it  would  be  im- 
practicable. He  was  a  corrupt  politician.  John  Ad- 
ams, the  vice  president,  also  was  a  monarchist.  He 
said  that  the  poor  were  destined  to  labor,  but  the  rich, 
by  their  advantages  of  leisure  and  education,  were  fit- 
ted for  higher  stations.  He  and  Hamilton  were  for 
having  the  president  and  senate  chosen  for  life ;  this 
was  their  opinion  when  the  new  constitution  was 
framed.  Washington  was  supposed  to  side  with  the 
Federalists.  They  wanted  to  have  him  accept  the  of- 
fice of  king,  and  he  would  not.  They  were  opposed  to 
the  new  constitution  generally,  but  took  to  it,  as  it 
was  the  best  they  could  get.  The  repubhcans,  or 
some  of  them,  did  not  like  it,  as  they  thought  it  gave 
the  government  too  much  power;  and  the  Federalists 
did  not  like  it.  because  it  did  not  give  enough  power 
to  the  government;  but  they  compromised  it.  The 
people  were  republican  ;  they  were  strenuous  in  main- 
taining their  rights  ;  we  can  see  that,  by  their  going  to 
war  on  account  (;f  three  pev  cent,  tax  on  tea.  They 
would  not  stand  their  rights  trampled  upon.  If  we 
only  had  such  people  now,  but  we  have  not.     Fisher 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  335 

Ames,  one  of  the  leading  P'^ederalists,  said  there  would 
never  be  good  times  here  until  a  laborer  had  to  work 
for  a  sheep's  head  and  pluck  a  day,  and  lie  under  a 
cart  at  night.     Such  is  Federalism. 

Washington  and  Adams  were  re-elected  in  1792.  At 
this  time  the  United  States  was  at  variance  with  the 
French  nation,  which  was  settled  soon  after  without 
any  serious  trouble.  The  third  presidential  election 
occurred  in  1796,  and  was  marked  by  a  display  of  bit- 
terness between  the  opposing  parties  never  surpassed 
in  the  subsequent  history  of  the  republic.  The  Fed- 
eralists presented  John  Adams,  and  the  Republicans 
Thomas  Jefferson.  Adams  received  the  highest  num- 
ber of  votes,  and  Jefferson  the  next.  So  Adams  was 
duly  elected  president,  and  Jefferson  vice  president. 
Adams  was  opposed  with  bitterness  during  his  whole 
term.  In  May,  1797,  an  extra  session  was  called. 
Three  commissioners  were  sent  to  France,  but  noth- 
ing was  done.  The  directory  was  mean.  They  or- 
dered the  two  Federalists  to  quit  the  country,  and 
the  Republican  they  informed  that  he  could  remain 
in  France.  The  United  States  prepared  for  war,  and 
that  was  the  last  of  it.  Bonaparte  became  first  con- 
sul, and  the  difHculty  was  settled  September  30th, 
1800.  Two  laws  were  passed  that  sent  the  Federal- 
ists to  the  rear.  It  broke  them  up.  It  can  be  plainly 
seen  that  the  Federalists  were  an  aristocratic  party. 
They  wanted  the  President  for  life  and  the  Senate 
the  same.  Now  they  were  laying  plans  to  keep  the 
wily  aristocrats  in  power  indefinitely.  They  passed 
two  laws ;  the  first  was,  if  the  president  suspected  any 
alien  of  any  conspiracy  or  serious  0])position  against 
the  government,  he  could  order  him  transported.  The 
treacherous  aristocrats'  plan  was  to  make  all  the 
aliens  Federals.  If  they  would  not  be  so,  they  would 
transport  them.  They  would  have  to  be  Federalists 
or  leave  the  country.  If  they  could  have  made  that 
to  work,  the  people  might  have  said,  "  Good-bye,  lib- 
erty." So  the  infamous  Federalists  had  laid  their 
plans  at  the  beginning  of  the  government,  to  crush  it 


336  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

in  the  bud.  Aristocracy  hates  republicanism.  They 
detest  it,  and  they  abhor  it,  and  they  fear  it.  All  this 
came  from  the  fear.  They  know  that  they  are  robbing 
and  cheating  the  people,  and  they  have  reason  to  fear 
that  the  honest  yeomanry  of  the  country  will  bring 
them  to  Justice,  and  balance  accounts  with  the  miscre- 
ants. They  feel  as  guilty  as  a  sheep-thief  caught  in 
the  act,  and  that  is  the  reason  that  they  want  nothing 
but  a  very  restricted  suffrage,  president  and  senate 
for  life.  If  a  robber  has  robbed  you,  and  he  knows 
that  you  have  arms,  do  you  think  he  will  neglect  to 
get  theni  ?      If  he  can,  he  will  disarm  you. 


CHAPTER  XX. 

HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

The  next  law  the  clovenfoot  aristocracy  passed  was 
called  the  sedition  law  ;  it  made  it  an  offense  punish- 
able with  fine  and  imprisonment,  for  any  person  to 
criticise  the  government,  or  principal  officers;  this 
with  the  alien  law  was  sufficient  to  maintain  the  Fed- 
eralists always  in  power.  They  were  for  monarchy,  but 
seeing  that  could  not  be  obtained,  they  endeavored  in 
the  convention  that  framed  the  constitution  to  have 
the  president  and  senate  chosen  for  life  ;  they  again 
were  defeated.  Now,  let  us  examine  the  situation. 
United  States  had  a  strong  party  who  were  in  favor 
of  forming  a  government  like  England.  Hamilton^ 
the  monarchist,  said  the  English  constitution,  with 
all  its  corruptions,  was  the  best  in  the  world,  and  he 
thought  nothing  short  of  it  would  do  in  this  country. 
But  there  was  a  new  departure  ;  the  majority  of  the 
people  were  for  a  liberal  government ;  they  would 
have  no  king  or  aristocracy  in  the  constitution.  He 
noticed  there  were  many  that  wanted  things  to  go 
along  as  they  always  had  done  —  aristocracy  and  slav- 
ery. They  gave  the  beast  aristocracy  a  new  name ; 
they  called  the  old  infernal  fiend  Federalism.     So  you 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  337 

must  bear  in  mind  that  aristocracy  of  that  day  was 
called  Federalism.  There  was  at  that  time  no  repub- 
lican form  of  government,  and  republicanism  was  a 
new  thing,  and  it  was  natural  that  the  drones  should 
decide  for  aristocracy,  which  was  the  only  kind  of 
government  in  the  world.  Democracy  was  unknown  ; 
it  was  called  an  experiment,  and  the  aristocrats  could 
think  of  no  other  government;  they  knew  of  no  other 
government.  So  then,  no  man  can  think  it  untrue, 
when  we  say  Federalism  was  aristocracy.  Aristocracy 
hates  its  class;  they  always  have  enslaved  their  equals, 
their  fathers,  and  brothers,  and  relatives ;  they  could 
not  think  of  a  reform.  All  they  could  do  was  to  run 
in  the  old  track,  and  keep  doing  as  their  forefathers 
had  done.  So  we  cannot  see  how  any  honest,  sensible, 
and  truthful  man  can  deny  that  the  Federalists  were 
aristocrats.  They  will  not  reform  ;  their  posterity  will 
reform.  But  governments  reform  very  slowly.  See 
the  British  government;  there  has  been  but  little  im- 
provement for  a  thousand  years.  It  has  been  aristo- 
cratic all  that  time.  Take  the  other  governments  of 
Europe,  the  same  now  as  many  years  ago.  Think  of 
this. 

Taking  France  at  a  favorable  opportunity,  they  es- 
tablished a  republic ;  all  the  rest  aristocratic.  We  say 
government,  like  morals,  progresses  slowly  ;  parties 
take  hundreds  of  years  to  alter  a  little.  This  govern- 
ment has  improved  more  than  the  aristocratic  govern- 
ments have,  and  for  the  last  twenty-five  years  we  have 
receded  more  than  one  hundred  years.  There  is  a 
fixation,  a  steadiness  in  aristocracy  ;  it  is  conservative  ; 
it  is  like  the  law  of  the  Medes  and  Persians,  which  al- 
ters not  ;  it  is  a  bad  thing,  and  it  remains  bad.  So 
then,  we  may  conclude  that  federalism  is  in  our  soci- 
ety today,  as  aristocracy  is  today  seeking  power  in 
France,  and  aristocracy  intends  to  subjugate  this  gov- 
ernment. It  cannot  be  done.  As  it  is  now,  the  robbing 
and  thieving  and  lying  and  swindling  will  succeed  in 
breaking  up  the  government,  or  the  people  will  put  a 
stop  to  their  infamous  villainy.     It   has  culminated. 


0,^S  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

and  we  think  that  the  infernals  are  on  the  wane,  and 
the  people  will  vindicate  their  rights.  One  of  the  first 
measures  the  aristocratic  Federals  done  was  to  pass  a 
law  chartering  a  United  States  Bank,  after  the  model 
of  the  Bank  of  England.  They  desired  to  follow  in 
the  footsteps  of  their  model,  England,  and  they  are  so 
yet.  They  have  established  banks  now  after  the  mod- 
el of  the  Bank  of  England,  and  they  are  a  swindling 
concern,  made  to  make  the  rich  richer  and  the  poor 
poorer.  We  will  explain  in  time.  Be  on  your  guard, 
and  try  to  find  the  truth  ;  there  is  nothing  like  it  in 
all  art  and  science  ;  it  never  deceives.  Wisdom  and 
knowledge  are  hers,  and  if  you  seek  you  shall  find. 
The  great  question  to  solve,  which  has  never  yet  been 
solved  is.  Why  does  civilization  progress  a  certain  time, 
and  then  recede  ?  We  will  solve  that  problem  to  the 
satisfaction  of  every  honest  and  sensible  man.  It  is 
because  the  people  allow  aristocracy  to  rob  and  steal, 
and  get  all  the  property,  and  because  in  the  beginning 
the  workingman  takes  some  knave  for  his  guide,  and 
he  guides  him  to  destruction,  to  his  own  ruin.  O  fool, 
to  think  that  a  nian  will  lead  you  for  your  interest ! 
He  leads  others  for  his  interest.  So  let  no  man  lead 
you.  Lead  yourself,  and  take  your  own  advice.  Be 
careful  of  the  aristocracy:  they  will  lie  and  cheat,  and 
swindle  and  ruin  you.  It  is  aristocracy  that  has  en- 
slaved the  people.  It  is  aristocracy  that  has  made 
nearly  all  the  misery  in  the  world,  and  we  will  tell  you 
how  to  put  a  stop  to  their  depredations.  They  will 
steal  of  you  till  you  are  nude.  That  is  their  business 
to  rob  and  steal.  You  may  think  that  is  harsh,  but  we 
say  it  is  true,  and  we  will  prove  it. 

In  the  fourth  contest,  Jefferson  was  chosen  Presi- 
dent and  Burr  was  chosen  Vice  President.  They  had 
an  equal  number  of  electoral  votes,  so  the  election 
was  thrown  into  the  House,  where  it  again  was  a  tie; 
and  after  thirty-five  ballotings,  and  during  great  excite- 
ment, Jefferson  was  chosen  President.  The  Consti- 
tution then  was  altered  as  it  now  is.  Jefferson  en 
tered  on  his  office.     In  March,  1801,  Jefferson  remov- 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  339 

ed  some  Federal  officers.  He  justified  his  course  by 
saying  that  no  party  should  have  all  the  offices,  or 
even  a  majority  of  them.  You  see,  by  that  the  aris- 
tocracy claimed  to  have  all  the  offices,  when  the  Re- 
pubHcans  had  the  president.  We  will  call  the  Feder- 
als, at  times,  aristocrats,  as  we  have  proved  as  strong 
as  can  be  proved  that  they  were  aristocrats  of  the 
deepest  dye.  If  the  reader  does  not  think  so,  let  him 
turn  back  several  pages,  and  read  again,  carefully. 
And  no  man  should  deny  the  history  we  have  given, 
as  they  are  positive  facts,  as  all  honest  and  well  read 
men  know.  But  we  suppose  many  facts  will  be  dis- 
puted by  the  aristocrats  of  today,  as  they  will  say  any- 
thing, without  shame  or  scruples ;  and  if  any  one 
finds  much  fault  with  the  history  in  this  book,  you 
may  know  that  he  is  an  aristocrat,  and  treat  hitn  as 
you  have  been  advised  to  do.  This  history  is  taken 
from  the  best  and  most  authentic  sources,  and  the 
highest  authorities.  And  we  intend  to  give  the  truth 
as  near  as  history  can  state  it ;  and  we  do  not  care 
who  likes  it,  we  do  not  write  to  please  any  person  or 
party.  We  write  for  the  good  of  the  human  family, 
and  it  is  for  their  good  that  aristocracy  becomes  ex- 
tinct, and  as  it  is  that  thieves  and  robbers. should  be 
punished.  Aristocracy  is  robbing,  stealing,  lying, 
cheating,  swindling  in  politics.  Every  person  of  sense 
and  honor  knows  that,  and  we  claim  that  it  is  just  as 
bad  to  steal  in  politics  as  in  business,  or  trade,  or  any- 
thing else.  It  will  not  do.  Say  as  I  have  heard  the 
drones  say  :  "  Aristocracy  have  always  ruled,  and  they 
always  will."  And  those  who  say  so  desire  that  they 
steal  from  now  onward,  as  they  have  before.  We  say 
it  is  just  as  reasonable  to  say  Thieves  have  always 
stolen  and  always  will  steal,  and  we  may  as  well  let 
them  steal.  And  we  have  heard  some  smarties  say ; 
"  What  are  you  going  to  do  about  it?"  We  will  en- 
deavor, to  the  best  of  our  ability  and  knowledge  try 
to  half  put  a  stop  to  it,  and  say  every  one  should  do 
so. 

Jefferson  was  elected  the  second  term  in  1804,  and 


340  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

George  Clinton  vice  president.  Great  Britain  was  do- 
ing much  evil  at  this  time  to  the  shipping;  ships  were 
seized  and  searched  under  some  pretext.  She  asserted 
the  right  to  impress  Americans  as  seamen  into  her 
nav3%  and  to  stop  and  search  American  ships  for  de- 
serters from  her  ships.  Hundreds  of  American  sailors 
were  forced  into  the  British  service,  and  these  outrages 
were  enforced  by  cannon.  In  one  case,  twenty-one 
Americans  were  killed,  and  then  four  forced  into  the 
British  service  from  the  ship  Chesapeake.  Mr.  Jeffer- 
son recommended  to  Congress  to  lay  an  embargo 
to  detain  all  vessels  in  the  ports  of  the  United  States, 
which  proved  to  be  an  unpopular  law,  and  was  repealed 
in  1809.  Mr.  Jefferson  declined  to  be  a  candidate  for 
the  third  term.  Mr.  Madison  was  supported  for  pres- 
ident, and  George  Clinton  of  New  York  for  vice  pres- 
ident. They  were  elected  in  1808,  and  took  their  seats 
in  March,  in  1809.  England,  strange  as  it  may  appear, 
continued  to  harass  the  American  shipping,  and  the 
patience  of  the  United  States  being  exhausted,  she 
declared  war  against  England  on  the  3d  of  June,  181 2. 
Neither  party  was  prepared  for  war.  England  had  her 
hands  employed  with  France,  and  the  embargo  had 
decreased  the  little  navy  the  United  States  had,  was 
now  dwindled  down  to  fifteen  small  vessels.  The  army 
was  increased,  the  call  for  soldiers  was  answered  but 
slowly.  Before  the  war  was  declared  by  United  States, 
the  British  had  instigated  the  Indians  in  the  northwest 
under  Tecumseh.  The  Indians  then  could  raise  quite 
an  army;  they  were  defeated  by  General  Harrison  at 
Tippecanoe,  November  7,  181 1.  But  the  Indian  was 
not  conquered ;  he  passed  six  months,  and  gathered 
considerable  of  troops,  and  recommenced  hostilities. 
The  battles  on  land  were  not  encouraging  to  the 
Americans,  but  on  water  were  more  favorable.  Sever- 
al IVitish  ships  were  taken,  the  Guerrierre,  the  Wasp, 
captain  to  the  British  ship  r'rolic,  and  by  the  close  of 
the  year  the  Americans  had  taken  over  three  hundred 
merchant  vessels.  Aristocracy  must  be  at  war  most 
of  the  time.     In  I^urope  most  of  the  nations  were  en- 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  34! 

gaged  in  war,  and  England  forced  the  United  States 
to  take  a  hand  in  the  calamitous  game.  Workingmen, 
it  is  for  you  to  put  a  stop  to  this  game.  The  aristo- 
crats start  the  war;  it  is  nothing  to  them  but  fun  ;  the 
workingmen  have  to  do  the  fighting,  and  in  the  end 
pay  the  bill.  This  is. one  of  the  disasters,  that  the  in- 
fernal aristocrats  produce  debts,  and  so  enslave  the 
working  man.  The  cheating  aristocrats  make, great 
fortunes  out  of  the  contracts  for  supplies,  and  the  com- 
mon people  have  to  pay  them  interest  on  double  the 
actual  expense  of  the  war,  which  makes  the  people 
poorer  and  the  aristocrats  richer.  So  war  enriches  the 
drones,  and  makes  the  poor  poorer,  and  enslaves  them. 
And  there  is,  occasionally,  an  opportunity  for  the  di- 
abolical villains  to  steal  enormous  sums,  sometimes 
gold  spoons;  but  they  will  take  silver  ones  when  they 
can,  and  sometimes  bales  of  cotton,  or  any  goods, 
wares  and  merchandise.  So  we  say  to  you,  if  you 
can  tell  on  which  side  your  interests  lay,  you  will 
decide  for  peace  always.  The  drones  always  are  for 
war;  it  gives  great  advantages  for  plunder,  and  where 
there  is  a  chance  for  that,  there  you  will  find  the  aris- 
tocrat. He  must  lie,  rob,  and  steal,  because  he  does 
not  work.  October  6th,  1813,  General  Harrison  de- 
feated General  Proctor,  and  took  six  hundred  prison- 
ers, six  cannon,  and  a  large  quantity  of  stores ;  and 
previous  to  that,  on  September  loth.  Commodore 
Perry  took  the  British  fleet  on  Lake  Erie,  which  made 
the  British  abandon  the  lake.  In  January,  181 5,  the 
British,  with  twelve  hundred  of  Wellington's  veterans, 
attacked  General  Jackson  at  New  Orleans,  who  had  a 
much  inferior  force,  and  was  defeated  with  the  loss 
of  their  commander,  and  a  loss  of  two  thousand  men. 
The  Americans  had  but  five  thousand  raw  troops ;  the 
Americans  lost  but  a  few  men.  Peace  had  been  made, 
but  it  was  not  known  at  that  place.  We  can  see  pro- 
gress; no  railroads,  no  telegraphs.  That  ended  the  war. 
The  British  acted  infernally  mean,  or  this  war  would 
not  have  occurred.  And  what  did  the  fools  get  by  it.'^ 
Nothing  but  great  loss,  as  war  always  ends.     But  we 


342  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

have  said  aristocracy,  and  barbarians,  and  savages 
must  always  be  seeking  to  have  a  fight  on  hand,  and 
if  they  can  not  pick  a  fight  with  others,  they  will  fight 
each  other.  We  say  again,  Do  not  war,  unless  the  en- 
emy comes  on  your  territory;  then  give  him  Belial  till 
he  cries  enough.  It  is  better  to  make  a  great  sacrifice 
than  to  go  to  war.  Workinormen,  be  careful  and  not 
let  the  tartarean  aristocracy  drag  you  into  war;  mind, 
it  is  all  gain  to  those  infernals,  but  death  and  destruc- 
tion to  you. 

In  August,  the  British,  under  General  Ross,  landed 
in  Maryland,  marched  to  Washington  city,  defeated  a 
small  American  force  that  he  met,  took  the  city,  and 
burnt  the  public  buildings  ;  he  retired  to  his  fleet,  and 
Ross  was  killed  at  North  Point  in  a  skirmish.  Notice, 
the  barbarian  who  burnt  the  public  buildings  at  Wash- 
ington was  killed  soon  after.  The  barbarian  aristo- 
cratic Federalists  opposed  this  war  with  England;  their 
reason  was  that  it  was  unjust  and  unnecessary,  and 
waged  for  the  benefit  of  France,  as  that  nation  was  at 
war  with  England.  The  strength  of  this  opprobrious 
party  lay  in  the  New  England  States.  That  was  the 
right  name  for  those  states,  as  they  were  for  England 
in  the  war;  as  the  Federalists  w^ere  for  imitating  their 
government  at  the  framing  of  the  constitution.  The 
Federalists  called  a  convention  of  the  New  England 
States,  which  met  at  Hartford,  Connecticut.  They  rec- 
ommended certain  amendments  to  the  constitution. 
This  convention  was  the  cause  of  the  downfall  of  the 
obnoxious,  and  proud,  and  haughty,  and  infamous  aris- 
tocratic, destructive,  and  corrupt  Federal  party.  Some 
say  that  the  convention  utterly  destroyed  the  federal 
party;  that  is  not  so,  it  is  stronger  two  or  three  to  one 
than  it  ever  was  (now,  at  this  day.).  I  le  is  an  egre- 
gious simpleton,  who  thinks  that  aristocracy  can  be 
quickly  destroyed  ;  it  has  been  the  doniinant  power 
since  L{ovcrnmcnt  has  been  instituted  amono-  men,  and 
they  have  domineered  with  a  rod  of  iron  ever  since, 
with  few  exceptions,  over  the  people  ;  and  they  have 
robbed  and  stolen  not  only  their  living  out  of  the  peo- 


HISTORY    OP^   THE    UNITED    STATES.  343 

pie,  but  have  swindled  and  cheated  them  out  of  billions 
of  their  hard  earnings  besides.  We  heard  a  fool  say, 
There  is  no  aristocracy  in  this  country.  Workingmen, 
do  not  be  deceived  by  such  lies  ;  do  not  let  the  man- 
eaters  lull  you  so  easily.  We  tell  you  again,  that  aris- 
tocracy is  stronger  in  the  United  States  today  than 
ever,  and  so  it  is  in  the  world.  All  the  lying,  cheat- 
ing, swindling  aristocratic  barbarians  will  tell  you  that 
there  is  no  aristocracy  in  this  country,  and  any  dunce 
knows  better,  if  he  will  only  exercise  his  mind.  When 
we  say  aristocrac) ,  we  mean  political  aristocracy.  Why, 
we  tell  you  they  rule  the  world  today.  W^ith  social 
aristocracy,  we  at  present  have  nothing  to  say.  But 
we  advise  the  working  man  not  to  draw  a  line  of  dis- 
tinction, as  they  all  are  silent,  and  you  can  not  know 
them  one  from  the  other.  The  fool  says  there  is  no 
aristocracy  in  this  country.  You  may  as  well  break  a 
skunk  sucking  eggs,  as  to  alter  aristocracy;  they  are 
like  skunks,  predacians,  and  they  will  die  that.  It  is 
easier  to  change  the  spots  on  the  leopard,  or  the  sow 
wallowino:  in  the  mire,  than  to  alter  the  aristocrat.  It 
is  easier  to  change  the  carnivorous  appetite  of  the  tiger, 
than  to  alter  the  aristocrat;  he  is  for  blood  and  plun- 
der, spoil  and  prey,  and  his  disposition  can  not  be  alter- 
ed, more  than  you  can  prevent  a  hungry  wolf  from  tak- 
ing sheep,  or  a  fox  catching  poultry.  An  a'ristocrat 
is  a  liar  and  a  thief,  and  we  can  not  alter  him.  But 
we  can  tell  what  to  do  with  him;  put  him  where  he  can 
do  no  harm.  The  bear,  the  lion,  the  tiger,  we  cage  ; 
the  bad  dog  we  tie  or  chain  up.  The  aristocrat  you 
must  give  no  office,  you  must  not  trust  him  in  any 
thing,  let  him  do  no  business  for  you,  do  not  believe 
a  word  he  says,  have  nothing  to  do  with  him  if  you 
can  help  it  ;  you  may  think  this  is  too  hard,  but  he  is 
the  bohon  upas  of  the  world.  The  working  man  can 
chain  the  hyena;  all  he  has  to  do  is  to  work  for  his 
honest  interest,  and  is  that  fair  to  ask  of  him  t  He 
must  do  that,  or  he  will  be  a  slave  ;  he  must  make  up 
his  mind  immediately,  to  do  that  he  should  have  done 
long  ago.     Now  is  the  time. 


344  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Mr.  Madison  was  re-elected  president,  and  Elbride 
Gerry  chosen  vice  president.  The  war  closed  under 
his  administration.  Mr.  Madison  declined  to  be  a 
candidate  for  a  third  term,  and  James  Monroe  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  Daniel  D.  Tompkins  of  New  York,  were 
elected  in  1816.  The  return  of  peace  found  the  coun- 
try burdened  with  a  debt  of  $80,000,000,  and  but  little 
specie  in  the  country.  The  most  of  the  banks  had 
suspended  specie  payments.  In  1817,  Congress  estab- 
lished a  National  Bank  at  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Monroe 
was  a  popular  president;  he  proved  acceptable  to  the 
people,  and  was  re-elected  in  1820,  by  all  the  elec- 
toral votes  but  one.  Five  States  were  added  to  the 
Union  during  his  term,  and  two  under  Mr.  Madison's 
term.  Mr.  Monroe  declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  a 
third  term  in  1824.  A  number  of  candidates  were  of- 
fered to  the  people  that  year.  Andrew  Jackson,  the 
hero  of  the  people,  and  the  conqueror  of  Wellington's 
Invincibles,  at  New  Orleans.  He  was  cheated  out  of 
the  election.  Henry  Clay  was  a  candidate,  and  he  re- 
ceived the  vote  of  Kentucky.  John  Q.  Adams  was  a 
mongrel  aristocrat  ;  he  was  a  candidate,  and  Clay 
threw  the  vote  of  Kentucky  for  the  mongrel  aristocrat, 
John  Q.  Adams,  and  by  that  Andrew  Jackson  was  de- 
frauded out  of  the  office  of  president,  and  he,  Clay,  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  a  high  office  of  secretary  of 
state.  This  produced  a  great  political  excitement, 
and  it  injured  Clay,  who  afterwards  went  with  the 
aristocratic  party,  and  always  previously  was  a  demo- 
crat, and  supported  the  democratic  party.  These  are 
the  facts  of  the  case.  It  looks  dark  ;  it  may  be  all 
fair.  These  are  the  facts  ;  judge  for  yourselves.  John 
Q.  Adams  was  elected  president  by  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, and  John  C.  Calhoun,  a  democrat,  was 
elected  vice  president  by  the  people,  and  it  is  probable 
that  Jackson  would  have  been  elected  president,  but 
for  the  change  of  Clay.  So  much  for  Federalism — 
when  it  was  considered  dead.  And  now  a  mongrel 
aristocrat  was  president,  and  the  democrats  said  it  was 
done  by  fraud. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  345 

Adams  made  an  unpopular  president.  During  his 
term  a  high  protective  tariff  was  laid  on  imports, 
which  the  South  bitterly  denounced,  and  which  has 
been  billions  of  damage  to  the  hard-working  men  of 
the  United  States,  and  which  has  been  the  cause  of 
more  lies,  bribery,  contention,  and  strife  than  all  the 
rest  of  the  measurers  combined.  The  reason  of  ii  is, 
because  it  is  the  greatest  robbery  and  fraud  that  ever 
was  concocted.  This  is  our  proposition,  and  we  will 
prove  it.  Caleb  Gushing  said  the  Federal  party  was 
built  on  spite  and  hatred.  That  is  so.  Spite  and 
hatred  to  their  fellowman  ;  and  it  is  founded  on  fraud 
and  corruption,  and  maintained  by  robbery  and  thefl 
And  still  they  have  the  cheek  to  call  it  the  truly  good 
old  party  ;  they  know  they  lie  when  they  say  so,  but 
their  followers  are  fools,  and  easily  deceived.  Beware 
of  aristocracy  and  Federalism  ;  it  is  the  bane  of  poli- 
tics ;  the  venom  of  government ;  the  hydra  of  civiliza- 
tion ;  the  poison  of  society  ;  the  Bohon  Upas  of  the 
world.  Do  not  let  it  get  into  office  ;  keep  them  down 
as  they  were  in  the  year  1820,  when  Monroe  received 
all  the  electoral  votes  but  one.  Every  one  must  have 
come  to  the  conclusion.  We  all  have  read  of  many 
nations,  rising  in  learning  and  progress,  and  civiliza- 
tion, to  an  elevated  plane,  and  then  retrograde.  Men 
have  written  on  the  subject,  and  all  have  failed  to 
give  the  reason.  We  will  solve  the  question.  It  does 
not  belong  to  the  irreducible  case  of  cubic  equations ; 
it  is  only  a  simple  question  in  simple  equation,  and  can 
be  solved  by  common  arithmetic.  H.  G.  thought  that  he 
had  solved  the  question,  but  he  did  not  solve  it,  and  he 
never  can;  he  is  too  much  fettered  with  error;  he 
would  have  to  alter  his  mental  organism,  and  begin  on 
a  new  lead,  before  he  can  solve  that  grand,  sublime, 
and  important,  and  highly  useful  problem ;  and  that 
he  never  will  do.  He  has  utterly  failed  to  solve  the 
question ;  he  is  no  mathematician  ;  he  cannot  solve 
difficult  problems.  Another,  the  greatest  scientist  on 
this  earth,  has  come  the  nearest  to  solve  this  impor- 
tant   question;  he  is  quite  a  mathematician  ;  that  is, 


346  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

Herbert  Spencer.  Read  his  Social  Statics,  and  re- 
ceive light.  Surely  there  is  light,  but  it  does  not 
reach  the  vital  spot. 

All  that  is  necessary  to  have  good  times  in  a  coun- 
try is  to  check  and  govern  aristocracy.  The  beehive 
is  a  model  to  take  example  by ;  they  destroy  the 
drones.  We  must  have  no  drones  in  the  beehive. 
They  are  necessary  at  times.  In  society  we  want  no 
drones,  and  soon  the  workingman  can  have  it  so.  If 
drones  cannot  make  it  pay  to  be  drones,  you  will  have 
no  drones.  At  present  the  drones  are  everything. 
The  four  millions  worship  them,  and  let  them  have 
Nearly  all  the  money  in  the  country.  We  know  many 
fools  who  think  they  are  wonderfully  smart,  and  they 
work  all  they  can,  politically,  to  give  all  the  profits 
made  in  the  country  to  the  aristocracy.  They  do  not 
get  any  of  it,  only  their  party  wins,  and  they  are  out 
indirectly,  much  in  funds,  and  the  simpletons  do  not 
know  it.  Poor  ignoramuses  they  are,  and  they  would 
kiss  the  great  toes  of  their  leaders,  if  they  should  re- 
quire it  from  them.  The  times  are  hard  in  the  Unit- 
ed States  now  (1885),  and  why  .^  Can  you  tell.?  No, 
you  cannot  tell.  The  question  is  easily  solved.  If 
the  bees  in  the  hive  should  keep  many  drones,  and  let 
them  eat  the  honey  in  the  fall,  they  would  starve  in 
the  winter.  Now  the  aristocracy  have  all  the  money  ; 
they  have  robbed  the  people,  and  it  is  hard  times  with 
them  ;  like  the  bees  they  are  starving,  the  drones  have 
the  honey.  What  are  you  going  to  do  about  it  ?  the 
fool  says.  We  say,  Workingman,  you  have  been  the 
littlest  fool  that  is  in  the  world  Let  the  robber  .take 
your  labor  avails,  without  making  any  effort  to  stop 
him,  and  when  winter  comes  you  must,  like  the  bees, 
starve.  And  now  vou  crv,  Hard  times  !  O  fool  of 
fools,  how  long  will  you  suffer  by  your  egregious  folly! 
how  long  will  you  be  robbed  and  will  not  see  it,  when 
any  dunce  who  wishes  can  plainly  see  it  and  all  the 
fool  gets  his  party  wins  t  He  says,  Glorious  old  party  ! 
The  Federalist  comes  home  from  a  barbacue.  The  Fed- 
erals won   the  election,  and  a  regular  saturnalia  they 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  347 

had.  He  has  feasted  the  inner  man  with  solids  and 
liquids;  he  enters  the  door  and  takes  a  chair;  after  a 
few  minutes  the  lady  says  the  flour  barrel  is  empty, 
used  the  last  this  morning;  the  lard  tin  is  out,  the  po- 
tatoes are  all  used,  no  meat  left,  there  is  nothing  for 
supper.  She  drops  a  tear;  the  children  cry  for  bread. 
No  fire  on  the  hearth,  it  is  cold  and  dreary.  The 
Federal  has  feasted,  he  does  not  want  any  more  at 
present.  He  slyly  leaves  the  house  and  goes  to  the 
barbacue.  To  raise  his  spirits,  which  had  dropped 
down  to  zero,  he  gives  three  cheers  for  FederaHsm. 
The  market  was  flooded  with  goods,  and  a  high  tariff 
had  enriched  the  manufacturers,  and  the  factories  had 
shut  down  for  the  present ;  everything  the  laborer  had 
to  sell  was  cheap ;  labor  was  at  starvation  prices,  but 
nothing  to  do.  But,  says  the  infamous  hireling  Fed-, 
eralist,  Everything  is  abundant,  money,  any  amount. 
Good.  Still  you  cannot  enumerate  grain.  Why,  all 
the  granaries  are  overflowing,  and  everything  you 
want  to  eat  is  low.  As  we  said  above,  all  the  laborer 
has  to  sell  brings  little  more  than  expenses. 

Times  have  been  flush,  and  people  have  run  in  debt, 
and  now  the  money  is  all  in  the  hands  of  the  rich. 
The  banks  have  discounted  to  the  end  of  their  limits. 
None  but  those  in  good  positions  in  property  can  bor- 
row money,  and  those  at  high  rates.  The  constable 
and  sheriff  have  much  to  do,  and  the  courts  are  all 
busy.  The  rich  have  made  another  harvest,  and  many 
a  man  in  common  circumstances  has  gone  down  the 
flume ;  and  so  doubly  the  rich  get  richer,  and  the  poor 
poorer.  All  this  was  bi''OUght  about  by  class  legislation. 
So  the  rich  have  more  money  than  they  know  what  to 
do  with,  and  the  poor  starve  with  thousands  of  provis- 
ions around  them  ;  and  all  those  who  made  money 
out  of  this  grievous  calamity  think  they  were  smart, 
and  say  to  themselves  :  ''  I  do  not  pity  them."  So  he 
does  not  pity  them  ;  out  of  their  losses  he  piled  up  his 
gains.  We  will  show  how  the  knaves  in  the  first  place 
acquired  their  money.  But,  says  the  infernal,  mercen- 
ary, and  venal  tool  of  aristocracy,  "What  a  rich  coun- 


34^  THE  workingman's  guide. 

try  we  have  ;  see  the  banks,  nearly  two  thousand;  see 
the  railroads,  over  one  hundred  thousand  miles  of 
them;  manufactures,  the  products  over  five  billions." 
Yes,  we  have  to  say,  but  add,  all  in  the  hands  of  a  few ^ 
and  nine-tenths  of  the  people  poor,  and  hundreds  of 
thousands  starving;  such  are  the  beauties  of  the  dia- 
bolical aristocracy.  They  hate  the  workingman.  Can 
a  man  rob  one  he  loves.?  No,  he  can  not;  he  must  hate 
tho^e  whom  he  robs.  Workingmen,  can  you  have  any 
respect  for  those  who  rob  you  .-^  No,  you  cannot;  but 
you  can  do  no  otherwise  than  hate  those  who  rob  you, 
and  make  your  children  beg  for  bread,  and  your  wives 
starve.  But,  say  the  drones  and  sycophants,  no  one 
has  robbed  the  workingman.  We  will  prove  this  soon. 
Yes,  but  we  have  already  proved  that  aristocracy  al- 
ways has  robbed  the  workingman,  and  we  will  prove 
that  he  robs  more  from  him  now  than  he  ever  has  be- 
fore. In  ancient  times  they  robbed  by  millions,  now 
they  rob  by  billions.  It  is  an  easy  task  to  prove  that. 
In  1816  the  tariff  was  adjusted  mainly  for  revenue. 
In  1824,  under  the  Federalist  John  Q.  Adams,  the  first 
high  tariff  for  protection  was  passed.  It  averaged  38 
per  cent.,  and  afterwards  was  the  cause  of  the  rise  of 
nullification.  This  tariff  enriched  the  manufacturers, 
and  impoverished  the  mass  of  the  people,  and  pressed 
heavily  on  the  working  men  ;  and  ever  since  the  tariff, 
people  have  been  continually  asking  Congress  to  pass 
tariff  laws  for  their  special  benefit,  and  agitating  the 
country  from  every  quarter;  and  there  is  no  let  up 
with  the  cormorants,  they  want  the  whole  country. 
The  Federalists  could  not  command  a  large  vote  since 
1812,  on  account  of  their  opposition  to  the  war  of 
1812  ;  but  they  were  not  broken  up.  Federalism  is  ar- 
istocracy, and  that  has  not  been  broken  up  any  where 
to  this  date.  At  times  they  are  far  in  the  minority, 
and  have  little  to  say  ;  but  they  will  adhere  to  their 
principles — robbery,  theft,  lying,  plundering,  and  class- 
legislation,  when  they  can  make  any  of  those  thirigs 
pay.  As  they  do  not  work,  thcv  must  do  the  five 
cherished  jjrinciplcs  of  theirs.      y\s   long  as  their  lead- 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  349 

er,  Beelzebub, has  any  influence  in  this  terrestrial  sphere, 
aristocracy  will  lie ;  and  they  are  flourishing  at  this 
present  time,  as  they  have  robbed  the  people  of  more 
money  than  they  know  what  to  do  with,  and  have  four 
million  ignorant  partisans,  and  ignoramuses,  and 
fanatics  and  fools  to  back  them.  The  mongrel  Feder- 
alist had  been  playing  smart,  pretending  that  which 
he  was  not.  He  by  fraud  and  secret  bribery  obtained 
the  oflfice  of  highest  importance  in  the  gift  of  the  peo- 
ple ;  and  that  fraud  and  corruption  have  been  growing 
ever  since,  so  that  now  aristocracy  is  nothing  but  fraud, 
and  they  have  contaminated,  and  poisoned,  and  mor- 
ally polluted  the  people.  The  highest  protective  tar- 
iff that  the  Federal  aristocrats  passed  was  bitterly  op- 
posed in  the  South.  In  1828,  Andrew  Jackson,  of  Ten- 
nessee, was  chosen  president,  and  John  C.  Calhoun  vice 
president,  the  second  time.  The  charter  of  the  Unit- 
ed States  Bank  expired  in  1836.  In  1832,  Congress 
passed  a  law  rechartering  it,  but  Jackson  vetoed  it. 
Congress  made  an  effort  to  pass  it  over  his  head  by 
two-thirds  majority,  but  failed.  The  tariff  again  was 
foisted  on  Congress;  and  in  1832  Congress  increased 
the  rate  of  duties.  South  Carolina,  declared  her  inten- 
tion to  resist  the  law,  and  took  measures  to  resist  the 
collection  of  duties  in  the  city  of  Charleston.  John 
C.  Calhoun  resigned  the  office  of  vice  president,  and 
was  elected  U.  S.  Senator  of  South  Carolina ;  he  was 
assisted  in  his  opposition  to  the  tariff  by  Robert  G, 
Hayne,  and  he  was  also  Senator  and  Governor  of  the 
State.  McDuffy  also  opposed  the  tariff.  The  excite- 
ment was  great.  Jackson  sent  a  ship  of  war  to  Charle- 
ston, ordered  General  Scott  to  proceed  to  that  place 
with  all  the  available  troops,  and  issued  a  proclama- 
tion, denying  the  State  of  South  Carolina  having  the 
right  to  nullify  a  law  of  Congress,  and  warning  the  peo- 
ple of  South  Carolina,  that  the  extreme  penalty  for 
treason  should  be  inflicted  upon  them  for  any  overt 
act.  The  President's  firmness  averted  the  trouble  for 
the  time.  He  was  sustained  by  the  people,  and  the 
obnoxious  duties  were  gradually  reduced.     This  was  a 


350  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

grave  question,  for  a  State  to  claim  to  nullify  an  act  of 
Congress ;  but  the  attempt  had  the  desired  effect,  it  re- 
pealed the  predacious  law.  This  high  tariff  was  the 
cause  of  tlie  civil  war  afterwards.  But  why  }  asks  the 
tool  of  aristocracy.  We  will  give  our  reason.  We  know 
that  if  any  one  refuses  to  walk  the  chalk,  that  the  infa- 
mous aristocracy  makes  for  one  or  many,  she  is  angry, 
and  she  will  have  revenge.  So  the  infernal  drones  hat- 
ed the  South;  they  sought  for  an  excuse  to  inflict  ex- 
treme punishment  on  the  South,  for  they  having  the 
audacity  to  disobey  their  mandates,  so  they  watched 
for  an  opportunity  to  give  them  goss,  first  by  interfer- 
ing in  their  personal  and  domestic  concerns  and  in- 
terest. She  done  all  she  could  to  vex,  to  annoy,  to  pro- 
voke, to  belittle,  to  exasperate  the  South,  They  having 
warm  blood  and  considering  themselves  as  good  as  the 
diabolical  aristocrats,  had  the  manhood  to  resent  the 
premeditated  insults,  and  had  their  warm  blood  raised 
to  fever  heat,  and  done  a  foolish  act — done  what  the 
flagitious  and  stygian  infernals  wanted  them  to  do. 
They  wanted  an  excuse  to  give  them  goss,  and  they  got 
it. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 

HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

As  nullification  died  out,  the  bank  question  came 
up  again.  Jackson  removed  the  deposits,  or  ordered 
the  secretary,  McLane,  to  remove  them  ;  he  refused  to 
do  so.  He  was  referred  to  the  state  department, 
which  was  vacant.  Wm.  j.  Duane  was  then  appoint- 
ed to  the  treasury.  He  too  refused  to  remove  the  de- 
posits, and  was  deprived  of  his  oflfice,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Roger  B.  Taney,  who  promptly  transferred 
the  funds  from  the  Bank  of  the  United  States  to  the 
state  banks  designated  by  the  I'resident.  This  meas- 
ure gave  great  umbrage  to  the  Federal  aristocracy. 
'Ihe  President  lost  some  sunshine  friends;  many  such 
miscreants    in    the    world.      In    the    senate,   the    bank 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  35  I 

minions,  Clay  and  Webster,  assailed  Jackson  bitterly. 
The  senate  passed  a  resolution  of  censure  by  a  vote 
of  26  ayes  to  20  noes.  He  was  sustained  by  the  House 
of  Representatives,  which  was  worth  more  than  cen- 
sure of  the  Senate.  In  March,  1837,  the  senate  ex- 
punged the  resolution  of  censure  from  its  journal. 
During  the  administration  of  Jackson  the  national 
debt  was  paid ;  Arkansas  and  Michigan  were  admit- 
ted into  the  Union  ;  France,  Spain,  Portugal  and  Na- 
ples forced  to  make  good  their  depredations  upon 
American  commerce.  The  war  with  the  Seminole  In- 
dians was  begun,  which  lasted  until  1842,  and  cost 
^40,000,000.  In  1836,  Martin  Van  Buren,  of  New 
York,  was  elected  President,  and  Richard  M.  Johnson 
was  chosen  Vice  President.  He  was  the  man  who 
killed  the  great  Indian  chief,  Tecumsch.  Van  Bu- 
ren's  administration  was  hampered  throughout  by  the 
troubles  of  the  commercial  disaster  of  1837.  The 
great  and  important  measure,  the  Independent  Treas- 
ury, was  passed  during  his  administration.  The  infer- 
nals  told  more  lies  about  that  measure  than  Satan 
could  count  in  a  month.  The  aristocracy  had  been 
using  and  loaning  the  public  funds  before  Jackson's 
term,  gratis.  No  wonder  that  they  strove  so  hard  to 
keep  their  money.  Many  do  not  know  that  the  Unit- 
ed States  had  no  place  to  keep  their  money  before 
this  act  was  passed ;  after  this,  buildings  were  con- 
structed to  keep  their  funds.  Can  it  be  possible  that 
the  government  trusted  lying,  cheating,  swindling,  rob- 
bing, stealing,  infamous,  vile  and  purse-proud  codfish 
aristocracy  to  keep  the  government  funds  ?  And  more 
lies  the  scamps  told  about  it  than  ever  was  told  in  the 
great  pandemonium.  We  remember  the  time;  it  was 
before  the  people  and  Martin  Van  Buren  staid  with  it, 
and  it  took  a  long  time  to  become  a  law.  This  was 
the  great  act  of  Martin  Van  Buren's  life.  Aristocracy 
opposed  it. 

The  Apollyons  fought  hard  to  keep  the  United 
States  funds,  but  the  Belials  were  routed,  and  the  in- 
famous scamps  never  attempted  to  take  the  funds  from 


352  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

the  government  again.  In  1840  William  H.  Harrison 
was  elected  president,  and  it  was  a  disgrace  to  the 
country  how  the  infamous  aristocrats  conducted  that 
campaign.  Their  principles  were  log-cabins,  and  hard 
cider,  and  coon  skins.  This  is  sufficient  to  prove  that 
they  were  not  Democrats.  Can  a  man  be  found  who 
will  say  that  Democrats  would  conduct  a  campaign  so 
in  politics ;  they  had  no  principles  ;  it  was  an  insult 
to  the  intelligence  of  the  people.  They  denied  being 
for  a  National  Bank ;  when  they  got  the  power  they 
passed  a  bank  bill,  and  John  Tyler,  president,  vetoed 
it.  They  had  many  names  before  that.  Then  they 
called  themselves  Whigs,  and  they  soon  disgraced 
that  ancient  and  time-honored  name.  Clay  said,  "  We 
stoop  to  conquer."  In  the  towns  you  would  see  a  log 
cabin  and  a  barrel  of  cider,  and  coon  skins  hanging 
about.  This  disrespect  for  the  people  proves  that 
they  were  not  Democrats,  as  they  would  not  so  insult 
their  intelligence.  This  act  alone  proves  that  they 
were  aristocrats ;  and  their  antecedents  before  we 
proved  were  aristocratic.  So  we  have  doubly  proved 
them  to  be  infamous  aristocrats.  They  proved  their 
utter  depravity.  Democrats  publish  their  principles 
to  the  people.  They,  withholding  and  concealing 
their  principles,  prove  that  they  are  aristocrats.  Har- 
rison lived  but  a  month,  and  John  Tyler  became  pres- 
ident. The  northwestern  boundary  between  the  Unit- 
ed States  and  British  America  was  settled  under  John 
Tyler.  Texas  was  annexed  to  the  United  States,  in 
spite  of  the  opposition  of  the  Whig  party,  on  March 
ist,  1845,  and  on  the  3d  of  March,  1845,  Iowa  and 
Florida  were  admitted  into  the  Union.  In  1844  James 
K.  Polk  was  elected  president.  Under  his  adminis- 
tration the  war  with  Mexico  occurred,  and  Mexico 
was  badly  dealt  with.  The  Mexicans  are  always  fight- 
ing, and  yet  cannot  fight  worth  a  sou.  A  treaty  of 
peace  between  Mexico  and  the  United  States  was 
signed  on  F'cbruary  2d,  1848,  in  which  the  United 
States  obtained  a  great  extent  of  territory,  and  paid 
$18,750,000.      In  1848  Zachary  Taylor,  of  Louisiana, 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  353 

was  elected  president,  and  Millard  Fillmore,  of  New 
York,  vice  president.  In  this  campaign  the  Anti-Sla- 
very party  presented  Martin  Van  Buren,  of  New  York, 
as  their  candidate.  This  defeated  Mr.  Lewis  Cass,  of 
Michigan,  who  was  the  regular  Democratic  candidate. 
Van  Buren  received  291,263  votes. 

Slavery  has  been  (not  white  slavery,  that  aristoc- 
racy held  in  ancient  times)  a  bone  of  contention  for 
many  years,  and  it  originated  with  the  aristocracy  of 
England.  They  imported  slaves  as  long  as  it  was  profit- 
able, and  then  opposed  it  to  injure  the  United  States. 
But  the  dunce  asks  :  Why  is  aristocracy  against  slavery  } 
We  will  tell  you  in  the  future.  The  northern  aristo- 
cracy took  pattern — as  they  always  have — after  the 
British  aristocracy;  they  are  ignorant,  so  they  must 
have  a  pattern  to  go  by,  and  they  took  England. 
England  and  the  United  States  used  slavery  as  long- 
as  they  could  make  anything  out  of  it,  and  when  they 
had  a  better  thing  they  dropped  it,  and  then  exposed 
it.  Mind,  the  aristocracy  in  both  places  we  intend  or 
allude  to.  The  aristocracy  made  many  billions  out  of 
slaves;  first,  white  slaves,  then  black  slaves.  White 
slavery  was  extinguished  when  the  people  became  so 
intelligent,  by  progress,  as  to  see  the  inhumanity  and 
injustice  of  the  practice  of  making  slaves  of  prisoners 
in  war,  which  the  vile  and  detestable  scamps  done  in 
ancient  times  for  thousands  of  years.  Nothing  too 
mean  for  aristocracy  to  do.  Black  slavery  was  abol- 
ished not  by  the  blacks  ;  they  did  not  care  for  liberty, 
that  is,  the  majority  of  them  did  not.  Then,  why  did 
the  whites  free  the  slaves,  that  is,  the  black  slaves.  The 
aristocracy  done  it ;  and  why  ?  Now  the  reader  will 
have  a  new  species  of  slavery  burst  on  his  mental  vis- 
ion. A  species  of  slavery  that  transcends  the  old  sys- 
tem ten  to  one.  We  will  explain  it,  so  all  who  wish 
can  understand  it.  But  the  4,000,000  thieves  and 
serfs  will  not  understand  ;  all  they  care  for  is,  that 
our  party  wins.  Party  spirit  is  predominant  in  their 
organization  ;  that  is  their  greatest  pleasure.  We  have 
elected    our    president.     Hurrah,   for    the    grand   old 


354  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

party!  (That  means  the  infamous  old  Federal  party.) 
The  new  system  which  the  British  had  for  some  time 
inaugurated  and  tasted  its  profits.  The  Federals  had 
taken  pattern  after  the  English  ;  and  they  done  as  the 
British  had  done,  started  the  new  system  of  slavery 
and  robbery.  So  the  next  step  was,  like  the  British, 
was  to  abolish  slavery.  Why  did  the  British  abolish 
slavery  ?  Because  free  men  would  buy  more  goods. 
The  British  had  overdone  the  manufacturing  business, 
and  they  must  have  more  room ;  more  customers. 
That  is  the  reason  why  they  are  continually  grasping 
after  more  territory.  So  the  American  aristocracy 
must  follow  their  pattern — the  British.  And  another 
reason  that  the  American  codfish  aristocracy  had  in 
abolishing  slavery  was  to  cripple  the  South.  They,  the 
South,  were  against  the  favorite  British  system,  and 
they,  the  American  British,  would  injure  them  all  they 
could.  They,  the  South,  were  against  the  new  sys- 
tem of  slavery,  and  they  must  be  crippled,  lamed, 
dogged,  and  brought  to  know  who  was  their  master, 
and  so  they  abolished  slavery — black  slavery  ;  ten 
times  worse  than  the  old  system,  and  they  gave  the 
South  goss  for  opposing  the  new  system  of  slavery. 
That  is  what  caused  the  war  ;  the  South  opposed  the 
new  system  ;  they  had  sworn  vengeance  against  the 
South.  John  C.  Calhoun  was  the  first  man  who  had 
the  boldness,  and  intelligence,  and  intuition,  to  per- 
ceive the  drift  and  object  of  the  project,  to  inaugurate 
the  new  system  of  slavery.  If  you  play  a  game  of 
chess  with  a  man,  and  if  you  do  not  try  to  see  the  ob- 
ject of  his  move,  you  can  not  play  the  game  worth  a 
farthing.  He  knows  nothing  of  this  political  game, 
who  cannot  see  that  the  object  is  to  enslave  the  hu- 
man race.  And  he  is  an  egregious  simpleton  who  will 
not  try  to  see  the  plot.  But  the  four  millions  of  thieves 
will  not  see  if  they  go  into  slavery,  and  even  then  they 
will  not  see  after  they  are  in  slavery.  They  are  more 
ignorant  than  the  lamb  which  licked  the  hand  just 
raised  to  shed  its  blood  ;  the  ignorant  dunces  kissed 
the   hand   that   had  just  shed  its  blood — painful   igno- 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  355 

ranee ;  he  enslaves  himself  not  alone,  but  robs  and 
enslaves  his  brother,  his  sister,  his  father  and  mo- 
ther, his  relatives  and  friends,  and  all  he  gets  our  party 
wins  the  election.  O  !  fool  of  fools.  And  we  can  see 
progress  in  slavery — first  white  slave,  than  black  slav- 
ery, and  then  worse  than  all,  the  new  system  of  white 
slavery.  And  the  workingman  will  abolish  that. 
White  slavery  was  abolished  by  the  slaves  themselves. 
It  did  not  pay  to  have  white  slaves  ;  they  knew  too 
much  to  be  slaves;  it  cost  too  much  to  watch  and 
keep  them  in  bondage.  Rome  tried  it ;  they  had  so 
many  that  they  rose  in  arms,  and  it  produced  a  war  to 
suppress  them.  But  the  British  invented  a  system  of 
fraud,  robbery  and  plunder,  that  excels  all  ever  was 
devised  by  man  to  rob  his  brother  of  his  rights.  The^ 
British  aristocracy  are  far  ahead  in  learning  and  intel- 
ligence of  the  codfish  aristocracy  of  United  States. 
This  codfish  aristocracy  are  degraded,  barbarous  and 
ignorant. 

As  said  before,  the  British  invented  this  scheme  of 
robbery  and  plunder,  and  made  a  great  amount  of 
money  out  of  it,  but  they  had  opposition.  The  landed 
aristocracy  had  the  first  draw  on  the  labor  of  the  work- 
ingmen,  and  in  high  rent;  as  high  in  many  places  as 
twenty-five  dollars  an  acre.  So  the  British  plunderer 
and  aristocrat  on  land  had  the  first  draw  on  labor, 
and  the  new  scheme  could  not  do  as  well  as  here. 
The  codfish  took  pattern  after  the  British  scheme,  and 
started  it  under  the  administration  of  Washington ; 
but  for  the  first  fifty  years  the  people  were  poor,  and 
robbery  did  not  pay  so  well.  For  the  last  fifty  years, 
it  has  paid  enormously  ;  and  for  the  last  twenty-five 
years  it  has  paid  a  double  bonanza;  and  the  lying, 
thieving,  robbing,  plundering  aristbcracy  now  have  so 
much  money  that  they  do  not  know  what  to  do  with  it 
all.  Any  man  with  a  grain  of  sense  can  see  that  some- 
thing is  rotten  in  America  ;  that  the  wheel  of  fortune 
plays  into  a  few  men's  hands;  but  they  cannot  see 
that  the  government  does  all  the  infamy,  and  infernal 
robbery,  and  plunder.     They  can  hear  of   men  having 


356  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

tens  and  hundreds  of  millions,  and  millions  of  people 
starvinor  but  they  do  not  know  how  it  is  done.  But 
the  four  millions  are  satisfied  if  their  party  wins  the 
election,  even  if  their  wives  and  children  cry  for  bread. 
They  can  say.  My  party  won  the  election  ;  and  they 
can  say,  What  a  rich  country  this  is ;  and  a  few  men 
have  it  all,  and  the  mass  of  the  people  are  hewers  of 
wood  and  drawers  of  water ;  and  at  the  elections  the 
infernal  codfish  aristocracy  buy  up  the  voters,  as  they 
do  the  cattle  in  the  market.  Such  is  infamous  codfish 
aristocracy.  The  compromise  of  1850,  proposed  to 
the  South  in  the  Senate  by  Henry  Clay,  and  carried 
through  Congress.  This  compromise  admitted  Cali- 
fornia into  the  Union  as  a  free  state,  and  abolished 
the  slave  trade  in  the  District  of  Columbia.  During 
this  time  General  Taylor  died,  and  Millard  Fillmore 
succeeded  him.  The  dispute  with  England  concern- 
ing the  fisheries  was  settled.  In  1852,  Franklin  Pierce 
was  elected  President,  and  Wm  R.  King  was  elected 
Vice  President.  During  his  administration,  the  ex- 
citement of  the  slavery  question  was  constantly  agitat- 
ed. In  1853,  Douglas  introduced  a  bill  repealing  the 
compromise  act  of  1820.  It  made  great  excitement. 
This  bill  was  passed,  and  it  left  it  to  the  choice  of  the 
people  in  the  territories  north  of  the  line  of  36  deg. 
30  min.,  whether  they  were  to  have  slavery  or  not. 
This  became  a  la\v  May  31st,  1854.  At  this  time  the 
Federal  aristocratic  party  had  changed  its  name  several 
times.  It  had  the  name  of  Whig  from  1836  to  1854, 
eighteen  years,  and  now  it  took  the  name  of  Republi- 
can. It  never  had  been  Whig,  only  in  the  tail,  and  it 
never  will  be  Republican  only  in  the  toes. 

In  1856,  Mr.  Buchanan  of  Pennsylvania  was  elect- 
ed President,  and  John  C.  Brcckenridge  of  Kentucky, 
Vice  President.  John  C.  Fremont  was  the  opposition 
candidate  of  the  party  calling  itself  Republican.  Abo- 
liti(jnism  had  been  agitated  for  perhaps  thirty  years. 
Slavery  was  a  state  institution.  It  existed  before  the 
creation  of  the  general  government,  and  as  the  states 
created   the  general  government,  and  did   not  give  it 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  357 

any  power  concerning  slavery,  the  power  remained 
with  themselves,  and  each  part  of  the  general  govern- 
ment called  states  had  the  original  right  to  have  slaves 
or  not,  as  they  chose.  The  English  aristocracy  first 
began  the  opposition  to  slavery.  It  cost  them  enor- 
mous sums  of  money  to  keep  ships  on  the  African 
coast,  to  prevent  any  other  ships  from  taking  negroes 
from  Africa  as  slaves  ;  and  some  ships  were  taken 
loaded  with  slaves,  and  by  law  confiscated.  Notice  : 
it  was  the  English  aristocracy  that  were  the  first  to 
abolish  slavery.  What  can  we  see  good  in  them  ? 
They  are  endeavoring  to  enslave  the  world.  They 
abolish  bodily  slavery,  and  institute  a  new  system  of 
slavery.  They  have  a  machine  to  take  your  money, 
and  you  do  not  know  how  it  went  nor  who  took  it,  nor 
when  it  was  taken,  but  you  know  one  thing  that  it  is 
gone.  Well  may  the  British  infernal  aristocracy  be 
opposed  to  negro  slavery  ;  that  was  few,  and  not  worth 
much.  They  have  a  far  extending  slavery,  one  that 
takes  in  all  white  as  well  as  black,  enlightened  and 
civilized,  barbarous  and  savage,  women  and  children. 
They  now  take  in  all,  and  they  do  not  have  to  care  for 
their  slaves,  only  to  count  the  money — the  greatest 
system  of  slavery  ever  thought  of,  and  the  fools,  near- 
ly all,  are  for  the  system.  Fanatics  are  for  the  system, 
knaves,  cheats,  swindlers,  liars,  robbers,  plunderers,  are 
all,  or  nearly  all,  for  the  new  system  of  slavery.  Many 
of  them  were  against  the  old  system,  but  are  for  the 
new  system,  because  they  are  fools,  and  cannot  see 
that  they  are  slaves,  and  they  are  barbarians,  as  they 
are  always  willing  tools  of  a  thieving  aristocracy.  The 
aristo,cracy  did  not  care  for  the  negro  slaves  more  than 
they  did  for  hyenas;  all  they  care  for  the  human  race 
is  to  make  money  out  of  it.  They  have  no  souls;  no 
respect  for  anything  but  money,  and  that  is  their  God. 
They  worship  and  have  only  one  God,  and  that  is  Mam- 
mon.     Read  the  first  part  of  the  book,  and  learn. 

The  Black  Republicans  of  the  United  States  have 
taken  this  new  system  of  the  British  diabolicals,  and 
they,  the  black    republican,  infernal    ariatocracy,  can 


358  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE, 

discount  the  British   at  their  new  system   of   slavery; 
and,  says  the  black  republican,  venal  mercenary,  How 
can  that  be  ?     We  can  tell   you.     The   black  republi- 
can can  beat  the  world  in  concocring  lies,  clap-traps, 
and  deceiving  the  people.    They  have  fonr  millions  that 
they  have  fooled,  hoodwinked,  and  trained  in  the  ser- 
vice of  predatory  science,  that  never  was  and  never 
will  be  paralleled.     And  they  have  robbed  the  people 
of  the  United  States  out  of  more  money  than  any  peo- 
ple have  been  robbed  in  the  same  time.     Think  of  it. 
We  will  make  out  the  bill;'  it  will  be  the  largest  bill  of 
what    has  been  stolen  from    any  people.     The  black 
republican,  aristocratic,  predatory  party  transcends  the 
world  in  robbing   and  stealing.      During  Buchanan's 
term  of  office,  great  excitement  was  produced  by  the 
admission  of   Kansas.     The   John    Brown    raid    also 
happened    during    Buchanan's   term.       A  formidable 
party  at  the  north  at  this  time  denounced  the  execu- 
tion of  Brown  as  a  murder  ;  these  were  a  set  of  fanati- 
cal black  republicans,  belonging  to  the  four  millions, 
that  were  forming  at  the  time  to  make  all  the  trouble 
in  the  country  they  could.     The  black  republican  par- 
ty was  increasing  rapidly.     They  had  a  spite   against 
the  South,  on  account  of  the  South  being  for  a  moder- 
ate tariff,  and  they  were  determined  to  have  revenge  and 
push  them  to  the  wall.     Abolitionism  continued  to  in- 
crease ;  the  democratic  party  grew  weaker ;  aristocra- 
cy had  a    new  system  of  slavery,  and  to  provoke  the 
South,  they  set  their  mercenary  serfs  howling  about 
slavery  all  over  the  country.     The  Democrats  split  in 
the  nominating  convention.     The  majority  of  the  con- 
vention   nominated    Stephen    A.   Douglas,     and    the 
soreheads  nominated  John  C.  Breckenridge  for  presi- 
dent, and  the  black  republican   aristocrats  nominated 
Abraham  Lincoln  ;  a  fourth  party  nominated  Johh  Bell 
of  Tennessee,  as  president.     The  vote  was  for   Lin- 
coln, 1,866,452;  for  Douglas,  1,375,1  57  ;  for  Brecken- 
ridge, 847,953;  for  Bell,  590,631.     The  electoral  vote 
stood  for  Lincon    180,  for   Breckenridge,  72,  for  Bell, 
39,  for  Douglas,  12.      This  was  the  beginning  of  the 
trouble. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  359 

A  convention  of  the  people  of  South  Carolina  called 
a  convention,  which  adopted  an  ordinance  of  secession, 
and  withdrew  the  state  from  the  Union  on  the  20th  of 
December.  And  they  said:  "  We  assert  that  fourteen 
of  the  States  have  deliberately,  for  years,  refused  to  ful- 
fil their  constitutional  obligations,  and  we  refer  to  their 
own  statutes  for  proof,"  and  a  man  had  been  chosen 
to  the  office  of  President  hostile  to  slavery.  The  se- 
cession of  South  Carolina  was  followed  by  Mississippi 
January  9th,  1861,  Florida  January  loth,  Alabama  Jan- 
uary iith,  Georgia  January  19th,  Louisiana  January 
26th,  and  Texas  February  ist.  The  forts  and  arsen- 
als were  seized  by  the  State  authorities,  and  held  by 
their  troops,  except  Fort  Sumpter  in  Charleston  har- 
bor, and  Fort  Pickens,  near  Pensacola,  Fla.  Fort 
Sumpter  was  occupied  by  Major  Robert  Anderson 
with  eighty  men.  Major  Anderson  had  occupied 
Fort  Moultrie,  on  Sullivan's  Island,  and  moved  to  Fort 
Sumpter  on  December  25,  i860.  Buchanan  was  par- 
alyzed, and  being  no  military  man,  he  did  not  know 
what  to  do.  He  was  a  conscientious  man  ;  and  not 
desiring  to  precipitate  the  nation  in  a  fratricidal  war, 
he  was  anxious  to  delay  any  definite  action,  as  his 
term  would  soon  expire.  He  did  nothing,  and  left 
matters  as  they  were.  Mr.  Seward  told  Mr.  Campbell 
that  Fort  Sumpter  should  be  evacuated.  Again  Sew- 
ard told  Judge  Campbell  Sumpter  would  be  evacuated. 
Again  Mr.  Campbell  asked  Seward,  and  was  told  that 
faith  as  to  Sumpter  should  be  kept.  Wait  and  see. 
The  infernal  black  Republicans  wanted  the  South  to 
fire  on  Sumpter,  so  as  to  fire  the  northern  fanatics  to 
the  highest  pitch.  If  Sumpter  was  not  kept  by  them 
they  could  not  so  well  have  the  South  commence  hos- 
tilities. That  is  the  reason  they  kept  possession  of 
Sumpter.  A  fleet  of  seven  ships  and  2,400  men  sailed 
from  New  York  early  in  April.  A  call  for  75,000 
men  for  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion  on  April  15, 
i860,  and  all  this  time  the  government  conveyed  the 
impression  to  the  South  that  Sumpter  should  be  evac- 
uated.    The  South  sent  commissioners  to  the  govern- 


360  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

ment  at  Washington  to  treat  on  matters  in  dispute, 
and  the  Cabinet  would  not  receive  them.  In  this 
manner  they  provoked  the  southern  blood  to  fever 
heat.  The  black  Republicans  yearned  for  an  oppor- 
tunity to  give  the  South  Tartarus,  and  the  South  fell 
in  the  snare. 

When  simpletons  have  trouble  it  nearly  always  ends 
in  a  fight.  "  We  should  never  engage  in  a  fight  only 
in  self  defense."  This  is  our  motto  ;  and  workingmen, 
this  is  what  you  should  adopt  as  your  motto.  The 
victor  is  the  loser  Let  a  man  say  what  he  pleases  to 
you,  the  law  is  intended  to  protect  you ;  and  if  it  does 
not,  you  will  not  gain  anything  by  fighting.  You  no- 
tice what  a  great  injury  war  has  been  to  the  world, 
and  the  workingman  has  to  do  the  fighting  and  pay 
the  bill ;  so  we  tell  you  again,  do  not  go  to  war.  Barbar- 
ians and  aristocracy  always  have  been  for  war.  The 
infamous  aristocracy  will  tell  you  that  it  is  a  necessity. 
He  lies,  it  is  not  once  in  a  hundred  times  that  it  is  a  ne- 
cessity. This  civil  war  of  the  United  States  could  ha\  e 
easily  been  averted.  The  South  is  in  for  fight,  the  North 
knew  that  and  provoked  them  to  war.  We  hope  they 
all  will  know  better  hereafter.  But  the  villainous,  and 
treacherous,  and  vicious  aristocracy  want  a  fight;  read 
the  history  of  ancient  times  in  this  book.  They  made 
billions  of  dollars  out  of  the  civil  war,  and  now  they  are 
not  satisfied  with  the  result.  Do  you  know  they  are 
not  ?  Yes,  all  sensible  men  do.  We  say  to  the  South, 
and  to  the  workingman  of  the  North,  Work  and  be 
economical;  that  is  the  only  thing  that  pays  in  the  long 
run.  War  does  not  pay  the  people;  it  only  pays  the  ly- 
ing, cheating,  swindling,  stealing,  and  robbing  aristo- 
cratic barbarian.  Be  sure  that  you  set  your  face  against 
it;  now,  in  the  tuturc,  and  forever.  It  is  destruction, 
carnage,  degradation  ;  and  produces  poverty,  misery, 
wretchedness,  and  anguish,  and  woe.  It  makes  the 
rich  richer,  and  the  j^oor  poorer.  The  vile  and  vil- 
lainous aristocrat  is  for  it.  He  enslaves  thepeople  by 
it.  We  will  prove  that  war  is  not  a  necessity;  wait  a 
little;  be  patient.    See  the  standing  armies  of  the  North 


HISTORY    OFJTHE    UNITED    STATES.  36 1 

Who  are  to  blame  for  it  ?  The  aristocracy.  Shame 
on  the  infernals.  We  will  make  out  a  bill  against  them ; 
they  inaugurated  it ;  and  make  the  people  pay  for  it. 
And  it  is  the  engine  they  enslave  the  people  with,  and 
poor  souls,  they  do  not  know  it ;  they  are  like  the  lamb 
that  is  doomed  for  the  feast.  We  will  at  times  say 
somethinor  about  the  civil  war,  but  we  do  not  have  the 
space  to  give  a  full  history  of  it.  We  will  prove  that 
the  black  republicans  and  the  aristocracy  are  the  same. 
Aristocracy  always  stole  from  the  people  by  class  legis- 
lation ;  that  one  thing  is  enough  to  fasten  the  reproach 
on  the  black  republicans.  They  are  for  a  high  tariff; 
the  aristocracy  are,  and  always  have  been.  They  are 
for  the  British  banking  system  The  aristocracy  are 
for  it,  and  always  have  been.  They  give  away  the  pub- 
lic lands  ;  the  aristocracy  are,  always  have  been.  They 
are  for  giving  subsidies  to  railroads ;  the  aristocrats 
are,  and  have  always  been.  They  are  in  favor  of  giv- 
ing away  the  public  lands ;  have  given  away  nearly 
300,000,000 acres  of  land;  so  the  aristocracy  have  done. 
They  are  for  high  freight  and  fares;  the  aristocrats 
are,  always  have  been.  They  support  monopolies  of 
all  kinds  ;  the  aristocrats  have  always  done  the  same. 
They  are  for  high  salaries,  and  many  officers,  so  as  to 
have  many  voters  under  control  ;  aristocracy  does  the 
same,  alwa^'^s  did.  They  are  for  war  ;  say  it  is  a  neces- 
sity  ;  aristocracy  does  the  same.  They  are  conserva- 
tives ;  aristocracy  are  the  same  and  always  have  been. 
They  are  opposed  to  progress  in  government ;  aristoc- 
racy have  always  been  a  stationary  party;  they  are  for 
fraud,  and  force,  and  corruption  in  government  as 
their  prototype,  Alexander  Hamilton,  and  their  orig- 
inal (aristocracy)  always  was.  They  are  for  having 
pensioners ;  so  are  aristocracy — and  always  were. 
We  will  give  a  list  of  aristocratic  pensioners  before 
we  get  through  ;  they  are  man  worshippers ;  aris- 
tocracy are,  and  always  have  been. 

We  need  not  prove  these  items ;  every  honest  man 
can  see  it  plainly,  how  they  extol  their  leaders  and  laud 
them  to  the  skies,  and  thev  do  not  have  a  great  man 


362  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

in  their  party.  They  have  smart  knaves;  so  has  aris- 
tocracy. They  are  dishonest  in  politics  ;  so  aristocracy 
have  alv^ays  been.  They  could  not  stand  a  year  if 
they  were  honest  and  truthful ;  the  same  with  aristoc- 
racy. They  abhor  and  detest  a  Democrat ;  so  does 
aristocracy.  And  they  lie  about  them,  and  slander  and 
vilify  them;  so  aristocracy  always  have.  They  flatter 
and  lie  to  the  laboring  man  ;  so  does  aristocracy. 
They  say  they  are  for  high  wages ;  so  do  the  aristo- 
crats. Both  lie.  They  have  reduced  wages  to  starv- 
ation prices  ;  so  aristocracy  have  done.  They  are  for 
long  terms  of  offices,  as  President  for  life  and  Sena- 
tors for  life.  They  cheat  the  laboring  man  continually  ; 
so  do  the  aristocracy  in  class  legislation.  They  buy  up 
voters  like  cattle  in  the  shambles  ;  so  does  the  infer- 
nal aristocracy.  They  buy  up  Congressmen  like  mer- 
chandise ;  so  does  the  vicious  aristocracy.  They  sell 
official  stations  like  sheep  in  the  stalls  ;  so  does  the 
vile  aristocracy.  They  give  contracts  to  their  pets 
without  advertising;  so  does  the  aristocracy.  They 
steal  money  out  of  the  treasury ;  so  does  the  diaboli- 
cal aristocracy.  They  think  they  are  above  honest 
people ;  so  does  the  tartarean  aristocracy.  They  are 
the  vilest  of  the  vile  ;  so  is  the  mercenary  aristocracy. 
They  have  done  all  manner  of  crimes;  so  has  the 
dronish  aristocracy.  And  nothing  is  too  low  and 
mean  for  them  to  do ;  so  does  the  aristocracy.  They 
transcend  all  telluric  infamy  and  falsi  crimen;  so  does 
the  degraded  aristocracy.  We  did  not  conclude  the 
succession  of  the  Presidents  after  Lincoln's  first  term. 
In  1864  I'^e  was  elected  to  the  second  term.  On  the 
14th  of  April,  1865,  Lincoln  was  shot  by  Booth,  and 
died  the  next  morning.  And  on  the  same  day,  April 
15th,  Andrew  Johnson  became  President,  and  at  once 
entered  on  the  discharge  of  his  duties.  He  held  that 
the  South  had  never  been  out  of  the  Union,  and  he 
recognized  them  as  members  of  the  Union.  But  the 
infernals  had  to  manifest  their  malignant  hatred  to  the 
South,  which  for  a  long  time  had  been  harbored  in 
their  hearts,     l^rst,  they  made  citizens  of  the  negroes. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES.  363 

which  they  did  to  provoke  the  South,  as  they  cared  no 
more  for  the  negroes  than  they  did  for  coyotes.  They 
had  the  silly  idea  that  with  the  negro  vote  they  could 
rule  and  enslave  the  South  ;  but  a  race  having  the 
property  and  intelligence  of  a  country  could  not  be 
ruled  by  poor  and  ignorant  negroes.  Their  idea  was 
to  make  the  negroes  the  dominant  race,  and  they  sent 
many  of  their  lackeys  south,  to  carry  that  idea  into 
practice.  It  was  madness,  insanity,  fanaticism,  impi- 
ety, flagitious  atrocity,  villainy  of  a  fiendish  and  of  in- 
fernal aristocracy.  And  they  passed  laws  to  carry 
that  Satanic  idea  into  practice.  O  foolish  fools  !  They 
are  now  grieved  that  they  gave  the  negro  la  vote.  Be- 
fore he  was  free  only  three-fifths  of  the  slaves  were 
counted,  to  make  out  the  representation  for  Congress. 
The  diabolical  black  Republicans  always  were  find- 
ing fault  with  that  clause  in  the  constitution.  But 
they  made  it  worse  by  giving  them  full  represen- 
tation ;  and  now  the  South  has  more  power  in  the  gov- 
ernment, and  the  fiends  are  worsted  by  the  power  of 
the  South,  and  their  increase  of  population.  The 
fiends  could  not  believe  the  increase  was  so  great, 
though  done  by  their  own  soyophants,  and  they  had 
the  work  done  again,  and  the  black  imps  had  to  be  sat- 
isfied. So  now  it  is  a  hard  matter  for  the  infernals  to 
get  a  majority  in  the  House  of  Representatives  in  Con- 
gress, the  South  electing  so  many  against  them.  If 
they  did  not  do  so,  they  would  be  like  the  lamb  in  the 
feast,  which  licks  the  hand  just  raised  to  shed  its  blood. 
We  think  but  little  of  the  southern  man  who  plays 
sycophant  to  a  black  Republican,  or  any  workingman 
who  believes  a  word  they  say,  as  they  are  liars  and 
thieves  and  swindlers  and  robbers  and  plunderers  and 
cheats. 

In  the  fall  of  1868  Grant  was  elected  President,  and 
in  1872  he  was  again  elected.  He,  we  believe,  is  the  on- 
ly man  who  endeavored  to  get  the  third  nomination ; 
but  he  failed.  In  1876  Hayes  was  elected  President. 
This  is  the  year  that  the  infernals  robbed  S.  J.  Tilden 
of  the  office  of  President  of  these  United  States,  who 


364  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

was  fairly  elected,  and  they  knew  it.  This  infamous 
act  proves  that  they  are  infernals.  We  have  called 
them  by  that  name  many  times,  and  if  there  are  such 
brutes  anywhere,  the  Black  Republicans  are  the  tarta- 
reans  ;  language  cannot  express  the  depth  of  the  dia- 
bolical crime  ;  pandemonium  cannot  show  a  parallel  to 
it.  Mephistopheles  never  came  up  to  that  demonia- 
cal crime.  And  the  way  the  Black  Republicans 
countenanced  the  crime  proves  their  utter  infamy. 
Demonocracy  cannot  equal  the  infamy  of  the  Black 
Republicans.  We  say,  and  we  wish  you  to  retain  it, 
that  the  crime  of  stealing  the  Presidency  proves  that 
the  party  who  are  guilty  of  the  crime  are  barbarous 
aristocrats,  and  put  as  high  as  the  Washington  monu- 
ment is  not  sufficient  punishment  for  them ;  and  no 
language  can  give  an  adequate  degree  of  the  infernal 
crime.  But  the  reader  will  believe  that  the  Black  Re- 
publican will  do  any  bad  act.  In  1880  Garfield  was 
elected,  and  he  was  assassinated ;  he  took  an  active 
part  in  robbing  Tilden  of  the  Presidency.  Next, 
Cleveland  was  elected  President,  1884.  From  Mar.  4, 
i860,  to  Mar.  4,  1884,  the  United  States  was  ruled  by 
the  Black  Republican  party.  For  twenty-four  years  the 
country  was  cursed  by  abandoned  and  infernal  rulers. 
We  have  no  doubt  that  the  country  has  gone  back 
more  than  one  hundred  years  in  morals.  The  infa- 
mous scamps  have  been  teaching  that  we  are  going 
back  into  barbarism  ;  many  we  have  heard  say  so,  and 
no  doubt  it  came  from  their  leaders.  They  hate  the 
people  with  an  intensity  unutterable  and  indescriba- 
ble. They  are  working  to  bring  them  to  poverty  and 
wretchedness  and  woe,  as  the  world  has  never  seen. 
We  are  stating  what  the  demons  have  done,  and  we 
cannot  do  justice  to  the  infamy  of  the  abandoned 
wretches.  Some  may  think  that  we  are  severe  on  the 
imps,  but  we  tell  you  that  soon  the  proof  will  be  giv- 
en. We  will  make  out  a  bill  of  the  stealing  of  the 
infernal  Black  Republican  party,  the  largest  bill  that 
was  ever  made  out,  and  a  true  bill  it  will  be,  and  such 
robbing  and  stealing,  lying  and  cheating,  never  was 
equaled. 


BANKING.  365 

CHAPTER  XXII. 

BANKING. 

The  history  of  the  banking  system,  in  all  its  parts, 
is  a  singular  and  important  matter.  Its  origin  took 
place  in  1609,  in  Amsterdam,  Holland,  and  at  its  be- 
gining  gave  no  indications  of  its  present  gigantic  op- 
erations. And  at  its  inception,  the  system  gave  no 
signs  of  its  present  banking  swindle.  Other  banking 
institutions  had  preceded  it,  but  they  were  not  con- 
nected with  it,  nor  like  the  present  modern  money 
making  system.  The  Bank  of  Amsterdam  was  a  bank 
of  deposit  only.  It  did  not  is^ie  any  bills,  nor  make 
loans  like  the  present  banks.  It  was  a  storehouse 
for  money,  established  for  the  purpose  of  keeping 
money.  It  was  an  honest  and  useful  institution.  If 
a  person  wished  to  make  a  payment  at  some  distant 
place,  he  would  deposit  in  the  bank  the  amount  he 
wished  to  pay,  and  they  would  give  him  a  certificate 
of  deposit,  which  would  pass  for  its  face  at  many  com- 
mercial centers.  The  bank  made  a  charge  for  keep- 
ing the  bullion  or  coin.  These  papers  became  circu- 
lating medium,  and  the  coin  or  bullion  laid  in  store 
until  the  certificate  was  returned,  and  the  deposit 
called  for  ;  such  was  the  first  banking — no  robbing,  no 
stealing;  an  honest  and  upright  institution,  which 
represented  dollar  for  dollar;  and  the  coin  or  the  bul- 
lion lay  in  store,  and  was  not  subject  to  wear  and  tear, 
and  losses  of  actual  use.  It  was  in  that  manner  a  pa- 
per currency  was  created,  having  all  the  safety,  and 
stability,  and  uniformity  of  a  metalic  currency,  and 
the  facility  of  a  paper  circulation.  The  whole  arrange- 
ment was  beautiful  and  honest,  like  the  people  who 
inaugurated  the  scheme.  It  has  been  said,  Man  has 
discovered  many  inventions.  Yes,  many  honest,  and 
some  vicious  and  dishonest ;  by  a  change,  the  villain 
and  scamp  has  made  it  a  system  of  fraud,  and  robbery, 
and  dishonesty.  The  infamous  aristocrat  has  convert- 
ed the  honest  system  to  a  system  of  transferring  the 


366  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

property  of  the  laboring  man  into  his,  the  rich  man's 
possession.  A  system  that  enriches  the  wealthy  man 
with  the  sweat  of  the  poor  man's  brow.  A  system 
that  has  never  been  equaled  to  enable  the  aristocrat 
to  double  his  money,  without  labor  or  capital,  out  of 
the  honest  toil  of  society.  A  system  that  makes  the 
poor  man  poorer  and  the  rich  man  richer.  A  system 
that  makes  many  thousands  of  paupers  and  beggars, 
and  produces  misery,  wretchedness  and  woe.  A  sys- 
tem that  has  increased  crime,  deceit,  infamy,  rascality, 
venality,  mercenariness,  villainy,  degradation,  inmoral- 
ity,  vice  and  falsi  crimen. 

The  nefarious,  and  flagitious,  and  infamous  aristoc- 
racy have  the  dishonor  of  inaugurating  the  diabolical 
national  banking  system,  now  used  there,  and  here  in 
the  United  States.  It  is  a  new  system  of  enslaving 
the  people.  The  people  were  opposed  to  white  slav- 
ery, and  that  was  abolished;  next  negro  slavery  was  in- 
stituted, and  the  people  did  dislike  that — you  see  pro- 
gress in  slavery — and  was  also  abolished.  We  all  can 
see  the  object  of  slavery — it  enables  the  codfish  aristoc- 
racy to  live  on  the  toil  and  life  blood  of  his  fellow-man, 
without  he  doing  any  labor;  it  enables  the  infernal  ar- 
istocrat to  sup  on  the  fat  of  the  land,  without  per- 
forming his  part,  or  any,  of  the  labor.  But  the  people 
are  very  slow  to  see  and  learn  the  ways  of  the  infer- 
nal aristocracy  ;  but  by  degrees  their  eyes  are  being 
opened,  all  but  the  four-millions  of  thieves,  who  never 
will  see  ;  they  are  totally,  and  perversely,  and  obsti- 
nately blind.  They  would  not  see  if  they  could,  and 
they  are  too  ignorant  and  too  obstinate  to  see;  they  will 
have  to  become  extinct.  The  infernals  from  Pande- 
monium concocted  a  better  system  of  slavery  than  any 
the  aristocrats  had  ever  known.  They  promulgated  it 
to  their  dear  offspring,  the  infernal  aristocracy,  and  they 
immediately  adopted  it  without  examination,  having  full 
confidence  in  anything  their  masters  would  recommend. 
And  thev  have  a  ring,  the  same  as  in  this  country,  of  four 
million  infamous  thieves,  and  slaves  of  an  infernal  ar- 
istocracy.    England  adopted  the  new  system  of   slav- 


BANKING.  367 

eryin  1694;  it  was  eighty-five  years  after  the  bank  of  Am- 
sterdam was  started.  It,  you  see,  took  eightv-five  years  to 
hatch  the  cockatrice;  and  the  souless  aristocracy  had  the 
power  to  force  the  new  system  on  the  people,  as  more 
than  half  the  land  of  the  kingdom  is  owned  by  30,000 
aristocrats,  and  they  had  the  high  tariff  engine  to  work 
the  people  into  the  system.  The  new  system  of  slav- 
ery is  ten  times  worse  than  the  old  system;  we  will 
call  it  the  British  system,  as  it  was  first  promulgated  to 
themby  Belial  from  Pandemonium  ;  and  the  codfish  in- 
fernals  of  this  country  ingrafted  the  system  on  this  re- 
public. It  is  the  worst  system  of  robbery,  and  theft, 
and  plunder,  and  lying,  and  stealing  that  ever  was 
practiced  in  any  country.  No  men  with  souls  would 
think  of  fastening  such  a  basilisk  on  a  country.  But 
we  have  said  that  the  aristocracy  would  do  anything, 
no  matter  how  low,  or  criminal,  or  inhuman,  or  vile ; 
nothing  too  mean  for  them  to  do,  if  there  is  money  in 
it.  Read  the  first  three  hundred  pages  of  this  book 
over  again,  and  you  will  be  satisfied  on  aristocracy. 

The  aristocracy  are  powerful  in  the  British  govern- 
ment and  in  the  United  States;  they  followed  the 
footsteps  of  the  British,  and  the  British  slavery  is  the 
most  perfect  system  of  the  kind  ever  discovered.  They 
had  the  tariff  before  they  had  the  banking  system. 
This  new  system  of  slavery  we  will  denominate  the 
"  British  slavery,"  and  as  long  as  aristocracy  rules  any 
where,  that  infernal  British  slavery  will  exist.  So  as 
long  as  British  slavery,  or  aristocracy,  rules  in  a  land, 
there  is  no  happiness,  no  equality,  no  peace,  no  jus- 
tice for  the  workingman  in  that  country.  Then,  if  you 
want  happiness  to  exist  in  a  country,  the  first  thing 
to  do  is  to  eradicate  the  infernal  aristocracy,  to  destroy 
it  root  and  branch.  It  must  become  like  the  saurians 
—  extinct,  and  no  compromise  must  be  made  with 
them.  If  we  want  a  country  to  be  happy,  the  working 
man  must  rule ;  no  half  work  must  be  allowed.  Every 
man  must  be  satisfied  by  this  time,  that  the  infernal 
aristocrats  have  made  diabolical  work  in  ruling  the 
world.     We  think  that  no  man  can  be  found  so  desti- 


368  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

tute  of  candor  and  sense  as  to  deny  that  fact.  '  And 
now  we  say  to  the  workingmen,  Take  the  reins  in 
your  hands,  and  if  you  utterly  fail,  do  not  mind  that; 
you  cannot  make  so  complete  a  failure  as  the  infernal 
aristocrats  have  done,  and  always  will  do,  and  he  is 
an  egregious  fool  who  thinks  they  will  do  better.  So 
we  say  to  the  workingman.  Try  again,  as  the  Hindu 
chief  who  was  discouraged  in  his  task,  noticed  an  ant 
endeavoring  to  carry  a  load  up  a  wall,  and  he  failed 
the  first  time  ;  the  chief  still  noticed  the  ant,  and  after 
seven  trials,  the  ant  succeeded,  and  laid  his  load  on 
the  wall  So  we  say  to  you,  Try,  try,  try  again;  so 
we  say  to  you.  Your  only  hope  is  to  rule  your  country, 
if  you  do  not,  you  will  be  a  hewer  of  wood  and  drawer 
of  water,  and  your  posterity,  and  children,  and  chil- 
dren's children  will  be  slaves  as  long  as  this  Telluric 
sphere  exists.  Do  not  be  simpletons,  and  think  you 
cannot  rule.  Did  you  know  of  any  important  enter- 
prise to  be  perfected  at  the  first  trial  ?  Seldom  rare  ; 
have  you  seen  it.^*  So  we  say,  Onward,  forward,  march 
to  victory  and  progress  and  happiness,  and  lay  the  in- 
famous and  infernal  aristocracy  on  the  shelf,  in  the 
cabinet  of  the  scientist,  ticketed  extinct.  If  the  work- 
ingmen do  not  strike  for  their  rights  and  interest,  they 
will  be  mumpers  and  slaves  all  their  days.  If  the 
workingman  had  half  the  ambition  he  should  have,  he 
would  succeed. 

In  1694,  the  credit  of  William  Ill's  government  was 
so  low  that  it  could  not  borrow  any  large  sums  of  mon* 
ey.  Then  a  diabolical  scheme  was  concocted  to  get 
money.  It  was  this  :  The  government  offered  eight 
per  cent,  for  the  loan  of  $6,000,000,  and  in  order  to  get 
the  money  promptly,  the  subscribers  were  to  be  incor- 
porated by  the  name  of  governor  and  company  of  the 
Bank  of  England.  The  bank  received  from  the  gov- 
ernment the  following  privileges:  It  had  the  exclu- 
sive possession  of  the  bonds.  Second :  It  received 
credit  from  the  government  in  its  indorsing  its  bills,  or 
loaning  its  bills  to  the  company;  so  the  company  re- 
ceived  interest  on  the  bonds  of  the  government,  and 


BANKING.  369 

also  on  the  bills  the  government  gave  them  the  use  of. 
It  is  like  this :  A  man  has  seven  sons.  He  wants  to 
borrow  money.  He  says  to  a  son  he  has  partiality  for: 
"  I  want  to  borrow  $100,000.  I  will  give  you  my  note 
on  interest,  and  will  also  let  you  have  $100,000  of  my 
bills  (treasury  bills),  to  loan  out  on  interest.  You  give 
me  the  bonds  for  security  for  those  bills,  and  you  will 
draw  the  interest  on  the  bonds  (notes) ;  so,  son,  you  will 
get  by  that  scheme  double  intertsty  The  other  six 
sons  did  not  like  the  iniquitous  plot  to  make  the  one 
son  rich  out  of  their  earnings,  and  in  time  own  nearly 
all  the  property.  The  son  pays  nothing  for  the  use  of 
the  bills  he  gets  from  the  old  man.  The  favored  son 
grows  to  be  an  infernal  old  drone  and  aristocrat.  In 
a  few  years  he  has  more  money  than  he  knows  what  to 
do  with,  and  is  all  the  time  getting  more.  The  six  sons 
and  posterity,  from  generation  to  generation,  are  grow- 
ing poorer  and  poorer.  The  four  millions  of  parasites 
and  lackeys  of  the  country  will  say  it  is  all  right ;  "  it 
makes  money  plenty."  Now  we  say  it  is  all  wrong, 
and  no  honest  and  sensible  man  can  say  otherwise. 
But  you  have  the  facts  ;  judge  for  yourself.  In  time, 
the  descendants  of  one  son  build  steamers  and  navi- 
gate the  ocean,  and  they  build  factories  and  railroads, 
buy  most  of  the  land  in  the  country  ;  and  the  descend- 
ants of  the  six  sons  are  servants  to  those  of  the  one 
son,  and  their  wages  are  reduced  to  the  starvation  point, 
and  their  wives  and  their  children  have  not  sufficient 
clothing  to  cover  their  nakedness,  and  their  ghastly 
countenances  show  want,  privation,  poverty  and  mis- 
ery. The  descendants  of  the  one  favored  son  live  in 
luxury  and  magnificence.  Their  every  want  is  sup- 
plied, and  sycophants  on  hand  to  devise  new  wants. 
They  sup  the  best  in  the  country.  We  think  this  is 
robbery  and  plunder.  What  do  you  poor  workingmen 
think  1     The  4,000,000  say  it  is  a  glorious  scheme. 

This  is  no  fancy  sketch,  it  has  taken  place  ;  you  see 
it  verified  in  England,  in  Europe  ;  there  they  have  had 
the  infernal  machines  to  make  slaves  out  of  white  men  ; 
there  you   can  see   the   rich  in  finery,  and  shining  in 


370  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

diamonds,  rubies,  and  precious  stones,  and  decked  in 
silks,  satins,  and  laces  ;  and  you  see  them  giving  parties 
that  cost  tens  of  thousands  of  dollars,  and  banqueting 
on  costly  viands,  and  feasting  on  the  richest  luxuries 
in  the  world;  while  the  poor  have  scarcely  a  crust  of 
bread  to  stay  the  hunger  of  their  empty  stomachs.  The 
Bank  of  England  has  suspended  specie  payments  twice. 
The  coin  and  bullion  in  the  bank  on  December  24, 
1824,  was  10,721,000  pounds,  over  fifty  millions  of 
dollars;  on  December  25,  1825,  it  was  but  1,260,000. 
So  we  can  see  the  instability  and  the  insecurity  of  the 
bank.  The  government  helped  the  bank,  and  the 
bank  helped  the  aristocracy  first,  and  then  the  govern- 
ment. In  1847,  the  coin  and  bullion  fell  as  low  as 
1,176,000  pounds.  Any  law  that  the  bank  desired  to 
have  passed,  the  aristocracy,  and  more  than  they  asked 
for.  The  infamous  aristocracy  passed  a  law  that  they 
should  not  pay  their  bills.  But  since  1857  they  keep  a 
larger  stock  of  metalic  currency  on  hand  for  an  emer- 
gency.- The  government  had  to  assist  the  bank.  In 
1866,  the  bank  had  a  stock  of  coin  and  bullion  of  13,- 
000,000  pounds  ;  in  a  few  days  it  went  down  to  nothing ; 
then  the  government  helped  it.  So  you  see  that  this 
bank  is  a  pet  of  the  aristocracy.  It  was  framed  to  help 
the  nefarious  drones.  The  intention  was  to  build  a 
power  that  could  control  the  government.  So  you 
will  see  the  flagitious  officers  of  the  government 
strengthening  that  power,  whenever  they  have  an  op- 
portunity to  do  so.  This  is  the  object  of  the  aristo- 
tocrats,  to  build  an  irresponsible  power,  and  make  that 
power  stronger  than  the  government ;  that  is,  stronger 
than  the  honest  people  of  the  country  ;  so  that  the  aris- 
tocracy of  the  countr)^  can  rule  by  fraud  and  corrup- 
tion, or  force,  and  strategy,  and  treachery.  And  if  you 
will  carefully  notice,  you  will  see  that  these  infernal 
aristocrats  do  not  legislate  for  thegovcrnment,  but  often 
for  an  outside  party,  and  sometimes  for  themselves, 
but  very  seldom,  or  rarely,  for  the  people.  And  the 
law-makers  are  paid  in  various  ways;  sometimes  by  the 
stock  of  the  Little  Rock,  sometimes  by  cash,  and  often 


BANKING.  371 

by  being  assisted  in  a  scheme  of  class  legislation  to 
enrich  themselves;  and  the  satanical  crew  always  assist 
each  other  by  log  rolling  or  filthy  lucre. 

The    Bank  of  Amsterdam   was  only  a  bank  of    de- 
posit.    The  Bank  of  England  is  a  bank  of  deposit  and 
circulation.     A  man  takes  his  indorsed  note  to  a  bank, 
and   they  discount   the  same ;  that  is,  give  him    the 
money  for  it  in  its  own  bills,  or  that  of  other  banks,  as 
may  be  convenient,  and  he  charges  him  a  certain  in- 
terest, which  he  takes  out  of  the  sum  when  he  dis- 
counts it.     This  is  a  shave,  as  he  takes  the  interest  be- 
fore it  is  due.     But  the  first  change  of  notes  is  a  trans- 
action that  gives  the  banker  a  great  advantage,  and 
there  is  the  profit  to  the  banker.      If  the  bank  fails,  the 
loss  falls  on  the  community.     If   the  drawer  and  en- 
dorser fail,  the  bank  is  the  loser.     The  banker  grows 
rich  at  the  expense  of  the  borrower.     He,  the  banker, 
charges  the  borrower  interest  on  his  bills,  and   gets  a 
note  full  as  safe  as  his  bills ;  so  the  banker  has  all  the 
best  of  the  bargain,  and  there  is  no  necessity  for  this 
swindling  operation.       The  government  at  this  time 
furnishes  half  of  the  bills  (circulation).     Why  not  fur- 
nish all,  and  do  away  with  this  fraud,  and   deception, 
and  swindle,  and  save  so  much  interest  .^^     It  2:ives  its 
security  to  the  banker,  which  is  positive  proof  that  the 
government  bill  is  the  safest.     Can  you  see  why  the 
governments  do  not  furnish   all  the  money,  as    they 
now  do  half  of  it.?     We  can  tell  you.     The  infernal 
aristocracy  are  making  money  in  furnishing  half  of  it, 
and  the  infamous  tartareans  pass  laws  to  enrich  each 
other;  but   little  else  do  they  do.     The  way  a  cocka- 
trice starts  a  national  bank   is  in  this  manner:     He 
buys  $100,000  worth  of  bonds.     He  takes  them  to  the 
proper  officer  of  government,  and  the  officer  deposits 
them  in  the  treasury,  and  then  the  officer  gives  him 
$100,000  in  government  bills,  greenbacks.     The  bank- 
er has  the  bills  to  use  as  long  as   the  bank  is  in  oper- 
ation.    He  pays  nothing  for  the  use  of  the  bills  (green- 
backs), and  loans  them  out  to  the  people,  and  gets  in- 
terest on  them,  and  he  gets  the  interest  on  the  bonds 


372  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

which  he  deposited.  So  he  gets  double  interest;  once 
on  the  bonds,  and  again  on  the  greenbacks.  When 
he  has  made  as  much  money  as  he  can  use,  he  pays 
the  government  the  greenbacks,  and  takes  his  bonds, 
and  gives  up  banking.  But  while  the  bank  is  in  op- 
eration he  also  gets  the  interest  on  the  deposits  the 
people  place  in  the  bank.  But  in  England  the  Bank 
of  England  gets  interest  on  individual  deposits,  and 
also  on  the  deposits  of  the  government,  as  the  bank 
keeps  and  uses  the  funds  of  the  government.  So  the 
government  enriches  the  aristocracy. 

The  liabilities  of  the  following  banks:  Bank  of  Eng- 
land deposits  and  circulation,  ^120,000,000,  cash  held, 
1 1.2  per  cent.;  Bank  of  France,  deposits  and  circula- 
tion, ^125,000,000,  cash  held,  25  per  cent,  in  Bank 
for  emergencies ;  Banks  of  Germany,  circulation, 
^63,000,000,  deposits,  ^8,000,000,  indorsements,  £v'j,- 
000,000,  in  all  ^88,000,000,  cash  held  47  per  cent.  This 
was  their  condition  in  January,  1873.  The  banks  of 
the  United  States,  October  3,  1872,  was  circulation 
^67,000,000,  or  $325,000,000 ;  the  deposits  were  $725,- 
000,000,  cash  $130,000,000,  or  12.3  per  cent.  They 
began  with  a  capital  of  $6,000,000  in  1694,  and  in  i  797 
it  had,  in  a  little  more  than  a  hundred  years,  after  pay- 
ing fair  dividends,  increased  its  capital  to  $66,000,000, 
that  is,  eleven  times  as  much  as  it  was  at  the  beginning. 
It  will  be  noticed  that  the  Bank  of  England,  and  also 
the  United  States  banks,  keep  only  about  12  per  cent, 
of  its  liabilities  in  cash.  It  is  like  a  person  being  sus- 
pended over  a  frightful  precipice  by  a  cord,  only  one 
eighth  what  would  be  considered  perfectly  safe.  Whatan 
exciting  position  to  be  in,  yet  such  is  the  case,  and  that 
is  the  reason  of  the  ups  and  downs,  panics  and  losses, 
in  mercantile  transactions.  The  banks  do  not  keep 
sufificient  reserves,  that  is,  ready  cash.  Now,  if  the 
United  States  should  issue  one  billion  of  greenbacks, 
ard  keep  a  reserve  of  $120,000,000  in  reserve  in  gold 
and  silver,  the  system  would  be  safer  than  it  is  now, 
and  then  wipe  out  nation  banks,  and  all  banks  of  issue. 
There  would  be  banks  of  discount  and  deposit.     The 


BANKING.  373 

mode  of  bringing  it  about  is  easy  and  safe.  Let  the 
government  pay  its  indebtedness  in  greenbacks,  until 
the  amount  out  is  ^1,000,000,000,  and  with  the  revenue, 
in  the  mean  time,  pay  off  its  bonds.  And  the  govern- 
ment should  keep  on  hand  from  one  hundred  to  a  hun- 
dred and  fifty  millions  of  dollars  in  gold  and  silver  in 
its  vaults,  to  accommodate  those  who  have  to  use  the 
precious  metals.  The  government  now  has  to  guar- 
antee the  payment  of  the  bank  notes,  and  they  can 
just  as  well  be  securitv  for  their  own  notes,  and  they 
would  save  about  twenty-five  millions  of  dollars  a  year, 
and  be  received  for  revenue  by  the  United  States. 
But  a  greater  reason  for  the  change  is  that  there  would 
be  no  pets  to  foster,  no  favorites  to  enrich,  no  parasites 
to  fatten,  no  infernal  aristocrats  feeding  at  the  public 
crib,  or  making  the  rich  richer  and  the  poor  poorer. 
No  pressing  the  middle  classes  down  to  poverty  and 
distress,  no  building  up  nabobs  to  sup  on  the  life's 
blood  of  the  workingman.  It  would  be  equal  justice 
to  all  men. 

The  constitution  of  the  United  States  went  into  op- 
eration on  the  4th  of  March,  .1879.  New  York  was  the 
seat  of  government ;  Washington  was  chosen  first  pres- 
ident, and  John  Adams,  vice  president.  They  took 
their  seats  on  the  30th  of  April,  1789.  The  debts  of 
the  old  confederate  government,  and  the  debts  of  the 
States,  were  all  assumed  by  the  United  States.  A 
Bank  of  the  United  States,  which  went  into  operation 
in  February,  1 794,  after  the  model  of  the  bank  of  Eng- 
land. A  mint  was  established  at  Philadelphia.  The 
bank  was  opposed  by  Jefferson,  and  advocated  by  Ham- 
ilton, the  Monarchist.  The  debts  of  the  states  were 
assumed,  to  enable  speculators  to  make  money  in  buy- 
ing up  these  bonds,  they  being  advised  that  such  a  law 
would  be  passed ;  they  buy  them  at  a  great  discount, 
and  get/^r  for  them,  of  the  government,  and  also  for 
the  foundation  of  the  United  States  Bank;  that  is  so 
the  bank  could  have  bonds  for  banking  upon.  So  the 
Federals  started  the  British  system  of  slavery,  which 
they  have  adhered  to  ever  since.     While  the   United 


374  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

States  Bank  and  Bank  of  North  America  were  in  ex- 
istence, there  were  but  few  other  banks  in  the  United 
States,  but  after  awhile  they  sprang  up  like  mush- 
rooms. But  they  were  different  banks.  There  was  a 
general  law  for  to  regulate  them.  The  banker  or  stock- 
holders paid  in  the  capital  of  the  bank,  and  had  bills 
printed  and  signed,  and  were  ready  to  discount  notes. 
Soon  they  had  a  safety  fund  for  the  security  of  the  bill- 
holder.  That  is,  each  bank  paid  in  a  certain  part  of 
the  fund,  and  that  fund  was  to  secure  the  bill-holders. 
Van  Buren,  we  think,  was  the  inventor  of  that  scheme. 
Then  that  was  too  slow  for  many  knaves.  They  con- 
trived something  they  could  make  more  out  of.  State 
stocks  were  deposited  with  the  controller,  and  bills 
taken  from  him  like  the  United  States  Bank;  and  that 
did  not  satisfy  all.  A  law  was  passed  that  mortgages  on 
real  estate  could  be  deposited  with  the  controller,  and 
bank  bills  taken  for  the  mortgages,  and  banking  start- 
ed in  that  manner.  You  will  perceive  that  in  the  first 
case  they  received  interest  on  the  State  bonds  and  on 
the  bills,  so  they  received  double  interest.  In  the  sec- 
ond case,  they  had  the  use  of  the  real  estate  that  was 
mortgaged,  and  received  interest  on  the  bills  they  re- 
ceived from  the  controller.  So  that  in  both  cases  they 
received  double  profit.  And  the  people,  blind  to  their 
interest,  let  the  frauds  proceed  to  their  end.  Many 
bursted,  and  they  had  to  be  consigned  to  the  commis- 
sioners to  wind  up. 

We  will  say  a  few  more  words  about  the  Bank  of 
Amsterdam  ;  it  was  an  honest  system  of  banking  ;  as 
much  as  $15,000,000  in  coin  and  bullion  at  times  was 
in  the  bank.  The  managers,  no  doubt,  saw  how  they 
could  issue  bogus  certificates,  and  make  money  out 
of  the  system.  But  it  was  managed  by  honest  men ; 
they  would  not  do  any  such  act.  But  another  people 
without  conscience,  honor,  or  integrity  soon  availed 
themselves  of  the  profits  of  the  present  fraudulent 
system.  The  atrocious  aristocratic  drones  of  Eng- 
land were  the  first  to  inaugurate  the  nefarious  bank- 
ing system  of    the  i)resent  age  ;  it  is   the  consumma- 


BANKING.  375 

tion  of  financial  villainy.  None  but  an  egregious  vil- 
lain would  concoct  such  a  nefarious  scheme  ;  an  hon- 
est man  would  not  harbor  the  thought  of  practicing 
the  scheme  for  a  moment;  it  is  one  of  the  many 
schemes  of  the  infamous  aristocracy  to  make  the  rich 
man  richer  and  the  poor  man  poorer.  Another  swindle 
the  banks  practice  on  the  people.  A  man  has  a  note 
of  ;^i,ooo  discounted  at  a  bank  for  six  months,  at  eight 
per  cent.  The  bank  takes  out  the  interest  on  the 
note,  $40,  and  gives  the  maker  of  the  note  $960,  and 
robs  him  of  the  interest  on  $4.0  for  six  months.  Such 
is  aristocracy — cheating  and  swindling.  The  first 
United  States  bank  was  chartered  in  1792,  and  the 
charter  run  out  in  1812.  It  was  chartered  again  in  18 16, 
and  expired  in  1836.  The  charter  was  each  time  for 
twenty  years.  In  1832  the  bank  applied  for  a  charter 
again.  Congress  passed  a  bill  granting  it  a  charter.  An- 
drew Jackson  was  president  at  the  time,  and  he  vetoed 
the  bill  granting  the  bank  a  charter.  The  bank  tried  to 
pass  it  by  a  two-thirds  majority,  but  it  failed.  The 
bank  afterwards  applied  to  the  legislature  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  received  a  charter.  Before  this  there  had 
been  a  continual  war  between  the  bank  and  president 
Jackson,  and  the  bank  failed  entirely  by  degrees,  so 
that  the  stock  was  worth  sej'^o.  We  think  the  gov- 
ernment received  the  $7,000,000  stock  it  had  in  the 
bank,  and  we  think  the  remaining  $30,000,000  was 
spent  in  the  political  war  with  the  champion  presi- 
dent, Old  Hickory.  It  may  be  that  the  government 
had  but  $5,000,000  of  stock  in  the  bank.  Such  are 
the  ways  of  an  infernal  aristocracy;  always  waging 
war  against  the  people.  But  they  are  destined  to  be 
obliterated,  to  become  extinct ;  and,  workingman  do 
your  duty ;  attend  to  your  interest ;  do  not  be  an 
egregious  simpleton.  Be  wise  as  serpents,  and  as 
harmless  as  doves,  and  the  government  will  be  in  your 
possession. 

A  man  who  is  in  favor  of  justice  to  all  must  oppose 
the  present  banking  system  of  the  United  States. 
The  people  in  Jacksonian  times   were  opposed  to  the 


376  THE  workingman's  guide. 

old  hydra,  the  United  States  Bank,  with  a  capital  of 
thirty-five  millions.  But  the  black  Republican  war 
brought  a  venal  and  mercenary  and  infamous  and  in- 
fernal pack  of  thieves  to  the  surface,  and  they  lied 
themselves  into  office,  and  they  made  the  South  crazy, 
so  they  struck  for  war.  They  irritated  and  provoked 
the  South,  so  they  did  a  foolish  thing — declared  war. 
Just  what  the  infernals  had  been  working  for  them  to 
do,  and  just  what  the  brutes  liked.  They  wanted  an 
opportunity  to  rob  the  people,  and  now  they  had  their 
wish  they  had  yearned  for  many  years.  Now  they 
were  in  their  glory.  Their  exultation  cannot  be  des- 
cribed. They  called  themselves  Union  men.  They 
lied.  If  they  had  been  Union  men,  the  war  would  not 
have  happened.  The  war  Governor  of  New  York, 
Horatio  Seymour,  said  it  could  easily  have  been  avert- 
ed. If  the  black  Republicans  had  any  sense  of  honor 
or  any  feeling  in  their  composition,  or  any  justice  in 
their  organization,  or  if  they  had  souls — even  if  they 
were  insignificant  and  scrubby  souls — the  war  would 
have  been  averted.  But  they  wanted  blood  and  booty, 
plunder,  pillage,  filthy  lucre,  and  they  cared  not  how 
they  acquired  it.  And  they  wanted  revenge  on  the 
South  for  being  in  favor  of  a  tariff  for  revenue.  They 
wanted  to  lash  them  with  the  tails  of  scorpions.  They 
wished  to  give  them^<9-9i- — to  reduce  them  to  bondage. 
Free  negroes  and  white  slaves  suit  them.  We  heard 
a  good  black  aristocrat  say  South  Carolina  should 
have  its  white  population  exterminated,  and  the  State 
given  to  the  negroes,  and  he  was  a  good  specimen  of 
the  black  Republican.  They  hate  the  South.  Aris- 
tocracy hates  any  one  who  is  liberal  in  politics.  They 
hate  a  man  who  is  honest  in  politics,  and  we  tell  you 
they  hate  a  good  Democrat.  They  have  no  concep- 
tion of  a  man  being  honest  in  politics.  One  of  their 
leaders  said,  "All  is  fair  in  j)olitics";  another  said 
"  Let  the  Union  slide";  another  said  the  constitution 
was  not  worth  as  much  as  a  blank  sheet  of  paper,  as  a 
better  one  could  be  written  on  it;  another  said  it  was 
a  union  with   Satan;  and  the  one  of  no  soul,  who  de- 


BANKING.  377 

stroyed  ^ico,ooo,ooo  worth  of  property  in  one  cam- 
paign, and  said :  "  The  Democrats  have  no  rights  that 
the  Repubhcans  are  morally  or  legally  bound  to  re- 
spect." The  Washington  monument  should  swing 
him. 

The  banking  system  gives  advantages  to  a  few  over 
the  many  ;  those  who  have  the  banks  give  extra  favors 
to  their  friends,  and  thereby  control  an  undue  influence 
to  the  banker.  The  banker  having  some  extra  ad- 
vantages will  be  inclined  to  ask  for  more.  You  give 
an  aristocrat  a  trifle,  and  he  will  think  he  is  entitled  to 
a  mickle  ;  in  fact,  no  extra  privileges  should  be  allowed 
to  any  person  by  government;  all  should  be  served 
alike  ;  as  much  as  can  be  done.  The  present  system  of 
banking  is  a  partial  system,  was  organized  to  create  a 
power  expressly  by  aristocracy.  The  government  gets 
little  or  nothing  by  it.  It  is  confined  to  a  few,  and 
they  make  extra  profits  by  it.  It  was  organized  for 
the  purpose  of  making  the  rich  man  richer,  and  every 
voter  must  know  that  money  is  only  made  by  labor ; 
and  if  any  person  or  persons  make  money  by  schem- 
ing and  class  legislation,  without  labor,  it  must  eventu- 
ally come  out  of  the  community  who  labor  at  some  oc- 
cupation, and  the  weakest  will  have  to  bear  most  of  it, 
or  more  than  he  can  carry.  So,  then,  it  will  make  the 
poor  poorer.  So  the  men  heavily  in  debt  will  be  of 
the  first  to  go  down  the  flume.  And  if  you  take  pains 
to  notice,  you  will  see  some  heavy-loaded  give  out  by 
the  way,  and  you  will  see  also  the  gull-catcher  watching 
to  nip  those  unfortunate  subjects,  and  the  sharper 
watches  the  lame  ducks  as  a  hawk  does  a  chicken. 
Many  a  man  has  been  induced  to  borrow  by  outsiders, 
and  when  he  is  in  a  corner  no  one  will  help  him ;  the 
rich  knaves  work  into  each  other's  hands,  and  they 
agree  that  such  a  gull-catcher  shall  take  such  a  gull, 
and  instead  of  helping  him,  they  will  push  him  in  the 
current,  and  he  goes  down  the  flume.  Now,  these 
scamps  have  no  more  feeling  for  a  human  being  in  a 
tight  place  than  a  coyote  has  for  a  stray  lamb.  They 
have  no  souls  ;  and  the  banking  system  assists  them 


^yS  THE  workingman's  guide. 

in  their  tartarean  business.  So  they  of  no  souls  are 
for  the  present  banking  system.  We  have  given  the 
best  system  that  can  be  discovered.  The  greenbackers 
want  the  government  to  loan  money  ;  this  will  not  do, 
and  every  sensible  man  knows  it.  The  government 
can  easily  furnish  the  currency  ;  then  the  people  will 
have  the  benefit  of  the  interest  indirectly.  We  think 
if  you  examine  closely,  it  will  appear  that  the  green- 
backers  are  on  the  wrong  track.  We  will  show  that 
third  parties  are  the  work  of  the  evil  spirit  most  always, 
and  any  body  can  look  back  and  see  what  good  the 
voters  did  in  voting  for  infamous  third  parties.  It  was 
a  trap  to  catch  Democratic  voters.  Do  not  be  fooled 
by  those  infernal  and  infamous  scamps. 

The  bankers  of  a  country  have  the  power  to  make 
good  and  easy  times,  or  hard  times.  The  banking 
system  which  we  propose  will  be  a  remedy  for  that,  as 
the  bankers  will  need  no  coin  or  bullion.  They  can 
pay  out  their  last  cent,  and  the  government  keeping 
^150,000,000  coin  and  bullion,  will  be  able  to  meet  any 
emergency.  This  will  be  the  best  system  that  can  be 
devised,  and  no  other  paper  money  should  be  allowed. 
The  same  as  now,  no  coin  but  government  coin  is  al- 
lowed. Mind,  the  bill  must  be  taken  for  revenue. 
Greenbackers,  now  is  your  time.  Go  for  it.  Work- 
ingmen,  all  as  one,  go  for  it.  The  cursed,  infernal,  in- 
famous, venal,  vicious,  villainous,  and  viperous  aristoc- 
racy will  oppose  it ;  they  think  that  they  must  have 
all.  We  say  again,  Do  not  listen  to  them.  What 
sense  is  there  in  talking  or  listening  to  a  liar,  and  a 
thief,  and  a  robber  ?  Give  him  the  cold  shoulder,  and 
go  for  the  new  and  perfect  system.  When  the  black 
Republicans  became  well  seated  in  power,  they  passed 
a  bank  bill.  What  kind  of  a  bank  bill  do  you  suppose 
it  was  ?  Just  such  a  bill  as  "  Old  Hickory  "  Jackson 
vetoed;  just  such  a  bill  as  John  Tyler  vetoed;  just 
such  a  bill  as  ^/le  old  Fcderalinfcrnals passed.  All  the 
difference,  they  have  hundreds  got  up  instead  of  one^ 
as  the  old  bank  way.  That  showed  the  cloven  foot ; 
that  proved  the  aristocratic  tendency.     Yes,  more  than 


BANKING    AND    BRITISH    SLAVERY,  379 

that,  it  showed  their  identity  with  Federalism;  and  they 
give  the  land  away,  just  the  same  as  British  aristocracy 
has  done.  Who  can  have  the  effrontery  and  cheek  to 
say  that  the  black  Republicans  are  not  aristocrats  ? 
Two  animals  are  in  a  stable.  They  have  heads,  ears, 
necks,  shoulders,  bodies,  legs  ;  eat  the  same  food,  have 
the  same  gait  and  speed  ;  are  alike  in  every  particular. 
One  is  brought  out  and  exhibited.  All  the  people  say: 
'•  He  is  a  horse."  No  one  says,  "  No."  Then  the  oth- 
er one  is  brought  out,  and  many  say  "  Why,  that  also 
is  a  horse."  "  No,"  say  the  black  Republican  liars, 
and  thieves,  and  robbers,  four  millions  strong  ;  "  it  is 
not  a  horse,  we  will  swear  it  is  not  a  horse."  So  it  is 
with  the  black  Republican  aristocrat.  He  does  exact- 
ly like  the  old  Federal  aristocrat.  The  honest  men  of 
sense  and  truth  say  that  he  is  a  Federal  aristocrat. 
"  No,"  say  the  four  million  infernal  and  diabolical  de- 
mons, "he  is  not  a  Federal  aristocrat,  we  will  swear  he 
is  not  a  Federal  aristocrat."  So  it  is  with  Federal 
aristocracy.  They  deny  their  forefathers,  their  progen- 
itors. We  all  know  that  they  are  the  progeny  of  Fed- 
eralism. All  the  difference  is  that  the  black  Republi- 
cans deny  their  principles,  but  they  have  them_  brand- 
ed in  their  organizations  ;  but  as  they  have  no  souls, 
they  deny  the  plain  fact. 


CHAPTER  XXin. 

BANKING    AND  BRITISH  SLAVERY. 

We  know  something  about  the  lying,  thieving  aris- 
tocracy, and  we  know  that  they  have  improved  in  the 
art  of  lying.  Practice  makes  perfect.  A  lying  black 
Republican  said  that  the  laborer  in  the  factories  got 
80  per  cent,  of  the  products  of  the  factories  of  the 
United  States  for  his  labor,  and  the  credulous  simple- 
tons believed  it.  The  black  Republicans  are  a  different 
set  of  men  from  the  Democrats ;  they  believe  all  their 
masters  say  ;  they  are  barbarians ;  they  have  not  yet 


380  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

evolved  to  the  plane  the  Democrats  have,  and  the  pres- 
ent lackeys  and  understrappers,  who  do  as  their  officers 
tell  them  to,  will  never  come  up  to  the  perfection  of 
the  democrats.  The  democracy  is  a  superior  political 
organization ;  many  cannot  see  it,  but  it  is  plain. 
Democracy  is  honesty  in  politics,  and  if  a  man  is  a 
knave,  he  will  not  embrace  pure  democracy ;  he  can- 
not ;  it  is  not  in  his  organization.  These  infernal 
blacks  will  have  to  die  out  and  become  extinct.  Death 
only  will  be  the  remedy  for  their  political  villainy. 
This  is  a  new  idea  to  the  ignorant  politician.  The 
aristocrat  cannot  see  it ;  he  does  not  believe  that  an 
intelligent  man  can  be  a  pure  Democrat ;  all  he  be- 
lieves in  is  lying,  and  robbing,  and  stealing  from  the 
people.  The  infernal  old  Federal  scamps  did  not  be- 
lieve that  Jefferson  was  a  pure  Democrat.  They  were 
too  degraded  and  debased  and  debauched  to  believe 
he  was  holier  than  they ;  but  we  are  satisfied  that  Jef- 
ferson was  an  honest  and  sincere  Democrat.  The  in- 
ternals have  grown  rich  by  stealing  the  honest  earn- 
ings of  the  people.  "  See  the  lilies  of  the  field  ;  they 
toil  not,  neither  do  they  spin  ;  yet  Solomon  in  all  his 
glory  was  not  arrayed  like  one  of  these."  So  we  see 
that  we  fools  let  the  knave  who  does  no  labor  take  the 
fruits  of  our  toil.  What  say  you,  workingman  ?  shall 
we  retrace  our  steps,  and  do  what  is  for  our  honest 
welfare  and  happiness  }  We  say  that  we  have  been 
tools  of  fools  too  long;  now  let  us  mend  our  ways, 
and  not  fool  the  fruits  of  our  labor  away.  But,  says 
the  four  millions  strong,  who  do  the  bidding  of  the 
knaves  right  or  wrong,  W^e  cannot  see  where  the 
stealing  comes  in.  Did  we  not  show  that  in  ancient 
times  the  infernal  aristocracy  took  nearly  all  the  land, 
and  rented  it  to  the  poor  man.  Where  did  he  get  the 
right  to  hold  the  land.''  he  stole  it;  he  had  no  right 
to  it ;  and  yet  he  made  the  poor  man  pay  for  the  use 
of  it.  And  did  he  not  enslave  prisoners,  white  men 
taken  in  war?  And  did  he  not  steal  negroes  and  en- 
slave them.''   But  he  has  a  better  thing  now. 

The  infernal,  odious,  and  infamous   black  Republi- 


BANKING    AND    BRITISH    SLAVERY.  38 1 

can  ring  is  the  greatest  that  ever  existed  in  any  coun- 
try ;  they  are  all  thieves,  and  liars,  and  swindlers ;  they 
are  first  composed  of  monarchists,  and  there  is  quite 
a  number  of  them  ;  they  are  the  followers  of  Alexan- 
der Hamilton.  Jefferson  says  he  was  a  monarchist, 
and  he  is  the  very  best  of  authority.  I  have  heard 
quite  a  number  say,  we  should  have  a  king  ;  and  they 
say  that  is  the  best  government;  and  next,  many  who 
want  the  president  for  life ;  that  was  the  old  Federal 
doctrine.  President  for  life,  and  the  black  Republi- 
cans hold  to  it  in  this  day  ;  that  is,  the  four  millions 
strong.  We  have  interviewed  many,  and  are  satisfied 
that  the  four  millions  would  go  for  that  any  day  ;  their 
masters  wanted  them  to.  We  know  what  we  say,  and 
say  again  that  there  is  a  powerful  party  in  these 
United  States  who  are  Federalists  ;  that  party  never 
has  become  extinct,  and  we  say  positively  a  large  ma- 
jority of  the  internals  are  Federalists.  We  would  ask 
the  dissenter  to  this  opinion,  Why  do  they  so  persist- 
ently oppose  the  Democratic  party;  it  must  be  on  ac- 
count of  opposition  in  principle;  and  if  any  man  hates 
the  Democratic  principle  he  must  like  the  opposite. 
All  men  know  that  the  Democratic  principle  is  the 
principle  of  the  country;  and  the  government  always 
has  been,  and  any  party  that  opposes  it  straight  along- 
must  do  it,  because  they  believe  in  an  opposite  princi- 
ple ;  and  here  we  have  a  party  that  can  be  traced  back 
to  Federalism  for  one  hundred  years.  But  by  their 
fruits  you  shall  know  them.  A  tree  is  known  by  its 
fruits.  It  is  true,  th*y  have  had  many  names ;  that 
proves  their  infernal  bad  character ;  they  were  so  infa- 
mous, and  degraded,  and  debased,  that  they  soon  dis- 
graced a  name.  And  you  may  change  a  name  of  a 
beast,  and  call  it  by  some  other  name,  and  most  cer- 
tainly it  will  be  the  same  brute  still.  So  with  Federal 
aristocracy ;  it  is  the  same  to-day,  yesterday,  last  year, 
and  a  hundred  years  ago ;  and  they  opposed  every  re- 
form that  the  party  of  the  country  have  offered.  The 
Democracy,  which  have  stood  by  the  country  and  its 
name  from    the  beginning,  it   is   the  party  that   has 


382  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

made  the  country  ;  that  has  vindicated  it.  But  says 
the  four  millions  of  thieves,  How  was  it  in  the  last 
war  ?  We  answer,  The  Democrats  fought  the  battles 
of  the  civil  war ;  more  Democrats  were  in  the  army  than 
there  were  black  imps.  The  infernals  are  for  war,  but 
they  do  not  do  the  fighting;  they  sneak  out  as  their 
candidate  for  president  did  ;  he  did  not  take  a  hand 
in  the  fratricidal  strife. 

It  is  plain  that  the  black  Republican  party  is  the 
same  old  Federal  beast ;  the  same  principles,  and  that 
tells  what  a  party  is.  Those  principles  have  been 
given  ;  but  we  will  vivisect  the  infernal,  infamous,  un- 
just, unfeeling  and  inhuman  beast.  First,  one  hun- 
dred thousand  ofiBce-holders  and  one  million  oflfice- 
seekers,  pensioners,  bankers,  as  they  are  mostly  Fed- 
eral aristocrats ;  railroad  men,  as  they  are  most  all 
black  Republican  infernals  ;  manufacturers,  as  they  are 
most  all  liars  and  black  Republican  thieves ;  land  mo- 
nopolists, as  they  are  nearly  all  black  Republican  in- 
fernal aristocratic  Federal  monopolists,  as  they  know 
who  are  their  advocates  and  friends.  They  have  no 
souls,  poor  imps  !  The  demon  calculates  on  their  as- 
sistance. The  friends  of  the  foregoing  infernals : 
Those  who  are  proud  that  they  have  a  little  filthy  lu- 
cre and  go  with  the  rich,  poor,  silly  simpletons ;  they 
have  too  little  brains  to  have  any  principles.  We  know 
several  such  silly  gulls.  Fanatics,  who  play  into  the 
odious  imps'  hands.  They  have  but  a  few  ounces  of 
brains  ;  and  drones  who  feed  on  the  crumbs  that  fall 
from  the  table  of  the  obnoxious  alid  flagitious,  codfish, 
ignorant  aristocracy.  Those  assume  the  dress  and  ac- 
tions of  the  infernal  scamps,  but  have  no  souls.  They 
believe  in  appearances  and  style.  They  have  no  sense 
nor  reason.  They  cannot  be  surpassed  in  stolidity 
and  foppishness.  And  the  many  parasites  the  vile  and 
Stygian  imps  harbor  in  their  premises.  We  have 
heard  poor  mortals,  poor  as  a  parasite,  express  them- 
selves in  favor  of  monarchy.  Many  poor  men  are  in 
favor  of  monarchy.  So  in  aristocracy,  any  person  who 
is  in  favor  of  an  aristocracy  is  an  aristocrat.     He  may 


I 


BANKING    AND    BRITISH    SLAVERY.  383 

be  as  poor  as  a  church  mouse.  Now,  in  this  country 
there  are  many  poor  aristocrats.  We  pity  those  poor 
souls  ;  they  are  slaves,  they  are  hewers  of  wood  for  the 
rich  ;  they  have  no  brains,  and  therefore,  cannot  think. 
Miserable  tools,  it  is  a  pity !  They  are  a  damage  to 
their  race.  They  belong  to  the  four  million  strong, 
who  do  not  know  or  care  what  is  right  or  wrong. 
They  are  of  no  use  to  themselves  nor  anyone  else,  good 
for  nothing  implements;  but  the  fools  serve  the  inter- 
nals at  the  polls.  The  sooner  they  become  extinct 
the  better.  Nature  will  get  rid  of  them  by  degrees. 
They  will  go  with  the  saurians  and  mammoths,  and 
which  will  go  first,  the  aristocrat  or  the  poor  aristo- 
crat ?  They  will  go  together,  and  so  they  will  have 
company.  Sad  to  think  of  so  much  human  flesh  go- 
ing to  waste ;  glad  to  think  that  but  little  brains  go 
to  waste.  It  is  a  useful  substance,  and  is  most  all 
utilized.  The  poor  black  Republican  is  not  troubled 
with  that  ingredient;  he  is  7ion  compos  menlis ;  he  is 
a  simpleton. 

The  rich  in  this  country  are  ignorant,  they  are  a 
codfish  aristocracy,  a  venal,  mercenary  and  degraded  in- 
fernals.  They  are  occupied  too  much  in  worshipping 
their  god.  Mammon,  and  they  do  not  care  for  anything 
but  money;  that  is  the  reason  they  are  illiterate,  and 
they  are  aware  of  it.  If  they  have  any  question  in  law, 
politics,  religion,  or  intricate  business  matter,  they  go 
to  their  superior  in  education  ;  so  they  remain  ignor- 
ant ;  all  they  know  is  dollars  and  cents.  They  know 
how  to  rob,  steal  and  plunder,  and  then  they  often  go 
to  some  one  who  has  brains  to  do  it;  and  as  they  have 
stolen  a  pile,  they  have  the  money  to  pay,  and  some 
poor  unfortunate  has  to  pay  the  bill.  And  we  can 
plainly  see  how  they  can  steal  more  and  more.  A  thous- 
and dollars  stolen  assists  them  to  steal,  and  they  can  af- 
ford to  buy  votes,  and  pay  $500,  and  steal  $5000  more. 
So  the  more  they  steal,  the  more  they  can  and  do  plun- 
der the  people;  and  if  we  do  not  attend  to  our  interests, 
the}'-  will  have  nearly  all  the  money  in  the  country  ; 
and  the  more  they  steal,  the  more  they  can  hire  brains 


384  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

to  assist  them.  There  is  not  an  honest  man  who  is 
intelligent  among  them.  An  honest  man  cannot  steal, 
and  rob  his  fellow-creatures,  he  could  not  do  that  and 
live  long ;  if  he  remained  honest,  his  consciene  would 
torment  him,  so  he  would  waste  away  and  die.  So 
there  are  no  honest  and  intelligent  men  in  that  organi- 
zation. You  would  not  expect  to  find  an  honest  man 
in  Pandemonium.  If  you  would  look  for  one  there  it 
would  be  the  height  of  folly  ;  he  could  not  get  there, 
and  he  could  not  live  if  he  stayed  there,  no  more  than 
a  coyote  could  live  continually  in  water;  he  would  be 
out  of  his  element.  So  you  now  can  see  why  an  aris- 
tocrat robs,  steals  and  plunders;  they  have  always  done 
so,  and  now  it  is  their  nature ;  long  continuation  of 
habit  makes  it  secondary  nature,  and  it  becomes  an 
instinct.  So  it  is  an  instinct  for  the  Black  Republican 
aristocrat  to  lie,  swindle,  cheat,  plunder,  steal  and  rob 
his  fellow-being  ;  he  has  always  done  it,  and  always  will. 
But  if  you  hearken  to  us,  we  will  stop  the  brute  in  his 
business.  Read  the  first  300  pages  again,  and  you  will 
be  satisfied  what  the  brute  has  done,  and  you  will  be 
convinced  that  we  have  proved  what  we  said  we  would 
do.  Now  we  say  that  the  stygian  monsters  have  gone 
far  enough,  and  it  is  time  to  play  another  hand.  When 
we  asked  the  fanatical  Black  Republican,  if  the  aris- 
tocracy had  always  stolen  from  the  people,  he  said  yes, 
and  then  we  asked  him  when  they  had  quit  doing  so ; 
he  answered  they  had  not  quit  it.  He  told  the  truth. 
The  foul  aristocracy  opposed  the  government,  keep- 
ing their  own  money.  That  was  the  independent 
treasury.  It  looks  strange  to  us  that  the  government 
did  not  keep  its  own  money,  and  how  could  it  be  that 
a  set  of  men  should  insist  on  keeping  the  government 
funds.  So  it  was  for  more  than  forty  years  the  codfish 
infernal  aristocracy  had  the  control  of  the  money  of 
the  government,  and  when  they  wanted  their  money 
they  had  to  ask  the  infamous  aristocracy  for  it,  and 
they  refused  to  give  it.  Strange  it  looks  to  an  honest 
and  sensible  person,  that  there  are  many  persons,  a 
national  party,  who  are    laboring  to  make  an  aristoc- 


BANKING    AND    BRITISH    SLAVERY.  385 

racy  rich  out  of  the  people,  but  such  is  the  fact.     They 
have  a  ring  who  they  pay  in  various  v/ays,  but  more 
than  half  of  them  are  kept  in  that  infernal  party  by  par- 
ty spirit  only.     Can  it  be  possible  that  so  many  people 
would    rob    themselves  and  the    other  party,  say  rob 
their   friends  and   neighbors  and  themselves,  to  keep 
up  a  party  ?    And  they  know  they  are  enriching  a  few 
thieves,  and  making  thieves   of  themselves  to  gratify 
party  spirit.      Infatuated  fanaticism!     But  such  is' the 
fact.     We   pity  the  poor  man    who  votes  to  enrich  a 
few  men,  and  continues  to  do  so  when  it  is  enslaving 
him  and  posterity;  and  he  gets  nothing,  but  he  can 
say,  "  My  party  wins;  glorious  old  party  !   I  belong  to 
the  party  that  had  the  most  rich  men."     We  have  had 
men  tell   us  so ;    fools  that    they  were.     But    that    is 
black  Republicanism.      It  scarcely  appears  likely  that 
men  should  act  so.     Bzi^  we  tell  you  positively  it  is  so, 
andwe  willprove  it.     We  have  proved  that  aristocra- 
cy is  the  Bohon   Upas  of  the  world,  that  they  are  the 
enemy  of  their  race,  that  they  rob  and  steal  from  the 
people,  that    they  break  up  good  families,  impoverish 
the  people,  make  millions  of    paupers,  that  they  may 
roll    in  luxury  and   magnificence  ;   make  thousands  of 
dear  children  cry  for  bread,  and  millions  of  people  suf- 
fer hunger  and  starvation,  and   millions  working  for 
ten  cents  a  day.     This  is  the  present  state  of  the  world, 
and  it  has  been  brought  about  by  this  infernal  and  in- 
human, infamous  and  brutal  aristocracy.       We  have 
proved  that  aristocracy  is  the  same  as  P^ederalism,  and 
we  have  proved  that  black  Republicanism  is  the  same 
as  Federalism,  and  by  the  first    axiom  in   geometry, 
things  that    are  equal  to  the  same  thing  are  equal  to 
one  another.     So  aristocracy  is  the  same  as  black  Re- 
publicanism ;  all  three  beasts  are  the  same  in  politics; 
all    nothing    but    robbing,  plundering,    cheating   and 
stealing. 

The  tariff  on  goods  averages  about  forty-five  per 
cent.  The  manufacturers  made  forty-seven  per  cent, 
in  i860,  forty-six  per  cent,  in  1870,  and  the  liars  say 
they  made  thirty-seven  per  cent,  in  1880.   Why  should 


386  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

they  make  less?  The  tariff  was  higher  in  1880,  and 
machinery  more  perfect.  It  is  false  ;  they  made  all  of 
fifty  per  cent.  But  as  all  these  figures  are  their  own, 
we  will  take  them,  and  condemn  the  scamps  by  their 
own  figures.  We  say,  they  have  done  with  the  profits 
of  the  factories  as  they  have  done  with  the  railroads ; 
lied  about  their  cost  and  capital.  We  asked  a  black 
Republican  if  he  thought  a  man  was  a  good  citizen  who 
upheld  the  factories  in  taking  forty-seven,  forty-six  and 
thirty-seven  per  cent,  out  of  the  people  on  their  capital, 
when  the  people  did  average  probably  less  than 
three  per  cent.  He  said  he  was  not  a  good  citizen. 
The  dupe  of  aristocracy  told  the  truth,  and  there  is  a 
small  ray  of  hope  for  him  ;  he  may  possibly  turn  from 
the  evil  of  his  ways,  of  assisting  robbers  and  thieves,  and 
work  for  the  good  of  his  family,  and  posterity,  and  liber- 
ty, instead  of  working  to  enslave  himself,  and  children, 
and  the  rising  generation.  But  it  is  one  of  the  hardest 
things  in  politics  for  a  black  Republican  to  overcome 
his  spirit  of  party.  The  aristocrat  hates  the  working- 
man.  He  wants  to  bring  you  down  to  the  level  of 
the  British  pauper;  he  despises  the  workingman.  He 
wishes  to  enslave  you ;  that  is  what  he  is  working  for, 
getting  all  the  property  in  a  few  men's  hands ;  then 
your  hands  are  shackled,  and  then  he  can  take  the 
iDallot  from  you ;  that  is  what  he  is  working  for.  O 
fool  of  fools,  to  let  the  robber  take  your  goods  and  not 
try  to  stop  him.  And  the  four  millions  would  let  the 
infernals  take  the  ballot  from  them,  so  as  to  have  it 
taken  from  you  ;  he  would  be  a  slave  himself  so  as  to 
enslave  the  good  democrat.  We  know  them.  Do  not 
let  the  thievish  codfish  aristocracy  get  any  more  of 
your  money  by  lying,  stealing,  robbing  and  plundering. 
We  say,  Look  out  that  you  get  your  rights,  it  is  time 
that  you  got  them,  you  never  had  your  rights.  The 
Democrats  gave  the  workingman  a  vote.  The  aristo- 
crat (black  Republican)  opposed  it  as  he  did  every  im- 
provement. What  kind  of  government  did  the  infer- 
nal Federals  want.^  Do  not  think  that  is  long  ago; 
men  arc  now  living  who  lived  then,  and  a  man's  age  is 


BANKING    AND    BRITISH    SLAVERY.  387 

but  a  trifle  in  government.  Do  not  use  your  vote  to 
kill  the  Democrats  who  gave  it  to  you,  but  kill  the  aris- 
tocratic scamp  who  did  not  want  to  give  you  that 
right.  Beware  that  you  do  not  be  fooled  by  that  dia- 
bolic and  Stygian  aristocratic  scamp. 

Who  can  solve  such  infatuation,  that  a  poor  man,  as 
naked  as  a  plucked  chicken,  would  ever  be  such  a 
blind  and  unreasonable  partisan,  as  to  be  in  favor  of 
depriving  himself  of  a  vote.f*  That  a  poor  working 
man  should  have  such  an  intense  attachment  to  an 
unprincipled  pack  of  man-eaters,  and  thieves,  and  rob- 
bers, and  soulless  codfish  aristocracy,  as  to  labor  to 
enslave  himself,  by  depriving  himself  of  the  ballot. 
But  we  have  seen  men  do  that,  who  were  in  want  of 
food  and  apparel  for  their  families.  How  it  can  be  is 
strange  indeed,  but  we  have  certainly  seen  it.  A 
Black  Republican  of  the  four  million  strong  will  give 
his  all  to  the  lying,  stygian,  thieving  aristocracy.  This 
is  strange;  a  free  man  trying  to  make  himself  a  slave. 
But  a  fool  Black  Republican  is  determined  to  do  so, 
but  we  think  he  will  fail.  The  men  of  sense  and  rea- 
son will  put  down  this  carnivorous,  infernal  aristocracy 
and  the  cannibals  will  retire  on  no  pay.  These  silly 
gulls  are  a  great  detriment  to  the  country,  that  is, 
those  who  work  against  their  own  welfare  and  for  the 
interest  of  an  infernal,  tartarean  and  robbing  aristocra- 
cy. What  we  find  most  fault  with,  that  the  egregious 
simpleton  steals  from  other  honest  and  good  men,  and 
gives  it  to  those  who  have  stolen  millions  before.  Sad 
predicament  we  are  in,  thousands  of  thieves  around 
us.  The  Democratic  working  man  knows  that  he  is 
robbed.  In  the  first  place  he  gets  about  half  the  wag- 
es he  should  have,  and  in  the  second  place  he  has  to 
pay  double  for  what  he  buys.  We  would  say  to  him, 
buy  cheap,  that  is  a  fortune  in  a  life  time.  The  aris- 
tocrat thief  lives  out  of  your  labor;  we  will  tell  you  the 
remedy  for  that.  The  aristocrat  spends,  in  parties, 
tens  of  thousands  of  dollars.  He  does  not  care ;  he 
steals  it.  His  wife  wears  a  dress,  costs  five  thousand, 
and  her  jewelry  is  worth  thousands.     That  is  nothing 


388  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

to  him,  he  steals  it,  and  gets  more  stolen  money  every 
day.  He  sets  a  bad  example  for  the  community,  and 
thousands  of  men  are  broken,  by  trying  to  follow  his 
ways  of  luxury  and  extravagance.  Do  not  strive  to 
follow  his  example,  working  man.  It  will  ruin  you, 
because  you  work  for  your  money.  The  aristocrat  he 
can  afford  it,  he  steals  his  money.  Plain  living  only 
can  be  borne  by  the  working  man.  Do  not  follow 
the  example  of  the  thief;  you  cannot.  Thousands 
have  been  broken  up  by  trying  to  follow  the  infernal 
thief,  and  their  children  are  crying  for  bread.  We 
would  say  to  the  working  man's  family.  Do  not  notice 
the  infernal  thief  nor  his  family,  '•  he  thief  buys  a 
carriage,  the  poor  buys  one  too.  The  drone  buys  a 
silk  dress  for  his  wife  ;  the  poor  man  does  ;  he  is 
ruined. 

The  poor  man,  who  is  an  aristocrat,  is  an  egregious 
fool ;  he  gets  nothing  for  stealing,  and  giving  it  to  a 
class  who  hate  him.  It  is  with  the  drone  like  this. 
We  hate  the  rattlesnake  when  it  is  at  liberty,  but  when 
we  have  him  caged  perfectly  secure,  we  do  not  hate 
him  so  much  as  we  did  before.  So  the  thievish  aristo- 
crat hates  the  free  white  man,  but  when  he  has  him 
enslaved,  as  in  most  all  the  world,  and  he  has  wages 
mostly  to  his  own  pocket,  then  he  does  not  hate  him 
so  much.  So  the  free  white  Democrat  is  a  terror  to  an 
infernal  aristocrat;  he  cannot  rob  him  so  easily;  his 
ballot  is  in  the  way  of  the  scamp.  So  he  continues  to 
lie  him  out  of  the  good  of  the  ballot.  Black  Republi- 
can, you  will  be  brought  to  punishment;  there  will  be 
a  day  of  retribution.  The  people  are  finding  out  how 
all  the  poverty,  misery,  suffering,  distress,  starvation, 
pain,  grief,  and  woe  are  to  be  blamed  to  your  lying, 
thieving,  robbing,  plundering,  infernal  schemes.  You 
will  be  brought  to  the  snubbing  post,  and  your  dia- 
bolical tricks  punished.  The  ethics  of  this  book  is 
that  no  man  has  a  right  to  cheat  his  fellow  being,  and 
he  who  helps  a  thief  directly  or  indirectly  is  as  guilty 
as  the  thief,  and  the  law  holds  him  responsible  with 
the  thief.     The  infamous  black  Republicans  made  the 


BANKING    AND    BRITISH    SLAVERY.  389 

tariff  the  main  issue  in  the  last  presidential  election. 
And  it  is  surprising  how  the  people  are  in  ignorance 
on  this  topic.  We  will  have  to  take  up  some  consider- 
able space  to  explain  the  measure.  We  have  been 
grieved  to  read  some  of  the  speeches  of  the  infamous 
tartarean  villains  on  this  subject.  It  is  a  shame  to  hu- 
manity; men  running  for  high  offices  lie  shamefully. 
One  spoke  at  the  Wigwam,  in  San  Francisco  ;  said  that 
the  laboring  man*  in  the  factories  received  eighty  per 
cent,  of  the  value  of  the  products  for  his  wages  ;  and  the 
same  scamp  said  the  Democrats  were  for  free  trade, 
and  both  are  notorious  falsehoods,  and  he  knew  he  was 
lying  ;  and  the  infamous  scamp  and  villain  was  elected 
over  a  good  man.  Shame,  shame  on  such  a  man. 
No,  he  is  no  man  ;  he  is  an  infernal  rascal,  and  de- 
serves to  be  put  as  high  as  the  Washington  monu- 
ment. But  this  proves  what  we  have  said.  Nothing 
is  too  base  and  infamous  for  a  black  Republican  to  do 
or  say,  and  this  is  from  their  worshipped  idols  (men, 
we  will  not  say — they  have  none).  The  tariff  is  an 
abomination  of  abominations,  and  to  have  it  placed 
before  the  workingman  in  its  true  deformity,  so  he  can 
see  its  ghastliness  in  its  natural  tartarean  iniquity,  is 
our  desire. 

The  revenue  for  the  government  has  mostly  been 
collected  by  duties  on  imports.  The  clause  in  the  con- 
stitution which  authorizes  the  duty  is  as  follows:  Sec- 
tion 8th,  The  Powers  of  Congress.  "  The  Congress 
shall  have  power,  First,  to  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties, 
imposts,  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts,  and  provide  for 
common  defense  and  welfare  of  the  United  States; 
but  all  duties,  imposts  and  excises  shall  be  uniform 
throughout  the  United  States."  The  duty  on  imports 
is  usually  called  the  tariff.  We  shall  have  little  or 
nothing  to  say  about  the  tariff  at  the  first  beginning 
of  the-government,  as  there  was  no  contention  about 
the  amount  to  be  collected  for  many  years.  There 
were  only  a  very  few  manufactories  at  first,  and  they 
did  not  contend  for  a  high  protective  tariff,  and  we  do 
not  find  much  excitement  about  it  until  the  year  1825, 


3QO  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

under  John  Q.  Adams,  when,  for  the  first  time,  a  high 
tariff  for  the  protection  of  American  manufactures 
from  the  competition  of  the  foreign  importations. 
This  act  was  sustained  by  the  northern  states,  which 
were  enQraored  in  manufactures,  and  for  whose  benefit 
it  was  adopted.  (Notice  a  law  was  passed  for  the  ben- 
efit of  a  section  of  the  country.)  That  was  a  grievous 
error,  the  beginniug  of  class  legislation,  and  also  the 
beginning  of  trouble.  The  election-of  this  man,  Ad- 
ams, was  obtained  by  fraud,  bargain  and  sale.  Hen- 
ry Clay  was  a  Democrat,  and  Adams  was  a  Federal 
aristocrat.  By  the  influence  of  Henry  Clay,  Adams 
was  elected  when  the  Democrats  had  a  majorit}',  and 
Andrew  Jackson  was  entitled  to  the  Presidency;  but 
Clay  cheated  him  out  of  it  and  elected  Adams,  and  he 
appointed  Clay  Secretary  of  State.  The  Democrats 
had  been  in  possession  of  power  twenty-four  years. 
And  now  the  infernal  aristocracy  played  one  of  their 
Stygian  tricks  of  bargain  and  sale.  And  we  notice 
that  the  tartarean  infernals  followed  it  up,  by  passing 
a  law  for  the  benefit  of  a  section  of  the  country.  This 
tariff  was  the  cause  of  the  war.  that  is.  the  original 
cause.  It  made  an  animosity  that  never  was  healed, 
and  the  infernals  were  angry  even  unto  making  civil 
war  ;  but  they  had  to  get  an  excuse,  and  the  slavery 
question  was  a  good  one,  and  their  followers  could  not 
see  the  iniquity  of  it.  They  cared  no  more  for  the 
negro  than  they  did  for  the  wild  beasts  of  the  Asiatic 
jungles.  But  they  injured  and  degraded  the  country 
so  she  will  not  recover  for  a  longtime,  and  set  it  back 
in  morals  one  hundred  years.  They  are  striving  to 
carry  us  back  into  barbarism  so  they  can  rob  us. 

The  infernal  black  Republican  says  a  high  tariff  in- 
creases wages.  We  will  take  an  example  of  the  Bes- 
semer and  open  hearth  steel  works  The  duty  on  rail- 
road steel  rails  is  2.1  cents  a  pound  (more  than. the 
worth  of  the  rails) ;  number  of  employees,  10,835  ;  cap- 
ital invested,  ^20,975,990;  value  of  j^roducts,  ^55,805,- 
210;  paid  for  materials,  ^36,826,928;  paid  for  labor, 
#4.930.349;  total  cost,  $41,757,277  ;  gross  profit  to  cap- 


I 


BANKING    AND    BRITISH    SLAVERY.  39I 

ital,  $14,074,933.  Men  received  $1.46  per  day.  We 
may  say  none  but  men  work  at  that  work,  as  it  is  heavy 
and  laborious  kind.  $1.46,. and  the  operatives  have  to 
board  themselves!  In  the  cotton  factories,  the  wages 
is  75  cents  a  day,  but  many  women  and  children  work 
there.  In  the  Bessemer  works,  the  profits  on  the  cap- 
ital of  the  manufacturers  were  66.97  P^^  cent.  We 
ask  any  candid  man  to  say  what  he  thinks  of  such  in- 
fernal robbery.  We  asked  a  tariff"  man  a  few  days  ago 
if  he  thought  it  right  to  take  37  per  cent,  out  of  the 
people,  and  he  said  "  No."  Instead  of  the  high  tariff 
increasing  wages,  it  lessens  them.  Such  profits  stim- 
ulate the  business,  so  that  in  a  shorttime  occasions  an 
over-production.  Then  prices  must  go  down,  and  the 
mills  shut  down,  and  wages  lessened.  But  notice  what 
the  infamous  scamps  gave  the  operatives  when  they 
were  making  66.97  P^""  cent,  profits  on  their  capital. 
They  gave  them  $1.46  a  day,  and  they  had  to  board 
themselves.  Who  takes  the  profits  of  the  high  tariff.? 
Workingman,  can  you  see  ahead  ?  We  all  know  that  a 
man  that  would  take  66.97  P^^*  cent,  out  of  the  people*, 
would  tell  a  lie  Yes,  thousands  of  infernal  lies  to 
keep  the  profits ;  and  I  ask  any  man  of  sense  and  rea- 
son if  it  will  do  to  believe  a  word  of  what  such  a  scamp 
says.  And  how  many  lies  all  those  villains  told  to  get 
the  law  passed  to  make  such  a  tariff,  we  cannot  tell: 
many,  many  millions.  The  factories  pay  less  wages 
than  most  all  of  other  occupations,  for  the  work  they 
have  done.  They  are  a  pack  of  thieves,  that  are  bent 
to  reduce  the  people  to  poverty,  and  wretchedness, 
want  and  misery.  And  we  have  been  fools  too  long. 
Now  they  think  that  they  have  slaves  enough  to  force 
their  iniquitous  robbery  on  us.  The  four  millions 
strong  will  serve  them  if  they  do  right  or  wrong,  and 
many  of  them  w.ould  suffer  in  serfdom  and  slavery  to 
punish  their  superiors,  the  Democrats. 

TARIFF. 

Absynthe $2.50  per  gal.      Oil  of  vitriol i  c.  perlb 

Sugar  of  lead 20  c.  per  lb.      Adhesive  plaster 40  per  ct. 

Muriatic  acid 10  per  ct.      Ale  in  bottles 35  c.  per  gal. 


392 


THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 


TARIFF  {continued). 


Ale  in  casks 20  per  ct. 

Aluminun 20  per  ct. 

Almonds,  shelled.  .  .  10  c.  per  lb. 

Almonds 6  c.  per  lb. 

Aloes 6  c.  per  lb. 

Ammonia  .  .    20  per  ct. 

Animals  alive 20  per  ct. 

Antique  oil 50  per  ct. 

Vials 35  per  ct. 

Philosophic  apparatus  .  .40  per  ct. 

Hartshorn    40  per  ct. 

Arrack $3  per  gal. 

Crude  tartar ,  .  .  6  c.  per  lb. 

Firearms ■ .  35  per  ct. 

Arsenic 20  per  ct. 

Embroidery 35  per  ct. 

Articles  made  of  gold .  40  per  ct. 

Articles  of  copper 35  per  ct. 

Awls 45  per  ct. 

Axes .  45  per  ct. 

Axeltrees  iron 2  ^  c.  per  lb. 

Bacon 2  c.  per  lb. 

Bagging  Cotton 35  per  ct. 

Bags,  bead,  by  hand.  .  .50  per  ct. 
Bags,   woolen,  50  cts.  per  lb. 

and 35  per  ct. 

Balmoral  skirts,  50  cts.  per  lb. 

and 40  per  ct. 

Balm  of  Gilead 40  per  ct. 

Balsam  copavia 20  c.  per  lb. 

Balsam  Peruvian  ....50c.  per  lb. 

Bassoons 35  per  ct. 

Bay  rum  essence $2  per  oz. 

Bayonets 45  per  ct. 

Beads  of  precious  stones 

50  per  ct. 

Beads  of  gold  or  silver,  etc. 

50  per  ct. 

Beans  for  seed 30  per  ct. 

Beans,  vanilla $3  per  lb. 

Beam  knives 45  per  ct. 

Beams,  scale 35  per  ct. 

Bed  feathers, 30  per  ct. 

Beef I  c.  per  lb. 

Bells,  iron  cranks  .  •  .  35  per.  ct. 
Belts,  leather  (sword) .  .  35  per  ct. 
Bell  metal,  manufactured 

35  per  ct. 


Bells,  silver  or  gold ....  40  per  ct. 

Berries 10  per  ct. 

Binding  cotton 35  per  ct. 

Birds 20  per  ct. 

Bits,  carpenters' 45  per  ct. 

Black  ivory 25  per  ct. 

Black  lead $ro.oo  per  ton. 

Bottles,  black 35  per  ct. 

Blacking 30  per  ct. 

Blankets,  all  or   part    wool   50 

cts.  per  lb.  and  35  per  ct. 

Blue  vitriol 25  per  ct. 

Boards,  planed  or  rough, 

20  per  ct. 

Bone  black  (dust  free)  25  per  ct. 
Bone,  dice,  chess  men,  etc. 

50   per   ct. 

Bonnets,  Leghorn,  chip,  grass 

40  per  ct. 

Bonnets,  satin  or  silk .  .  60  per  ct. 

Bone  alphabets 35  per  ct. 

Boots,  all  kinds 35  per  ct. 

Books  and  pamphlets .  .  25  per  ct. 
Bottles,  4  oz.  to  quart .  .  35  per  ct. 

Balsam  tolu 3octs.  per  lb. 

Boxes,  gold  or  silver  japanned, 

40  per  ct. 

Boxes,  musical 30  per  ct. 

Boxes,  ornamental  •  •  •  •  35  per  ct. 

Braces  and  bits 45  per  ct. 

Braces,  suspenders.  .  ..35  per  ct. 

Brads 03  per  lb. 

Brandy,  average  $3 .  .50  per  gal. 
Brass  manufactures  •  •  •  •  35  per  ct. 
Bin  plates  or  sheets.  .  .35  per  ct. 
Brass  wire  studs  screws .  35  per  ct. 

Bridles  and  bits 35  per  ct. 

Bristles 75  per  lb. 

Brimstone $6  per  ton 

Brimstone  in  rolls  .  .  .  $10  per  ton 

Brooms  all  kinds 35  per  ct. 

Brushes  all  kinds 40  per  ct. 

Bucketsof  gold  or  silver .  4oper  ct. 

Buckrams  linen 35  per  ct. 

Bugles,  musical 30  per  ct. 

Bugles,  glass 50  per  ct. 

Butcher  knives 35  per  ct. 

Cabmet  wares 35  per  ct. 


TARIFF    AND    RAILROAD    SCHOOLS. 


393 


TARIFF 

Calfskins,  raw  lo  per  ct.,  tan- 
ned   30  per  ct, 

Calomel 30  per  ct, 

Camphor,  refined 40  per  ct. 

Candlesticks  ....  35  to  40  per  ct. 

Candles,  adamantine.  .05  per  lb, 

Candles,  tallow  2^/^  lb.  wax, 
pure 08  per  lb, 

Candy  different,  75  cts.  lb.  and 
50  per  ct. 

Canes,  walking 35  per  ct. 

Cannon,  brass  or  iron.. 35  per  ct, 

Cantharides 50  per  lb. 

Caps  of  different  kinds.  35  per  ct, 

Carboys 35  per  ct. 

Cards,  playing.  .  25  to  30  per  ct. 

Cards,  steel  pins 45  per  ct. 

Cards,  iron  pins 35  per  ct. 

Carpeting 50  per  ct. 

Carpeting,  wool,  40  cts.  square 
yd.  and 35  per  ct. 

Mats 45  per  ct. 

Carriages 35  per  ct. 

Carvers 35  per  ct. 

Casks,  empty 35  per  ct. 

Castings,  plaster 40  per  ct. 

Castor  oil $1  a  gal. 


(continued). 

Castors,   silver  and   wood.... 

35  per  ct. 

Castors,  glass  cut 40  per  ct. 

Catgut 30  per  ct. 

Chains  all  kinds 35  per  ct. 

Chains,  dog 35  per  ct. 

Chairs,  sitting 35  per  ct. 

Chalk,  billiard 50  per  ct. 

Chalk,  French 20  per  ct. 

Chandeliers,  brass.  •  •  .35  per  ct. 
Chandeliers,  glass  cut .  40  per  ct. 

Charts 25  per  ct. 

Chinaware 45  per  ct. 

Chinaware  ornamented .  50  per  ct. 

Chinese  chip  hats 40  per  ct. 

Chloroform $1  per  lb. 

Chloride   of  lime,  30  cts.  per 

100  lbs. 

Chocolate 07  per  lb. 

Cinnamon 30  per  lb. 

Cloaks  of  wool 35  per  ct. 

Checks,  cotton 35  per  ct. 

Cloth,  rubber 35  per  ct. 

Cocoanuts 25  per  ct. 

Coffee 05  per  lb. 

Copper  in  all  forms.  .  .  35  per  ct. 
Copper  ore 5  per  ct. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 

TARIFF    AND    RAILROAD    SCHOOLS. 

We  happened  to  look  over  a  paper,  and  noticed  a 
resolution  of  a  Black  Republican  convention  assem- 
bled at  Stockton.  It  reads  as  follows;  "Fourth,  that 
we  stand  today  as  we  always  have  stood,  opposed  to 
the  dangerous  encroachments  of  the  RAiLROAomonop- 
ly,  by  their  unjust  exactions  and  discriminations  in 
freights  and  fares,  and  their  refusal  to  pay  their  just 
proportion  of  the  taxes  levied  upon  their  property ; 
and  that  we  instruct  our  delegrates  to  the  state  conven- 
tion  to  support  for  Railroad  commissioner  m  this  dis- 
trict   a    man   whose   honesty  and     integrity    are    un- 


394  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

questioned,  and  whose  ability  has  been  demonstrated 
by  an  honorable  record  in  the  past."  When  the  demo- 
cratic governor  called  an  extra  session,  and  the  honest 
Democrats  endeavored  to  compel  the  railroad  to  pay 
their  taxes,  the  black  Republicans  opposed  the  Demo- 
crats in  every  step,  and  the  Railroad  bought  over  some 
half  dozen  or  more  of  the  men  elected  to  the  legisla- 
ture as  Democrats,  and  thereby  prevented  any  law  be- 
ing passed  to  compel  the  Railroad  to  pay  their  taxes ; 
when  the  money  was  very  much  wanted  to  continue 
the  Schools  in  some  of  the  districts;  and  one  of  the  of- 
ficers of  the  Railroad  company  said,  that  if  he  had  his 
wav  about  it,  there  would  be  no  common  schools.  The 
railroad  used  thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  of  dol- 
lars in  the  next  election,  and  carried  the  state  ;  and  no 
doubt  these  men  who  passed  that  lying  resolution,  to 
a  man,  voted  the  lying,  thieving,  robbing  Black  Repub- 
lican ticket.  And  when  a  United  States  senator  was 
to  be  elected,  they  nominated  the  president  of  the 
railroad,  and  elected  him  United  States  senator.  The 
above  resolution  proves  several  points:  one,  that  those 
who  passed  it  lied,  and  knew  they  lied  at  the  time, 
and  they  had  no  respect  for  the  people  nor  for  them- 
selves. They  believe  all  is  fair  in  politics,  and  long 
ago  they  stooped  to  conquer;  they  stooped  so  low  the 
last  election  that  they  fell,  and  if  they  never  should 
rise  again  it  would  be  a  great  benefit  to  the  people. 
The  blacks  were  overjoyed  that  the  Railroad  triumph- 
ed over  the  democracy,  in  the  contest  to  compel  them 
to  pay  their  just  taxes.  O  fools  of  fools  and  knaves  of 
knaves.  And  another  point  it  proves,  that  they,  the 
infernal,  lying,  black  codfish  imps,  are  aristocrats.  If 
they  cared  and  had  respect  for  the  people,  they  would 
not  lie  to  and  fool  them.  But  they  abhor  and  detest 
the  people.  And  another  point  it  proves,  that  the 
working  men  can  have  no  confidence  in  what  the  Styg- 
ian infcrnals  say.  We  have  all  along  cautioned  the 
people  to  watch  the  thieves,  so  we  say  again.  Do  not 
believe  a  word  they  say  ;  and  you  must  know  that  a 
man  who  lies  and  cheats  in  politics,   will  lie  and  cheat 


TARIFF    AND    RAILROAD    SCHOOLS.  395 

in  everything.  No  man  can  tell  the  depth  of  the  ha- 
tred of  the  tartarean  codfish  aristocracy  to  the  working 
men  of  the  country.  They  intend,  if  they  are  not 
checked,  to  rob  the  poor  man  so  that  he  is  as  poor  as  a 
church  mouse.  And  we  say  to  the  working  man,  keep 
lock  and  key  on  the  out-houses  of  your'  premises,  for 
if  they  cannot  rob  you  politically,  they  will  be  very  apt 
to  rob  you  personally.  Those  who  do  not  work  are 
very  apt  to  steal. 

The  black  Republican  infernal  scamps  think  that  it 
is  acute  to  lie  in  their  resolutions  to  the  people.  But 
the  Democrat  can  see  nothing  in  it  but  deceit  and  ly- 
ing, treachery  and  degradation,  barbarism  and  immor- 
ality ;  and  they  who  resort  to  that  infamy  deserve  to 
be  })laced  as  high  as  the  topmost  peaks  of  the  Hima- 
layas. The  lying,  diabolical  thieves  say  they  are  the 
friends  of  the  laboring  man,  and  all  the  time  they  are 
reducing  his  wages.  We  cannot  see  how  it  can  be 
that  a  man  with  an  ounce  of  brains  can  believe  a  word 
the  mendacious  thief  says.  Now  the  robber  has  tak- 
en so  much  from  the  people,  that  he  fears  that  they 
will  have  revenge  on  them  for  what  they  have  stolen 
from  them,  and  if  matters  do  not  mend,  the  working- 
men  will  put  physical  measures  in  force.  They  may 
have  to  do  as  the  old  man  in  the  fable,  when  he  found 
a  boy  in  one  of  his  apple  trees  stealing  apples.  He 
desired  him  to  come  down,  but  the  boy  said  he  would 
not,  and  in  the  end  the  old  man  said,  "  If  good  words  and 
gentle  means  will  not  bring  you  down,  I  will  see  what 
virtue  there  is  in  stones."  That  brouo^ht  him  down. 
And  so  with  the  black  Republican,  soulless,  infernal 
imps.  The  people  will  be  compelled  to  use  more 
powerful  and  efficient  means  to  balance  the  account 
with  them,  and  the  people  will  be  justified  to  make 
them  pay  the  bill  they  have  stolen  from  the  working- 
man  ;  and  we  will  soon  make  out  the  bill,  and  the  most 
enormous  bill  it  will  be  that  was  ever  stolen  by  any 
thieves.  In  ancient  times  the  generals  in  war  plun- 
dered their  enemies,  and  took  immense  goods  and  pre- 
cious stones,  gold  and  silver,  prisoners  and  munitions 


396  THE  workingman's  guide. 

of  war;  but  it  cannot  equal,  by  an  immense  sum,  the 
stealings  of  the  black  tartarean  scamps  have  taken  in 
peace  from  their  fellow-citizens.  The  infamous,  soul- 
less, unprincipled  speaker  says  the  Democrat  insisted 
to  make  one  more  effort  in  behalf  of  English  free  trade. 
The  Democi'ats  never  were  for  free  trade.  Who  start- 
ed and  ruled  this  government  for  most  all  the  time, 
and  made  itwhatitis  now  (all  but  the  stealings).'*  And 
there  was  a  tariff  all  the  time  for  the  expenses  of  the 
government,  and  that  protects  the  manufacturers. 
And  the  Federals  wanted  monarchy,  wanted  Washing- 
ton to  be  king,  and  he  refused  to  be  king;  then 
they  wanted  a  President  for  life,  and  Senate  also.  It 
appears  there  is  not  a  man  among  the  infernals  who 
will  tell  the  truth  in  politics.  Shame  it  is  so,  from  the 
highest  officials  to  the  lowest,  all  liars !  The  greater 
the  black  Republican,  the  greater  the  liar.  Then  he 
had  to  lie  about  the  tariff  in  Ireland  and  in  the  Con- 
federate States.  That  does  not  concern  us.  England 
always  has  been  a  high  tariff  country,  and  was  insane 
on  it ;  but  of  late  it  is  mostly  free  trade.  The  ly- 
ing speaker  thought  he  could  fool  the  Irish,  but  he 
did  not  make  much.  It  is  land  monopoly  that  grinds 
Ireland  to  poverty,  as  the  land  is  owned  mostly  by 
men  who  live  in  England,  and  most  of  the  produce  is 
transported  out  of  the  country,  and  the  people  no 
doubt  suffer.  They  live  mostly  on  potatoes.  The 
black  Republicans  are  continually  lying.  It  is  strange 
that  any  one  will  believe  them,  but  they  are  an  inferior 
class  of  men,  ignorant  barbarians,  used  to  doing  as 
their  masters  tell  them,  as  they  did  in  ancient  times. 
They  are  not  yet  civilized  ;  they  follow  their  masters 
as  of  old  ;  they  will  become  extinct  ;  some  of  their 
progeny  will  know  better,  and  be  Democrats,  as  they 
are  a  superior  class  of  people.  They  put  up  no  jobs 
in  government  like  the  barbarians.  They  are  in  favor 
of  honesty  in  government.  The  black  thinks  no  one 
can  believe  in  that.  He  is  totally  depraved,  and  judg- 
es others  by  himself;  so  he  is  in  favor  of  the  new  sys- 
tem of  slavery,  and  he  is  in  a  fair  way  to  see  it,  as  the 


II 


TARIFF    AND    RAILROAD    SCHOOLS.  397 

black  imps  have  most  of  the  money,  and  when  they  get 
20  to  30  per  cent,  more,  they  will  declare  the  people 
serfs,  and  allow  them  but  few  privileges.  Then  there 
will  be  a  great  revolution  such  as  never  has  been,  and 
the  infernals  will  get  their  deserts  for  robbing  the  peo- 
ple ;  not  long  will  it  be, either.  The  workingman  will 
learn  who  are  the  liars  and  thieves.  He  begins  to  see 
how  he  is  robbed,  and  he  will  not  believe  the  liar 
much  longer.  He  will  see  the  trap.  Do  you  suppose 
a  man  will  lie  to  his  friend  and  those  he  respects,  or 
will  a  man  lie  to  those  people  if  he  respects  them  and 
wants  them  to  prosper  ?  No,  you  do  not.  If  a  man 
lies  to  another,  he  does  it  to  cheat  him.  Often  men 
swindle  others  by  false  pretenses. 

The  black  infernals  lied  about  the  tariff,  the  Con- 
federate bonds,  which  the  scamps  said  the  Democrats 
would  pay  if  they  got  in  office.  They  said  the  negro 
would  go  back  into  slavery,  and  the  wounded  Confed- 
erates have  pensions,  and  that  we  would  have  free 
trade.  Blaine's  hobby  was  that  the  negro  would  go 
back  into  slavery.  That  imp  cannot  be  too  hardly  dealt 
by.  He  will  not  do  in  a  decent  country.  But  that  is 
the  kind  of  men  the  tartarean  scamps  worship.  It  is 
downright  abuse  to  be  lied  to  as  the  black,  infernal 
speakers  lie  to  their  satraps ;  and  if  they  know  that 
they  lie,  they  think  they  may  get  a  vote  of  some  one 
who  does  not  know.  (That  is  the  party  of  all  decency 
and  morality,  they  say.)  We  say  it  is  the  party  of  all 
the  lies,  and  vice,  and  immorality  in  the  country.  They 
are  the  bohon  upas  of  the  world.  They  retard  improve- 
ment in  government;  they  are  destructives  in  politics. 
They  were  the  cause  of  the  lost  civilizations  in  the  world 
in  past  times.  The  drones  stole  the  property  from 
the  people,  and  they  rose  up  in  their  might,  and  swept 
them  off  the  face  of  God's  footstool ;  and  then  some 
other  nation  came  and  took  as  slaves  all  those  who 
were  left,  and  all  the  best  property,  and  left  the  coun- 
try. So  the  lost  civilizations  only  can  be  accounted 
for ;  and  now  we  see  the  same  thing  is  growing  to  be 
again  repeated.   And  do  you  think  the  poor  in  Europe 


398  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

will  live  as  they  have  done  a  century,  another  century*? 
They  will  learn,  and  many  have  learned  it,  that  "  it  is 
better  to  die  a  free  man  than  to  live  a  slave!'  And 
what  better  are  we  off  in  this  country?  Look  at  the 
bill,  and  see  what  the  brutes  have  stolen  from  the  peo- 
ple in  the  last  twenty-four  years.  And  do  you  think 
the  people  will  long  endure  such  robbery  and  theft  ? 
No,  they  will  not.  Soon  the  infernal  imps  will  try  to 
take  the  ballot  from  the  people,  or  some  restrictions 
on  suffrage  they  will  do  to  secure  themselves.  They 
know  the  people  will  demand  compensation,  and  they 
will  disarm  them  beforehand.  Do  you  think  if  a  thief 
had  stolen  your  horse,  and  you  suspected  him,  and  he 
knew  you  did,  he  would  leave,  or  take  measures  to  off- 
set your  proof  ?  And  if  a  robber  had  robbed  you, 
and  wanted  to  rob  you  again,  and  he  knew  that  you 
had  been  arming  yourself,  would  he  try  and  steal  your 
arms?  The  truth,  no  doubt,  is  thatwe  or  no  one  else 
knows  the  profits  of  the  factories  in  1880;  as  we  are 
satisfied  that  they  have  tricked  us  the  same  as  the  rail- 
roads, that  give  their  property  of  the  roads  double  what 
they  cost.  That  is  what  the  scamps  call  watering 
stock,  and  they  do  that,  no  doubt.  So  they  are  doing, 
we  think,  with  the  capital  of  the  factories,  that  give  in 
the  capital  when  the  assessor  asks  them  much  over 
what  it  is,  say  the  price  of  the  buildings  and  cash  used. 
Some  may  think  that  they  will  not  do  that  on  account 
of  the  taxes  on  their  property,  but  that  makes  no  dif- 
ference, as  what  they  pay  more  on  taxes  they  pay  more 
still  on  internal  revenue  tax  ;  and  another  way  is  to 
say  they  used  much  more  material  than  they  actually 
did,  as  they  pay  no  taxes  on  material.  That,  likely,  is 
practiced  the  most.  Many  black  Republican  scamps 
will  not  believe  that  the  black  imps  cheat  in  that  way, 
but  they  are  the  mercenary  tools  of  stygian.  Republi- 
can, barbarian  aristocracy.  The  profits  on  the  manu- 
factures of  the  country  in  i860  were  47  per  cent.;  in 
1870  they  were  46  per  cent.;  and  in  1880,  as  the  fig- 
ures from  the  factories  show,  they  were  only  37.34  per 
cent;    and  in    1850  they  were  59.50  per.  cent.     They 


TARIFF    AND    RAILROAD    SCHOOLS.  399 

must  have  been  more.  The  infernals  have  been  tam- 
pering with  the  capital  or  raw  material.  We  shall  not 
believe  that  they  made  less  in  1880  than  they  did  in 
i860  or  1870.  Now  we  will  call  the  profits  in  1880 
50  per  cent,  and  they  have  been  more  than  that,  we 
have  no  doubt.  I  suppose  the  infernal  fool  black  Re- 
publican will  be  overjoyed,  when  he  finds  out  that  his 
masters  have  made  47  per  cent.,  46  per  cent.,  and  50 
per  cent.,  and  he  will  be  highly  elated  that  the  Demo- 
crats have  to  pay  such  exorbitant  profits  to  his  diabol- 
ical masters.  But  says  sawney,  The  Republicans  pay 
as  much.  Thev  do  not  care  how  much  they  pay,  as  it 
makes  their  aristocratic  masters  very  rich,  and  the 
more  they  get  the  better.  They  can  keep  down  the 
Democrats  and  keep  our  party  up.  All  the  black  liars 
and  thieves  look  for  is  their  masters.  Now  do  not  think 
that  is  not  so ;  that  has  always  been  so,  and  the  black 
serfs  have  not  learned  any  better  yet,  and  it  will  take 
them  still  a  long  time  to.  Most  all  of  the  four  mil- 
lions will  become  extinct.  But  the  Democrats  see 
through  this  man-trap,  this  new  scheme  of  slavery,  that 
excels  all  that  ever  was,  or  ever  will  be  discovered. 
When  the  people  can  see  this  modern  new  slavery,  (it 
is  a  scheme  to  enrich  a  few  out  of  the  earnings  of  the 
many,  and  they  know  it),  an  invention  that  by  some 
hocus  pocus  or  some  sesame  your  purse  opens,  and 
out  goes  the  money,  and  the  black  fool  does  not  know 
how  it  was  done,  and  he  will  not  learn. 

Railroads  more  than  double  their  stock  by  watering, 
as  they  call  it,  and  that  is  a  money-making  business. 
It  costs  nothing  to  water  railroad  stock;  it  is  an  insti- 
tution of  the  last  quarter  century.  Many  may  not  un- 
derstand the  term.  We  will  say  that  a  railroad  cost 
thirty  millions  of  dollars,  but  the  managers  say  it  cost 
sixty  or  eighty  millions,  and  pay  dividends,  and  cal 
culate  profits,  on  eighty  millions,  and  make  the  people 
pay  on  eighty  millions  of  dollars.  So  the  Central  Pa- 
cific are  swindling  the  people,  and  the  black  Republi- 
cans uphold  them  in  their  nefarious  swindle.  The 
black  Republicans  are  the  greatest  fools  in  the  world. 


400  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

In  ancient  times  when  the  people  were  willing  slaves, 
there  was  some  excuse  for  them,  as  they    had  no  ad- 
vantages   of   education,  and,  therefore,  were  ignorant 
and  knew  no  better.     But  the  black  Republicans  are 
doing   all   they  can   to  make  slaves  of  posterity,  and 
they  have  all  the  advantages  of  an  education.     It  is  a 
pity  that  men  should  be  so  blinded  by  party,  and  per- 
verse, and  stubborn,  and  malignant,  as   to  make  slaves 
of  their  own  children  and    posterity  forever.     A  fool 
says,  we  cannot  see  it.     We  say,  if  a  few  men  own  all 
the    money,  then   the   others   will  be  slaves  to  them. 
That  is    the  new  system   of  slavery,  and  that   is  ten 
times  worse    than  the    old,  or  white  slaver}^     In  old 
slavery  the  master  had  to  board  and  clothe  the  slave, 
and  see  that  he  was  kept  in  good  health,  and  give  him 
medical  aid  when  he  was  sick.     But  in  the  new  system 
the  nefarious  master  has  no  care  whatever  of  the  poor, 
ill-fed,  poorly  clothed  slave,  and    he  has  no  trouble  to 
get  his  cash.     O,  miserable  fool  of  a  poor  man  who  is 
a  black  Republican,  and  degraded  rich  man  who  is  con- 
triving to  make  slaves  of  white  men  !     We  say  to  the 
workingman,  who  has  sense  and  reason,  Do  not  let  the 
poisonous  and  venomous  black  Republican  cheat  you 
out  of    your  liberty.     Think  of   your  children  crying 
for  bread,  and  your  wife  a  mere  skeleton,  starved  and 
miserable.      Black,  infernal,  codfish  aristocracy,  why 
will  you  treat  your  race   so  ?     You  are  worse   than  a 
brute.     Asmodeus  would  not  do  so  mean,  and  detest- 
able, and  wicked  an  act  as  you  are  doing.     There  was 
heavy    swearing    before    the    railroad  commissioners 
concerning  the  Central  Pacific  railroad  ;  the  commis- 
sioners could  not  find  out  what  the  road  cost,  the  rail- 
road scamps  falsi  crimen.     They  swore  they  did  not 
know  what  the  road  cost,  and  when  summoned  to  pro- 
duce their  books,  they  swore  they  were  lost.     Now,  do 
you  think  there  is  anything  too  mean  for  them  to  do  ? 

TARIFF. 

Cotton  cloth, 5  c.  per  yd.  Cotton  thread 40  per  ct. 

Cotton  colored, 5  j^c.  a  yd.  and  Cotton  bagging 3c.  per  lb. 

10  per  ct.  Cotton  materials 35  per  ct. 

Cotton  finer,  up  to  73^  c.  sq.  yd.  Cutlery 35  per  ct. 


TARIFF    AND    RAILROAD    SCHOOLS. 


401 


Cutlery,  knives 45  per  ct. 

Daggers 35  per  ct. 

Decanters,  cut  glass ...  40  per  ct. 

Demijohns 40  per  ct. 

Diamonds,  set 25  per  ct. 

Dice,  ivory  or  bone.  .  .50  per  ct. 

Dolls  of  all  kinds 35  per  ct. 

Drawing  knives 45  per  ct. 

Drawers,  silk 60  per  ct. 

Dress  goods ....  35  to  50  per  ct. 

Drugs,  not  crude 20  per  ct. 

Duck,  sail  cotton 30  per  ct. 

Dust-pans 35  per  ct. 

Yellow  ochre )^  c.  per  lb. 

Earthern  ware.  .25  to  50  per  ct. 

Eggs 10  per  ct. 

Elephants'  teeth 10  per  ct. 

Embroideries,  all 35  per  ct. 

Emery  in  rock $6  per  ton. 

Emery  cloth 35    per  ct. 

Emetic  tartar 15  c.  per  lb. 

Engravings,  copper.  .  .30  per  ct. 
Epaulets,  all  kinds.  .  .  .35  per  ct. 
Essence  of  almonds  $1.50  per  lb. 

Cloves 2.00  per  lb. 

Cinnamon 2.00  per  lb. 

Cognac 4  per   lb. 

Fruit 2.50  per  lb. 

Many  are 50  per  ct. 

Extracts,  various 40  per  ct. 

False  collars 35  per  ct. 

Fans,  one  cent,  others .  .  35  per  ct. 
Fancy  shaving  soap  and  balls 

.  .  .  IOC.  per  lb.  and  25  per  ct. 
Fastenings  for  shutters  35  per  ct. 
Of  steel  and  Japanned  45  per. 

ct.  and  40  per  ct. 

Feathers,  ornamental .  .  50  per  ct. 

In  the  last  pages  we  gave  you  an  abstract  of  rates 
of  duties  of  three  pages,  sufficient  to  form  an  idea  of 
the  tariff  imposed  by  Congress  of  March  2,  1861,  up 
to  March,  1866,  and  July  28,  1866,  and  March  1867. 
Nine  times  in  that  space  of  six  years  did  the  diaboli- 
cals  tinker  with  the  tariff.  There  is  over  sixty-five 
pages  of  this  tariff.  We  give  three  pages.  The  read- 
er can  judge  the  remainder  from  those  three  pages. 
Men  who  have  examined  it  say  that  it  averages  46  to 

26 


Feathers  for  beds 30  per  ct. 

Feather  beds 20  per  ct. 

Fiddles 30  per  ct. 

Fifes,  bone  or  ivory ...  30  per  ct. 

Figures,  brass 35  per  ct. 

Files,  10  c.  a  lb.  and  35  per  ct. 
Flannels,  20  c.  a  lb.  and  35  per  ct. 

Linens 35  to  40  per  ct. 

Liquors 20  to  40  per  ct. 

Marble,  manufactured  50  per  ct 
Mathematical  instruments    35 

to  40  per  ct. 

Paper,  writing 35  per  ct. 

Parasols 35  to  60  per  ct. 

Pelts,  salted 10  per  ct. 

Pencil  cases 40  per   ct. 

Pills,  powders,  etc 50  per  ct. 

Pistols 35  per  ct. 

Shawls 35  to  60  per  ct. 

Seeds,  small,   J^  to  2,    3,   5c. 

per  lb. 

Wool,    common,    loc.   per  lb. 

and  1 1  per  ct. 

Wool,  fine,   12  c.  per   lb.  and 

10  per  ct. 

Wool,  second  class,  10  c.  per 

lb.  and  1 1  per  ct. 

Wool,  third  class 3  c.  a  lb. 

Wool,  manufactured,  50  c.  per 

lb.  and  35  per  ct. 

Woolen  cloth,  50  c.  per  lb.  and 

■ 35  per  ct. 

Woolen  cassimere,  valued  over 

$2  per  yd.,  50  c.  per  lb.  and 

• 35  per  ct. 

Woolen  clothing,  50  c.  per  lb. 

and  40  per  ct. 


402  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

47  per  cent.  We  will  call  it  46  per  cent.  We  intend 
to  vivisect  this  mysterious  tariff.  It  appears  so  to  the 
mass  of  the  people,  and  the  black  Republicans  know 
nothing  of  it,  onl)^  what  the  lying,  infernal  scamps  tell 
them.  The  reader  has  had  this  abominable  tariff 
echoed  in  his  ears  until  he  is  wearied  with  it.  We 
will  give  a  plain  exposition  of  it.  In  looking  over 
the  tariff,  you  will  notice  the  difference  of  the  duty, 
and  the  difference  on  woolen  manufactures.  If  his 
party  spirit  has  not  completely  blinded  him,  he  will 
be  able  to  see  that  he  does  not  belons^  to  the  rinsr, 
that  he  is  not  one  of  the  chosen  few,  that  he  is  par- 
tially left  out  in  the  cold,  while  the  pets,  the  man- 
ufacturers, have  five  times  as  much  duty  as  he  has. 
And  they  have  reduced  his  duty,  that  is  the  wool- 
growers',  since,  and  all  this  has  been  done  by  the  black 
Republican  infernals  ;  no  other  party  could  do  it.  If 
the  wool-grower  thinks  that  the  black  imps  will  help 
him,  he  is  very  much  mistaken.  He  does  not  belong 
to  the  aristocratic  drones,  he  is  a  producer,  he  is  one  of 
the  commonality,  he  cannot  share  with  the  barbarian 
aristocracy,  he  must  not  assume  to  put  himself  with 
the  tartareans.  They  spurn  and  despise  him,  they  de- 
test and  abhor  him.  He  must  not  think  to  put  him- 
self on  a  level  with  them.  And  a  tariff  on  wool  makes 
the  wool  higher  somewhat,  and  lessens  the  profits  of 
the  drones.  The  infernal  aristocrats  will  think  it  an 
insult  for  the  rustic  wool-grower  to  have  the  impu- 
dence to  ask  a  share  of  their  profits.  They  will  call 
it  presumption.  His  office,  in  their  opinion,  is  to 
give  to  the  aristocracy,  not  take  from  them ;  so  they 
will  not  tolerate  it  to  divide  with  them.  They  think 
there  are  too  many  now  to  divide  with  ;  they  are  hogs, 
and  want  it  all.  Mr.  Wool-grower,  you  do  not  com- 
prehend the  situation.  The  black  aristocrat  thinks  you 
should  know  better;  they  think  you  are  more  fit  to 
kiss  their  great  toe,  than  to  share  with  them. 

The  infernals  have  reduced  the  tariff  on  wool;  we 
will  see  again.  The  cotton  factories  get  less  wages 
than   some    others  ;  some   are  giving   but  65  cents  a 


TARIFF    AND    RAILROAD    SCHOOLS.  403 

day,  and   all   together  they  get  about  75  cents  a  day. 
The   reason  wages  are  lower  on  cotton  is,  that   more 
women  and  young  girls  work   in   the   factories  for  45 
cents  a  day,  and   board  themselves.     They  are   now 
sending  for  factory  hands  to  the  continent  in  Europe  ; 
soon   the  wages  will    nearly  be  as  low  as  they  are  in 
Europe.     The  money  now  is  nearly  all  in  the  hands 
of  the  infernal  scamps,  and  give   them  what  they  will 
for  everything.     They  have  robbed  the  common  peo- 
ple, so  they   have  to   work   more  hours,  and  produce 
more,  and  the  diabolical  imps  take  advantage  of  that 
loss.     So  the  more   a  man   has   stolen  from  him,  the 
more  he  has  to  produce.    Suppose  a  coyote  takes  one- 
tenth  of  your  pigs,  you  will  have  to  produce  one-tenth 
more  to  keep  even.     But  the  black  scamps  take  about 
five  times  that,  and   take  it  out  of  their  pockets,  and 
they  not  know  it.     They  know  they  are  short,  but  do 
not  know  how  it  comes;    but  one  thing  he  knows  is, 
that    he   must  produce   more.     So    he  does  produce 
more,  and  makes  an  over  production,  and  prices  fall. 
Money  being  in  a  few  men's  hands,  they  combine  and 
pinch  the  producer,  and    he  being  in  debt   must   sell. 
So  the  times  are  getting  worse   and  worse.     Do   you 
notice  good  men  agoing  down  the  flume  .?     Look  out, 
perhaps,  our  turn  comes  next.     The   aristocracy  and 
black  Republicans  are  putting  on  the  screws  tighter, 
and  more  men  are  agoing  under.     No  doubt,  the  four 
millions  thieves  are  overjoyed  that  many  good  Demo- 
crats are  failing.      The  infernals  will    favor  them,  the 
blacks,  for  a  short  time  ;  their  time  will  come  sooner 
than    they    expect    it.      So    wages    are   going    down. 
Men,  who  possibly  can  must  do  their  own  work,  and 
poor  men  can  get  but  little  to  do.      The  workingman 
is  in  a  tight  dilemma,  from  which  he  cannot  extricate 
himself.    But  what  shall  we  do  }    Enough  of  everything 
in    the    country,  and    all    in   a  few  men's  hands,  and 
growing  from  bad  to  worse,  and  an  over  production,  as 
we  have  explained.     Every  article  cheap,  which   the 
poor  workingman  wants  to  sell ;  but  let  him  try  to  buy, 
and  a  different  state  of  things  stares  him  in  the  face. 
We  will  give  the  only  remedy  soon. 


404  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

The  codfish  aristocracy  and  barbarians  said  so  often 
that  the  Democrats  were  in  favor  of  free  trade,  that  we 
must  notice  that  point  again.  The  Democrats  started 
this  august  government  and  set  it  in  motion.  They 
framed  the  United  States  constitution  ;  the  black  bar- 
barians endeavored  to  have  a  clause  in  it  to  have  the 
president  and  senate  chosen  for  life,  but  the  democrats 
in  convention  would  not  let  the  nefarious  Federalists 
dabble  with  that  instrument,  and  the  democrats  had 
that  tariff  placed  in  the  constitution,  and  they  did  have 
it  legalized,  and  always  were  for  a  tariff,  and  always 
had  it,  notwithstanding  that  the  nefarious,  and  in- 
fernal and  merciless  scamps  say  to  the  contrary.  There 
never  was  free  trade  in  this  country,  and  they  know  it, 
so  they  say  egregious  lies,  when  they  utter  such  say- 
ings. But  that  is  their  game;  "all  is  fair  in  politics." 
We  stoop  to  conquer.  But  they  do  not  have  to  stoop, 
they  have  always  been  in  that  position,  they  could  not 
stoop  lower  than  they  always  have  been  from  the 
start.  But  a  vile  and  nefarious  scamp,  a  candidate  for 
Congress,  said  the  democrats  were  for  free  trade,  and 
in  I  860,  he  said,  we  had  a  free  trade  tariff.  Notice 
the  weakness  and  absurdity  of  what  he  said.  The  vil- 
lain said,  that,  under  that  free  trade  tariff  the  manufac- 
turers made  forty-seven  per  cent,  profit  on  their  capital. 
In  one  thing  the  infernal  told  the  truth,  that  is,  that 
they  made  the  forty-seven  per  cent.,  but  that  it  was  un- 
der free  trade,  the  heartless,  soulless  scamp  lied  so.  No- 
tice the  egregious  fool  ^dijs,  imder  free  trade  the  man- 
ufacturers made  forty-seven  per  cent.  That  is  more  than 
was  made  at  any  time  since  1850  according  to  their 
saying;  you  see  the  villainy  plainly.  If  more  was  made 
under,  or  could  be  made  under  free  trade,  then  why 
not  have  it .?  But  he  lied,  there  was  no  free  trade  but 
a  high  tariff;  but  in  1870,  the  imps  returned  forty-six 
per  cent.  made.  We  think  they  watered  the  stock;  and 
in  1880  they  return  thirty-seven  per  cent.  made.  We 
are  satisfied  they  watered  often  this  time ;  no  doubt 
the  profits  were  over  fifty  per  cent.,  likely  sixty  i)er  cent. 
But  again    look  at    the  respect    that  the    villains    pay 


TARIFF    AND    RAILROAD    SCHOOLS.  405 

to  their  hearers ;  if  they  had  respect  for  honest  govern- 
ment, or  was  in  favor  of  such  government,  do  you  sup- 
pose they  would  lie  in  that  style  to  the  people?  or  if 
they  had  any  respect  for  themselves,  do  you  suppose 
that  they  would  use  such  chicanery,  such  gabble,  such 
degraded  sophistry? 

Free  trade,  and  47  per  cent,  made  under  it ;  better 
have  free  trade  all  the  time,  if  that  was  the  case.  But 
the  truth  is,  the  infernal  scamp  lied,  and  he  knew  it. 
But  he  is  not  alone,  their  best  men  (and  that  is  saying 
but  little)  said  the  same  ;  they  are  a  nefarious,  infernal, 
tartarean,  deceiving  wretches,  vile  and  infamous  be- 
yond the  power  of  language  to  describe.  But  again, 
what  can  we  say  of  the  audience  who  listen  patiently 
to  such  sophistry  and  lies,  without  finding  a  word  of 
fault  ?  Can  we  say  that  they  are  men  of  honor  and 
sense?  We  must  say,  if  we  say  anything,  that  they 
are  not.  Do  they  have  any  respect  for  themselves, 
who  are  satisfied  with  such  lies  and  false  reasoning  ? 
Do  they  have  any  respect  for  sense  and  reason,  who 
listen  to  such  chicanery?  We  must  say  no,  and  so  will 
any  man  say  who  has  but  one  ounce  of  brains,  if  he 
uses  it  a  minute.  The  truth  of  the  matter  is,  that  the 
four  millions  strong  are  a  horde  of  ignorant;  and  in- 
different, and  vile,  and  heartless,  and  soulless  set  of 
fools  as  ever  were  in  any  country.  They  are  an  infe- 
rior class  of  men,  who  have  no  respect  for  what  is  right, 
and  all  they  know  is  to  follow  their  vile  leader,  an  un- 
principled codfish  aristocrat.  All  can  see  that  the 
fanatic  told  the  truth,  when  we  asked  him,  "  Have  the 
aristocracy  always  stolen  from  the  people  ?  "  He  said 
"  Yes."  And  when  we  asked  him  when  they  had  quit, 
he  answered  us,  "  They  have  not  quit  it."  And  when 
we  asked  the  black  Republican  if  that  was  a  good  citi- 
zen, who  upheld  any  set  of  men  in  taking  37  per  cent, 
profits  on  their  capital  out  of  the  people,  he  answered 
"  No."  Now  you  can  think  how  it  could  be  that  a  man 
can  make  47  per  cent,  in  his  factory,  on  his  capital, 
when  there  is  free  trade ;  and  your  opinion  of  a  vile 
demon  who  says  he  did,  when   there   nevej*  was  free 


4o6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

trade  at  all.  The  truth  is,  he  is  an  abominable  liar. 
The  truth  also  is,  that  there  was  a  high  tariff,  or  the 
man  could  not  make  47  per  cent,  on  his  capital.  And 
again,  the  manner  that  these  liars  and  thieves  talk  to 
their  followers  proves  unmistakably  that  the}^  are  aris- 
tocrats. A  Democrat  honors  the  people  ;  he  tells  them 
no  lies,  and  has  due  respect  for  them.  A  man  has  a 
friend  that  he  respects,  he  will  not  lie  to  him.  But  the 
black  Republican  tells  his  dupe  all  manner  of  lies,  and 
reasons  to  him  falsely,  and  he,  infernal  fool,  swallows 
it  all.  Now  reason  to  yourself  on  this  47  per  cent, 
made  in  free  trade  and  lies.  The  truth  is  apparent  to 
all  honest  and  discerning  men,  that  the  black  Repub- 
licans are  organized  to  rob  the  people,  and  every  move 
they  make  is  to  that  end.  Free  trade  is  no  tariff  at  all ; 
and  yet  the  infernal  lying  black  Republican  continually 
says  the  Democrats  made  free  trade,  when  we  never 
had  free  trade.  Nearly  every  black  Republican  speaker 
tells  the  people  that  they  are  the  friends  of  the  laborer. 
Now,  all  the  European  nations,  we  may  say  all,  and 
they  and  these  black  infernals  have  the  same  principles, 
and  here  as  there  the  infernal  aristocrats  are  doing  all 
they  can  to  keep  the  property  in  the  hands  of  the  few. 
In  short,  aristocracy,  here  as  there,  work  to  make  the 
rich  richer  and  the  poor  poorer.  Bank,  tariff,  railroads 
and  land  in  a  few  hands,  monopoly  in  navigation  and 
trade  ;  these  five  are  held  by  the  infernal  aristocrats 
here,  the  same  as  there,  as  principles.  Many  fools 
think  the  stealings  are  what  an  officer  steals  out  of  the 
treasury,  or  money  going  through  his  hands.  This  is 
done  to  some  extent,  but  that  is  but  a  trifle  what  the 
five  marked  above  are  ;  and  those  five  use  the  stealings 
that  make  the  rich  richer  and  the  poor  poorer ;  and 
the  mass  of  people  do  not  see.  This  is  the  new  sys- 
tem of  slavery.  First  the  thieves  had  white  slavery, 
then  black  slavery.  The  fools  have  learned  those,  and 
the  infernal  robbers  had  to  let  go  on  them.  So  they 
took  up  the  new  system,  which  the  four  million  fools 
and  thieves  cannot  see.  The  Democrats,  being  far 
of  the  thieves  in  the  lead,  that  is,  being  more  in  knowl- 


i 


TARIFF.  407 

edge  of  government  than  the  thieves,  can  see  this  steal- 
ing game.  The  Democrats  are  a  sujDcrior  class  of  so- 
ciety ;  they  are  far  in  advance  of  the  black  imps  in  the 
knowledge  of  government,  and  also  of  morals  in  gov- 
ernment. "  We  stoop  to  conquer,"  all  is  fair  in  pol- 
itics, you  \^■ill  not  hear  from  a  Democrat.  A  black  re- 
publican liar  and  cheat  and  thief,  he  believes  like  his 
leader  Hamilton,  that  corruption  is  necessary  in  gov- 
ernment. The  Democratic  policy  is  that  honesty  is 
essential  in  government  the  same  as  society,  and  Ihey 
can  not  be  separated.  He  who  is  a  knave  in  politics 
is  a  knave  in  business,  and  that  is  certainly  so.  That 
is  the  reason  we  have  gone  back  one  hundred  years  in 
morals  in  the  last  twenty-four  years.  The  black  infer- 
nals  have  corrupted  and  degraded  the  people  by  the 
practice  of  the  new  system  of  slavery,  that  it  is  woeful 
to  behold.  And  they  have  traditionally  taught  immor- 
ality to  the  mass  of  people. 


CHAPTER  XXV. 

TARIFF. 

The  factories  have  no  competition  between  them- 
selves ;  and  the  high,  protective,  robbing  tariff  prevents 
foreign  competition.  Every  person  knows  how  they 
manage  when  there  isan  overproduction,  they  quit  work 
for  a  time.  All  have  seen  notices  that  such  a  factory 
is  about  to  stop  work,  or  has  quit  work,  or  is  going  to 
work  on  half  time,  oris  working  on  half  time;  and  we 
all  know  that  this  country  exports  a  hundred  millions 
or  more  goods  to  other  countries.  They  go  to  differ- 
ent places.  -Most  persons  also  know  that  sewing  ma- 
chines were  sent  to  Europe  and  sold  for  twenty  to 
thirty  dollars,  when  the  brutes  were  selling  them  here 
for  three  or  four  times  as  much.  What  should  we 
think  of  such  inhuman  wretdies  ?  The  United  States 
pay  but  little  more  wages  in  the  factories  than  the 
British  do  ;  and  the  British  pay  more   than  the  Ger- 


4o8  THE  workingman's  guide, 

mans  and  the  other  European  countries  do.  But  no- 
tice the  British  are  mostly  free  trade.  Germany  is  a 
tariff  country,  and  yet  the  British  pay  more  wages  in 
the  factories  than  the  Germans  do.  Does  this  look 
like  a  high  tariff  ?  Increases  wages  none,  but  black 
republicans  will  say  so.  The  four  million  serfs  will 
say  so;  they  will  say  anything  for  their  masters.  But 
if  high  tariff  increases  wages,  how  comes  the  wages  so 
low  in  countries  w^here  they  always  had  high  tariff-f* 
Those  points  do  not  agree  ;  they  have  had  low  wages 
for  many  ages.  Now,  if  you  will  be  honest  and  try 
to  see  into  the  matter,  we  will  teach  you  the  bottom  se- 
cret of  the  matter.  We  will  ask  you  a  question. 
Where  the  property  is  all  in  the  hands  of  a  few,  are 
wages  high  there  ?  No,  they  are  low.  We  can  give 
5^ou  the  reason  that  they  are  low.  A  great  many  men 
in  average  circumstances  must  be  made  poor  to  make 
a  millionaire.  We  can  tell  you  the  average  property 
to  each  individual  in  the  United  States,  and  you  put 
on  your  considering  cap,  and  take  your  slate  and  pen- 
cil, and  see  how  many  times  834  (which  is  the  average 
property  of  each)  is  contained  into  a  million,  and  you 
will  find  it  a  trifle  over  1203.  So,  you  see  it  takes  the 
property  of  1200  persons  to  make  a  millionaire;  and 
that  millionaire  did  not  make  any  money.  Those  kind 
of  beasts  do  not  make  any  money,  they  do  not  work. 
Then  this  money,  all  of  it,  must  be  stolen  ;  robbed 
out  of  the  people.  You  may  call  it  what  you  please, 
but  we  think  a  man  can  not  make  a  million  of  dollars 
without  doing  some  dishonest  tricks.  If  a  man  worth 
one  million  had  to  take,  cheat,  or  steal,  or  rob  the 
property  of  1200  people,  then  a  man  worth  five  mil- 
lion would  have  the  property  of  6,000  people ;  of  ten 
millions,  12,000  ;  of  forty  milHons,  48,000  ;  of  fifty  mil- 
lions, 60,000;  of  a  hundred  millions,  120,000.  That 
is  the  amount  that  the  old  Vanderbilt  robbed  the  peo- 
ple out  of,  and  his  son,  William,  is  said  to  be  worth 
two  hundred  millions.  He  holds  the  property  of  .:40,- 
000  human  beings.  And  out  of  those  who  had  to 
contribute    to  his  great  wealth,  it  is  reasonable   that 


TARIFF.  409 

25,000  to  50,000  were  made  paupers  ;  and  many  thou- 
sands who  were  in  good  situations  were  made  to  de- 
pend on  their  daily  labor  for  bread.  Now,  where 
there  are  so  many  laborers  the  price  falls,  just  like 
any  commodity,  goods,  wares  or  merchandise.  We 
notice  that  labor  has  been  reduced  much  in  the  last 
twenty-four  years,  and  we  notice  that  thousands  of 
men,  not  worth  their  shoes  on  their  feet,  have  become 
very  rich.  And  in  all  countries,  we  notice  the  more 
rich,  the  more  you  will  see  that  the  more  poor  will  op- 
press thy  sight.  But  the  black  fanatic  Republican 
still  provokes  your  sense  by  saying  the  high  protec- 
tive tariff  increases  wages,  A  greater  lie  can  not  be 
told.  The  tariff  of  today  nearly  doubles  the  price  of 
articles  when  they  come  to  the  consumer.  This  also 
makes  more  poverty  and  more  laborers,  and  they  have 
to  labor  more  days  to  buy  provisions  and  clothing,  to 
keep  body  and  soul  together.  We  can  see  that  times 
are  getting  worse  and  worse,  and  the  optimist  looks 
on  the  bright  side,  (may  heaven  assist  him  to  find  a 
bright  side)  and  he  says  times  are  improving.  That  is 
only  in  his  fancy.  Times  will  not  get  good  until  we 
stop  the  infernal  thieves  robbing  and  lying  and  plun- 
dering the  people.  Look  at  the  bill  the  internals  have 
stolen  from  the  people.  No  wonder  we  have  hard 
times.  No  other  people  could  stand  to  have  so  much 
stolen  from  them.  O  you  egregious  simpletons,  to  let 
the  thieves  steal  so  much  from  you,  and  help  them  to 
steal  it,  and  then  cry  hard  times.  Every  man  in  the 
factories  in  the  United  States  turns  out  $1960  worth 
of  goods.  In  England,  each  man  turns  out  less  than 
$1,200.  Now  see  the  difference.  That  is  more  dif- 
ference than  there  is  in  the  wages.  I  should  like  to 
know  if  the  Black  Infernal  can  give  the  American  la- 
borer credit  for  that.  We  can  make  goods  the  cheap- 
est. 

We  say  again,  that  we  can  manufacture  goods 
cheaper  than  they  can  in  England.  We  do  not  pay 
twenty-five  per  cent,  larger  wages  than  they  do,  and 
we  make  over  sixty-one  per  cent,  more  goods  to  the 


4IO  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

man.  We  say  again  to  the  sceptic,  set  down  1,200,  what 
the  British  make  worth  of  goods  in  a  year,  and  add 
two  ciphers  to  it,  and  divide  by  1,960,  what  the  Unit- 
ed States  make  to  the  man,  and  the  quotient  is  over 
61  per  cent.  Again,  we  pay  25  per  cent,  more  wages 
than  the  EngHsh  do,  and  we  make  to  the  man  61  per 
cent,  more  goods  to  the  man.  But  we  are  acquainted 
with  the  beast ;  he  will  say,  that  is  not  so,  he  says  it  is 
a  lie.  That  is  what  you  may  expect.  You  catch  a 
thief  stealing,  and  ten  to  one  he  will  deny  it ;  but  we 
will  fasten  it  on  the  thief  so  firmly  that  every  one  who 
wants  to  find  the  truth  will  be  satisfied,  all  but  the 
four  million  thieves,  they  never  can  be  convinced. 
The  black  republican  thief  by  protection,  he  means, 
rob  the  poor  and  give  it  to  the  rich.  It  would  look 
better  to  give  to  the  poor  than  to  steal  from  them; 
but  the  motto  of  the  infernals  is  "steal  when  you  can." 
But  to  the  poor  they  say,  we  protect  the  laborer. 
They  lie  and  they  know  it,  and  he  is  a  silly  gull  who 
believes  a  word  they  say  in  politics.  A  sensible  man 
who  is  honest  and  intelligent  does  not  believe  a  black 
Republican  a  word  that  he  says  about  politics,  because 
he  knows  they  live  by  class  legislation,  that  is  by  rob- 
bery and  theft ;  and  a  man  who  steals  will  lie  to  cover 
his  crime  and  get  a  man  to  vote  for  that  class  legis- 
lation. He  is  a  barbarian,  who  believes  what  an  infer- 
nal black  Republican  says  about  politics,  because  a 
black  imp  is  a  barbarian  in  politics,  thousands  of  years 
behind  the  Democracy,  who  are  for  equal  and  exact 
justice  to  all  men  in  politics,  and  no  robbery,  no  steal- 
ing, perfect  honesty  and  truth  in  politics.  The  black 
Republican  creed  is,  "All  is  fair  in  politics,  and  we 
stoop  to  conquer";  that  is,  we  lie,  cheat,  steal  and  buy 
votes  to  carry  the  elections,  and  buy  Congressmen 
like  cattle  in  the  market ;  and  the  Octopus  Railroad 
did  buy  them.  The  serf  and  parasite  who  does  the 
bidding  of  the  vile  aristocracy  is  as  much  of  a  bar- 
barian as  the  serf  of  feudal  times,  and  worse,  as  this 
British  slavery  is  ten  times  worse  than  old  slavery. 
But  the  serf  obeys  his  master.     The   Democrat  obeys 


TARIFF.  411 

his  sense  and  reason ;  he  takes  nature  for  his  guide 
and  studies  her  ways,  and  then  he  has  a  safe  guide  ; 
and  in  that  manner  the  Democrats  will  be  the  sov- 
ereigns of  the  earth  ;  and  they  are  destined  to  rule. 
Right  will  prevail.  The  teledu  has  no  idea  of  liberty 
and  independence,  he  only  knows  what  his  master 
tells  him.  He  says  "the  rich  have  always  ruled  and 
always  will."  He  might  as  well  say,  vice  and  villainy, 
robbery  and  murder,  fraud  and  deceit,  poverty  and 
distress,  lying  and  cheating  have  always  predominated 
and  ruled  the  world,  and  they  always  will.  This  is 
the  way  aristocracy  has  always  ruled,  and  it  is  time 
that  we  have  a  different  government.  He  must  be  a 
vile  miscreant,  a  degraded  reptile,  and  infamous  beast 
who  wants  a  continuation  of  such  infernal  despotism. 
We  say  labor  must  govern  He  who  earns  all  must 
say  how  we  shall  be  governed.  The  first  thing  to  do 
is  to  seek  what  is  right,  and  then  go  ahead  and  per- 
form it.  The  black  tyrant  has  no  conception  of  what 
is  right;  he  never  thinks  if  a  measure  is  right;  he 
does  not  care  for  right,  justice,  truth,  honesty.  No; 
they  have  no  weight  with  him,  his  balance  does  not 
weigh  such  immaterial  things.  All  he  wants  to  do  is 
to  rob,  steal,  and  lie,  and  plunder  money.  Money  is 
all  his  soul  craves  for,  no  matter  how  he  gets  it,  if  he 
only  gets  it.  Mind  the  rallying  cry  is.  Labor  must 
govern.  Keep  that  in  your  mind,  and  do  not  be  led 
off  your  course.  Do  not  listen  to  third  parties,  they 
are  traps  for  to  catch  the  people;  do  not  be  silly  gulls 
and  be  caught  in  those  man-traps.  The  aristocrats  set 
those  traps  to  catch  gulls,  so  they  can  have  British 
slavery  in  this  country.  What  good  did  it  do  for  any 
man  to  vote  for  sore-headed  Butler;  none.  Every  per- 
son knew  before  the  election  that  the  imp  could  not 
be  elected.  So  with  others  of  that  stripe.  It  is  folly 
for  Democrats  to  vote  for  third  parties.  It  is  well  for 
the  four  million  thieves  to  vote  for  third  parties,  be- 
cause there  never  was,  and  never  will  be,  a  party  so 
injurious  to  the  country  as  that  party;  and  if  they  vote 
for  a  third  party,  they  will  injure  the  country  less  than 


412  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

by  voting  for  the  infernal  black  Republicans.  The 
workingmen  must  vote  for  the  Democracy,  that  is  the 
highest  government  in  the  whole  world. 

Democracy  is  but  a  boy  yet,  but  a  man  he  will  make 
as  the  world  never  produced  such  a  prodigy  before, 
and  never  can.  Nature  has  made  her  greatest  effort. 
We  say  to  the  workingmen,  Go  for  the  wonderful  boy, 
he  will  lead  you  to  honor  and  integrity,  to  truth  and 
veracity,  to  peace  and  plenty,  to  virtue  and  happiness, 
to  health  and  pleasure.  We  say  again,  and  always 
will  say  as  long  as  truth  is  part  of  our  composition, 
and  we  will  say  as  long  as  life  endures  in  us,  Go  for 
the  boy,  and  help  him  to  manhood.  Will  you  do  so, 
workingman  ?  We  say,  Yes,  yes.  The  infernal  black 
Republicans  stocked  the  cards  on  the  people,  and  they 
employed  the  president  of  Pandemonium  to  help  stock 
them,  and  the  pack  of  cards  was  a  black  Republican 
pack  of  cards,  and  the  infernal  scamps  dealt  them  and 
gave  the  tartarean  villains  ist,  British  banking ;  2d, 
old  British  high  tariff  ;  3d,  stock-watered  railroads  ;  4th, 
lands  given  to  aristocracy ;  5th,  monopoly  in  every- 
thing. And  they  dealt  to  the  people  ist,  hard  work, 
2d,  low  wages,  3d,  British  slavery,  4th,  pauperism, 
5th,  starvation.  And  the  hand  of  the  infernal  black 
Republicans  being  the  best  five  cards  in  their  pack, 
they  won  the  greatest  stake  that  was  ever  played  for, 
and  they  swept  the  money  off  of  the  board  into  their 
Stygian  money  bags.  The  people  remonstrated  against 
the  game  from  the  beginning.  It  was  twenty-four 
years  being  played.  The  people  were  opposed  to  the 
game  from  the  start,  and  said  it  was  all  a  fraud,  and 
the  cards  were  a  fraud  ;  and  they  said  the  cards  that 
they  dealt  to  themselves  were  the  greatest  fraud  that 
ever  were  stocked  in  any  game.  And  they  said,  also, 
that  nine-tenths  of  the  money  was  theirs.  And  they 
gave  notice  that  they  would  not  abide  by  the  fraud  of 
the  infernals,  and  the  people  called  in  the  Democrats 
to  settle  the  dispute.  The  amount  in  dispute  is  $7S,- 
000,000,000,  which  the  rascals  should  pay  or  be  put 
on  Mimalaya's  toj^most  pinnacle.      The  infernal  black 


TARIFF.  413 

Republican  speakers  say  that  the  profits  of  the  manu- 
facturer was  less  when  the  tariff  was  greatest.  He  al- 
so said  when  the  tariff  was  highest  wages  were  high- 
est. Now,  both  of  these  assertions  are  infamous  lies. 
The  reverse  is  the  fact.  When  the  tariff  was  high  the 
manufacturer's  profit  is  great,  and  when  the  tariff  is 
high  the  net  wages  are  less,  as  he  has  to  pay  more  to 
live.  Now  you  can  see  what  a  liar  a  Republican  is, 
and  what  fools. 

The  infernal,  lying,  black  Republican  says  he  noticed 
that  some  journal  said  that  the  laborers  received  72 
per  cent,  of  the  products  of  their  labor.  He  lies  ;  no 
one  said  so  but  himself.  Again  he  says  that  it  is  esti- 
mated that  the  laborer  gets  80  per  cent,  of  the  pro- 
ductions. The  black  Republicans  are  the  greatest 
fools  and  knaves  in  the  country,  to  believe  or  say  such 
lies  ;  any  man  knows  better  ;  some  few  of  the  internals 
know  better,  but  they  think  that  it  is  smart,  as  it  will 
get  votes  for  their  ticket.  Shame  !  The  profits  the 
factories  got  in  iSSowas  37  per  cent,  and  a  little  over 
that.  This  again  proves  that  a  black  Republican  in- 
fernal is  a  barbarian,  as  he  has  no  moral  principle.  No 
one  is  protected  by  the  tariff  but  the  manufacturer  and 
the  merchant,  as  the  last  named  person  gets  his  profit 
on  the  tariff,  as  the  more  the  merchant  pays  for  his 
goods,  the  more  his  profit  will  be.  Suppose  a  mer- 
chant makes  his  50  per  cent,  on  the  cost  of  his  goods, 
and  suppose  he  pays  one  dollar  for  an  article;  then 
he  will  sell  it  for  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents.  But  sup- 
pose the  same  article  has  a  tariff  on  it  of  fifty  cents  ; 
then  the  merchant  would  have  to  sell  the  same  article 
for  $2.25.  You  see,  his  per  cent,  on  the  fifty  cents 
would  be  twenty-five  cents,  and  fifty  plus  twenty-five 
equals  seventy-five;  and  the  price  before,  ^1.50  plus 
.75  equals  $2.25.  Or  in  another  way,  the  goods  cost 
^i.oo,  plus  tariff,  .50,  equals  $1.50,  what  the  merchant 
must  give  for  the  article.  On  the  $1.50  his  profit  of 
50  per  cent.,  or  one-half  more,  would  be  .75  ;  so  the 
cost,  ^1.50  added  to  profits  .75,  equals  $2.25.  So  you 
perceive  the  cost  is  almost  two  and    one  half  times 


414  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

the  cost  of  the  article  ;  and  we  may  safely  say  that  the 
tariff  more  than  doubles  the  price  of  the  goods  by  the 
time  they  get  into  the  hands  of  the  consumer;  and  as 
the  goods  often  go  through  several  hands,  they  cost 
the  consumer  three  times  the  first  cost  of  the  goods. 
We  have  sometimes  solved  some  intricate  problems, 
but  we  must  confess  that  here  is  a  problem  we  cannot 
begin  to  solve,  cannot  comprehend  at  all.  How  an 
apparently  intelligent  man  can  give  a  drone  his  earn- 
ings, double  what  he  should,  and  he  get  nothing  but 
the  gratification  of  spite  against  the  opposite  party, 
and  the  pleasure  of  having  his  party  win.  We  say  we 
cannot  solve  the  question,  how  a  fool  can  be  so  infat- 
uated, and  have  the  facts  so  obscu  re  as  to  make  the 
rich  man  richer,  and  the  poor  poorer,  and  make  slaves 
of  his  own  children,  and  relations,  and  posterity,  is 
a  recondite  and  obscure  problem,  a  Newton  could 
not  solve. 

AN  EXPOSITION  OF    THE  BLACK  TARIFF  OF     U.    S.    IN    1880. 

Products  of  all  the  factories,  value $5,369,571,191 

Capital  of  all  of  them 2,738,859,000 

Materials  used  in  the  factories,  value.  .  3,398,823,549 
The  wages  given  to  all  the  laborers,  cash  947^95  3795 
No.  of  hands  employed »  .  .  . .  2,738,859 

Now,  if  we  annex  two  ciphers  to  the  amount  the 
laborer  receives,  and  divide  it  by  the  amount  of  the 
value  of  the  products,  the  quotient  is  the  per  cent,  the 
laborer  gets  of  the  production.  That  is,  5,369,571.191 
into  947,953,795.00,  is  17.654  per  cent,  for  labor. 

And  if  you  divide  the  whole  production  by  the 
whole  number  of  hands  employed,  we  get  the  amount 
that  each  laborer  produces  in  a  year.  That  is,  2,738,- 
859  into  5,369,571,191  is  1,960  dollars' worth  of  goods 
each  person  employed  produces  in  a  year,  or  each  per- 
son made  $1,960  goods  a  year. 

And  if  we  divide  the  whole  amount  the  laborers  re- 
ceived by  the  number  of  hands,  and  get  what  each 
man  received  yearly.  That  is,  2,738,859  into  947,- 
953,795  is  346  dollars  each  person  received  yearly. 


TARIFF.  415 

And  if  we  divide  the  amount  a  person  receives  a 
year  by  the  number  of  days  in  a  year,  that  is  working 
days,  which  is  313,  and  we  get  what  each  person  re- 
ceives a  day.  That  is,  346  divided  by  313  is  $1.10  a 
day. 

And  if  we  add  the  cash  paid  for  wages,  ^947,953,- 
795  to  the  cost  of  materials,  which  is  ^3,398,823,549, 
we  have  the  expenses  ^4,346,777,344;  and  if  we  sub- 
tract expenses  from  the  products  $5,369,571,191  less 
$4,346,777,344,  and  we  have  $1,022,793,847,  what  the 
manufacturers  made  yearly  by  their  own  showing. 

And  if  we  annex  two  ciphers  to  the  profits  of  the 
mans,  and  divide  by  the  capital.  That  is,  ^2,738,859.00 
into  $1,022,793,847.00,  is  37.34  per  cent,  the  manufac- 
turers made. 

And  if  we  divide  the  profits  of  the  mans  by  the  num- 
ber of  the  laborers.  That  is,  1,022,793,847  divided  by 
$2,738,859  hands,  and  we  have  $373.44,  which  the 
manufacturer  makes  off  every  man  he  employs  ;  he 
makes  more  than  all. 

TARIFF  MANUFACTURES  OF     187O,  WOOLEN. 

The  capital  of  all  the  factories $355520,527  00 

The  hands  paid,  cash .  .    10,937,877  00 

The  materials  used 40,461,300  00 

The  products 8,865,963  00 

Hands,  number  of 48,900  00 

Number  of  factories  . , 1,909  00 

From  which  find  that  the  laborers  re- 
ceived a  year ...    223  68 

And  the  laborers  received  each  day.  71.5 

From  which  it  appears  the  manufacturers'  profit  was 
49.17  per  cent.  From  which  we  find  the  manufacturers 
cleared  $17,466,768.  And  we  also  find  that  the  la- 
borers received  not  quite  16  per  cent,  of  the  products. 
From  which  it  appears  the  manufacturers  received  $1.50 
for  every  person,  they  that  worked  for  them  a  day 
more  than  twice  as  much  as  the  hands  received,  as 
they  poor,  oppressed  and  enslaved  beings  got  71^  cts. 
a  day. 


4i6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

COTTON  FACTORIES  OF  U.  S.,  187O. 

Capital. „... . $140,706,291 

Material    ii 7,737,686 

Hands 11 8,920 

Paid  for  labor , 39,044,132 

Products II  5,237,926 

Number  of  factories » . « c , 956 

From  which  we  find  the  capital  exceeds  the  products. 
The  army  and  navy  of  the  United  States  is,  army  25,- 
000,  navy  8,250,  both  33,250,  and  it  costs  each  man  a 
year  $1520.  What  say  you  to  that  ?  four  millions  eyes 
right,  left  well  done ;  the  French,  $250  to  the  man,  the 
English  $550  to  the  man.  Now  we  think  $720  to  the 
man  is  too  much,  but  we  shall  make  out  our  bill  at  the 
cost;  so  then  we  have  33,250  men,  at  $800  stolen  to 
the  man,  and  33,250  multiplied  by  5^800,  is  $26,600,000 
stolen  every  year,  and  that  $26,600,000  every  year, 
at  compound  interest  for  24  years,  amounts  to  $1,355,- 
082,050;  one  dollar  every  year,  and  compounded, 
amounts  to  $50,815,777;  multiply  by  26,600,000  and  we 
get  $1,355,082,050  as  we  said.  This  is  infernal  steal- 
ing ;  the  world  cannot  equal  the  infernals  in  steal- 
ing. 

The  capital  of  them  all $2,1 18.206,769 

The  material  used 2,488,427,242 

The  labor  cost 775^5^4^34^ 

The  products  4,232,325,442 

The  number  of  hands 2,053,996 

The  number  of  factories 252,148 

If  we  add  the  cost  of  labor,  $775,584,343,  to  cost  of 
material,  $2,488,427,242,  and  the  expenses  $3,264,01 1,- 
585,  which  being  taken  from  $4,232,325,442,  the  prod- 
ucts, and  we  have  left  what  they  made,  $968,313,857 
profit  one  year. 

And  if  we  add  two  ciphers  to  the  profits,  $96,831,- 
385,700,  and  divide  by  the  capital  $2,218,208,769,  and 
the  quotient  is  nearly  46  per  cent,  profit  for  one  year's 
work.  Notice,  the  per  cent,  profit  of  1880  was  but 
37.34  per  cent. 

And  if  wcadd  two  ciphers  to  price  of  labor,  $77,558,- 


TARIFF.  4  I  7 

434,300,  and  divide  it  by  the  value  of  the  products,  $4,- 
232,325,442,  and  we  get  the  percentage  the  laborer 
gets  of  the  products.  Try  it,  and  you  will  see  18.32 
per  cent,  of  the  products.  That  is,  the  laborer  receiv- 
ed 18,32  percent.,  and  in  1880  he  received  17.34  per 
cent. 

And  if  we  divide  the  amount  paid  for  labor  ^^775,- 
584,348,  by  the  number  of  laborers,  2,053,996,  and  the 
quotient  is  the  amount  each  laborer  gets  a  year.  In 
1870    he    received    $377.60.       In    1880    he     received 

$346. 

And  if  we  divide  the  amount  a  laborer  receives  a 
year,  by  the  working  days  in  a  year,  that  is,  377.60  di- 
vided by  313  equals  120^,  nearly,  a  day.  You  will 
notice  that  in  1880  the  laborer  received  $1.10  a  day 
In  1870  $1.20^. 

And  if  we  divide  the  profits  of  the  manufacturers 
$968,313,857,  by  the  number  of  hands  2,053,996,  that 
will  be  $471.41,  the  amount  the  manufacturer  clears  on 
every  man  he  has  to  work.     The  man  gets  $377.60,  he 

gets  $47 1-4 1- 

And  if  you  divide  the  profits  of  each  man,  $471.41, 
by  the  number  of  the  days  in  a  year,  313,  and  we  get 
$1.50,  the  amount  the  manufacturer  makes  daily  off  of 
each  man  be  has  to  work  for  him.     Consider. 

MANUFACTURES    IN    THE    YEAR    1 860. 

Number  of  factories. 1 28,300 

Capital,  all  real  and  personal $1,050,000,000 

Raw  material  and  fuel 1,012,000,000 

Value  of  products 1,900,000,000 

Hands  employed 1,385,000 

BILL    AGAINST    THE    BANKERS. 

The  black  Republicans,  as  the  Government  gave 
the  black  Republicans  greenbacks,  as  bankers,  to  bank 
with,  to  be  returned,  and  ask  them  nothing  for  the  use 
of  the  money,  but  the  bankers  secure  the  Government 
that  they  shall  return  the  money,  by  depositing  with 
the  Government  as  much,  or  a  little  more,  in  United 
States  bonds,  than  the  amount  of  money  the  Govern- 
ment gave  them.      How  do  you  like  such  work,  work- 

27 


4i8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

ingman?  It  would  be  better  if  the  Government  had 
issued  that  amount,  and  paid  debts  with  and  saved 
money;  the  same  money  would  be  in  circulation  and 
the  same  security  would  be  in  the  one  case  as  the 
other,  the  United  States.  But  the  infernal,  low  rep- 
tiles are  bound  to  rob  the  people,  and  build  up  a  pack 
of  greedy,  Erebus  hounds,  to  rob  and  enslave  the  peo- 
ple. Think  of  this  diabolical  plan  to  rob  the  people, 
and  give  it  to  the  tartarean  imps.  Mind,  the  Govern- 
ment does  not  o^et  the  interest  on  the  bonds ;  the 
banker  takes  interest  on  the  bonds  and  interest  on  the 
Government  bills,  and  the  people  pay  the  banker  in- 
terest, and  the  banker  is  a  parasite,  lives  on  the  peo- 
ple, and  gives  nothing  for  it.  Such  are  the  beauties  of 
an  infamous  and  degenerate  black  Republican  thief, 
who  steals  the  people's  money.  The  Government  pays 
the  banker  interest  on  its  bonds,  and  lets  the  banker 
have  money  to  bank  with  for  nothing.  Abominations 
of  Erebus  can  not  exceed  this.  Why  do  the  thieves 
do  so.f*  We  have  told  you  often  ;  to  get  the  property 
in  a  few  hands,  and  make  paupers  and  then  slaves. 
The  amount  of  money  the  bankers  have  had  for  the 
last  24  years  has  averaged,  say,  ^500,000,000,  and  that 
money  was  loaned  out  to  the  people  for  6  per  cent,  to 
10  per  cent.,  say,  $500,000,000  at  6  per  cent.,  and  it  is 
thirty  millions  a  year,  and  this  thirty  millions  is  every 
year;  and  an  annuity  of  one  dollar  every  year  com- 
pounded for  24  years  amounts  to  $50,815,577  in  24 
years,  and  that  being  multiplied  by  thirty  niillions  a 
year  stealings,  and  we  get  $1,524,467,310. 

TARIFF    BEAUTIES. 

When  an  American  awakes  in  the  morning  his  eyes 
open  upon  the  walls  of  a  room  covered  with  paper, 
taxed  25  per  cent.,  and  he  steps  from  his  bed  taxed  35 
per  cent.,  from  under  blankets  taxed  60  per  cent.,  and 
out  on  a  carpet  taxed  74  percent.  He  draws  aside  the 
window  curtains  taxed  45  per  cent.,  and  looks  through 
glass  taxed  80  per  cent.,  to  see  how  the  untaxed 
weather  is  looking.  Throwing  off  his  night-shirt 
taxed    45  per  cent.,  he  j^uts  on    his  under-shirt  and 


TARIFF.  -  419 

stockings  taxed  75  per  cent.,  and  his  over-shirt  taxed 
45  per  cent.,  and  then  his  coat,  pants  and  vest  taxed 
48  per  cent.  Finding  a  button  gone,  he  has  it  sewed 
on  with  a  needle  taxed  25  per  cent,  and  a  spool  of 
thread  taxed  60  per  cent. ;  he  arranges  his  hair  with 
combs  and  brushes  taxed  40  per  cent.,  and  pares  his 
nails  with  a  pocket  knife  taxed  50  per  cent,  or  a  scis- 
sors taxed  45  per  cent.  Feeling  unwell,  he  takes  a 
dose  of  castor  oil  taxed  102  per  cent,  from  a  goblet 
taxed  45  per  cent.;  he  shaves  himself  before  a  mirror 
taxed  60  per  cent,  with  a  razor  taxed  45  percent.,  and 
uses  lather  from  soap  taxed  30  per  cent.;  he  starts 
the  fire  in  his  grate  taxed  45  per  cent,  with  coal 
taxed  60  per  cent,  and  boils  his  water  for  coffee  in  a 
kettle  taxed  53  per  cent  He  eats  for  breakfast  a  mack- 
eral  taxed  25  per  cent.,  and  rice  taxed  123  per  cent. ; 
his  salt  is  taxed  36  per  cent.,  and  the  sugar  he  uses  42 
per  cent ;  his  cups,  and  saucers,  and  plates  are  taxed  55 
per  cent. ;  he  smokes  a  cigar,  or  cigarette,  taxed  from 
75  to  200  per  cent.,  according  to  quality,  and  pre- 
pares for  his  daily  duties.  This  is  no  fancy  picture, 
but  one  drawn  from  the  revenue  laws  of  the  United 
States.  The  list  of  duties  on  necessities  indispensible 
to  daily  life  might  be  continued  with  hats,  boots,  shoes, 
overcoats,  gloves,  umbrellas,  neckties,  and  so  on  indef 
initely.  But  this  brief  and  truthful  review  of  what 
meets  the  ordinary  citizen  in  preparing  for  his  daily 
work,  will  call  public  attention,  at  least,  to  the  fact 
that  we  are  the  worst  tax  ridden  people  on  the  face 
of  the  globe,  and  that  but  for  the  wonderfully  produc- 
tive capacity  of  the  country  and  the  vitality  of  our  in- 
stitutions we  could  not  endure  it.  The  above  is  taken 
from  the  San  Francisco  "Examiner."  When  we  asked 
the  black  Republican,  if  he  thought  a  man  a  good 
citizen  who  upheld  the  manufacturers  in  taking  37 
per  cent,  profit  on  their  capital,  when  the  whole  coun- 
try did  not  pay  3  per  cent,  to  the  people,  he  answer- 
ed us  as  every  honest  man  must.  He  said,  he  did  not 
think  he  was. 


420  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

A  BILL  OF  BLACK  REPUBLICAN^'STEALINGS. 

Black  Republicans  to  the  People  of  the  United  States : 

To  stealing  40  per  cent,  of  5  billions  of 

contracts  during  the  war $  2,000,000,000 

To  interest  on  the  same  for  20  years, 

compounded  at  6  per  cent 4,414,270,000 

To    selling  3  millions    bonds  at    half 

price 1,500,000,000 

To  interest  on  the  same  for  20  years, 

at  6  per  cent 3,310,000,000 

To  stealing  forage  and  provision  from 

the  South 500,000,000 

To  interest  compounded  at  6  per  cent. 

for  20  years 1,103,000,000 

The  Army  and  Navy  are  33,250,  mul- 
tiply by  800  wegels . .  26,600,000 

And    that  compounded  as  an  annuity, 

24    years _ 1,355,082,050 

The  Bankers  to  500  millions  at  6  per 
cent,  for  24  years  is  30  millions,  and 
that  compounded  for  24  years 1,524,467,310 

To  stealing  on  the  Western  Telegraph 
60  millions  watered  stock,  is  at  40 
per  cent.  $24'ooo,ooo  yearly,  and 
for  twenty  years,  as  an  annuity  at  6 
per  cent,  compounded,  is 832,854,184 

To   300  millions  acres  of  land  at  $10 

an  acre 3,000,000,000 

To  stealing  by  high  tariff  to  manufac- 
turers 331^  per  cent.  37,704,535,886 

To  merchants'  profits  on  those  steal- 
ings        11,431, 787,387 

Railroad,  Dr.,  40,000  watered  stock  to 

the  mile 8,969,068,800 

The  great  whiskey  ring 1 14,967,907 

Central  and  Union   Pacific,  see  below         388,023,077 


^,075,650,601 
The  last  two  items  on  cash  bill 2,255,000,000 

$80,327,656,601 


DEGRADATION    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  42 1 

Which  is  80  billions,  327  millions,  656  thousands  and 
60 [.  The  Central  and  Union  Pacific  Railroad  re- 
ceipts, together,  are  about  $50,000,000  a  year,  and 
their  expenses  about  half  of  that,  which  is  $25,000,000, 
left.  These  two  roads  are  the  greatest  extortioners 
in  the  United  States,  and  it  has  often  been  proposed  to 
reduce  it  50  per  cent.  $50,000,000  divided  by  four  is 
$12,500,000.  The  idea  was  to  take  25  per  cent,  from 
the  gross  receipts,  and  we  have  $12,500,000  for  both 
roads.  Multiply  by  $3,785,591,  amount  of  annuity  on 
one  dollar  for  20  years  at  6  per  cent.,  and  we  have 
$388,023,077.  This  is  not  too  much.  We  reduce 
25  per  cent.,  only,  when  the  infernal  brutes  charge 
about  double  what  the  Eastern  roads  do,  and  they 
are  subject  to  the  general  rebate  of  40,000  watered 
stock  a  mile.  Yet  the  man.  Jay  Gould,  under  oath 
swore  that  he  knew  nothing  of  any  watered  stock. 
Now  we  will  wager  that  it  was  by  watered  stock  that 
he  made  his  great  pile. 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 

DEGRADATION    OF    ARISTOCRACY. 

When  you  charge  the  black  Republican  aristocracy 
with  being  liars  and  thieves,  they  will  retort  that  they 
are  no  worse  than  the  opposite  party,  and  if  a  change 
should  be  made,  the  same  stealings  would  be  done. 
Now,  suppose  that  you  should  have  a  man  arrested 
for  robbing  a  bank  of  forty  thousand  dollars,  and  it 
was  plainly  and  positively  proved  against  him;  do  you 
think  that  the  plea  that  all  of  the  people  would  do  the 
same  would  acquit  him  ?  Or  if  a  merchant  had  a  clerk 
in  his  store,  and  it  was  proved  that  he  stole  ten  thou- 
sand dollars;  do  you  suppose  that  if  the  clerk  should 
tell  him  that  all  clerks  would  steal,  so  he  might  as  well 
keep  him  and  lose  the  money,  do  you  think  the  mer- 
chant would  keep  him  any  longer  ?  We  think  he 
would  send  him   up,  and  get  another  clerk.      That  is 


42  2  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

the  very  argument  the  infatuated  and  foolish  simple- 
tons are  giving  the  people,  if  they  are  charged  with 
stealing.  Nothing  is  too  foolish  and  mean  for  the  in- 
fernals  to  tell  their  serfs ;  but  they  will  believe  them, 
and  then  bruit  it  all  over  the  country,  like  a  pack  of 
tartarean  bloodhounds.     Another   arsfument    the    de- 

o 

graded  scamps  are  giving  the  people.  Not  long  ago 
we  told  a  man  that  the  railroads  were  charging  too 
much  for  fares  and  freights.  He  answered  that  all 
men  would  do  the  same  if  they  had  the  opportunity. 
Shocking,  that  a  man  would  so  degrade  himself  as  to 
talk  in  that  manner!  Shame,  shame!  There  is  a 
great  and  grievous  wrong  done  to  the  people;  and 
some  say,  Let  us  put  a  stop  to  such  work.  All  honest 
men  say  that  is  right,  and  they  take  means  to  stop  it ; 
but  a  pack  of  thieves  and  robbers  assist  the  railroads, 
and  nothins:  can  be  done.  The  railroads  refuse  to 
pay  their  taxes.  The  people  take  steps  to  compel 
them  to  pay.  But  the  railroads  buy  up  assemblymen, 
and  they  do  not  pay  their  taxes,  and  their  parasites 
and  slaves  are  hilarious  and  jubilant  over  it.  What  if 
a  man  had  presaged  that  such  iniquity  would  take 
place  in  this  country ;  those  very  men  would  have 
said  that  he  was  a  great  fool.  We  have  said  that  the 
black  Republicans  are  infernals;  and  again  we  say 
that  if  there  are  such  tartareans,  then  the  black  Repub- 
licans are  the  very  beasts,  brutes,  or  reptiles  answering 
to  that  cognomen.  The  black  Republicans  are  free- 
booters, and  they  have  four  million  thieves  to  assist 
them  to  rob,  steal,  and  plunder.  The  whole  end  and 
aim  of  the  black  Republicans  is  to  rob,  steal,  and 
cheat  from  the  people.  They  all  unite  on  that.  They 
have  always  done  that  and  always  will,  as  long  as  the 
people  will  be  fools  enough  to  allow  them  to.  They 
have  taken  forty-seven  percent,  of  their  capital  in  i860 
the  manufactories  of  the  United  States.  Is  that  rob- 
bing and  stealing  that  will  please  a  fool,  black  Repub- 
lican, because  it  will  impoverish  the  poor  and  enrich 
the  wealthy  ?  Any  man  with  an  ounce  of  brains  can 
see  that  it  will   produce  slavery.     I  asked  a  black  Re- 


DEGRADATION    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  423 

publican  if  a  man  who  upheld  such  work  was  a  good 
citizen.  He  said  he  was  not.  They  made  forty-six 
per  cent,  in  1870.  How  long  will  it  be,  at  that  rate, 
before  we  are  all  slaves  to  the  rich  ?  That  is  what  they 
are  working  for,  and  if  the  people  are  fools,  as  they 
have  been  for  twenty-four  years,  the  property  will  be 
in  a  few  hands,  and  then  we  can  say,  Farewell  Liberty, 
Now,  we  can  say  that  we  have  not  seen  such  infatua- 
tion anywhere  in  history,  in  ancient  or  modern  times. 
We  must  say  that  if  you  read  all  history  since  man  has 
been  on  the  earth,  you  will  not  find  such  infernal  fools 
as  the  black  Republicans  are.  They  are  giving  the 
country  away  to  a  few  men,  and  three  hundred  million 
acres  of  land  they  have  given  away.  Have  you  ever 
seen  such  fools,  or  ever  heard  of  such  crazy  idiots 
since  you  were  born }  They  give  and  get  nothing, 
and  all  this  infatuation  is  done  to  make  slaves  of  the 
people.  Only  one  ounce  of  brains  is  necessary  to  see 
it ;  but  an  infernal,  crazy,  black  Republican  has  not 
that  amount  of  brains,  or  he  would  not  work  so  deter- 
minedly to  make  a  slave  of  himself  and  family;  and 
for  what.'*  Who  can  tell  ?  To  gratify  his  party  spite. 
He  says,  "  My  party  wins."  Such  folly  never  was 
known  on  this  earth,  as  wicked  as  it  has  been.  And 
when  the  government  subsidies  given  to  the  railroads 
are  due,  the  sum  will  be  nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty 
millions  of  dollars  ;  and  Uncle  Sam  will  not  get  any- 
thing, because  there  is  a  mortgage  before  the  United 
States  mortgage.  The  railroads,  by  corruption  and 
fraud,  had  a  bill  passed  giving  the  mortgages  of  the 
companies  (bogus  ones)  the  preference  over  the  United 
States  mortgage ;  and  those  mortgages  are  as  much 
as  the  roads  are  worth.  They  have  done  all  they  could 
do  to  injure  the  people,  by  giving  their  property  away 
to  a  degraded  aristocracy. 

The  last  page  we  have  written  is  enough  to  send  a 
party  to  Erebus  if  we  gave  no  more  evidence.  It  will 
be  hard  for  an  honest  man  to  believe  it.  It  is  beyond 
all  infamy  that  has  ever  been  committed  in  the  world. 
Astonishing !  and  yet   they,   the  ones  that  have  done 


424  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

this  robbing  and  stealing,  pass  among  the  people  as 
good  citizens.  We  cannot  tell  what  will  be  done  to 
them,  but  we  say  they  should  be  punished,  and  we  pre- 
dict that  they  will  get  their  just  deserts.  They  may 
yet  call  to  the  rocks  and  the  mountains  to  fall  on  them. 
We  have  said  plenty  to  prove  our  propositions.  But 
it  is  but  a  beginning  of  what  you  will  get,  not  a  tithe 
is  yet  told.  Workingman,  you  have  to  pay  the  bill. 
What  do  you  think  of  it  .^^  It  is  infamous,  the  honest 
workingman  will  say.  But  it  will  not  alter  the  black 
Republican  stygian  scamp;  nothing  can  make  an  im- 
pression on  his  insignificant,  adamantine  soul.  i\n  im- 
pression could  sooner  be  made  on  the  moral  feelings 
of  a  wild  coyote.  By  their  works  ye  shall  know  them, 
and  a  tree  is  known  by  its  fruit.  So  you  will  know 
the  infernal,  aristocratic,  tartarean,  black  Republican 
party  by  its  acts,  which  are  to  be  ventilated,  dissected, 
and  vivisected.  Such  pollution  never  was  equaled  ;  it 
transcends  all  that  ever  was,  is,  or  will  be ;  it  is  unpar- 
alleled. The  infernals  have  taken  the  country  back  in 
morals  over  one  hundred  years,  and  they  know  it,  and 
it  is  just  what  they  wanted.  The  war  demoralized  the 
people ;  they  wish  to  degrade  the  people  and  impov- 
erish them,  and  then  they  can  easily  enslave  them. 
They  have  their  plans  all  laid,  and  by  their  tactics 
they  think  they  have  the  nation  fettered  ;  they  take  a 
step  in  advance  in  robbing,  and  stealing,  and  using 
silly  arguments,  and  telling  the  working  man  that  they 
are  for  high  wages,  for  the  purpose  of  sounding  the 
silly  geese,  and  trying  how  mucli  they  know,  and  what 
they  will  stand.  We  say  again  to  the  workingman, 
Follow  the  dictates  of  your  own  conscience,  and  the 
ideas  of  your  own  intelligence,  and  do  not  listen  at  all 
to  a  proud  but  soulless  horde  of  marauders.  It  looks 
unnatural  that  a  workingman  should  be  led  by  the  nose 
by  a  vicious,  infernal  aristocrat.  The  workingmen 
must  rule,  and  the  sooner  the  better  for  the  nation. 
Hut,  says  the  jDarasitic  black  Republican,  they  do  not 
know  how.  We  say  they  can  not  do  worse  than  the 
thieves  have. 


DKGRADATION    OF    ARISTOCRACY,  425 

The  government  is  like  the  people,  that  is,  the  indi- 
viduals point  out  the  kind  of  government  they  have. 
A  dishonest  and  ignorant  people  is  sure  to  have  an 
aristocratic  government.  That  is  the  reason  that  there 
were  no  democratic  governments  in  very  ancient 
times;  because  the  people  were  dishonest  and  igno- 
rant. So  we  can  see  that  an  ignorant  and  dishonest 
people  cannot  make  a  good  government ;  but  as  soon 
as  the  people  are  educated  and  moral,  a  democracy  is 
certain  to  follow.  An  inteUigent  man  will  sooner  die 
a  free  man  than  live  a  slave  ;  he  cannot  live  as  a  slave  ; 
he  is  a  natural  democrat ;  he  believes  in  liberty,  and 
he  will  lead  that  life  if  he  can.  He  does  not  believe 
in  robbing  his  race  in  political  matters  ;  and  remember 
that  government  under  aristocracy  is  the  greatest  sys- 
tem of  robbery  that  ever  the  sun  shone  upon.  Do  you 
know  that  aristocracy  are  the  greatest  thieves  in  the 
world  ?  They  always  have  lied  and  stolen  for  their 
living,  and  all  they  have  in  the  world  is  stolen  proper- 
ty (the  exceptions  are  rare).  They  are  a  dishonest, 
lying  pack  of  thieves.  If  they  were  honest,  they  would 
not  be  aristocrats.  Robbing  and  aristocracy  are  in- 
separable terms;  they  are  like  the  Siamese  twins. 
United  they  live,  divided  they  die.  They  can  no 
more  live  without  robbing  and  stealing,  than  an  ani- 
mal can  live  in  oxygen  gas.  They,  like  fish,  cannot 
live  out  of  their  natural  element — lying,  robbing  and 
stealing — without  that  they  become  extinct.  Now 
you  plainly  see  how  to  get  rid  of  aristocracy.  Do  not 
allow  them  to  steal,  rob  and  plunder,  and  they  must 
soon  die  out.  Their  blood  will  cease  to  circulate,  and 
their  hearts  will  be  still  as  death,  and  soon  they  will 
be  among  those  who  have  passed  over  the  Styx,  It  is 
possible  that  the  people  will  serve  the  stygian  aristoc- 
racy as  the  professor  does  the  leech,  when  it  has  gorg- 
ed itself  on  the  blood  of  the  patient ;  the  doctor  takes 
it  away,  and  holding  it  by  the  tail,  takes  his  thumb  and 
forefinger  and  strips  the  blood  out  of  it.  They  may 
have  to  disQ-oroe  their  ill-o-otten  stealino^s.  If  it  was  in 
private  matters,  the  law  would  reach  them.     They  have 


426  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

acquired  the  people's  property  by  lying  and  false  pre- 
tenses, so  plain  as  to  make  an  action  hold  good  in  pri- 
vate matters.  What  the  people  will  do,  we  cannot  tell. 
We  are  for  peace  ;  we  are  opposed  to  using  force  ;  we 
counsel  peace.  But  when  the  people  find  how  they 
have  been  robbed,  what  the  people  will  do  when  they 
find  how  they  have  been  swindled,  and  robbed,  and 
cheated  out  of  their  hard  earnings,  no  one  can  tell. 
If  they  have  any  spirit  in  their  systems,  it  will  perhaps 
be  a  terrible  time  for  the  infernal  thieves.  They  have 
done  a  tremendous  amount  of  stealing,  and  if  they  get 
their  just  reward,  no  one  will  be  to  blame  but  them- 
selves. They  had  no  right  to  rob,  lie  and  steal  as  they 
did,  and  they  told  such  stygian  lies  about  it.  I  fear 
they  will  fare  badly.  The  people  will  be  awfully  en- 
raged when  they  find  it  out. 

We  will  explain  all.  We  must  do  our  duty  to  the  peo- 
ple. Let  us  illustrate :  A  man  has  a  fine  farm  and 
residence,  well  stocked  with  animals  and  utensils  and 
harvesting  tools,  orchards  loaded  with  the  choicest  of 
fruits,  the  golden  harvest  waving  in  the  breeze,  and 
everything  that  heart  could  wish.  He  has  urgent 
business  that  requires  his  immediate  attention,  or  he 
will  suffer  immense  loss.  He  employe  a  man  who  he 
has  long  known,  to  reap  and  gather  the  crops  and  fruit, 
and  dispose  of  the  same  and  make  honest  returns  to 
him.  When  he  returns,  all  is  desolation  on  the  farm  ; 
no  one  is  there.  The  agent  sold  everything  clean,  and 
left  the  country  with  the  money  in  his  pocket.  We 
saw  the  agent  gather  the  crops  and  fruit,  and  drive  off 
the  valuable  stock,  and  sell  the  utensils.  Shall  we 
close  our  mouth,  or  shall  we  disclose  the  whole  swin- 
dle ?  This  is  like  the  infernals  have  served  the  peo- 
ple. We  shall  expose  the  agent,  and  we  shall  al- 
so expose  the  infernals ;  and  we  shall  have  to  tell  the 
whole  of  the  truth,  and  we  also  shall  have  to  call 
things — human  things — by  their  proper  names.  The 
black  Republicans  will  have  to  go,  like  the  sauri- 
ans.  '{'he  people  are  finding  them  out,  and  learn  their 
crooked  ways.    The  diabolicals  will  hate  the  people  al- 


DEGRADATION    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  427 

ways.  They  have  always  robbed  and  swindled  the 
people,  and  they  always  will,  as  long  as  the  people  suf- 
fer them  to  do  so.  And  every  one  knows  that  if  a 
man  steals  from  another  he  naturally  hates  him  ;  so 
with  the  infernals.  They  have  stolen  tens  of  billions 
of  dollars  from  the  people.  A  band  of  robbers  go  to 
a  small  village  in  the  night  secretly,  and  rob  and  steal 
much  property.  The  people  arm  themselves,  and 
watch;  the  robbers  find  out  where  the  arms  are  and 
steal  them,  and  then  they  easily  rob  and  steal  all  they 
can  carry  away.  The  arms  that  the  people  have  now 
of  the  greatest  use  is  the  ballot.  The  black  infernals 
would  give  billions  of  dollars  to  get  that  ballot  away 
from  the  people.  They  have  laid  their  plans,  and  they, 
no  doubt,  called  Asmodeus  in  their  convention  to  as- 
sist them,  to  devise  the  best  means  to  get  the  ballot 
from  the  people.  The  plan  adopted,  all  men  of  sense 
can  plainly  see  (but  a  black  imp  can  see  nothing),  was 
to  rob  the  people  of  their  property  first ;  then  they 
would  be  so  helpless  that  they  could  easily  take  the 
ballot  from  them  ;  and  this  was  the  best  mode  to  en- 
slave the  people.  The  Federal  aristocrarts  at  the  be- 
ginning of  this  government  said  it  would  not  stand  ; 
and  this  black,  infernal  party  is  the  same  old  Federal 
party.  They  have  the  same  principles,  and  any  per- 
.son  can  plainly  see  that  a  party  in  the  same  country, 
after  many  years  with  the  same  principles,  are  as  the 
old  party  only  in  name,  and  the  poet  said,  "What  is  in 
a  name  ?  "  Principles  are  often  weighty  and  important. 
These  infernals  have  changed  their  names  often,  to 
hide  their  infernal  black  principles;  but  we  say  that  a 
man  with  a  grain  of  common  sense  can  detect  the 
Old  Nick  in  this  infernal,  black  Republican,  aristocrat- 
ic party,  and  show  that  it  is  the  same  old  leaven — Fed- 
eralism. We  are  satisfied  that  when  the  people  find 
how  these  infernal,  black  Republican,  codfish  aristoc- 
racy have  robbed  and  swindled  them,  they  will  be 
highly  excited,  and  blood  will  be  spilled  in  great  quan- 
tities. But  we  say  to  the  workingmen,  It  is  you  that 
has  to  straighten  this  matter,  and  be  careful  that  you 


428  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

commit  no  overt  act.  Whatever  you  do  must  be  well 
weighed,  and  do  not  be  hasty.  If  you  make  a  mistake 
and  get  in  a  bloody  war,  it  is  you  that  has  to  pay  the 
bill.  Do  not  take  example  after  the  French  in  the 
French  Revolution,  because,  remember  the  country  is 
yours,  you  made  it  what  it  is,  and  it  is  for  you  to  keep 
it  what  it  should  be,  a  government  for  honest  and  up- 
right and  good  men.  The  codfish,  aristocratic,  black 
Republican  thieves  and  imps  do  not  care  for  a  country 
if  they  cannot  rule  there.  Their  motto  is,  "  Rule  or  ru- 
in." They,  when  they  see  that  they  cannot  rule  it, 
will  endeavor  to  sink  it  in  blood,  and  then  go  to  Eng- 
land. We  tell  you  again,  that  all  they  care  for  a  coun- 
try is  to  take  its  profits,  and  sink  the  mass  of  the  peo- 
ple in  poverty,  wretchedness,  ruin  and  slavery. 

When  this  government  was  first  started,  the  Federals 
said  it  would  not  stand.  And  they  then  laid  their 
plans  to  break  it.  They,  the  aristocracy,  have  gov- 
erned the  world  ever  since  there  has  been  any  govern- 
ment in  the  world,  and  they  governed  it  entirely  for 
their  benefit.  They  robbed  and  stole  the  property  of 
the  people,  and  used  it,  and  always  lived  in  idleness 
and  luxury.  They  reduced  the  people  to  poverty  and 
wretchedness,  famine  aud  distress.  In  feudal  times, 
the  many  were  slaves  to  the  few.  Aristocracy  claimed 
all  the  land,  and  the  people  had  to  rent  from  them,, 
and  pay  in  rents  and  services  double,  and  be  the 
slaves  of  the  land-holders.  They,  after  ruling  so  long, 
think  it  is  their  right,  and  it  is  almost  death  to  take 
the  offices  from  them.  In  1884,  the  infernals  lost  the 
election  for  president,  and  some  black  infernals  com- 
mitted suicide  because  they  lost  their  position.  Of- 
fice is  the  dearest  thing  on  earth  to  them.  They  will 
sacrifice  anything  for  that,  and  if  they  once  have  it, 
they  hold  on  like  an  anaconda.  Aristocracy  has  been 
the  ruin  of  the  world  ;  all  tlie  misery  in  the  world  can 
be  blamed  to  them,  or  nearly  all.  They  ruled  the 
United  States  twenty-four  years.  In  that  time,  they 
took  the  country  back  more  than  a  hundred  years  in 
morals,  and  they  stole  more  property  from  the  people 


DEGRADATION    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  429 

than  all  the  property  in  the  United  States  was  worth. 
"  But,"  says  the  lackey  of  the  black,  infernal  scamps, 
"How  can  that  be  ?  The  people  had  a  share."  We 
can  tell  you  how  it  was  done.  Suppose  the  thieves 
from  Erebus  steal  two  millions  a  year  (and  they  stole 
more  than  that).  They  spent  a  good  share  of  it  as 
they  stole  it,  and  as  they  acquired  it  easily,  they  spent 
it  liberally,  and  part  was  distributed  again  among  the 
people.  That  is  generally  so.  Robbers  and  thieves 
are  liberal  with  their  money.  Every  man  who  has 
eyes  and  makes  use  of  them  knows  it  is  so,  and  we 
see  the  greatest  robbers  giving  parties  that  cost  twen- 
ty to  thirty  thousand  dollars.  O  black  Republican 
fool,  where  do  you  think  the  money  came  from  }  He 
stole  it,  and  every  man  of  intelligence  and  sense  knows 
it ;  and  the  black  fool  paid  his  share  of  it.  The  bonds 
the  diabolicals  hold  cost  them  less  than  half  price,  and 
the  supplies  for  the  army  was  in  a  great  measure 
stolen  from  the  Confederates. 

The  thieves  made  about  five  billions  on  the  bonds 
and  supplies.  See,  this  will  be  an  item  in  the  bill 
against  the  scamps,  and  we  have  no  doubt  it  is  about 
right.  Yes,  five  billions  they  made  by  the  war  ;  and 
we  believe  the  merciless  marauders  would  2:0  to  war 
at  any  time,  if  they  could  only  have  a  trifling  excuse ; 
and  only  to  make  money  out  of  it.  And  they  could 
easily  make  their  silly  and  barbarous  followers  believe 
it  was  all  right.  That  is  five  billions  stolen,  and  five 
billions  more  it  cost  the  government.  Some  calculate 
it  cost  the  government  six  billions.  No  doubt  it  did, 
but  we  will  call  it  ten  billions  for  stealings  and  costs 
to  the  government.  Then  the  killed  is  hard  to  get 
correct,  as  the  imps,  we  believe,  did  not  give  a  correct 
statement  of  killed  and  wounded;  we  will  say  as  others 
have  said  before,  one  million.  And  every  man,  as  a 
working  man,  is  worth  to  society  and  to  himself  five 
thousand  dollars.  We  shall  have  to  charge  damage. 
$1,000,000  multiplied  by  $5,000  is  5,000,000,000  dol- 
lars, making  fifteen  billions  of  dollars.  And  the  costs 
and  damage  to  the   South  could  not  been   less  than 


430  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

one-third  that  sum,  in  property,  life  and  negroes  ;  that 
will  be  five  billions.  The  cloven  footed  demons  made 
much  money  out  of  the  war.  That  is  the  reason  that 
they  were  so  eager  for  the  war.  What  care  they  for 
the  people.  Black  republicans  have  no  souls.  They 
are  after  the  money,  that  is  all  they  care  for.  No 
reason  ;  there  is  no  use  to  argue  with  them.  No  con- 
science;  no  use  to  talk  morals  with  them.  No  sense  ; 
no  use  to  explain  to  them.  No  sympathy ;  no  use  to 
try  to  touch  their  feelings.  They  have  none.  They 
are  made  of  hard  materials.  No  shame  ;  no  blush  can 
color  their  cheeks.  Their  instincts  are  brutal.  They 
were  from  time  immemorial  barbarians.  They  lived 
under  Richard  the  First.  They  are  heathens.  They 
knew  civilization.  They  may  have  seen  it,  but  they 
did  not  recognize  it ;  it  is  an  utter  stranger  to  them. 
But  they  know  how  to  cheat  the  people,  and  they  can 
make  them  believe  afterwards  that  they  are  their  great- 
est friends,  the  fools.  Black  republicans  think  there 
is  nothing  in  all  creation  equal  to  a  black  republican. 
But  such  infamy  can  not  always  last.  There  is  justice 
in  nature,  and  she  is  sure  to  reward  the  good,  and 
punish  the  thief  and  liar,  the  scoundrel  and  knave. 
The  black  republican  will  receive  his  doom.  Retri- 
bution is  certain  to  catch  him  ;  he  will  have  to  pay  the 
penalty  of  his  manifold  transgressions. 

The  early  Federalists  laid  their  plans  to  enslave 
this  country,  a  great  country  like  Russia,  but  a  better 
country.  But  the  people  had  souls  in  that  day;  they 
would  not  let  Federal  aristocracy  rule,  they  would  not 
bow  to  the  golden  calf.  They  could  see  into  a  dirty 
plot.  But  a  black  Republican  not;  he  makes  a  good 
slave,  he  is  easily  gulled.  The  infernal  knaves  only 
have  to  call  their  serf  a  good  fellow,  and  flatter  him, 
and  he  is  ready  to  do  any  dirty  work  for  his  master. 
P>ut  the  Democrats  of  1800  were  not  of  that  base  ma- 
terial; they  knew  a  man  to  elect  tliat  would  stand  by 
them.  The  man  who  said  his  motto  was  "  Equal  and 
exact  justice  to  all  men."  If  we  had  such  men  now 
they  would  make  the  knaves  do  the  right  thing.     But 


DEGRADATION    OF    ARISTOCRACY.  43 1 

we  will  have  them  soon,  and  the  base  aristocracy  will 
be  sent  up  Salt  River,  never  to  return,  and  there  be 
fossilized  and  become  extinct.  And  the  workingman 
will  command  his  rights,  he  will  take  the  helm,  and 
then  robbing  and  plundering,  lying  and  stealing  will 
be  at  an  end.  The  poet  said,  all  would  be  happy  if 
they  but  knew  how;  it  is  not  a  hard  matter  to  know 
how.  But  how  must  the  people  act  to  make  a  heaven 
on  earth  ?  We  can  say  how.  Do  not  lie,  cheat,  swindle, 
rob,  nor  steal,  nor  abuse  any  person.  Be  honest  and 
upright,  and  we  will  soon  have  a  heaven  on  earth. 
But  instead  of  that,  we  have  a  powerful  party  of  about 
half  of  the  people,  that  have  stolen  tens  of  billions  of 
the  people's  money,  who  lie,  steal,  and  do  all  the  crimes 
in  the  land,  mostly  in  secret.  By  war,  standing  army, 
tariff,  banking,  railroading,  monopoly,  telegraphing. 
By  cheating  and  swindling  in  these  measures,  they  rob 
the  people  of  billions  of  dollars  a  year.  Old  slavery 
has  become  extinct,  only  because  aristocracy  has  found 
a  better  kind  of  slavery;  white  slavery  nor  black  slav- 
ery, which  they  laid  on  the  shelf  because  they  found 
a  better  kind  of  slavery.  They  must  have  slavery; 
the  black  Republicans  must  have  slavery.  They 
would  starve,  if  they  could  not  get  the  people's  money 
without  labor.  So  they  have  always  lived  on  the  fat 
of  the  land,  and  not  labored,  and  it  is  time  that  labor 
ruled  the  country,  and  then  we  will  have  good  times. 
We  can  not  have  good  times  as  long  as  a  few  live  in 
luxury  and  extravagance,  wear  a  million  dollars  of 
dress  and  jewelry  at  a  party ;  give  parties  costing  tens 
of  thousands  dollars.  O  fools,  to  talk  of  good  times, 
and  help  such  infernal  work. 

Fools  think  that  slavery  is  abolished;  we  tell  them 
no,  it  is  now  in  its  greatest  height,  and  we  hope  it  has 
culminated.  Thousands  of  the  serfs  that  help  the  tarta- 
rean  scamps  shackle  themselves  ;  yes,  the  million  see  the 
four  millions  strong,  they  vote  black,  right  or  wrong. 
Yes,  the  tartareans  have  the  British  slavery  on  this 
soil,  where  our  forefathers  planted  the  tree  of  liberty, 
and  the  infernals  have  been  trying  to  dig  it  out    ever 


432  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

since.  We  hope  they  will  not  succeed.  This  British 
slavery  takes  the  fruit  of  your  toil  and  does  not  en- 
slave the  body ;  money  they  take  and  you  do  not  know 
how  it  is  done;  that  is,  the  infernal  fool  does  not  know, 
and  he  will  not  learn,  all  the  care  he  has  is  to  enslave 
his  race,  then  the  demon  is  contented  for  a  short  time. 
But  then  he  might  see  the  tartarean  nature  of  the  dia- 
bolical work  he  had  done.  Can  the  men  who  work  for 
the  Monopolists,  the  Banks,  the  Railroads,  the  Manu- 
facturers, vote  as  they  want  to  ?  We  tell  you  no,  they  are 
watched  as  they  go  to  the  polls  by  mercenary  hirelings. 
But  they  all  will  be  brought  to  the  snubbing  post.  The 
working  men  will  settle  with  the  diabolicals ;  the  ac- 
count has  run  too  long  already.  They  took  up  the 
old  slavery  question  so  they  could  ride  in  office  on  that 
hobby;  and  then  they  established  a  slavery  ten  times 
worse  than  the  old  one.  They  hate  the  South  ;  a  large 
proportion  of  them  would  sink  the  South  in  the  At- 
lantic Ocean  if  they  could  ;  so  you  can  see  how  they 
like  the  union.  The  South  always  opposed  their  vic- 
ious and  infernal  schemes,  to  rob  and  plunder  the 
people.  They  provoked  the  South  to  battle,  that  is  what 
they  worked  for  a  long  time.  The  South  done  a  fool- 
ish thing  when  they  took  up  arms  ;  it  is  just  what  the 
blood  thirsty  demons  wanted ;  the  South  played  the 
cards  they  wanted  them  to  do;  they  wanted  the  heart's 
blood  of  the  South.  And  yet  they  cry  blood,  blood,  still 
they  wave  the  bloody  shirt.  What  did  their  infamous 
standard-bearer  say,  did  he  wave  the  bloody  shirt  .r'  did 
he  say  that  if  the  democrats  were  elected  the  negroes 
would  have  to  go  back  into  slavery  ?  did  he  say  that 
the  Confederate  bonds  would  have  to  be  paid  by  gov- 
ernment }  did  he  say  that  we  would  have  free  trade  ? 
did  he  say  that  labor  would  be  reduced  to  the  pauper 
wages  of  Europe  ?  Many  demoniacal  lies  they  said  ; 
and  remember  that  nothing  is  too  mean,  and  low,  and 
infamous,  and  nefarious  for  them  to  say,  if  it  butters 
their  unhallowed  and  stolen  Bread. 

In  India,  from  time  immemorial,  the  working  classes 
have   been  ground  down   into  a  condition  of  helpless 


DEGRADATION    OE    ARISTOCRACY.  433 

and  hopeless  slavery,  and  degradation.  For  ages  the 
farmer  was  fortunate  if  he  could  save  seed  after  his 
support.  Capital  was  not  capable  of  being  used 
for  production.  All  was  wrung  from  the  people  that 
they  possessed,  and  the  princes  were  a  little  better 
than  a  band  of  robber  chiefs  quartered  on  the  coun- 
try, and  the  products  used  in  useless  luxury.  The  "el- 
ephants blazed  with  gold  and  precious  stones,  and 
sparkled  with  rubies  and  gems,  and  the  harevis  lined 
in  satin.  The  plow  of  the  farmer  was  only  a  sharp- 
ened stick.  It  is  aristocracy  that  produced  the  pov- 
erty and  misery  in  the  world  ;  they  have  stolen  the 
property  of  the  people.  It  looks  to  us  that  all  writers 
know  this  is  the  fact,  but  they  have  not  the  courage 
to  expose  the  truth.  But  we  will  give  you  the  truth, 
though  aristocracy  should  go  to  Davy  Jones.  Let  it 
go.  Amen.  This  aristocracy  is  more  destructive 
than  an  Asiatic  tiger.  Yes,  the  tigers  and  cobras  of 
India  are  not  half  so  injurious  as  the  infernal  aristoc- 
racy. Macauley  says  enormous  fortunes  were  rap- 
idly accumulated  at  Calcutta,  while  millions  of  human 
beings  were  seduced  to  the  extremity  of  wretchedness  ; 
they  had  been  accustomed  to  live  under  tyranny,  but 
this  transcended  all.  Burke  says,  that  once  populous 
tracts  were  turned  into  deserts  ;  the  people  had  to  give 
up  the  last  of  their  little  hoards.  The  British  have  ex- 
tended their  new  system  to  India;  they  have  it  in  full 
and  entire  success  ;  $ioo,ooo,coo  they  took  a  year  from 
the  people  of  India,  and  it  goes  to  England  never  to 
return,  and  this  is  kept  so  by  a  standing  army  of  62,- 
500  men  in  round  numbers  ;  it  is  a  little  over  that. 
This  is  tyranny.  No  doubt,  the  black  Republican  will 
say  that  is  right ;  he  believes  in  that  way  of  ruling  a 
people  ;  his  motto  of  ruling  a  people  :  First  rob  them 
of  all  their  property,  and  bring  them  to  the  point  of 
starvation,  and  then  you  can  easily  rtile  them.  I  hat 
is  as  Queen  Elizabeth  said:  An  ungovernable  beast 
must  be  stinted  in  its  provender.  The  black  Repub- 
lican aristocracy  have  planted  the  British  system  of 
slavery  in  this  country,  and  $100,000,000  a  year  in  In- 
1 


434  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

dia  is  but  a  priming  what  the  thieves  steal  in  this 
country  from  the  people  ;  it  is  not  less  than  $2,000,000,- 
000  a  year,  will  give  an  approximate  bill  ;  it  is  more 
than  that  yearly.  Aristocracy  is  an  expensive  beast 
to  keep,  the  quicker  we  get  rid  of  him  the  better. 
We  are  worse  off  than  the  man  who  won  the  ele- 
phant; he  did  not  know  what  to  do  with  him.  What 
a  great  blessing  it  would  be  if  we  should  get  rid  of  this 
lying,  and  robbing,  and  thie vi ng  black  Republican,  steal- 
ing, codfish  aristocracy.  This,  then,  would  be  a  happy 
country.  We  say,  Workingman  come  to  the  front,  and 
rule  the  country.  The  aristocracy  have  ruled  the 
country,  and  they  have  brought  the  people  to  poverty, 
wretchedness,  and  misery.  Now,  is  your  time,  labor- 
ingman,  to  take  the  reins  in  your  own  hands.  Now, 
do  not  delay;  call  meetings  monthly,  and  every  work- 
ingman attend.  War,  deceit,  and  oppression  are  the 
work  of  aristocracy.  We  must  get  rid  of  them  ;  they 
must  go  as  the  saurians  went.  They  once  ruled  the 
ocean;  now  they  are  extinct;  so  it  must  go  with 
the  codfish  aristocracy.  See  what  tartarean  work 
they  are  making  everywhere  they  rule.  All  matter, 
dead  or  living,  organic  or  inorganic,  is  governed  by 
law,  and  all  is  progressing  and  growing  better.  And 
as  aristocracy  is  a  reptile  beyond  improvement,  he 
must  become  extinct.  The  whole  environments  about 
the  infernal  reptile  that  he  is  soon  to  inhabit  will  be 
so  unnatural  to  him  that  he  must  die  out  and  become 
extinct.  You  all  know  that  he  is  the  greatest  of  all 
liars,  and  such  stealings  as  they  have  done  the  world 
never  has  equaled ;  the  fact  is,  it  never  was  and  never 
will  be  equaled.  We  will  show  that  they  have  stolen 
more  than  two  billions  of  dollars  a  year  from  the  peo- 
ple. Workingman,  you  pay  for  all.  Can  you  put  up 
with  such  work  any  longer  ?  Can  you  listen  to  their 
lies  any  more  ?  And  besides  their  stealing  two  bil- 
lions in  cash  every  year,  we  will  fully  prove  that  they 
have  been  more  than  that  damage  to  the  country. 
All  labor  takes  blood  to  keep  up  the  system.  When 
a  muscle  contracts,  the  muscle  wastes,  and  fresh  blood 


INFAMY  OF  BLACK  REPUBLICAN  ARISTOCRACY.  435 

rushes  in  and  repairs  it.  So  you  can  see,  workingman, 
that  it  takes  your  life's  blood  to  labor,  and  the  money 
vou  get  is  precious,  and  you  should  use  it  properly, 
and  lay  up  a  part  for  sickness,  or  a  rainy  day.  An 
empty  bag  cannot  stand  up.  Franklin  said,  Poverty 
can  do  but  little  in  business  where  capital  is  required. 
We  say,  workingman,  you  are  destined  to  rule  ;  it  is 
your  right.  And  will  you  demand  your  rights  ?  We 
know  every  man  should  demand  his  rights  ;  and  be 
certain  to  save  part  of  your  money  for  contingencies, 
want,  and  distress. 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 

INFAMY  OF    BLACK  REPUBLICAN  ARISTOCRACY. 

Government  requires  money  to  run  it,  but  in  most 
cases  the  officers  use  too  much  money.  Millions  of 
dollars  could  be  saved  every  year  by  reducing  the  sal- 
aries of  the  officers  of  the  government.  One  half  of 
what  is  used  now  would  be  sufficient.  This  practice 
of  paying  large  salaries  to  officers,  and  low  wages  to 
working  men,  is  a  system  that  the  infernals  have  for 
ages  practiced,  and  it  must  be  stopped  ;  the  working- 
men  will  regulate  that.  And  again  we  say  there  are 
too  many  officers,  and  too  many  pensioners.  Thous- 
ands of  them  never  smelt  powder  in  battle.  The  in- 
fernal imps  desire  an  extravagant  government,  so  they 
can  have  an  excuse  for  a  high  protective  tariff,  which 
is  an  abomination  of  abominations  ;  which  makes  the 
rich  richer,  and  the  poor  poorer.  Land  is  the  great 
foundation  of  vv^ealth  ;  from  that  all  of  our  comforts 
are  drawn.  The  black  tartarean  scamps  have  given 
away  nearly  300,000,000  of  acres  for  nothing.  It  is 
enough  for  all  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  get 
a  living  off.  The  people  got  nothing  in  return  for  it. 
W^hy  did  they  give  it  to  the  tartareans?  Can  you  see 
the  sense  and  conception.?  Do  you  use  your  mind.?  If 
you  do,  you  can  see  that  it  was  done  to  make  slaves  of 


436  THE  workingman's  guide. 

the  people.  A  black  scamp  will  willingly  be  a  slave 
if  it  will  enslave  the  Democrats ;  that  is  his  idea  of  the 
ballot.  He  is  a  barbarian  and  a  slave ;  he  has  no  cor- 
rect perception  of  liberty,  But  more  than  two  billions 
a  year  the  black  infernals  steal  from  the  people.  But, 
says  the  black  idol,  We  are  for  liberty  as  much  as  any 
one.  How  are  you  for  liberty,  when  you  give  the  land 
to  the  infernals,  and  all  the  money  you  can  get  except 
a  pittance  the  infernal  lets  you  have,  to  keep  body  and 
soul  together  ?  The  black  Republican  laborer  is  just 
yes,  more  of  a  slave  than  the  serf  in  feudal  times,  and  the 
fool  has  no  more  idea  of  his  interest  and  liberty  than 
the  barbarous  serf  in  feudal  times.  He  works,  and 
slaves,  and  toils,  and  drudges,  from  morning  light  to 
evening  dark,  all  for  his  master,  where  he  gets  nearly 
all  of  his  livinor.  He  has  the  British  machine  to  make 
slaves  of  white  workingmen.  Mr.  Black  Republican, 
you  should  know  that  you  are  here  only  to  help  the 
rich  man.  The  aristocrat  may  start  a  scheme  all  for 
his  own  benefit ;  he  only  has  to  call  on  his  black  serfs, 
and  they  are  ready  at  the  word  to  help  enslave  his 
race,  his  father,  his  brother,  his  little  ones,  who  are  cry- 
ing for  bread. 

"  But,''  says  the  hireling  aristocrat,  "we  are  no  one's 
serf."  Let  us  look  at  the  question.  The  railroad  re- 
fuses to  pay  taxes;  we  call  on  the  hireling,  and  desire 
him  to  assist  to  compel  the  railroad  to  pay  its  taxes. 
Such  work  has  never  happened  in  such  magnitude  be- 
fore. We  state  the  case  to  him.  "  Oh,"  says  he,  "  you 
are  against  railroads  (we  have  been  told  so);  and,"  he 
says,  "  I  am  for  railroads."  We  tell  them  that  the 
fares  and  freight  are  forty  per  cent,  too  high,  and  he 
says,  "  You  would  break  down  all  the  railroads  in  the 
country  ;  I  want  that  they  should  have  a  fair  profit  on 
their  capital."  We  say  the  railroad  bought  up  Con- 
gressmen, and  had  a  law  passed  making  a  bogus  or 
fictitious  mortgage  have  the  preference  over  the  gov- 
ernment mortgage,  thereby  cheating  the  government 
out  of  more  than  a  hundred  milHon  of  dollars.  "  That 
was  smart  of  them,"   he  says;   "let    the   government 


INFAMY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICAN    ARISTOCRACY.     437 

look  out  for  itself."  I  tell  him  that  the  banks  are  rob- 
bing the  people  out  of  twenty  millions  of  dollars  a  year. 
He  says,  "  We  cannot  get  along  without  banks  ;  I  am 
for  banks,  and,"  he  says,  "so  you  are  against  banks." 
I  tell  him  monopolies  should  be  kept  in  a  legitimate 
and  fair  business.  He  says,  "  I  am  opposed  to  put- 
ting restrictions  on  business."  We  tell  him  that  the 
railroads  call  their  stocks  of  the  roads  worth  double 
what  they  cost,  and  make  us  pay  double  per  centage 
to  them.  He  says,  "  They  should  have  a  liberal  profit, 
they  made  the  country  what  it  is  ;  and,"  he  adds,  "  you 
are  opposed  to  railroads."  We  tell  him  that  we  should 
have  a  government  postal  telegraph.  He  says,  "  The 
old  telegraph  company  can  do  the  business  cheaper 
and  better  than  the  government ;  and,"  he  says,  "  so 
you  are  for  a  government  monopoly  to  enslave  the 
people,"  We  tell  him  that  the  tariff  is  entirely  too 
high  ;  that  during  the  last  twenty-five  years  it  has  aver- 
aged nearly  fifty  per  cent,  on  the  capital  of  the  manu- 
facturers, and  at  that  rate  they  will  soon  have  nearly 
all  the  property  ;  then  the  people  will  be  slaves.  Then 
we  touched  the  vital  spot  of  black  Republican  rascal- 
ity, the  central  point  of  plunder  and  robbery.  He 
flew  to  atoms,  as  if  a  dynamite  bomb  had  exploded  in- 
side of  his  abominable  carcass.  He  soon  recovered, 
and  said,  "  So,  then,  you  are  for  British  free  trade,  and 
reducing  the  wages  of  this  countr)  to  the  pauper  wa- 
ges of  Europe,  and  ruin  the  factories,  and  bring  ruin, 
distress,  and  starvation  upon  the  laboring  men,  and 
stagnation  and  retrogression,  and  ruin  on  the  country. 
Such  are  the  arguments  of  a  lying  aristocracy;  all  lies. 
The  measures  the  hireling  aristocrat  argued  on  the 
last  page;  the  blacks  argue  them  the  same  way.  They 
are  the  measures  that  constitute  the  most  perfect 
slavery  that  has  ever  been  or  ever  will  be  discovered. 
This  is  British  slavery.  The  infernals  have -planted  it 
here.  It  has  taken  deep  root;  it  is  like  alfalfa;  the 
roots  grow  quick,  and  grow  in  the  ground  deep.  The 
black  infernals,  the  reader  must  have  seen  some  time 
ago,  have  a  partiality  for    British    measures.      They 


43^  THE  workingman's  guide. 

wanted  to  have  it  here  just  Hke  the  British  institutions 
on  the  start.     Now,  we  know  just  w'hat  we  want  to  do. 
We  see  we  have  reason  to  be  encouraged.     The  Be- 
Hals  have  had  many  machines  to  enslave  the  people, 
and  the  people  have  broken  all  of  them,  and  now  they 
have  many  at   a   time ;   but  we  tell  you  that  these  are 
their  last  cards,  and  they  are  easily  beaten,  and   two 
or  more  measures  must  be  added  to  these,  and  then 
we  soon  will  answer  the  hirelings'   arguments.     The 
infernal  hirelings  have  for  the  last  twenty-four  years 
labored  with  all   their   might   to  enslave  themselves. 
They  gave  the  black   leaders  more  than  fifty  billion 
dollars  in  twenty-four  years,  and  got  very  little  them- 
selves.    These  things  we  will  prove,  and  then  it  will 
easily  be  seen  that  the  black  infernals  are  all  and  more 
than  what  we  have  called  them.     The  people  will  be 
enraged  when   they  become  satisfied  that  that  is  the 
case.     We  are  aware  that  it  is  not  easy  to  believe  that 
a  party  should  degrade  themselves  so,  and  rob  the  peo- 
ple as  we  have  said  they  have.     An   honest   man,   of 
course,  will  be  loathe  to  believe  that  a  party  as  strong 
as  the  infernal  black   Republicans  would  so  demean 
themselves  as  to  rob,  steal,  lie.  plunder,  and  stoop  so 
low  as  we  charge  them  of  doing.    But  we  have  proved 
in   the  first  part  of    our    book  that  aristocracy  have 
always  lived  by  stealing,  not  only  the  property  of  the 
people,  but  also  their  rights.     The  truth  of  the  matter 
is,  their  rights  are  the  first  stolen,  as  that  was  taken  by 
force ;  and  in  primeval  days    they  knew  of  no  other 
way  to  govern  only  by  force  ;  but  as  the  inhabitants  pro- 
gressed the  knaves  also  progressed  in  discovering  meas- 
ures to  enslave  their  own  race,  kindred,  flesh,  and  blood. 
Any  person  who  has  read  ancient  history  knows  that 
the  aristocrats  always  lived   by  stealing  the  people's 
property.    The  first  property  they  stole  from  the  people 
was  the  public  land,  and  in  most  countries  a  few  per- 
sons own  all  the  public  domain,  and  the  mass  of  people 
have  no  place  to  lie  down  and  rest.     He  may  walk  the 
streets   and  roads,  but  he  has  no  right  to  lie  down  nor 
stand.    So  the  infernals  have  circumscribed  and  hedged 


INFAMY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICAN    ARISTOCRACY.      439 

in  and  restricted  and  enslaved  their  race,  mankind, 
and  their  children  to  generations  far  in  the  future. 
Man  is  the  greatest  enemy  to  his  race;  nature  has  giv- 
en him  many  advantages,  but  as  yet  he  has  not  made 
use  of  many  of  them  for  his  own  good;  his  greatest 
study  has  been  how  to  cheat  and  swindle  his  fellow 
man.  And  again  we  must  mention  a  new  fact,  and 
one  that  all  men  know.  Man  has  been  occupying  his 
mind  more  time  to  learn  ways  and  means  how  he  can 
swindle,  and  rob,  and  cheat  his  fellow  man  than  all 
other  matters  put  together.  That  is  aristocracy  ;  that 
is  nearly  all  their  study,  how  to  cheat  mankind  in 
hundreds  of  different  ways  that  they  always  have  done, 
and  they  are  worse  than  the  brutes  about  that.  In 
taking  the  best  of  their  neighbor,  and  to  circumvent  his 
friend  or  enemy,  he  does  not  care  who,  so  he  gets  filthy 
lucre.  That  is  black  Republicanism.  And,  working- 
man,  the  greatest  share  of  their  rascality  and  machi- 
evelism,  and,  of  course,  it  must  fall  mostly  on  you,  be- 
cause you  have  to  earn  all  the  property ;  you  have  to 
produce  all,  and  you  should  have  the  lion's  share. 
Matters  are  going  wrong;  the  drone  gets  the  honey  in 
human  affairs.  But  in  the  bee-hive,  matters  are  differ- 
ent ;  there  the  workers  rule,  and  so  the  workingmen  can 
just  as  well  rule.  It  is  easily  done  ;  only  be  determined 
to  rule,  and  you  will  rule.  You  must  see  that  we  have 
been  fooled  since  man  has  been  in  the  w^orld,  and  it  is 
high  time  that  we  use  reason,  and  sense,  and  be  men, 
and  study  our  interest,  and  go  for  our  interest  and 
justice.  No  robbing,  no  stealing,  no  lying,  no  cheat- 
ing. "Equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men."  That  is 
the  way  the  workingman  will  rule,  and  the  infernal, 
cheating,  robbing,  lying  black  Republican  will  become 
extinct;  then  there  will  be  peace,  and  happiness,  and 
plenty  on  this  mundane  sphere,  and  the  poor  man  can 
vote  as  he  pleases,  and  not  be  constrained  to  vote  as 
the  infernal  scamps  have  had  them  do.  Now,  work- 
ingman, you  are  perfectly  aware  who  are  your  friends, 
now  you  know  who  has  always  robbed  you,  and  told 
you  lies  without  number,  and  that  he  was  the  friend 


4|n  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

of  labor,  when  he  was  decreasing  labor.  All  the  time 
a  lying  congressman  tells  you  that  the  laborer  in  the 
factories  gets  72  per  cent,  of  the  productions  of  the 
factories  for  his  labor,  when  in  1880  he  got  17  per 
cent.     So  the  infernals  lie. 

Here  the  land  is  in  the  hands  of  the  people,  but  the 
infernals  went  to  work  to  break  up  the  Government. 
Hamilton,  the  monarchist,  had  the  most  to  say  about 
it.  He  said  it  would  not  do,  that  it  would  not  give 
security  to  the  country.  He  said  the  British  model 
was  the  best  in  the  world.  John  Adams  was  for  mon- 
archy, and  they  comprised  a  numerous  sect  of  that 
day.  Jefferson  said  the  talk  at  the  dinner  table  was 
mostly  on  monarchy ;  that  was  their  choice ;  and  no 
doubt  Jefferson  had  but  little  to  say,  as  he  did  not  like 
that  anaconda  beast,  and  he  was  not  liked  in  that 
coterie.  Those  brutes  could  not  like  a  Democrat; 
they  hated  the  people  ;  they  despised  any  persons  who 
were  in  favor  of  giving  the  people  their  rights.  And 
the  same  is  to-day.  Not  long  since,  one  of  the  imps, 
an  underling — that  says  what  they  are  told  to — he 
asked  me  if  I  thought  that  the  Democrats  could 
command  good  men  enough  to  make  a  ticket  to  offer 
to  the  people  for  their  suffrages.  You  see  the  infer- 
nal aristocratic  hatred  protruberant.  Nothing  is  good 
in  their  opinion  but  a  black  tartarean  aristocrat.  And 
it  is  astonishing  how  a  vile  and  flagitious  set  of  men 
can  have  such  cheek  and  knavery.  Men  can  see 
plainly  that  they  have  robbed  and  stolen  from  the 
people,  and  reduced  wages;  strikes  every  week  or 
month,  and  most  of  the  times  the  wages  are  reduced ; 
and  yet  they  have  the  face  to  tell  the  people  that  they 
are  for  high  wages.  Workingmen,  we  have  no  doubt 
but  you  know,  these  villains  quite  well  by  this  time, 
and  do  not  believe  a  word  they  say  on  politics.  And 
notice  this,  that  when  you  hear  a  number  of  the  octo- 
pus, codfish  aristocracy,  strenuously,  and  devotedly 
upholding  any  principle,  creed  or  measure,  then  you 
can  tell  positively  that  there  is  poison,  robbery,  slavery, 
aristocracy,  and   destruction  to  the  people  covered  up 


INFAMY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICAN    ARISTOCRACY.     44 1 

in  that  measure.  They  are  in  favor  of  measures  that 
pay  them  ;  they  go  for  such  and  no  other,  and  when 
it  pays  the  few,  the  many  must  have  fat  purses.  We 
say  again,  Look  out  for  your  honest  interest,  and  when 
you  see  any  stealing,  expose  it  as  soon  as  you  can. 
Do  not  allow  it  to  grow  and  spread  like  hop  vines, 
but  expose  and  put  it  down  as  soon  as  possible.  We 
must  not  tolerate  robbery  and  theft.  Only  keep  down 
lying,  robbery  and  plunder;  we  will  strangle,  smother 
and  starve  the  deceitful,  reptile,  black  Republican,  cod- 
fish aristocracy.  We  say,  workingman,  the  thieves 
are  robbing  and  plundering  you,  and  if  you  do  not 
put  a  stop  to  it,  you  will  soon  be  hewers  of  wood  and 
drawers  of  water. 

The  first  thing  an  infant  coming  into  the  world 
wants  is  food  and  clothing;  then  come  wants  thick 
and  fast,  as  he  grows  up  to  manhood.  When  he  has 
grown  so  he  can  provide  for  himself,  he  finds  much 
trouble  with  his  fellow  aristocrat.  He  has  invented 
or  discovered  many  ways  of  getting  money  out  of  his 
coffers  and  into  the  money  bags  of  the  codfish  aristoc- 
racy. If  he  examines  where  the  leak  is,  he  will  find 
that  the  political  machinery  is  reducing  him,  and  not 
only  him,  but  the  mass  of  the  people,  to  poverty, 
wretchedness  and  distress.  He  examines  carefully, 
and  he  sees  aristocracy  has  six  or  eight  machines  to 
rob  the  people,  and  they  not  know  where  it  went  to. 
This  man  was  a  Democrat.  He  did  not  believe  the 
hirelings  a  word  they  said  ;  and  he  found  many  leaks 
that  must  sink  the  ship  of  state  in  a  short  time,  unless 
they  were  stopped.  A  black  Republican  believes  all 
the  tartarean  thieves  say  to  him,  and  he  cannot  see 
anything  ;  he  says  all  goes  well.  The  aristocracy  are 
the  most  ignorant  set  of  fools  you  will  find  anywhere 
in  the  world,  politically;  that  is,  the  common  people. 
The  leaders  are  a  pack  of  the  most  villainous,  infernal 
scamps  that  ever  trod  the  earth.  One  part  are  the 
greatest  fools,  and  the  other  part  are  the  most  degrad- 
ed scoundrels.  The  leaders  find  no  more  difficulty  in 
fooling,    gulling,    and  enslaving    their  serfs   than   the 


442  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

feudal  lords  found  in  enslaving  their  vassals  in  the 
most  barbarous  ages  ;  yet  not  so  much  ;  a  more  willing 
set  of  serfs  never  existed.  They  (serfs)  are  as  ignor- 
ant of  politics  as  the  Patagonian.  He  says  that  if 
you  turn  out  one  thief  it  will  do  no  good,  another  will 
take  his  place  ;  and  he  would  rather  have  the  country 
all  given  away  to  the  aristocrats,  than  have  the  coun- 
try ruled  by  Democrats.  He  would  rather  be  a  slave 
under  black  Republicans,  than  be  free  under  Demo- 
crats. These  are  the  four  millions  strong ;  but  for 
them  we  would  have  had  good  government.  These 
destructives  will  have  to  die  out  in  a  measure  before 
we  can  be  free.  They  are  the  willing  tools  of  an  in- 
famous aristocracy ;  they  are  slaves  and  barbarians  to 
the  vile,  codfish  aristocracy.  Bear  in  mind,  as  an  in- 
telligent and  honest  man,  you  cannot  enslave  a  demo- 
crat, you  cannot  enslave.  Do  you  see  the  point  .f* 
Scamps,  fools  and  fanatics  are  easily  enslaved.  Take 
notice  that  is  a  fact,  and  all  will  learn  that  soon.  De- 
mocracy is  an  elevated  form  of  government,  yet  in  its 
infancy.  Aristocracy  is  the  Bohan  Upas  of  the  world. 
The  old  Federalists  wanted  a  King,  and  House  of 
Lords  and  Commons.  Neither  party  was  entirely  satis- 
fied with  the  new  constitution.  Old  Federalists  want- 
ed a  stronger  government,  and  the  Jeffersonians  con- 
sidered the  constitution  gave  the  general  government 
too  much  power.  The  government  went  into  opera- 
tion. Washington  was  President,  and  they  almost  im- 
mediately^ began  to  make  unconstitutional  laws.  One 
of  the  principal  was  chartering  a  United  States  bank, 
on  the  same  model  as  the  British  bank.  What  an  in- 
tense love  this  infernal,  codfish  aristocracy  had  for 
British  measures  ;  and  they  passed  the  alien  and  sedi- 
tion laws.  The  diabolical  P^ederals  had  the  majority 
to  pass  anything;  and  Washington  was  no  politician. 
He  took  Hamilton  as  his  right  bower.  They  intended 
to  strangle  the  little  giant  in  his  inception.  They 
hated  a  liberal  government;  and  it  was  natural  they 
should.  They  always  had  been  accustomed  to  live  by 
prey  ;  always  had  supped  on  the  labor  of  others,  and 


INFAMY  OF  BLACK  REPUBLICAN  ARISTOCRACY.  443 

their  nature  will  ever  remain  the  same.  It  is  constitu- 
tional. It  is  just  as  natural  and  certain  for  them  to 
rob,  and  lie,  and  steal  from  the  people,  as  for  a  wolf  to 
kill  sheep.  Do  you  think  this  is  severe  and  harsh  ? 
Not  a  bit.  Their  nature,  their  instincts,  have  been  so 
from  time  immemorial ;  and  these  primordial  characters 
are  not  to  be  altered  ;  and  the  wolf  has  the  same  pro- 
pensities, and  he  will  keep  them.  So  will  the  aristo- 
crat. They  are  both  predacians.  They  have  always 
been  thieves ;  and  always  will  be.  These  are  the  four 
millions  thieves.  They  are  immensely  worse  than  the 
forty  thieves.  We  will  notice  the  tenacity  that  the 
barbarian,  aristocratic,  black  Republicans  adhere  to 
the  oldest  government,  which  was  Patriarchism,  and 
next  Feudalism  ;  and  the  aristocrats  know  of  no  other 
government  to  this  day.  In  Feudalism  the  power  was 
vested  in  a  few,  and  they  had  the  profits  ;  and  so  the 
fanatical  demons  want  it  now.  They  will  deny  the 
charge ;  but  that  is  nothing  for  them  to  deny  the  fact. 
We  have  several  times  said  that  an  aristocrat  will  do 
any  mean  act,  if  it  will  enrich  him.  But  we  will  follow 
Patriarchism.  It  is  no  doubt,  that  and  Feudalism  were 
the  governments. of  the  earth  longer  than  all  the  rest. 
And  the  black  infernal  can  not  get  it  out  of  his  flesh 
and  bones.  Do  you  see  how  he  gives  everything  to 
his  leaders  ?  Do  you  see  how  he  worships  them  ?  We 
have  seen,  long  time  ago,  that  he  was  a  man-worshiper, 
and  a  fool  man  at  that.  All  liars,  and  thieves,  and  rob- 
bers, and  knaves  are  fools. 

The  old  Federal  party  was  aristocratic,  and  the 
black  Republicans  are  the  same  in  everything;  they  are 
the  descendants  of  that  party,  that  alone  is  enough; 
they  are  of  the  same  principles,  but  they  have  not  the 
tenth  of  the  honor  of  that  party.  The  Federalists  did 
not  generally  deny  their  principles,  but  the  black 
scamps  do,  and  they  can  outlie  anything  on  this  ter- 
restrial globe.  So  we  can  plainly  see  that  we  have  a 
sly,  secret,  treacherous  party  to  contend  with.  Let 
us  look  at  the  forces  the  Asmodeus  crew  have  to  work 
for  them.     In  the  general  Government,  120,000  office 


444  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

holders,  and  ten  times  as  many  office  seekers.  A  mem- 
ber of  a  Black  Republican  cabinet  said  there  were  ten 
applicants  for  every  office.  Both  the  last  classes  pay 
well  to  the  fund  to  corrupt  the  people;  but  the  office- 
holders are  assessed  and  have  to  pay  or  draw.  This 
practice  is  entirely  Black  Republican,  never  was  done 
before.  As  we  said,  nothing  too  low  or  mean  for  them 
to  say  or  do  ;  and  they  paid  money  like  water  at  the  elec- 
tions. Next  the  friends  of  the  office-holders  and  seek- 
ers, they  are  a  numerous  class,  and  work  hard,  and  all 
have  no  souls,  no  conscience.  Their  motto  is,  "All  is 
fair  in  politics.''  They  hate  this  form  of  government, 
and  they  think  it  is  all  right  to  lie,  swear  false  against 
it;  and  they  hate  the  Democrats,  and  they  believe  it  is 
right  to  rob,  steal,  and  plunder  them.  "We  stoop  to 
conquer,"  one  of  their  leaders  said,  and  that  was  as 
much  as  to  say,  we  do  any  mean  act  to  conquer,  and 
so  thev  do.  And  another  villain,  a  candidate  for  a 
high  office,  said  the  Democrats  had  no  rights  they  were 
bound  to  respect.  Every  man  can  see  what  they  will 
do;  they  have  no  respect  for  the  government,  or  the 
people,  or  for  truth  and  veracity,  or  for  themselves, 
and  are  sunk  into  iniquity.  Next  come  a  very  numer- 
ous class,  they  are  partisans  ;  and  they  are  fools ;  they 
have  nothing  to  expect ;  they  are  serfs  and  slaves  ;  they 
care  for  party ;  they  say  our  party  will  win  ;  they  work 
to  enslave  their  race  ;  they  have  no  sense,  or  reason, 
or  conscience ;  they  are  the  barbarians  of  feudal  times; 
all  their  leaders  have  to  say,  eyes  right,  and  they  obey 
like  dogs  or  Siberian  bloodhounds.  If  the  aristocrats 
should  take  the  country  to  Davy  Jones,  they  would  fol- 
low, and  say,  Hurrah  for  our  party.  Then  there  are  the 
manufacturers,  they  have  stolen  from  the  people  more 
than  they  are  all  worth  many  times  over.  Then  the 
bankers  have  a  vote  in  that  infernal  Pandemonium 
ring.  And  the  railroad  men  do  not  stand  back;  they 
know  quite  well  to  steal  and  water  stock. 

This  ring  that  we  have  been  describing  is  over  four 
millions  strong,  and  we  tell  you  positively  that  they 
have  no  souls,  no  moral  princij^le.      They  believe  that 


INFAMY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICAN    ARISTOCRACY.      445 

all  is  fair  in  politics,  and  they  stoop  to  conquer.  They 
do  anything  to  win,  and  obey  their  leaders.  Such  an 
infernal  ring  of  thieves  the  world  has  never  had  be- 
fore. And  the  people  do  not  know  that  they  are  arm- 
ed, and  Logan  is  their  general.  We  have  it  from  good 
authority  that  they  have  nearly  a  million  soldiers  ready 
to  take  the  blood  of  their  race,  as  they  did  the  South  ; 
they  yearn  for  an  excuse  to  wash  their  hands  in  the 
people's  hearts'  blood;  they  are  ready  for  a  sanguin- 
ary combat.  Now,  we  say,  if  you  value  your  liberty, 
prepare  to  defend  yourselves.  You  will  be  ground 
to  the  lowest  degree  of  slavery  and  poverty,  if  you  do 
not  see  to  your  rights.  They  want  you  to  make  all  the 
money  you  can  and  give  it  to  them,  and  the  four  mil- 
lions of  thieves  have  been  doing  that  for  twenty-four 
years;  they  have  given  the  infernals  all  of  fifty  billions 
of  dollars,  and  we  will  show  in  figures  how  long  it 
will  be  before  we  will  be  slaves  at  that  rate.  They  are 
just  like  the  feudal  serfs — they  work  for  their  lords, 
and  so  do  these  feudal  serfs  work  for  the  black  Repub- 
lican codfish  aristocracy.  They  hate  the  people,  and 
desire  to  drench  the  country  with  their  hearts'  blood  ; 
and  they  certainly  will  do  so  if  the  people  act  as  they 
have  for  twenty-four  years.  They  are  ready,  waiting 
for  an  excuse;  they  have  been  preparing  for  it  during 
the  war  and  since.  All  the  military  officers  of  the 
land  are  of  that  infernal  blood-thirsty  kind.  We  tell 
you  they  are  ready,  desiring  an  excuse.  The  people 
are  in  their  way  of  carrying  out  their  British  slavery, 
and  filling  their  coffers  with  gold.  The  people  are  get- 
ting their  eyes  open,  and  begin  to  see  how  the  stealing 
is  done  by  billions;  and  the  workingman,  after  laboring 
all  his  time  like  a  slave,  his  children  are  crying  for 
bread,  and  his  faithful  consort  hides  her  face  and 
weeps.  And  still  the  infamous  liars  and  thieves  say 
they  are  the  friends  of  labor,  and  that  laborers  in  the 
factories  get  72  per  cent,  to  80  per  cent,  of  the  products 
of  the  factories,  when  in  1880  they  received  17  per  cent. 
Such  is  infernal  aristocracy — rob  the  laboring  man  so 
he  starves,  and  then  have  the  hardihood  to  tell  him  he 


446  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

is  his  friend,  and  he  is  the  protector  of  labor.  It  ap- 
pears the  people  do  not  know  that  those  who  have  the 
money  will  rule  the  country.  We  tell  them  that  is  the 
reason  that  the  mass  of  the  people  in  Europe  are  slaves, 
and  if  the  people  do  not  put  a  stop  to  this  robbing  and 
stealing,  they  will  be  slaves, 

A  long  and  bloody  war  is  sure  to  come  in  the  coun- 
try if  the  people  do  not  attend  to  political  matters. 
While  the  people  are  plowing  and  sowing,  reaping 
and  mowing,  and  working  like  slaves,  the  thieves  are 
stealing  their  last  garments.  We  say,  Attend  to  po- 
litical matters  ;  by  that  all  the  slavery  was  made  that 
ever  was  in  the  world.  By  politics  the  rich  are  made 
richer  and  the  poor  poorer.  If  the  people  do  not  at- 
tend to  politics,  who  can  be  so  great  a  fool  as  not  to 
know  the  aristocrats  will  make  laws  to  enrich  them- 
selves, and  enslave  the  people  I  But  all  should  know 
that  is  certain.  But  the  four  million  thieves,  they  let 
their  leaders  make  laws  to  rob  their  earnings,  and  help 
them  to  rob  themselves.  We  must  tell  the  truth.  The 
greatest  fools  that  ever  have  been  in  the  world  are  the 
black  Republican  serfs,  and  machines,  and  tools  of 
aristocracy.  We  are  satisfied  that  the  majority  of  the 
people  will  see  it,  but  it  may  be  too  late.  But  the  in- 
fernal, stubborn  and  degraded  serfs  and  slaves,  the  four 
fnillion  thieves,  will  never  see  it.  They  are  determined 
to  enslave  themselves  and  the  people.  They  do  not 
belong  to  the  people ;  they  are  brutes.  We  will  tell 
you  the  way  to  prevent  that  conflict  we  spoke  of  lately. 
The  aristocracy  want  war  ;  it  is  one  of  their  engines,  and 
the  principal  one  to  enslave  the  people.  See  the  tyrants 
of  Europe  ;  see  the  standing  armies  of  that  nest  of 
thieves  !  Hiey  believe  to  found  government  on  cor- 
ruption, and  have  it  supplemented  heavily  with  fraud. 
So  they  must  have  war.  They  have  not  yet  come  to 
be  humanized.  They  are  half-tamed  brutes ;  they 
thirst  for  blood.  There  is  a  conflict  soon  to  come,  un- 
less the  jjeople  have  the  discretion  to  take  measures 
to  prevent  it.  The  aristocracy  will  try  to  force  the 
people  into  slavery.     They  have  stolen  so  much  that 


INFAMY  OF  BLACK  REPUBLICAN  ARISTOCRACY.  447 

they  think  they  are  now  strong  enough  to  slay  the 
Democratic  giant,  that  is,  the  people.  They  hate  the 
people.  The  people  must  organize.  In  every  voting 
district  in  the  whole  United  States  a  club  must  be 
formed,  not  for  a  transient  time,  but  a  permanent  club. 
The  members  of  the  club  must  be  armed,  every  one,  with 
the  best  rifle  that  can  be  found.  Of  course,  it  must 
be  a  repeater.  Members  of  eighteen  years  and  less, 
at  the  option  of  the  club ;  every  county  to  have  its 
colonel,  and  every  one  or  two  senatorial  districts  its 
general,  and  the  State  at  large  its  commander-in- 
chief.  This  is  the  only  mode  to  prevent  the  worst 
human  slaughtering  that  has  been  for  a  long  time. 
As  we  said,  the  demons  are  ready  for  blood.  They 
have  been  preparing  for  it  for  a  long  time.  Lo- 
gan, the  savage,  is  commander  of  nearly  a  million  sol- 
diers. What  have  they  raised  and  drilled  these  sol- 
diers for  1  What  is  all  Europe  marshaling  and  drilling- 
troops  for  (and  we  know  that  begets  a  desire  for  blood) } 
For  war.  What  is  France  and  all  Europe  keeping- 
such  legions  of  vampires,  in  the  shape  of  human  armed 
tartareans,  for?  This  is  all  for  a  purpose.  It  is  for 
war,  war,  war,  and  it  will  certainly  come.  The  aris- 
tocracy have  the  ascendancy,  and  they  like  war,  and 
they  know  just  about  enough  to  engage  in  it.  The 
war  bloodhounds  are  grinding  their  teeth;  all  are 
ready  for  the  combat.  But  you  want  our  opinion 
about  it.  We  say.  For  heaven's  sake  keep  out  of  it,  if 
you  honorably  can,  but  you  must  defend  your  rights  in 
the  best  way  you  can.  We  are  opposed  to  war,  but 
we  say,  Defend  your  liberty.  It  is  better  to  die  a  free 
man  than  to  live  a  slave.  And  we  asked  for  whom  all 
this  military  force  was  intended  for.  That  is  plainly 
to  be  seen.  It  is  for  men  who  are  honest  and  truthful, 
and  refuse  to  be  robbed.  That  is  the  greatest  sin  in 
the  world,  for  them  to  be  in  the  way  of  robbery  and 
plunder.  That  is  their  living.  That  is  what  caused 
the  war  with  the  South.  The  South  saw  they  were 
robbed,  and  they,  like  men  ofsoul  and  spirit,  resented 
it.  .  Then  the  black  Republicans  swore  vengeance  on 


448  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

the  South.  They  then  took  up  the  slavery  question. 
They  care  for  the  slave!  Abaddon  will  sooner  care 
for  them.  They  took  up  that  measure  to  provoke  the 
South  to  fighting  heat,  and  the  South  were  fools 
enough  to  fight.  That  is  what  the  tartareans  desired, 
and  they  hate  the  South,  and  would  like  an  excuse  for 
another  conflict;  but  we  hope  the  South  will  know- 
better.  But  they  rather  would  spill  the  blood  of  Dem- 
ocrats, of  men  who  will  be  free.  They  want  his  life. 
He  is  in  their  way  of  plunder  and  robbery.  They  are 
armed  for  to  take  the  hearts'  blood  of  men  who  want 
honest  government.  Now,  Democrats,  we  say,  Arm. 
Every  man  must  have  his  rifle  of  the  best  pattern.  If 
you  don't  do  that,  your  liberty  is  gone.  How  can  you 
cope  with  those  who  are  equipped  for  war?  And  you 
have  made  no  preparation.  I'hey  can  make  an  excuse 
to  drench  the  country  with  your  blood  at  any  time  ;  it 
will  cost  but  little.  Every  man  his  rifle.  If  you  are 
prepared,  then  you  will  have  peace,  and  liberty,  and 
happiness.  If  you  are  not  prepared,  then  you  will  have 
voluntary  slavery,  or  war  and  slavery.  Do  you  value 
your  liberty  ?  If  you  do,  then  arm  yourselves.  But, 
says  the  thief,  this  is  absurd ;  no  one  wants  to  put 
down  the  people.  See  what  the  demons  have  done  ; 
they  have  killed  their  fathers,  mothers,  sisters,  brothers, 
friends,  relations,  all  for  office.  And  do  you  think 
they  will  not  kill  you  }  They  are  the  same  barbarians 
in  principle,  and  designs  to  butcher,  and  kill,  and  rob 
that  their  prototype  barbarians  were. 

We  are  astonished  to  hear  the  people  talk  on  poli- 
tics. The  Black  Republicans  are  the  greatest  fools 
on  this  side  of  Tartarus.  They  know  nothing  about 
the  poliiics  of  the  nation  ;  it  excels  all.  The  internals 
are  stealing  billions  yearly,  by  their  British  slavery. 
Think  of  it ;  billions  yearly.  The  tartarean  scamps 
steal  more  than  three  times  as  much  from  the  people 
as  it  costs  to  run  the  general  government ;  the  states, 
all  the  counties,  and  the  cities  all  together.  Now,  if 
they  had  the  money  in  h^nd  and  were  forced  to  pay  it 
out,  we  think  the  scamj)s   would   call  it  robbery.      But 


Infamy  of  black  republican  aristocracy,    449 

again,  the  four  millions  thieves  will  stand  anything 
that  is  doing  damage  to  the  people.  They  hate  the 
people  ;  they  are  in  their  way,  when  they  rob,  steal 
and  plunder.  We  shall  prove  this  charge  soon.  We 
admit  that  it  looks  unreasonable,  that  this  people 
would  stand  to  be  robbed  in  that  manner.  All  we 
ask  of  the  people  is,  to  read  carefully  what  we  have  to 
say  under  British  Slavery,  and  read  two  or  three  times 
over,  and  you  will  find  that  the  gravest  charge  ever 
made  has  been  proved,  and  Asmodeus  can  not  come 
up  to  it;  the  president  of  Pandemonium  may.  It  ex- 
cels all  that  ever  was  and  ever  will  be.  We  are  sorry 
to  be  so  robbed,  and  not  being  able  to  get  remunera- 
tion. It  is  hard,  but  the  proof  will  be  ail  convincing; 
billions  stolen  yearly.  Incredible,  many  honest  men 
may  think,  but  nevertheless  true ;  but  read,  and  you 
will  be  convinced.  It  is  too  plain  to  deny,  so  plain 
that  it  will  take  a  brazen  face  to  deny  it;  but  the  four 
millions  thieves  they  will  say  it  is  absurd.  Suppose 
that  Mr.  Wm.  Vanderbilt  should  wish  to  take  a  trip 
to  Europe,  and  he  should  get  an  agent  to  do  the  busi- 
ness while  he  was  gone,  and  the  agent  should  squan- 
der a  great  share  of  the  estate  while  he  was  gone,  and 
when  he  came  back  and  saw  how  the  agent  had  given 
away  his  property  to  a  third  party,  or  half  of  the  prop- 
erty he  left  in  his  trust,  do  you  think  the  agent  would 
be  responsible  ?  We  think  he  should  be  punished  in 
the  most  severe  manner.  Such  is  the  case  with  the 
agents  in  this  country,  of  the  government.  They 
stole  and  gave  away  ;  most  all  given  away ;  they  no 
doubt  were  well  paid.  The  amount  in  twenty-four 
years  is  tens  of  billions.  We  say  again.  If  you  wish 
to  be  free  men  long  you  must  arm  yourselves.  It  is 
arm  or  be  slaves.  Be  united  when  we  stand,  divided 
we  fall.  Do  not  vote  for  third  parties  ;  they  are  a  pit, 
a  trap  to  snare.  If  Napoleon  had  kept  his  forces  to- 
gether at  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  he,  no  doubt,  would 
have  annihilated  his  enemy,  so  that  army  would  have 
been  extinct.  No:  but  he  had  to  send  a  traitor  away 
with  over  30,000  men,  and  he  was  terribly  routed. 


450  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

BLACK  REPUBLICAN  TACTICS. 

We  shall  give  another  example  of  the  injury  divis- 
ion occasions  in  armies  or  politics.  Napoleon,  the 
French  general,  on  a  time  had  war  with  the  Austrians. 
The  Austrian  general  marched  his  army  across  a 
mountain,  through  three  separate  and  distant  passes, 
probably  for  the  easier  getting  forage,  and  making 
more  rapid  speed  in  marching.  Napoleon,  always  on 
the  alert,  saw  the  predicament  of  the  Austrian  gener- 
al, and  as  they  were  divided  into  three  parts,  Napoleon 
attacked  them  separately,  and  as  he  had  about  double 
the  one-third  of  the  Austrians,  he  easily  subdued  the 
three  detachments.  Another  example  :  At  a  time  in 
political  matters  in  this  State,  a  new  question  was  be- 
ing decided  by  the  suffrages  of  the  people,  and  one  of 
the  parties  divided  and  ran  two  candidates ;  and  in 
consequence  the  weaker  party  elected  their  man,  who 
was  a  dunce,  and  low  and  unprincipled  monopolist, 
barbarian,  aristocratic  thief.  If  the  party  had  not  di- 
vided, the  coyote  would  been  beaten  too  easily.  So 
in  the  election  in  1884,  for  President,  many  candidates 
ran,  and  old  spooney  came  near  defeating  the  Demo- 
cratic candidate.  Two  candidates  ran,  no  doubt,  for 
the  express  purpose  of  defeating  the  Democratic  can- 
didate ;  neither  of  them,  every  sane  man  knew,  could 
be  elected.  It  is  probable  they  ran  for  filthy  lucre, 
and  to  defeat  the  Democrats.  We  say  again,  Do  not 
be  trapped  by  demagogues.  One  of  their  infernals 
said  he  did  not  come  to  get  them  to  throw  away  their 
votes  on  him,  in  a  speech  to  the  people,  and  the  gnlls 
did  not  take  the  hint.  At  one  of  these  times  a  skunk 
sold  out  the  votes  ;  it  was  said  he  got  a  large  sum  of 
money.  vSo  it  nearly  always  is  in  third  parties;  corrup- 
tion is  practiced,  and  the  thieves  are  ready  to  pay  for 
votes,  as  they  get  their  money — as  the  shoemaker  got 
his  boots.  lie  stole  them.  So  the  thieves  obtain  their 
money,  and  the  people  will  put  a  stop  to  that  black 


BLACK  REPUBLICAN  TACTICS.  45 1 

Republican  practice.  Honesty  in  politics  is  the  work- 
ingman's  motto,  and  he  will  see  that  he  gets  it.  The 
workingman  is  destined  to  rule  this  country.  They 
are  getting  their  eyes  opened,  so  they  can  see  the  black 
Republican  lies;  they  have  been  fooled  long  enough, 
and  from  this  time  the  workingman  will  look  for  his 
interest,  and  the  infernals  will  be  laid  on  the  shelf. 
We  say  to  the  poor  man,  If  the  black  imps  offer  you 
money  for  your  vote,  take  it  and  vote  the  Democratic 
ticket. 

THE    INDIANS. 

Lo,  the  poor  Indian,  whose  untutored  mind 
Sees  God  in  clouds,  or  hears  him  in  the  wind. 

Certainly  to  the  poor  Indian ;  he  once  had  all  of  this 
great  continent ;  now  he  is  confined  to  a  small  territory 
which  the  white  man  deigns  to  give  him.  "  But,"  says 
the  white  man,  "the  Indian  is  a  barbarian."  And 
those  who  have  had  the  control  of  him  for  years  are 
more  barbarian  than  the  Indian  is.  Millions  and  mil- 
lions of  dollars  have  they  stolen  from  the  government 
and  the  poor  Indian.  Millions  of  rations  due  him  he 
never  saw;  and  the  government  had  to  pay  for  thous- 
ands of  Indians  more  than  there  were  on  the  reserva- 
tions. Cheating  the  Indians  is  the  great  cause  of  the 
most,  or  nearly  all,  of  the  wars  with  them.  The  black 
Republican  cannot  restrain  from  stealing  when  he  gets 
an  opportunity,  and  there  was  a  great  chance  for  the 
infernals  to  steal,  and  they  always  nip  when  they  can. 
The  Indians  in  some  places  are  beginning  to  live  like 
other  people,  and  some  of  them  will  be  preserved  for 
hundreds  of  years,  and  the  last  of  them  will  be  that 
they  are  amalgamated  and  lost  in  the  white  man.  It 
will  take  a  long  time,  but  that  will  be  their  end,  but 
the  end  is  remote.  Litchfield  is  a  town  in  the  county 
of  Litchfield,  Connecticut.  Not  a  long  time  after  a 
colony  was  settled  by  the  English,  an  Indian  came  into 
a  hotel  in  the  dusk  of  the  evening,  and  asked  for  some- 
thing to  eat  of  the  hostess.  She  refused  to  let  him 
have  anything,  and  called  him  names.  A  man  who 
sat  by,  noticed  that  the   Indian    was  suffering   much 


452  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

from  fatigue  and  hunger.  He  told  the  woman  to  let 
the  Indian  have  what  he  called  for,  and  he  would  pay 
the  bill.  She  then  supplied  him.  When  the  Indian 
had  finished  his  supper,  he  thanked  the  man,  and  said 
that  when  he  was  able  he  would  reward  him.  At  pres- 
ent he  said  he  only  could  reward  him  with  a  story,  if 
the  hostess  would  give  leave.  She  consented.  The 
Indian  said  that  the  Bible  says,  God  made  the  world, 
and  said  that  it  is  all  very  good.  Then  he  made  light 
and  said  the  same.  Then  he  made  dry  land  and  wa- 
ter, and  said  the  same  :  it  is  all  very  good  ;  and  sun, 
and  moon,  and  grass,  and  trees,  and  said  the  same. 
Then  he  made  beasts,  and  birds,  and  fishes,  and  said 
it  is  all  very  good.  Then  he  made  man,  and  said  the 
same  ;  and  then  he  made  woman,  and  took  her,  and 
looked  on  her,  and  he  dare  say  no  such  word.  The 
Indian  then  left.  Some  years  afterwards,  the  man  who 
paid  for  the  supper  had  to  go  some  distance  into  the 
wilderness  betwen  Litchfield  and  Albany,  where  a  band 
of  Indians  took  him  prisoner,  and  carried  him  to  Can- 
ada by  an  Indian  scout.  When  he  arrived  in  Canada, 
an  Indian  woman  who  had  lost  a  son  in  the  war  claim- 
ed him.  The  Indians,  at  the  time  were  consulting  at 
the  moment  about  putting  him  to  death,  but  the  woman 
saved  him  from  torture.  He  lived  the  next  winter  in 
her  family,  and  he  fared  as  the  family.  The  following 
summer,  as  he  was  at  work  in  the  forest,  a  strange  In- 
dian came,  and  asked  him  to  meet  him  at  a  certain 
place  on  a  named  day.  He  feared  mischief,  but  con- 
sented ;  but  fear  kept  him  from  going.  Soon  after,  the 
Indian  called  again,  and  very  sincerely  reproved  him  for 
not  fulfilling  his  promise.  The  man  made  the  best  ex- 
cuse he  could.  The  Indian  told  him  that  he  need  not 
fear,  that  he  would  be  fully  satisfied  if  he  would  meet 
him  at  .the  aforesaid  agreed  place,  on  a  certain  day.  He 
promised;  and  met  the  Indian.  When  he  arrived  at 
the  place  agreed  upon,  the  Indian  was  upon  the  ground 
with  two  muskets,  two  knapsacks,  and  ammunition  for 
both.  The  Indian  told  him  to  take  one  of  each,  and 
follow  him.      They  marched  south,  but  the  man  knew 


BLACK  REPUBLICAN  TACTICS.  453 

not  where  he  was  going,  or  what  he  was  to  do;  prob- 
ably he  thought  that  they  were  going  on  a  long  hunt- 
ing tour,  and  concluded  that  the  Indian  intended  him 
no  harm,  and  that  he  was  as  safe  as  he  was  before. 
After  a  short  time  his  fears  left  him.  The  Indian  kept 
silent.  In  the  day-time  they  shot  game,  and  at  night 
made  a  fire  by  which  they  slept.  After  a  long  jour- 
ney of  many  days,  the  distance  must  have  been  from 
two  to  three  hundred  miles,  one  morning  they  came 
to  the  top  of  an  eminence,  which  presented  a  familiar 
and  pleasing  prospect  of  a  number  of  houses.  The 
Indian  asked  him  if  he  knew  the  place.  The  man,  of 
course,  was  exceedingly  glad,  and  said  that  it  was 
Litchfield.  The  Indian  then  told  him  that  he  was  the 
Indian  that  the  man  had  saved  from  starvation  many 
years  ago  ;  and  he  said,  "  I  am  that  Indian;  now  I  pay 
you,  so  go  home,"  and  bid  him  good-bye.  And  the 
man  joyfully  returned  to  his  home.  This  anecdote 
was  written  and  published  in  the  Travels  of  Dwight, 
President  of  Yale  College,  many  years  ago,  and  is,  no 
doubt,  true.  It  gives  us  an  insight  into  the  character 
of  the  Indian.  He  is  kind  and  true,  faithful  and  hos- 
pitable in  peace  and  friendship,  but  treacherous  and 
vindictive,  cruel  and  unfeeling,  in  emnity  and  war. 
We  do  not  wish  to  add  a  new  proposition  to  the  one 
that  we  write  this  book  to  prove,  that  is — aristocracy 
is  the  cause  of  the  lost  civilizations,  and  nearly  all  of 
the  poverty,  and  misery,  and  wretchedness,  and  crime 
that  has  been  produced  in  the  world. 

Our  position  is  that  aristocracy,  that  'is  political 
aristocracy,  or  their  affinities,  or  branches,  having 
other  names,  as  Federalism,  Whigism,  or  black  Repub- 
licanism, which  are  chips  from  the  old  block,  and  have 
the  same  instincts,  the  same  principles,  the  same  lying, 
thieving,  robbing,  swindling,  cheating,  treacherous  in- 
clination, and  they  never  will  be  altered  only  by  death 
and  extinction,  like  the  saurians  of  old.  The  saurians 
once  were  the  aristocracy  of  the  vast  ocean  ;  they  had 
none  their  rights  to  dispute ;  they  destroyed  mil- 
lions  of    all    kinds — they    did    not  spare    their   own 


454  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

species — and  now  they  are  no  more.  So  it  must  hap- 
pen to  the  codfish  aristocracy  of  these  United  States. 
But,  says  a  silly  dunce,  there  is  no  aristocracy  in  this 
country.  He  knows  but  little,  as  he  did  not  know  an 
aristocrat.  But  the  saurian  flunkey  says  the  aristocrats 
have  always  governed — and  they  always  will ;  he  talks 
only  what  his  file  leader  tells  him.  So  the  saurians 
ruled,  very  likely,  a  hundred  times  as  long  as  the  cod- 
fish aristocracy  have,  but  they  had  to  obey  nature's 
summons,  "  Departinto  oblivion^  The  world  and  all 
that  is  in  it  is  continually  changing,  but  in  most  re- 
spects those  changes  are  slow,  and  the  right  men  will 
be  in  the  right  place.  The  workingman  must  rule 
the  world.  Nothing  to  hinder;  it  is  certain  as  that 
the  sun  will  rise  to-morrow  ;  it  cannot  fail ;  it  is  his 
right,  and  right  must  prevail.  Wrong  and  infamy 
have  ruled  a  long  time,  but  justice  will  claim  her  sta- 
tus. The  infernal  robbers  and  thieves  must  pass 
away,  and  honest  men  take  their  places.  Injustice 
and  fraud  must  die  away,  and  the  workingman  be  tri- 
umphant, forever  victorious.  So  we  say  to  the  work- 
ingman. Arm  yourself ;  each  must  be  well  armed  with  the 
best  rifle  to  be  had.  If  you  are  armed,  the  thieves  will 
go  down  in  their  boots,  and  you  will  have  an  easy 
victory.  But  if  you  do  not  arm  you  may  go  back  into 
barbarism  and  slavery,  as  the  black  Republicans  are 
teaching  or  endeavoring  to  take  you.  Then  it  will 
take  many  centuries  to  get  your  rights;  but  we  say 
the  day  must  come,  that  those  liars  and  thieves  that 
have  so  long  been  having  a  good  time  on  the  fruits  of 
your  labor  will  go  to  Asmodeus.  Do  you  think  that 
is  an  idle  vision .?  that  the  world  has  always  to  be  mis- 
ery and  wretchedness,  and  that  liars  and  thieves  will 
always  rule.  We  tell  you,  no.  There  is  justice  in  the 
earth,  and  it  will  govern.  He  who  made  the  world 
what  it  is,  shall  he  not  rule  and  possess  it  ?  He  who 
built  the  cities  and  villages  ;  he  who  built  the  habita- 
tions of  the  earth,  shall  he  not  occupy  them  ? 

A  long  time  the  workingman  has  been  deprived  of 
his   proper  food,  clothing  and  shelter.     A  long   time 


BLACK  REPUBLICAN  TACTICS.  455 

the  thieves  have  occupied  his  mansion,  and  they  shall 
have  to  go  down  the  flume.  The  saurian  fool  will  tell 
you  that  this  is  idle  talk.  Of  course,  the  aristocrat 
will  have  his  parasites  to  lie ;  that  is  the  old  game. 
But,  we  say,  take  your  own  advice  ;  use  your  own  judg- 
ment ;  if  you  do,  you  will  be  free  ;  but  if  you  listen  to 
thieves,  liars  and  robbers,  as  the  world  always  has 
done,  you  will  be  a  worse  slave  than  ever  has  been,  be- 
cause the  demons  from  pandemonium  have  British 
slavery,  and  the  machinery  is  in  perfect  order;  there 
never  was  such  a  perfect  machine  as  this  British  slav- 
ery machine.  If  we  should  pass  a  man's  barn  and  see 
thieves  opening  the  stable  door,  and  we  should  go  and 
tell  him  what  they  were  doing,  do  you  think  he  would 
go  and  see  about  it.f*  Most  certainly,  he  would  go  im- 
mediately; he  would  be  a  lazy  fool  if  he  did  not.  Again, 
we  see  plainly  that  the  black  Republican  tartareans  are 
stealing  your  substance.  We  tell  the  four  million  ob- 
durate dunces,  that  we  know  they  are  stealing,  and  in 
a  few  years  will  enslave  us  all  if  they  do  not  help  drive 
them  away.  The  infernal  fanatic  does,  what  do  you 
think, f*  He  is  mad,  and  calls  me  vile  names,  and  pays 
no  attention  to  the  matter.  The  black  Republican 
four  million  thieves  are  the  greatest  fools  we  ever  saw. 
After  a  short  time  we  saw  him  helping  the  thieves  driv- 
ing stock  out  of  his  neighbor's  barn-yard;  we  told  the 
neighbor  that  the  thieves  were  stealing  his  stock.  He 
said  he  knew  it;  that  he  was  very  sorry,  but  that  they 
were  too  strong  for  him,  and  he  could  not  help  him- 
self. So  we  looked  farther,  and  we  saw  the  forty 
thieves  helping  drive  stock  from  every  place  where 
they  could  be  found ;  and  they  gave  the  stock  to 
strange  thieves.  We  did  not  see  that  the  four  million 
thieves  did  not  keep  any  stock  for  themselves,  nor  did 
the  thieves  give  them  any.  We  next  looked  up  to  our 
small  cabin,  and  we  plainly  saw  them  take  grain  out  of 
the  house;  my  grain;  and  then  we  said.  What  right 
have  you  to  take  my  grain  and  the  stock  of  the  poor 
neighbors.?  They  were  mad.  They  said  we  did  not 
love  our  country;  that  they  were  protecting  wages; 


456  THE   workingman's  GUrDE. 

that  we  had  no  feeling  for  the  poor  laborer;  that  we 
were  in  favor  of  British  free  trade ;  and  that  they  were 
in  for  our  laborers  having  good  wages,  and  not  come 
down  to  the  pauper  labor  of  Europe;  that  they  were 
the  friend  of  the  laboring  man  ;  that  we  wanted  to 
bring  the  labor  of  this  councry  to  starvation  prices. 
And  they  continued  to  drive  off  the  stock.  And  the 
forty  thieves  we  read  of  in  ancient  times  could  hold 
no  comparison  to  these  four  millions  of  thieves.  They 
were  rampant,  that  they  could  steal  such  abundance 
for  their  lords  and  masters,  and  they  said  they  had  the 
money  to  buy  votes;  and  that  they  had  all  the  decency 
and  morals;  and  that  they  were  the  truly  good;  that 
their  party  was  the  good,  old  party.  They  called  us 
all  manner  of  bad  names.  We  left  them  plundering 
the  people,  and  they  were  not  partial  to  themselves ; 
they  stole  of  their  own  stock  as  they  did  of  others. 
We  would  like  it  much,  if  they  should  steal  from  them- 
selves only,  and  not  of  us.  But  we  were  in  a  quan- 
dary. We  went  home,  and  laid  down  on  our  humble 
couch,  and  began  to  reason  to  ourselves.  The  first 
thing  we  did,  was  to  ask  the  question,  Is  this  all  so  as 
we  have  seen  }  We  thought  it  all  over,  and  it  was  so. 
One-half  of  the  people  had  taken  to  stealing,  and  rob- 
bing themselves  and  the  other  half,  and  giving  it  to 
strange  thieves  and  robbers.  We  told  many  what  we 
had  seen,  and  lew  believed  us.  It  appeared  as  if  the 
fools  considered  us  the  greatest  fool  in  the  country. 
And  one  black  soul  said  that  the  country  was  getting 
along  well ;  there  was  no  use  to  make  a  fuss  about  it. 
He  was  in  a  one-horse  business  that  could  not  be  re- 
munerative, and  he  was  a  man  of  family,  a  man  on 
whom  his  father  spent  much  money  to  give  him  a 
good  education,  and  he  lacked  an  important  ingre- 
dient which  we  sometimes  call  ballast.  The  unedu- 
cated have  their  share  of  it ;  and  the  collesfe  student 
sometimes  has  very  little  of  it.      It  is  common  sense. 

It  a])|)ears  that  he  was  not  an  anti-monopolist.  We 
at  another  })lace  had  a  conversation  with  some  of  the 
honesty,  and  a  litlleof  the  truly  good;  but  an  immense 


BLACK  REPUBLICAN  TACTICS.  457 

of  the  party  spirit.     The  talk  ended  on  railroads.     We 
asked,  what  improvement  was  the  greatest  benefit  to 
the  country,  and  was  the  cause  of  promoting  the  great- 
est amount  of  trade  in  a  country  ?    He  did  not  answer. 
We  then  said  railroads  ;  and  that  we,  of  course,  were  in 
favor   of  them  ;  but  that   we  were  not  such  egregious 
fools,  as  to  give  them  the  country  for  building  roads. 
No  farmer  would  give  his  farm  to  have  roads  built  to 
it.      But  a  thieving  Republican  will  give  all  to  black, 
codfish    aristocracy.     We  have  the  right.     The  courts 
have  decided  to  regulate  fares  and  freights,  and  why 
not  regulate  them  }     What  makes  the  thieves  work  in- 
to the  hands  of  the  railroads  ?     All  must  see  it  is  for 
the  purpose  to  build  up  an  aristocracy,  to  crush  and 
enslave  the  people ;  and  how  persistently  they  labor 
to  do  their  work.    See  how  they  give  in  land,  in  bank- 
ing, in    Indian    wars,   in   standing    army,  in    tariff,  in 
bonds,  in  telegraph,  in  monopolies,  in  every  way  they 
can.      T/iey  do  not  mis^s  to  give,  when  an  opportjtnity 
occurs.     They  give  billions  of  dollars  a  year.     Work- 
ingman,  where   does   the   money  come  from?     Alas! 
but  few  know.     \\''e  can    tell  you;  they  stole  it  from 
you.     The  workingman  pays  all.     There  is  no  money 
made   but  what  he  makes.     And,  workingman,    how 
long  will  you  suffer  the  infernal  thieves  and  liars  to 
steal  the  fruits  of  your  labor?     We  fear  that  we   will 
bear  the  old  excuse.   What  can  I   do  ?     We    say  you 
can  do  your  duty.     We  have  reason  to  find  fault  until 
you  oppose  the  tartarean  lying,  and  robbing,  and  steal- 
ing.   So  vote  against  these  British  measures  that  were 
planted  here  to  enslave   free   whites.     We   say  again, 
each  do  his  duty,   and  aristocracy,  the  bane  and  de- 
struction, the  lying,  and  most  all  of  the  crimes  in  the 
country,  will  cease. 

We  say  again,  every  one  do  his  duty,  and  the  coun- 
try will  prosper.  But  the  black,  foolish  imp  says,  as  an  , 
offset  to  what  we  say  of  the  stealing,  You  would  do  the 
same.  We  say  we  would  not.  But  suppose  we  admit 
that  we  would  ;  we  ask  would  that  be  an  argument  in 
favor  of  the   measure  against  it  ?     We  might  do  in- 


458  THp    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

fernal  things,  and  beat  Davy  Jones,  and  surprise  old 
Nick.     Would  that  make  a  matter  right — because  we 
did    so  ?      We    think    not.       If    a   black    Republican 
should  steal  a   thousand  dollars  from  oiie  of  those  fel- 
lows, that  use  that  silly  and  absurd  argument,  and  we 
should  say  to  the  loser.  Let  him  go  ;  do  not  prosecute 
him  ;  any  one  would  do  that;  would  he  consider  that  a 
convincing  reason  }     We  think  not.     He  then  would 
bes:in  to  see  the  true  lisfht.     We  have  heard  that  rea- 
son  until  we  are  sick  of  it.     But  it  shows  that  a  black 
fool  upholds  robbing  and  stealing.     One  United  States 
senator,  a   little   in   advance,  and   somewhat   elevated 
above  his    colleagues,    said:   "If    one    says   anything 
against  the  railroad,   up  jumps  Blaine  and  speaks  for 
the  railroad."     Bad  egg,  that  is.     Any  person  that  has 
a  grain  of  common  sense  can  plainly  see  that  they  are 
making  an  aristocratic  power,  unconnected  with  the 
government,  that  will  (if  it  is  not  checked  soon)  upset 
the  government,  and  make    slaves  of  all  the  people, 
white  or  black.     The  tartarean  bloodhounds   did  not 
intend  to  free  the  slaves.     They  calculated  to  put  them 
in  worse  bonds.     That   is   British   slavery.      See  that 
your  bread  is  buttered,  and   be  certain  that  you  know 
that  it  is  buttered  on  the  right  side  ;  and  do  not  listen 
to  what  a  black  infernal  says  at  all,  as  he  always  speaks 
for  his  interest,  and  he  will  lie  and  perjure  himself, 
and  steal  and  rob  to  carry  it  out.      Is  this  saying  too 
much  ?     We  say,  No.     Have  they  not  done  all  we  say  ? 
See    how  the  railroad  scamps  swore ;  if  you    do  not 
know,  read  their  testimony  before  the  railroad    com- 
mission, and  you  should  be  satisfied  ;  and  you  will  be, 
if  you  are  not  a  black  Republican.     If  you  are  one  of 
the  four  million  thieves,  nothing  will  satisfy  you.  They 
are  enlisted  for  life,  and  most  of  them  sworn  to  go  it, 
right  or   wrong.      The  liars  ran   the  lowest  man  they 
could  find  for  the  highest  office  in  the  land.     He  would 
do  as  the  Indians  said  of  the  white  man,  when  the  lat- 
ter wanted  a  railroad  through   their  territory.     They 
feared,  and  well    they   might.        They  said,    "  White 
man  will  lie."     They   learned  that  fact  by  sad  experi- 


BLACK    REPUBLICAN    TACTICS,  459 

ence.  They  have  stolen  millions  from  the  poor  Indi- 
an. They  have  only  one  occupation — that  is,  lie,  steal 
and  plunder ;  and  take  that  away  from  them,  and  they 
will  be  as  Shakespeare  said :  "  Othello's  occupation  is 
gone." 

No  wonder  the  infernals  had  trouble  with  the  In- 
dians. The  Indian  did  not  like  to  have  his  rations  stolen 
from  him.  He  knows  more  than  the  four  million  thieves 
do,  ten  times  over;  they  help  the  black  infernals  steal 
from  themselves  and  others.  The  Indians  are  not  such 
fools  ;  the  four  million  strong  are  the  greatest  fools  in 
the  enlightened  or  barbarian  world ;  they  are  worse 
than  the  slaves  in  the  South,  where  they,  or  some  of 
them,  desired  to  be  free.  The  four  millions  of  thieves 
do  not  wish  to  be  free.  All  this  every  one  knows  is  true 
only  they,  and  they  are  determined  not  to  know.  The 
Indian  will  fis^ht  for  his  rio^hts,  the  four  millions  never 
will ;  the  Indian  loves  liberty,  the  four  million  have  not 
progressed  enough  to  have  a  desire  for  that;  they  are 
barbarians  of  the  blackest  dye ;  they  will  do  just  as 
their  leaders  tell  them,  that  is  the  true  sign  of  barbar- 
ism. Those  who  rob,  steal  and  plunder  for  their  lead- 
ers, as  the  four  million  thieves  do,  and  get  nothing,  as 
they  do,  are  the  most  ignorant  of  barbarians.  Then 
the  four  millions  are  dishonest.  Did  you  ever  hear 
them  find  fault  with  the  Black  Republicans  stealing.'* 
No,  you  never  did  ;  they  cover  it  up  instead  of  exposing 
it;  that  is  dishonest.  Working  man,  you  will  no  doubt 
have  made  up  your  mind  that  you  should  rule  the  coun- 
try, and  that  silly  saying,  "  what  can  I  do."  You  see 
the  folly,  if  you  can  do  what  every  honest  man  would 
do;  that  is,  if  you  see  a  thief  stealing  public  or  private 
property,  you  will  do  all  you  can  to  stop  him.  You  no 
doubt  have  heard  of  him,  we  do  not  mention  his  name 
at  this  time;  he  is  a  slippery  case  and  a  treacherous 
man.  It  is  with  sincere  sorrow  that  we  look  over  his 
utterly  barren  record.  The  people — O  no,  not  the  peo- 
ple, the  four  millions  strong  thieves — sent  the  greatest 
thief  they  could  find  to  serve  them.  No,  not  to  serve 
them ;  the  four  million  thieves   never  sent  any  one    to 


460  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

serve  them.  They  never  had  sense  enough  to  send  a  man 
to  serve  them  ;  they,  we  just  said,  were  barbarians,  and 
barbarians  never  have  any  person  to  serve  them,  but 
they  serve  some  person.  So  they  sent  the  slippery 
man  to  serve  himself,  and  he  went  and  served  himself 
all  the  time  ;  he  never  done  any  good  for  any  man  but 
himself,  unless  he  received  ten  for  one  ;  and  he  work- 
ed for  the  slippery  man  ;  he  never  tried  to  do  any  good 
to  any  one,  but  the  slippery  man,  and  he  never  done 
any  good  for  his  people.  But  why  did  he  not  do  some 
good  to  his  constituents  ?  We  can  tell  you,  he  could 
not;  his  acquisitiveness  had  the  complete  control  of 
him,  and  it  kept  him  continually  working  for  the  slip- 
pery man,  he  could  not  work  for  the  people  ;  he  had  to 
work  for  Mammon ;  he  was  not  allowed  to  play  truant 
for  a  moment.  He  work  for  the  people  !  you  may  look 
in  vain  for  that.  But  every  thieving  game  that  was 
played,  the  slippery  man  had  a  hand  in  it ;  he  has  done 
much  to  rob  the  people  ;  his  nature  is  to  rob  the  people, 
as  the  nature  of  the  wolf  is  to  kill  sheep.  He  is  mer- 
cenary, and  always  worked  for  the  slippery  man,  and 
he  cannot  work  for  the  people  ;  his  god  Mammon  will 
will  not  give  permission.  He  began  poor  and  made 
millions.  It  is  all  right  for  a  man  to  lay  up  coin 
for  a  rainy  day,  but  a  man  does  not  need  millions. 
The  poet  says  he  who  has  more  than  he  needs  is  a 
robber  of  his  brothers'  rights ;  and  he  who  piles  up 
millions  in  a  few  years,  beginning  poor,  must  not  rob, 
steal  and  plunder,  and  do  acts,  that  if  they  were  known 
would  take  him  to  limbo.  The  man  who  makes  ac- 
cumulations vast  and  immense  in  a  few  years,  would 
if  he  has  not,  sell  his  country;  anything  in  order  for  a 
man  to  make  money  so  quickly,  and  such  immense 
sums,  must  have  an  intense  acquisitiveness,  that  would 
force  him  to  rob.  steal  and  plunder.  The  same  intense 
desire  to  urge  him  on  in  his  money  making,  would 
push  him  to  cheat,  lie,  and  swindle  ;  and  that  same 
man  is  a  damage  to  society.  This  slip})ery  man,  it  is 
said,  is  worth  millions,  it  is  said  three  millions.  Now 
the  average  property  to  each  person  in  the  United 
States,  is  eight  hundred  and  thirty-four  dollars. 


BLACK  REPUBLICAN  TACTICS.  46 1 

Now,  in  order  for  a  man  to  get  three  millions  of 
dollars,  he  must  by  lying,  cheating,  svvindHng,  robbing, 
stealing,  and  in  other  ways  get  the  shares  of  three 
thousand,  five  hundred  and  ninety-seven  persons,  and 
that  is  a  considerable  of  an  army.  vSo  you  see  it  takes  the 
shares  of  the  property  of  over  three  thousand,  five  hun- 
dred and  ninety-seven  persons  in  the  United  States  to 
make  a  millioniare,  and  yet  we  have  such  persons. 
They  are  predacians,  and  all  the  time  the  black  Repub- 
licans are  passing  laws  to  produce  that  result ;  and 
such  men  are  a  damage  to  any  society,  anywhere.  We 
know  that  good  men  will  be  backward  and  loathsome 
to  believe  the  fact,  that  the  black  Republicans  have 
made  the  largest  ring  that  was  (read  again  about  the 
ring)  ever  made  in  the  world,  and  the  most  vicious  and 
pernicious,  the  most  detrimental  and  damaging,  the 
most  injurious  to  society.  This  ring  was  formed  to 
rob  the  people,  and  the  extent  of  their  robberies  has 
not  been  paralleled.  We  say  without  fear  of  being 
falsified,  that  the  world  never  produced  such  extensive 
villainy  and  immense  robberies  as  this  Falsi  Crimen 
ring  has  perpetrated.  We  never  should  have  written 
this  if  these  robberies  had  not  injured  the  country,  and 
we  intend  to  prove  to  the  people  that  what  we  have 
said  is  true.  The  worst  of  all  is,  that  they  teach  oral- 
ly that  there  is  no  honest  man  ;  that  we  are  going 
back  to  barbarism.  We  have  gone  back  one  hundred 
years  in  morals,  we  have  no  doubt ;  but  the  people  are 
not  to  blame.  It  was  the  result  of  the  measures  of  the 
infernal  black  Republicans,  and  their  teachings. 
"  Those  the  gods  wish  to  destroy  they  first  make  mad," 
and  those  the  black  infernals  wish  to  rob  they  first  de- 
moralize, so  they  can  suborn  as  many  as  they  want  to 
carry  out  their  nefarious  schemes  with  ;  such  are  the 
Stygian  tools.  So  the  reader  can  see,  the  more  cor- 
rupt and  degraded  and  immoral  the  people  are,  the 
better  for  aristocracy.  They  say  the  people  are  too 
ignorant  and  immoral  for  self  government,  and  the  in- 
fernals do  all  they  can  to  demoralize  them.  We  have 
heard  them  teaching    their    diabolical  tenets  many  a 


462  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

time,  and  they  have  carried  us  back  more  than  one 
hundred  years  in  morals.  The  war  they  wanted  for  a 
double  purpose  :  first,  to  rob,  steal  and  plunder,  and 
impoverish  the  people ;  and  second,  to  demoralize 
them,  and  make  hundreds  of  millionaires,  and  millions 
of  paupers.  All  they  work  for,  and  always  have,  is  to 
enrich  themselves,  and  enslave  the  people  they  first 
impoverish,  and  demoralize  and  degrade,  then  enslave. 
We  cannot  see  how  a  man  can  vote  that  infamous 
ticket. 

Many  persons  can  hardly  believe  that  the  aristocra- 
C}^  are  making  great  efforts  to  carry  us  back  into  bar- 
barism. These  are  well  meaning  men,  and  judge  oth- 
ers by  themselves.  But  we  tell  you,  if  a  good  man 
judges  a  black  Republican  by  himself,  he  makes  an 
enormous  and  extraordinary  error;  but  if  a  bad  man 
judges  them  by  himself,  he  hits  the  nail  exactly  on  the 
head.  We  will  ventilate  the  point,  why  the  infernal 
black  Republicans  are  trying  to  carry  us  back  into  ig- 
norance and  barbarism.  It  is  for  this  reason:  If  the 
people  are  ignorant  and  degraded,  then  they  can  rob 
them  with  impunity,  and  they  will  have  the  best  thing 
for  them  the  world  ever  saw.  But  if  the  people  are  in- 
telligent and  moral  (and  the  infernals  see  they  are  pro- 
gressing), then  the  infernals  can  hang  their  lying  and 
stealing  principles  in  the  place  they  found  them — Pan- 
demonium. And  they  would  send  the  people  to  Davy 
Jones  if  they  could,  and  if  it  was  for  their  interest. 
The  infernals  will,  of  course,  bring  the  charge  ;  but 
look  back  what  they  have  done,  and  by  their  fruits 
you  will  know  them,  as  we  asked  the  fanatical  black 
Republican.  The  aristocracy  have  always  stolen  from 
the  people,  and  lived  on  the  cream  of  the  land  without 
labor.  We  asked,  Have  they  not ;  he  said,  Yes,  they 
have.  And  we  asked.  When  did  they  quit  stealing, 
and  he  said.  They  have  not  quit.  And  when  we  told 
another  of  the  forty  thieves,  that  the  black  Republi- 
can thieves  were  taking  37  to  47  percent,  of  their  cap- 
ital out  of  the  people,  we  asked  him  if  he  thought  a 
man  was  a  good  citizen   who   upheld    such  robbery. 


BLACK  REPUBLICAN  TACTICS.  463 

He  said,  No,  he  was  not.  They  told  the  truth  once 
about  the  infernal,  codfish,  black  Republican  aristocra- 
cy. It  appears  plainly  that  there  is  a  lying,  cheating, 
swindling,  robbing,  stealing  party  in  every  part  of  the 
world,  and  always  has  been,  that  appropriate  produc- 
tion to  their  own  use.  They  are  non-producers  ;  they 
steal  and  rob  to  get  their  living;  they  have  the  art  to 
perfection,  and  of  course  they  should,  as  they  have 
practiced  the  art  since  the  world  had  any  population. 
And  they  have  representatives  in  every  assembly,  every 
legislature,  every  court,  every  Congress,  every  vSenate, 
every  country,  ignorant  or  learned,  every  religion,  and 
every  government  in  the  world.  In  some  countries 
they  have  all  the  power  ;  in  most  all,  they  rule  by  force 
or  fraud.  They  have  no  soul,  no- morals.  Mammon 
is  the  god  they  worship,  and  they  are  ready  to  serve 
the  aristocracy;  as  when  the  railroad  interest  was 
slightly  assailed,  up  jumped  Slippery  Jim  and  advocat- 
ed their  interest.  He  never  did  any  good  for  his 
country,  and  the  infernal  black  imps  worship  this  same 
Slippery  Jim,  and  push  him  in  the  front  of  the  party. 
But  they  are  on  a  level.  Slippery  Jim  has  no  soul ; 
he  is  for  sale  ;  nothing  too  low  but  he  will  stoop  to  it. 
He  is  destitute  of  honor  and  truth;  he  will  always 
look  for  the  interests  of  Slippery  Jim.  If  any  corrupt 
scheme  is  to  be  passed.  Slippery  Jim  has  always  his 
lip  in  the  matter,  and  he  is  like  my  namesake,  he  has 
no  shame  ;  no  infamy  can  put  the  blush  on  his  cheek, 
or  on  the  cheek  of  our  namesake.  Slippery  Jim  has 
lots  of  money,  and  he  will  do  anything  to  get  it.  That 
makes  him  stand  high  in  his  party,  the  black  Repub- 
licans. They  will  lie,  steal,  and  stoop  to  conquer;  so 
will  Slippery  Jim.  They  say,  if  the  Democrats  have 
the  control  of  the  government  the  negroes  will  have 
to  go  back  into  slavery;  Slippery  Jim  says  so,  too. 
They  say  the  Democrats  will  pay  the  Confederate 
bonds  ;  so  does  Slippery  Jim.  They  flaunt  the  bloody 
shirt;  and  so  did  Slippery  Jim.  They  are  great  liars; 
so  is  Slippery  Jim.  They  are  ready  to  aid  in  any  vic- 
ious and  swindling  scheme  ;  so  is  Slippery  Jim.     The 


464  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

truth  is,  Slippery  Jim  is  at  all  times  ready  to  perform 
any  infamous  scheme,  if  there  is  big  money  in  it.  But 
every  skunk  has  his  day,  and  we  presage  Slippery  Jim 
has  seen  his  best  days,  and  we  think  he  soon  will  be 
laid  on  the  shelf,  and  ticketed  extinct.  He  is  a  Telc- 
du.  It  is  natural  for  birds  of  a  feather  to  flock  togeth- 
er, and  so  it  is  natural  that  the  most  infamous  barba- 
rians should  flock  together.  They  have  played  into 
each  other's  hands  a  long  time,  and  a  wicked  and  ras- 
cally game  they  have  played.  But  they  will  get  their 
dues.  The  same  Slippery  Jim  has  thousands  of  min- 
ions to  do  his  dirty  work,  but  he  is  certain,  if  there  is 
big  money  in  it,  to  perform  it  himself.  If  it  is  very  fla- 
grant and  atrocious,  that  does  not  deter  him  ;  his  con- 
science is  adamantine,  his  morals  India  rubber,  his 
shame  lost  when  he  was  an  infant,  his  honor  not  evol- 
ved, still  in  the  bud,  his  soul  atrophied,  his  organiza- 
tion essentially  barbarous — a  reptile  in  human  form, 
a  brute  in  the  shape  of  a  man.  He  believes  in  the 
strong  Hamiltonian  government ;  he  extols  him  ;  he 
is  his  political  model.  His  fidelity  is  still  in  the  germ, 
his  veracity  yet  in  the  primary  cell.  We  will  say  to 
the  workingman,  shun  him;  do  not  notice  him;  des- 
pise him.  This  proves  the  degradation  of  the  black 
Republican  party.  The  more  degraded  a  man  is,  the 
more  he  is  esteemed.  That  party  (we  mean  political- 
ly), aim  to  put  down  liberal  government.  That  is  their 
whole  aim. 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 

INFAMY  OF  BLACK  REPUBLICANISM. 

The  rank  and  file  of  the  Black  Republicans  are  en- 
deavoring to  take  the  government  back  to  Feudalism, 
or  Monarchy,  or  Imperialism,  we  can  plainly  see. 
They  are  now  more  intent  on  it  than  ever  ;  they  see 
that  the  people  arc  waking  up  and  are  for  reform. 
The  j)C'()j)le  have  broken  up  white  slavery,  and  they 
say  that  black  slavery  would  go  the  same  road.     And 


INFAMY  OF  BLACK  REPUBLICANISM.        465 

they,  seeing  that  they  had  a  better  thing  than  black 
slavery,  they  broke  up  the  black  slavery.  Do  you 
know  that  they  have  something  ten  times  worth  what 
black  slavery  was  ?  They  would  have  held  on  to 
black  slavery  if  they  had  not  discovered  something 
ten  times  better;  that  is,  British  slavery.  It  is  com- 
posed of  eight  engines  of  fraud  and  robbery,  all  work- 
ing together  to  rob,  steal,  swindle,  and  plunder  the 
people.  They  are,  i,  war,  that  the  aristocrats  and  bar- 
barians have  always  had  as  a  pet  theory.  There  they 
could  display  their  animal  nature ;  there  they  could 
revel  and  feast  on  their  enemies'  flesh  and  blood  ;  they 
drank  the  blood  of  their  victims.  And  but  for  the 
present  barbarous,  aristocratic  black  Republicans,  war 
would  soon  be  ended,  and  peace  would  reign.  They 
say  that  war  is  a  necessity.  The  aristocracy  want 
war,  because  they  make  money  out  of  it,  and  they  can 
have  some  commanding  situation,  be  Colonel,  or  Ma- 
jor, or  General,  so  as  to  have  fools  look  up  to  them. 
We  say,  working  men,  look  down  on  all  such  preda- 
cians.  They  are  as  wolves  in  your  sheep-fold  ;  have 
none  of  them ;  they  will  be  your  ruin.  Working 
man,  always  oppose  war,  unless  the  enemy  comes  on 
your  soil ;  then  give  him  Beelzebub,  but  never  invade 
another  country.  War  is  the  greatest  damage,  the 
most  demoralizing,  the  most  inhuman,  the  most  bru- 
tal, the  most  savage,  the  most  barbarian,  the  most  ex- 
pensive, the  most  wasteful,  the  most  unreasonable,  the 
greatest  folly,  and  working  men  have  to  pay  the  bill, 
which  is  immense.  So  we  say,  Workingman,  do  not 
be  an  egregious  simpleton  and  fanatic,  do  not  go  to 
war.  Next  machine  to  make  slaves  is,  ,2,  standing 
army.  It  appears  strange  that  the  poor  man  should 
willingly  engage  to  enslave  his  fellow,  for  some  other 
person  or  persons.  Yes,  strange  that  he  should  be  a 
slave-maker.  A  standing  army  is  for  no  other  pur- 
pose than  to  oppress  the  people,  and  the  expense  is 
enormous.  We  will  give  the  expense  of  the  most  of 
the  inhuman  countries,  where  they  enslave  mankind 
with  standing  armies,   and  also   give  their  expenses, 


466  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

and  the  number  of  soldiers  they  keep.  This  is  the 
primordial  way  to  rule  mankind  ;  that  is,  by  force,  and 
supplemented  by  fraud  and  treachery. 

We  say  again  to  the  workingman,  Have  nothing  to 
do  with  a  standing  army ;  oppose  always  such  assist- 
ants of  despotism  ;  do  not  join  ;  do  not  let  your  son, 
or  relative,  or  friend  join,  if  you  can  prevent  it.  If 
there  were  no  standing  armies,  the  world  would  in  a 
reasonable  time  be  free ;  that  is  the  greatest  engine 
of  slavery  for  the  aristocracy.  It  is  by  its  aid  they  are 
enabled  to  hold  the  people  in  slavery  ;  with  the  other 
engines  they  could  enslave  the  people,  but  they  could 
not  hold  them.  So  you  can  see  how  important  an  en- 
gine the  standing  army  is  ;  it  puts  the  fetters  on  the 
people,  and  keeps  them  on.  And  so  it  is  man  en- 
slaves man.  The  poor  are  an  instrument  in  the  hands 
of  the  tyrants,  and  despots,  and  thieves,  and  codfish 
aristocrats,  to  enslave  their  own  flesh  and  blood. 
Hold  !  Do  not  be  a  slave-maker.  Of  all  the  infernal  be- 
ings in  Tartarus,  or  in  Dante's  lowest  Stygian  lakes, 
nothing  can  go  lower  than  the  slave-maker.  The 
standing  army  enslaves  him,  and  he  is  forced  to  pay 
the  expense  of  such  enslavement.  The  infernal  aris- 
tocrat engages  the  poor  man  to  enslave  the  poor  man, 
and  then  compels  the  poor  man  to  pay  for  the  expense 
of  making  him  a  slave.  The  next  is  land  monoply, 
3.  Our  friend — we  say  our  friend,  because  we  are 
engaged  in  one  and  the  same  business — he  says  land 
monopoly  is  the  cause  of  all  the  misery  in  the  world. 
We  think  it  is  a  potent  factor,  but  it  is  not  suflficient 
alone  to  transfer  the  property  in  the  hands  of  a  few,  as 
it  has  been  done  in  the  United  Statesforthe  last  twen- 
ty-four years,  under  the  diabolical  rule  of  the  codfish, 
barbarian,  black  Republican  aristocracy.  The  infer- 
nal thieves  had  eight  engines  to  work  instead  of  one, 
and  land  monopoly  is  not  the  most  potent  factor,  by  a 
long  shot,  but  the  sequel  will  show.  It  is  an  infernal 
ini(iuity  to  engross  the  public  lands,  as  they  have  done 
in  some  (:oun tries — say  England,  Ireland,  and  Scot- 
land- and  if  an  infernal   crime   is  to  be  done,  no  one 


INFAMY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICANISM.  467 

can  perform  it  quicker  than  the  infernal  aristocracy. 
One  man  has  as  good  a  right  to  the  land  as  another  ; 
but  see  how  the  black  Stygians  have  given  the  public 
lands  away.  They,  no  doubt,  had  no  right  to  give 
those  lands  away  by  the  constitution.  The  object  we 
have  stated  before ;  it  was  to  build  up  a  power  to  en- 
slave the  people.  Look  back  and  see  what  the  infer- 
nals  have  done.  Nearly  three  hundred  millions  of 
acres  of  land  given  away  for  nothing.  And  the  black 
infernals  are  in  favor  of  giving  them  the  land  after  they 
have  forfeited  their  right.  They  wear  the  collar,  and 
go  for  their  masters,  and  we  are  sorry  to  say  that  we 
have  to  say,  They  are  infernal  fools. 

Next  came  protective  high  tariff.  4,  We  class  them 
in  that  manner,  because  we  think  they  were  discovered 
in  that  order.  The  British  have  used  this  system  be- 
fore we  were  a  nation,  and  they  made  money  for  the 
aristocracy,  and  they  also  made  a  million  slaves  in  the 
shape  of  paupers,  and  they  made  many  real  slaves. 
Now  the  British  do  not  make  so  much  use  of  the  tar- 
iff. They  overdone  the  tariff,  and  it  did  them  no  more 
good.  They  export  their  manufactures.  We  use 
nearly  all  at  home  ;  only  about  one  hundred  million 
of  dollars'  worth  of  manufactures  are  exported.  The 
British  nation  raise  for  revenue  by  the  tariff  about  one 
hundred  million  dollars ;  so  it  appears  that  after  the 
black  infernals  crying  so  loud,  British  free  trade !  they 
have  no  free  trade.  We,  the  United  States,  raise 
about  twice  that  sum,  say  two  hundred  million  dollars. 
This  United  States  tariff  is  the  greatest  slave-maker 
of  the  eight  engines  of  British  slavery.  The  black  tar- 
tareans  have  a  rich  engine  in  this  high  tariff,  the  rich- 
est in  the  world.  We,  after  a  while,  will  give  you  the 
figures.  But  the  tariff  is  the  most  costly  way  of  raising 
revenue  that  could  be  devised.  It  would  not  be  toler- 
ated a  year,  only  the  aristocratic  barbarians  make  bil- 
lions out  of  it ;  it  is  their  rich  mine — there  is  where 
the  money  goes.  Every  dollar's  worth  of  goods  you 
buy  at  the  stores,  you  have  to  pay  nearly  two  dollars 
for  it,  and  the  government  gets  but    eight  to  ten  per 


468  THE  workingman's  guide. 

cent,  of  it.  The  black  Republican  is  the  most  egre- 
gious fool  in  the  world.  Next  is  the  British  system  of 
banking.  5.  It  was  discovered  and  put  in  operation  in 
London,  by  the  Bank  of  England;  it  is  a  prodigious 
and  an  infernal  swindle  ;  it  has  been  planted  in  these 
United  States  by  the  infernal  Federalists,  and  their 
degenerate  sons  are  cultivating  the  swindle  at  this  day. 
The  United  States  Bank  was  of  the  same  odious  swin- 
dle. All  of  these  engines  of  slave-making — the  British 
have  but  one;  that  is  the  telegraph.  They  have  the 
postal  telegraph.  6.  Railroads — these  are  of  recent 
origin.  The  last  fifty  years  the  railroads  were  nearly 
all  built.  The  first  road  we  remember  was  built  in 
New  York  state,  from  Albany  to  Schenectady,  about 
fifteen  miles.  The  manner  of  building  the  road  was 
as  follows  :  After  the  road  was  graded,  a  rock  about 
two  feet  square,  and  a  foot  thick,  was  laid,  and  a  strong 
piece  of  wood,  four  inches  by  five,  was  laid  on  the 
rock,  with  cross  pieces  to  hold  them,  and  a  bar  of  iron 
one  inch  thick  and  three  inches  wide  was  spiked  on 
the  string-piece.  It  was  a  poor  road.  That  was  the 
pioneer  road,  but  it  did  not  last  long.  Soon  progress 
was  seen  in  railroading,  and  also  soon  robbing,  steal- 
ing, lying,  cheating,  swindling,  and  all  manner  of  ras- 
cality was  practised.  The  principal  cheat  is  to  say  the 
road  costs  nearly  double,  or  more  than  what  the  actual 
cost  of  the  road  was,  and  issue  stock  for  that  amount; 
so  the  black  Republicans  have  a  plan  to  make  the 
people  pay  twice  the  profit  to  the  road  they  should 
do.  Now  the  roads  cost  more  than  the  first,  but  are 
ten  times  better.  .Some  of  these  roads  are  a  great 
monopoly,  and  are  an  immense  damage  to  the  people. 
But,  says  the  lackey  of  the  black  Republicans,  How 
can  that  be.'*  We  will  tell  you.  First,  by  charging 
double  for  fare's  and  freights,  which  is  an  infamous 
crime  of  itself;  but  worse  than  that,  in  corrupting  and 
degrading  the  morals  of  the  legislature  and  the  people 
to  an  alarming  extent.  A  more  stringent  law  punish- 
ing bribery  in  elections,  and  corruptions  in  the  legis- 
latures.    Such   crimes  should  be  a  capital  offense,  and 


INFAMY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICANISM.  469 

should  be  punished  by  hanging,  and  be  put  in  execu- 
tion. These  criminals  are  not  fit  to  live  in  a  moral 
country,  and  the  fact  is.  They  sJiotild  not  be  suffered  to 
live  in  any  country.  They  are  a  disgrace  to  their  spe- 
cies, and  worse  than  that,  a  damage  to  the  race.  They 
have  put  back  the  morals  of  the  country  more  than  one 
hundred  years;  they  teach  orally  to  the  people  iniqui- 
ty ;  we  have  heard  them  do  so.  Barbarism  is  ^hat 
they  want,  then  they  can  swindle  the  people — so  they 
say  the  people  are  going  back  into  barbarism.  As  we 
have  said,  an  honest  man  finds  it  a  hard  matter  to  be- 
lieve the  unparalleled  atrocity  and  iniquity,  and  tran- 
scending depravity  of  black  Republicans.  7.  Tele- 
graph monopoly — the  fact  is,  if  we  have  the  heinous 
history  of  one,  we  have  the  depravity  of  all.  The 
reader,  no  doubt,  has  a  conception  of  the  conspiracy 
the  flagitious  scamps  have  laid  to  rob  the  people.  See 
the  ring  of  four  million  thieves,  and  the  eight  engines 
of  British  slavery  But  the  infernal  will  be  glad  to 
learn  that  he  is  a  member  of  such  a  powerful  party. 
O,  fool !  it  may  be  that  your  eyes  will  be  opened,  and 
then  you  will  see  what  a  depraved  thing  you  are ;  a 
mere  tool  for  a  vile  aristocracy;  a  serf  to  do  the  bid- 
ding of  an  odious  and  infamous  master  ;  a  fool  to  serve 
a  despot  and  thief  and  robber.  But  the  four  millions 
will  never  see  their  infamy ;  that  is  a  law  of  nature, 
that  the  degraded  and  infamous  cannot  see  their  bar- 
barian iniquity  ;  they  have  to  climb  higher  before  they 
can  see. 

The  eighth  engine  for  to  make  slaves  is  monopoly 
in  navigation.  The  miscreant  Vanderbilt  acquired  an 
enormous  fortune  in  that  manner.  That  is,  120,000 
times  as  much  as  the  average  property  of  each  indi- 
vidual in  the  United  States.  And  a  combination  has 
a  monopoly  of  the  navigation  on  the  coast  of  Western 
United  States,  and  compel  people  to  pay  exorbitant 
fares  and  freights.  So  the  diabolicals  make  their 
money.  They  are  desperadoes ;  nothing  too  mean 
and  low  for  them  to  do.  Yet  their  helots  will  say  that 
is  right;  none  are  forced  to  go  on  their  boats.     We 


470  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

can  see  slavery  and  degradation  in  the  serfs  doing 
what  their  masters  want  them  to  do.  These  men  keep 
back  civiHzation.  It  is  aristocracy  that  is  the  curse  of 
the  world.  It  is  aristocracy  that  produces  pauperism 
and  poverty.  It  is  aristocracy  that  produces  nearly 
all  the  suffering  and  misery  in  the  world.  You  all 
know  that  where  there  are  no  aristocrats,  the  people 
are  happy  and  contented,  and  as  aristocracy  increases, 
poverty,  crime,  and  misery  increase.  See,  one  man 
takes  the  property  of  120,000  individuals  ;  what  a  great 
number  of  paupers  that  must  make.  But  that  pleases 
the  black  Republican  helot  and  fool.  He  strives  to 
get  the  property  in  a  few  men's  hands,  and  make  a 
slave  of  himself  and  his  fellow  citizens.  O  fool  of 
fools,  as  long  as  a  country  is  barbarian,  so  long  they 
will  be  slaves ;  and  be  robbed,  and  cheated,  and  im- 
posed upon,  by  an  infernal  aristocracy.  It  is  their  ig- 
norance that  causes  them  to  be  fooled  and  enslaved. 
That  is  what  is  the  matter  with  this  country.  The 
black  Republicans  are  barbarians,  and  they  do  not 
want  Democracy.  They  hate  it;  they  do  as  their 
leaders  tell  them  to  do.  That  is  barbarism.  Every 
honest  and  intelligent  man  will  be  a  Democrat,  and  be 
opposed  to  monopoly;  in  fact,  be  opposed  to  the  eight 
engines  of  corruption  and  slavery.  The  matter  is 
plain  ;  an  honest  man  cannot  do  otherwise ;  he  is  for 
honest  government  if  he  knows  anything,  and  if  he  is 
intelligent,  he  will  soon  see  what  is  right  in  govern- 
ment. But  an  ignorant  man  and  a  fool  will  be  very 
apt  to  be  an  aristocrat.  The  knaves  and  thieves  will 
fool  him,  and  we  tell  you  that  a  fool  will  believe  a  lie, 
sooner  than  he  will  the  truth.  The  black  Republicans 
have  most  of  the  knaves  and  fools,  but  surrounding 
circumstances  must  be  considered.  A  clever  and 
good  man  may  live  among  a  nest  of  infamous  and  in- 
fernal aristocrats,  and  he  may  then  be  a  fool,  black 
Republican,  if  he  is  poor,  and  sure  if  he  is  rich. 

The  black  Republicans,  we  say  openly  and  boldly, 
are  barbarians.  They  have  not  yet  progressed  suffi- 
ciently to  be  Democrats.    They  will  not  believe  what  we 


INFAMY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICANISM.  47 1 

say  to  them ;  it  certainly  is  so,  and  we  can  tell  you 
how  to  learn  the  fact.  In  the  first  place,  you  must  be 
a  man  and  do  your  own  thinking  ;  do  not  believe  what 
an  infernal  aristocrat  tells  you,  as  he  is  a  liar,  and 
truth  is  not  in  him.  Then,  by  reason  and  common 
sense,  you  will  find  what  we  have  said  is  true  as  (a 
stone  thrown  up  will  fall  down)  nature,  and  you  know 
she  is  truth,  and  fidelity,  and  honor.  She  does  the 
same  work,  under  the  same  circumstances,  exactly 
alike — not  a  particle  of  variation.  But  with  different 
materials  and  different  circumstances  the  same  result 
will  not  be  produced.  The  above  eight  British  engines 
of  slavery  we  wish  you  to  notice.  They  are  the  machines 
that  have  made  nearly  all  the  trouble  in  the  world. 
And  if  you  wish  to  be  a  free  man,  the  people  must 
keep  those  machines  in  bounds,  and  not  let  the  black 
Republican  thieves  use  these  engines  against  them. 
We  will  explain  them  correctly,  one  at  a  time,  and 
show  how  much  the  infernal  thieves  have  stolen  from 
the  people  with  those  slave-making  machines.  It  will 
take  a  long  time  to  repair  the  damage  the  black  Re- 
publican tartarean  thieves  have  done  to  the  coun- 
try. We  must  be  cautious  how  we  manage  govern- 
ment ;  in  a  few  year's,  more  damage  can  be  done  than 
can  be  reformed  in  a  hundred  years.  Every  person  is 
aware  that  matters  can  be  broken  and  disordered  in  a 
short  time,  so  that  it  will  take  years  to  repair  them. 
The  black  infernals  done  all  the  damage  they  could. 
Democracy  is  a  thorn  in  their  flesh.  Under  a  demo- 
cratic government,  they  cannot  steal,  and  rob,  and 
plunder.  And  they  hate  democrats  ;  they  hate  honesty 
in  government,  and  those  who  are  dishonest  in  govern- 
ment will  be  dishonest  in  business,  if  they  have  an  op- 
portunity. Hamilton,  their  model  in  this  government, 
was  for  a  corrupt,  aristocratic  government.  You  will 
think  this  is  strange.  But  consider:  the  eight  en- 
gines of  slavery  are  nothing  but  demoralization,  waste, 
havoc,  robbery,  plunder,  helotism,  fraud,  corruption, 
dishonesty,  partiality,  unequal  distribution  of  property, 
lying,    cheating,    strategy,  conspiracy,  plots,  knavery, 


472  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

rascality,  serfdom,  high  taxes,  deceit,  degradation,  de- 
basement, barbarism,  immorality,  crimes  unnumbered, 
falsi  crimen  and  all  diabolism. 

It  is  strange  that  individuals,  claiming  to  be  moral 
and  enlightened,  should  lay  plans  to  rob,  and  steal, 
and  cheat  their  fellow  creatures,  so  that  they  thereby 
become  poor  and  needy,  and  poverty  and  want,  dis- 
tress and  starvation,  misery  and  woe  follow  them  to 
the  tomb.  But  such  is  the  fact.  Nations  have  ap- 
peared on  the  globe,  and  have  become  moral  and  relig- 
ious, intelligent  and  refined,  learned  and  civilized,  and 
they  have  halted  in  all  those  elevated  qualities,  and  of- 
ten not  only  halted  in  their  worthy  and  happy  progress, 
but  retraced  their  upward  progress  to  the  very  begin- 
ning of  their  civilization,  and  all  their  arts  lost  to  man- 
kind ;  and  they,  the  inhabitants  of  the  country,  were 
unconscious  that  such  improvements  ever  existed  in 
their  country.  The  arts  had  been  carried  to  a  high 
state  of  perfection,  and  all  were  lost.  This  is  a  mys- 
tery political  economy  has  not  accounted  for.  Why  ? 
They  have  not,  we  can  not  say,  perhaps,  they  did  not 
have,  the  courage  to  tell  the  truth,  as  the  powers  that 
were  would  be  enraged ;  and  as  those  powers  are  re- 
vengeful and  persecuting  wretches,  no  wonder  that 
the  political  economists  were  afraid  to  charge  the 
truth  where  it  belonors.  We  claim  to  have  solved  this 
long  sought  mystery.  The  truth  is,  that  aristocracy 
is  the  instrument  that  has  occasioned  all  this  evil  that 
has  happened  to  many  countries.  They  are  the  mis- 
creants that  have  pulled  down  many  happy  civiliza- 
tions. But,  says  the  parasite  of  the  Black  Republican^ 
that  is  easy  to  say,  but  not  so  easy  to  prove.  We  say 
it  is  easy  to  prove.  You  can  starve  your  dog,  your 
ox,  your  cow,  your  sheep,  and  your  horse,  so  that  none 
of  them  will  be  left  on  your  premises.  So  the  infer- 
nals  robbed  and  stole  every  thing  from  the  laborer  so 
he  could  not  live,  and  rather  than  starve  and  leave 
their  robbers  alive  they  made  an  indiscriminate 
slaughter  of  the  diabolicals;  and,  in  time,  another 
tribe  came  in  the  country  and  settled  there,  and  they 


INFAMY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICANISM.  473 

did  not  know  what  become  of  the  former  inhabitants. 
Many  relics,  at  such  places,  were  found  to  prove  the 
character  of  the  former  people.  The  same  thing  is 
beginning  to  take  place  here,  in  Europe,  and  in  all 
countries;  and  if  the  people  do  not  look  for  their  own 
welfare  and  happiness,  the  infernal  Black  Republicans 
will  steal  all  their  goods  and  provisions.  The  people 
will  become  emasculate  and  effeminate;  weak  and 
outside  barbarians  can  come  and  kill  them  all,  and 
take  possession  of  the  country ;  and  we  read  of  a  peo- 
ple whose  government,  it  has  been  said,  was  a  theoc- 
racy subdued  nations,  and  killed  all  men,  women  and 
children,  but  sometimes  they  kept  the  virgins  for  the 
use  of  the  priests.  So  we  can  see  how  the  lost  civili- 
zations became  extinct.  And  that  is  nothing  new  in 
animated  nature  ;  thousands  of  animals  become  ex- 
tinct. What  became  of  the  saurians.^*  Where  are 
the  mammoths  and  polar  elephants.?  Thousands  of 
years  ago  they  went  to  rest  to  their  eternal  sleep. 
We  can  not  see  reason  to  wonder  how  these  lost  civil- 
izations occurred.  What  do  we  read  of  Tamerlane, 
the  Tartar  ?  Read  the  first  part  of  this  book,  and  you 
will  know  where  many  nations,  thousands  of  cities 
gone  and  not  a  trace  left,  and  the  infernal  aristocracy 
done  it  all ;  nothing  too  base  and  inhuman  for  them 
to  do.  Who  built  a  pyramid  of  skulls  ?  Tamerlane. 
On  the  ruins  of  Bagdad  he  erected  a  pyramid  of  nine- 
ty-thousand human  skulls,  and  at  one  time  buried 
four  thousand  soldiers  alive  It  is  an  easy  matter  to 
account  for  the  lost  civilizations.  The  aristocracy 
rendered  them  effete,  and  enervated  and  enslaved 
them.  Then  they  became  victims  to  their  own  blood- 
thirsty passions,  in  insurrections  and  revolutions,  or 
were  subdued  and  exterminated  by  outside  barbarians. 
So  you  can  see  how  the  lost  civilizations  were  disposed 
of.  Now  the  aristocracy  in  this  country  are  transfer- 
ring most  of  the  property  to  the  coffers  of  a  few 
thieves,  and  liars,  and  robbers,  and  scamps.  And  can 
a  pauper  be  a  barrier  against  corruption  and  filthy  lu- 
cre ?    Whom  the  gods  wish  to  destroy  they  first  make 


474  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

mad.  Whom  the  lying  and  swindling  Black  Repub- 
licans wish  to  make  slaves,  they  first  rob  them  and 
make  paupers  of  them.  And  now  they  have  the  eight 
engines  of  slavery,  imported  from  the  British  nation. 
The  infernals  always  had  an  inkling  for  British  meas- 
ures. They  wanted  to  establish  a  similar  government 
in  this  country.  But  they  have  the  octopus,  (British 
Slavery).  They  have  the  anaconda,  (Railroad).  They 
have  the  dragon,  (a  high  tariff).  They  have  Belial, 
(the  war).  They  have  the  beast  with  many  heads  and 
horns,  (standing  army).  They  have  the  banking  sys- 
tem, (machievelism).  They  have  the  centipede,  (the 
telegraph  and  watered  stock).  And  they  have  Pan- 
dora's box,  (monopoly).  And  with  all  these  infernal 
machines  to  rob,  steal,  and  plunder  the  people,  what 
good  does  it  do  them  ?  They  know  that  they  are  a 
nefarious  and  infamous  infernals,  and  it  will  be  with 
them  as  it  was  with  the  saurians. 

The  rank  and  file  of  the  black  Republican  party  are 
a  pack  of  Siberian  bloodhounds,  kept  by  an  infamous, 
infernal,  wicked  and  robbing,  codfish  aristocracy  to 
steal,  and  give  to  their  masters  the  property  of  the 
country.  These  freebooters  steal  and  give  it  to  a  few 
leaders,  say  a  twelfth  of  the  population.  The  object 
is  to  get  the  property  in  a  few  hands,  and  then  they, 
by  their  money  and  the  British  slavery  system,  can 
with  these  freebooters  enslave  the  people ;  and  it  has 
been  said  by  some  men  that  the  time  is  not  far  distant 
when  they  will  declare  their  principles  and  the  nature 
of  their  measures.  And  it  has  been  declared  (see  war) 
we  have  had  the  effort  to  increase  the  standing  army, 
giving  the  land  away  to  a  few.  What  is  the  matter  with 
the  people  .f*  Are  they  charmed  and  infatuated,  so  that 
they  rush  in  the  coils  of  the  boa  constrictor  and  be  de- 
stroyed ?  We  say  to  the  people.  Open  your  eyes  and 
maintain  your  liberty.  Do  you  think  the  railroads 
will  ever  pay  the  government  what  they  owe  li?  Do 
you  see  that  when  an  effort  is  made  to  get  any  money 
from  them,  up  jumps  the  leading  man,  and  all  follow 
in  ojjposing  it  ?     Do  you  not  see  that  they  intend  to 


INFAMY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICANISM.  475 

give  all  away  to  the  thieves  they  can  ?  Do  you  not 
see  that  they  are  determined  to  give  the  country  away, 
and  then  all  will  be  enslaved  ?  A  powerful  and  rich 
band  of  robbers  are  intent  on  making  the  mass  of  the 
people  paupers,  and  these  predacians  are  doing  all  they 
can  to  make  the  rich  richer  and  the  poor  poorer. 
And  can  it  be  that  the  people  will  rob  themselves  and 
turn  freebooters,  and  steal  their  own  property,  and  give 
it  to  a  codfish  aristocracy,  who  now  are  having  a  con- 
tinual saturnalia,  and  living  in  magnificent  luxury  on 
the  sweat  and  toil  and  hearts'  blood  of  the  working- 
man  !  But,  says  the  lackey,  that  is  all  moonshine. 
But  we  say  that  they  have  stolen  forty  billions  of  dol- 
lars in  the  last  twenty-four  years,  and  been  more  than 
that  amount  of  damage  to  the  country.  Those  who 
laid  the  foundation  of  this  government  never  had  the 
remotest  idea  that  such  infamous  stealings  and  rob- 
bings would  be  perpetrated  in  this  free  country,  and 
the  people  not  paying  but  little  attention  to  it. 
That  is  the  worst  feature  in  the  case.  And  the 
farmers,  who  get  none  of  the  stealings  and  have 
to  pay  freely,  how  they  can  be  so  easy  in  their  boots, 
is  a  mystery  to  us.  We  say  it  is  high  time  to  mend 
the  break  the  infernals  have  made,  and  why  do  we  pro- 
crastinate ?  The  thieves  are  taking  our  property,  and 
why  are  we  idle  ?  We  have  been  ruled  for  twenty-four 
years  by  a  pack  of  thieves,  and  more  has  been  stolen 
than  ever  was  before.  Labor  has  been  robbed  of  its 
just  dues.  Instead  of  government  protecting  the  peo- 
ple, the  freebooters  have  robbed  them  at  every  place 
they  could.  The  truth  is,  there  has  been  nothing  but 
robbery;  we  say  positively,  they  did  nothing  but  rob 
and  steal.  "  But,"  says  the  fanatical  black  imp,  "  they 
liberated  the  slaves,  and  that  was  worth  the  cost  of  the 
war,"  You  see  by  that  he  is  a  fanatic.  We  say  that 
was  robbery,  because  it  was  intended  to  injure  and  pro- 
voke the  South.  That  was  their  hearts'  intent,  and  if 
they  did  good  when  the  intent  was  to  do  evil,  they  on- 
ly deserve  the  blasted  infamy  and  opprobrium  of  every 
honest  man.     Then  the  second  reason   they  liberated 


476  THE  workingman's  guide. 

the  slaves,  to  have  a  hobby  to  ride  into  office.  They 
never  cared  for  the  slaves,  that  the  leaders  did  not ; 
they  were  a  horde  of  thieves,  liars,  predacians,  free- 
booters, buccaneers  and  robbers.  All  they  cared  was 
to  injure  the  South,  and  make  money  out  of  it.  And 
the  next  thing  they  wanted  was  to  pauperize  the  peo- 
ple. They  want  the  European  system  firmly  planted 
here — two  classes,  very  rich  and  very  poor,  aristocracy 
and  slavery — that  is  what  they  are  working  for,  and 
we  tell  you  they  have  nearly  made  it  already.  What 
pleases  them  is  to  have  all  the  property  in  a  few  men's 
hands,  the  mass  of  the  people  in  poverty,  and  so  low 
that  they  never  can  rise.  "  Men  working  for  a  sheep's 
head  and  pluck  a  day,  and  lie  under  a  cart  at  night," 
said  one  of  their  leaders.  Children  crying  for  bread, 
the  aged  starving,  will  please  them,  and  they  have  a 
continual  saturnalia  and  all  the  property  ;  then  they 
will  be  satisfied.  For  the  last  twenty-four  years  they 
have  stolen  more  property  from  the  people  than  all  the 
property  amounts  to.  But  how  can  that  be  ?  says  an 
aristocratic  serf.  You  notice  they  had  twenty-four 
years  to  steal  it ;  that  would  be  about  two  billions  a  year, 
and  they  spend  money  freely  all  the  time,  and  they 
spend  money  like  water.  It  costs  them  nothing,  they 
steal  it.  But  the  fool  black  Republican  cannot  see 
how  they  can  steal  so  much  ;  but  he  will  not  see.  The 
most  of  the  people  do  not  know  a  particle  about  poli- 
tics, think  that  the  money  stolen  is  taken  feloniously 
out  of  the  treasury,  but  that  is  not  so ;  it  is  true  that 
some  money  is  taken  that  way.  But  now  they  have 
the  British  slavery  machine,  that  is  composed  of  eight 
engines.  They  have  been  named,  but  as  they  are  very 
important  machines  of  the  aristocracy,  and  their  living, 
we  will  name  them  again  :  ist,  war,  2d,  standing  army, 
3d,  high  tariff,  4th,  British  banking  system,  5th,  rail- 
roads, stock  watered,  6th,  telegraph  monopoly,  7th, 
land  monopoly,  8th,  navigation  monopoly. 

We  will  postpone  the  main  treatise  on  morals,  but 
will  have  a  few  remarks  to  make  at  present.  Morals, 
most  people  know,   is  the   highest  attribute   of  man. 


INFAMY  OF  BLACK  REPUBLIC ANISM.        477 

The  brutes  have  the  germ  of  this  high  faculty  only, 
and  it  grows  in  them  slowly,  more  so  than  in  man. 
If  all  men  would  do  the  best  they  could,  the  world 
soon  would  be  happy.  F'-ven  if  a  person  did  not  know 
what  was  rieht,  he  soon  would  learn,  if  he  had  anv  ar- 
dent  wish  to.  The  trouble  in  the  world  is,  that  we 
have  an  infernal  pack  of  brutes  and  bloodhounds  to 
hunt  us,  and  live  on  our  labor.  And  no  reason  or 
justice  ever  enters  into  their  minds.  For  instance: 
you  say  to  an  infernal  black  Republican  thief  that  it  is 
wrong  for  the  manufacturers  to  take  37  to  47  per  cent, 
from  the  people  on  their  capital ;  he,  the  soulless  scamp, 
will  insult  you  by  saying  you  would  do  the  same  if  you 
had  the  chance.  Now  he  is  so  dull,  morally,  that  he 
does  not  know  that  was  an  insult.  He,  the  freebooter, 
never  uses  the  word  right;  we  say  never,  that  may  be 
too  strong,  but  we  will  say  seldom.  He  is  a  stranger 
to  a  true  sense  of  man's  rights.  With  him  all  is  right 
that  brings  money  in  his  pocket.  And  so  he  is  a 
stranger  to  shame ;  it  does  not  manifest  any  visible 
change  on  his  cheek,  no  more  than  it  would  on  the 
cheek  of  a  brass  monke}^  The  more  intelligent  a  peo- 
ple are  the  better  the  government  will  be,  provided 
there  are  a  large  majority  intelligent.  Where  there  is 
only  half  of  the  people  intelligent,  they  may  have  a 
bad  government.  The  thing  we  will  explain  in  this 
manner.  In  every  government  there  is  an  infernal 
aristocracy,  who  are  living  on  the  people  without  doing 
any  labor.  They  have  some  of  or  all  of  the  British 
engines  before  mentioned,  which  have  taken  forty 
billions  out  of  the  people's  pockets  the  last  twenty-four 
years.  These  infernals  who  rob  the  people  will  lie, 
cheat  and  swindle  to  keep  the  place  to  steal ;  they  can 
fool  and  buy  nearly  all  the  ignorant ;  see  feudal  times. 
Ignorant  persons  are  easily  enslaved,  that  is  the  case 
with  the  black  Republicans  ;  so  they  will  get  nearly  all 
the  ignorant.  Mind,  we  said  nothing  of  morals.  With 
money  and  the  promise  of  of^ce  they  can  buy  the  in- 
telligent so  as  to  give  them  a  majority.  So,  where  the 
people  are  half  ignorant,  one  twentieth  of  the  number 


478  THE  workingman's  guide. 

may  rob,  steal,  plunder,  and  cheat,  and  rule  the  whole 
of  the  people  by  robbing  them.  This  country  is  in 
that  predicament,  half  ignorant,  and  the  ignorant  are 
nearly  all  black  Republicans  (mind,  we  are  talking  on 
politics),  and  they  have  a  few  intelligent  voters — say 
that  they  have  one  fifth  of  those — and  one  fourth  of 
those  who  are  infernal  scamps  and  tartarean  scoun- 
drels have  robbed  the  people  of  forty  billions  of  dollars 
in  twenty-four  years.  Four  fifths  of  the  Democrats 
know  they  have,  and  only  one  fifth  of  the  infernals 
know  it.  And  the  worst  feature  in  the  matter  is,  that 
those  four  million  black,  ignorant,  Republican  scoun- 
drels will  not  learn  that  they  are  tools  to  rob,  steal,  and 
plunder  their  fellow  citizens.  So  we  can  plainly  see 
that  we  are  in  a  woeful  predicament;  the  thieves 
stealing  our  property,  from  two  to  three  billion  dollars 
a  year,  and  we  have  but  a  slight  chance  to  stop  them. 
We  can  form  some  opinion  what  thieves  who  get  two 
or  three  billions  of  dollars  a  year  can  do,  among  a  peo- 
ple who  have  but  little  moral  principle.  Their  money 
cost  them  nothing,  and  they  can  afford  to  spend  a  bil- 
lion a  year,  and  then  be  one  to  two  billion  dollars 
ahead  with  their  stealings.  There  is  no  use  to  appeal 
to  the  four  millions  strong,  we  think  they  are  sworn  to 
go  with  the  thieves,  and  not  vote  the  Democratic  tick- 
•et.  We  can  all  see  when  any  thieving  plot  is  on  the 
carpet,  the  black  buccaneers  all  are  at  the  election, 
and  the  more  the  people  are  robbed  the  stronger  black 
Republicans  they  are.  We  cannot 'help  but  think  that 
the  people  will  take  up  arms  and  fight  for  their  rights. 
We  counsel  peace,  and  we  shall  teach  the  way  to  gain 
our  liberties ;  and  the  only  manner  to  make  good  and 
happy  and  prosperous  people  in  this  land  is  to  use  rea- 
son and  sense  in  all  times  and  places,  in  good  times 
and  in  hard  times,  in  weal  or  woe,  in  prosperity  and 
adversity,  is  to  adhere  to  peacable  measures.  Any  ad- 
vantage we  gain  by  spilling  blood  by  war  and  sangui- 
nary strife  is  of  no  account.  If  we  should  wipe  out  the 
infernal  aristocracy  in  one  night,  and  their  engines  of 
liritish  slavery,  it  would  do  us   no  good;'  all  the  steps 


GOVERNMENT  AS  THE  PEOPLE.  479 

would  have  to  be  gone  over  again  by  reason  and  sense. 
What  passion  does,  reason  always  has  to  do  over. 
Passion  is  a  fool,  that  kills  itself  and  its  best  friend,  and 
it  kills  the  goose  that  lays  the  golden  egg.  Let  noth- 
ing be  done  in  a  passion.  The  time,  if  ever  that  time 
comes,  that  it  is  best  to  arm  and  to  combat,  rush  for 
your  dear  liberty  of  yourselves,  and  wives,  and  children, 
and  friends,  is  at  present,  not  in  the  near  future. 


CHAPTER  XXX. 

GOVERNMENT    AS    THE    PEOPLE. 

Nearly  one-half  the  people  are  barbarians  in  these 
United  States,  and  they  nearly  all  are  Black  Repub- 
lican aristocratic  thieves  ;  we  speak  always  politically, 
and  that  is  the  main  thing.  The  thieves  have  stolen 
from  the  people  many  times  more  than  what  they  sav- 
ed. If  they  had  attended  to  politics  thoroughly,  they 
would  have  made  much  money;  but  a  majority  of  the 
people  being  political  thieves,  they  stole  for  the  infer- 
nal aristocracy  ;  and  they  made  in  their  business  from 
30  to  60  per  cent. — no  doubf  average  over  40  per  cent. — 
and  the  people  made  less  than  three  per  cent.  But, 
says  a  smart  Alexander,  on  his  last  legs,  I  intend  to  let 
politics  alone,  and  attend  to  my  business;  another  said 
the  same.  They  have  stolen  from  every  family  from 
two  to  three  hundred  dollars.  Every  person  can  figure 
for  himself.  Divide  three  billions,  that  is  the  maxi- 
mum, by  ten  millions  of  families,  and  our  quotient  is 
three  hundred.  Now,  you  can  see  for  yourself  they 
have  stolen  from  the  people  more  money  than  the  prof- 
its left  for  the  people.  What  does  the  fool  Black  Repub- 
lican thief  for  aristocracy  ?  Think  of  this,  one  in  twelve 
of  the  nation  steals  from  the  twelve  more  than  they 
had  left  in  profits  ;  they  could  not  have  stolen  it,  but 
they  had  four  millions  of  egregious  fools  to  help  them 
steal;  and  they,  the  four  millions,  stole  from  them- 
selves, as  well  as  from   their  enemies,  the  Democrats. 


480  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

Mind,  a  good  black  Republican  hates  a  good  Demo- 
crat. We  tell  you  again  that  is  so.  The  black  F^epub- 
lican  leading  thief  gets  his  living  by  stealing;  and  the 
business  of  the  Democrat  is,  to  stop  and  prevent  steal- 
ing, that  is  the  good  Democrat;  and  you  may  risk  your 
reputation,  that  the  black  infernal  thief  hates  the  Dem- 
ocrat, and  he  tells  the  serfs  who  do  as  they  are  bid  by 
their  leaders,  that  they  must  do  all  they  can  against 
the  Democrats,  as  they  are  a  vile,  vicious,  degraded 
set  of  destructives  and  ignorant  villains.  And  all  can 
see  that  the  infernals  have  a  ring,  that  the  ring  is  made 
stronger  every  year  by  stealing,  and  thereby  weaken- 
ing the  people  ;  and  also  by  bribery,  w^hich  corrupts 
the  people.  No  wonder  they  say  we  are  agoing  back 
into  barbarism.  They  were  never  out  of  barbarism  ; 
that  every  intelligent  person  can  see  without  giving  a 
demonstration. 

Democracy  has  been  tried  several  times,  but  aris- 
tocracy put  it  down.  But  what  of  that.-^  Everything 
of  importance  was  perfected  only  after  many  trials. 
The  steam  engine,  the  steam-boat  and  ship;  the  cot- 
ton factory  and  the  printing  press.  And  what  stupen- 
dous and  wonderful  improvements  have  been  made 
lately  in  the  printing  press.  It  is  astonishing.  The 
combined  header  and  thresher.  And  not  only  in  ma- 
chmes,  but  in  tools ;  and  all  came  by  degrees.  The 
old  fogy  conservative  cannot  see  that.  None  so  blind 
as  those  who  will  not  see.  So  with  the  black  Repub- 
lican aristocrat;  it  pains  him  to  see  the  workingman 
improving.  It  lessens  his  chances  for  stealing.  The 
more  ignorant  the  people,  the  more  the  black  Repub- 
licans can  steal;  and  that  is  their  living.  They  live 
by  prey,  like  the  wolves  and  hyenas,  and  they  live  in 
luxury  and  idleness,  and  study  how  to  get  the  property 
without  labor,  and  thev  steal  from  the  working-man, 
and  he  does  not  know  how  it  is  done.  They  have 
stolen  forty  billions  of  dollars,  and  done  that  much 
damage  in  the  same  time;  and  put  the  country  back 
in  morals  more  than  100  years,  we  think  200  years. 
And  that   is,  and  all    this  has   been  done,  in  24  years. 


GOVERNMENT    AS    THE    PEOPLE,  48 1 

But  the  people  feel  poor,  after  having  so  much  stolen 
from  them.  All  say  hard  times.  If  the  beasts  of^he 
forest  should  destroy  your  crops,  you  would  know  it. 
If  the  birds  should  carry  off  your  grain,  you  would  see 
them,  and  take  measures  to  prevent  them.  But  the 
two-legged  infernal  beasts  are  cheating  you,  and  steal- 
ing your  substance,  and  swindling  you  in  your  goods, 
wares,  and  merchandise,  and  provision,  and  the  four 
millions  of  sworn  thieves  assist  them,  and  rob  them- 
selves also,  and  the  four  millions  also  do  not  know 
how  it  is  done.  If  they  should  come  with  pistols  and 
Winchester  rifles,  and  say.  Hands  up,  and  search  you 
and  take  all,  it  would  not  be  as  bad  as  the  mode  they 
take  now.  Then  the  infernals  would  show  some  cour- 
age, and  run  some  risk;  now  they  run  no  risk;  and 
then  the  people  would  have  some  chance  to  stop  it, 
and  they  would  know  what  was  the  cause  of  the  hard 
times.  If  the  thieves — novy  we  are  compelled  to  say 
that  this  mode  of  stealing  is  ten  times  worse  than  it 
would  be,  if  they  came  in  force,  as  highwaymen,  rob- 
bers, and  bucaneers,  freebooters,  land  pirates,  and 
predacians — take  our  all  openly  and  above  board, 
then  we  think  we  would  protect  ourselves.  But,  no: 
they  secretly,  and  slyly,  and  furtively  come,  as  a  thief 
in  the  night.  All  must  believe  that  this  secret  way  is 
100  times  worse  than  open  highway  robbery  And  if 
it  was  done  openly,  we  all  would  know  the  cause  of 
the  hard  times. 

Now,  if  the  people  knew  that  the  thieves  took  so 
much  from  them,  would  they  stop  it  ?  Some  would 
try  to,  but  the  sworn  millions,  and  the  army  under  the 
half-breed,  would  pay  no  attention  to  it,  and  they  would 
vote  all  the  stronger  for  thieves,  thinking  they  would 
be  well  paid,  and  they  would  vote  that  way  if  the 
Dickens  took  them  to  Tartarus,  or  Davy  Jones.  So 
you  see  that  we  are  in  a  bad  predicament.  The 
greatest  trouble  in  the  matter  is :  The  people  are  too 
cold  and  indifferent,  and  continue  to  toil  and  drudge, 
and  the  thieves  take  all.  And  the  people  say  hard 
times,  and  do  not  know  why.     We  wish  to  direct  your 

31 


482  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

att^ention   to   the  secret  mode  of  robbing  the  people. 
It  Is  worse  than  highway  robbery,  and  we  say  again 
the  black  infernals    are  the   greatest  fools  that  ever 
were  in  any  country.     If  they  only  robbed  themselves 
then  we  could  tolerate  it ;  but  to  have  your  neighbors 
robbing  you  of  nearly  all  you  make,  and  leave  a  scant 
subsistence,  is  nefarious    and    criminal.     And  if   the 
people  do  not  put  a  stop  to  it,  this  country  will  be  as 
bad  as  Europe.     Wages  are  higher  here,  but  they  are 
going  down  every  year,  and   soon  they  will  be  as  low 
as  they  are  in  Europe.     We  say  to  the  workingman, 
What  do  you  think  of  it  ?     Are  we  safe  ?     Will  we  be 
free  long  ?     Will    our  posterity    work    for  a  sheep's 
head   and  pluck  a  day,  and  lie  under  a  cart  at  night  ? 
Will  our  children's  children  cry  for  bread  ?     Will  our 
wives  drop  tears  for  a  morsel  to  eat  }     Will  the  future 
infants  starve  at  their  mother's  breast.'*     What  is  your 
answer  ?     We  are  not  saying  anything  but  the  truth. 
You  should  have  a  mind,  a  thought,  on  the  matter  by 
now.     But   read,  and  you   will   see  plainly.     We  will 
prove  what    we  say,  so  no  one  can  gainsay  it,  only 
the  four  millions   thieves,  who   are  sworn  in  on  the 
Federal  side.     As  the  juryman  in  Massachusetts,  when 
he  was  told  by   the  officers   that  he  would  be  sworn  ; 
he  said  he  would  be  sworn  on  the  Federal  side.     So 
with  the  four  millions  ;  they  were  sworn  on  the   Fed- 
eral side — and  it  is  a  sad  thing  for  the  people.     The 
Athenians,  for  a  time,  had  a  democracy,  but  it  was  not 
a  simon   pure.     Democracy  is  of  slow   growth,   and 
none  but  honest  people  can    maintain  it  for  a  long 
time,  but  the  time  will  come  when  it  will  flourish.     It 
is    honesty    and   equality  in  politics.     Do  you  think 
Bismarck  would  give  a  helping  hand.?     Will  the  Chi- 
nese try  it }     Those  who  will  establish  a  Democratic 
government  are  a  superior  class  of  men  ;  the  infernals 
hate  it;  they  would  not  have  a  penny,  if   they  could 
not    steal,  and  lie,   and  swindle.     Would    you  get   a 
thief  to  take  care  of  your  money  '^. 

A  pure  democrat  is  perfection  in  politics;  he  is  fo  rm- 
ed  in  the  mold  of  honor  and  justice,  and  it  takes  h  on- 


GOVERNMENT  AS  THE  PEOPLE.  483 

est  men  to  form  a  democracy.  Do  you  think  that  if  a 
seafaring  man  wanted  a  ship  built,  that  he  would  get  a 
tailor  to  build  it.  If  you  wanted  a  fine  mansion  built, 
would  you  employ  a  hod-carrier  to  build  it }  So  a  black 
Republican  could  not  establish  a  democracy.  It  would 
not  give  a  full  scope  to  his  lying,  stealing  nature;  he 
could  not  exercise  his  natural  faculties;  he  could  not 
steal,  therefore  he  would  starve.  He  does  not  know 
how  to  live  without  stealing ;  he  has  always  lived  on 
his  fellow  man — always  lived  on  prey.  Mind,  that 
when  this  government  was  formed,  a  different  class  of 
men  were  on  hand  ;  they  were  choice  spirits  who  were 
greatly  superior  to  aristocracy,  and  they  did  what  aris- 
tocracy detested.  And  again  we  tell  you  that  the  black 
Republican  lying,  codfish  aristocracy  hate  this  govern- 
ment; they  detest,  despise,  and  abhor  it.  The  mon- 
archists were  on  hand,  and  tried  to  get  their  theory 
engrafted  on  these  happy  states,  but  they  failed.  A 
purer  and  better  class  of  men  were  there,  and  the  Be- 
lials  had  to  step  back  and  out ;  and  the  highest  govern 
ment  on  earth  was  started,  in  spite  of  the  foul  reptiles, 
and  infamous  aristocracy.  They  wanted  a  monarchy, 
and  British  slavery,  the  same  as  now.  They  do  not 
progress  ;  they  are  conservatives,  the  same  a  thousand 
years  ago  as  now,  and  they  will  ever  be  the  same 
thieves  and  liars  until  they  become  extinct,  and  the 
sooner  they  do,  the  better  for  the  country.  They  are 
like  hyenas,  and  wolves,  and  more  like  the  saurians  of 
old,  great  destructives.  The  best  the  people  can  do 
with  the  saurians  is  to  cast  them  out  as  the  evil  spirits 
of  old  times  were  ;  and  when  they  cannot  rob  and  steal 
they  will  soon  die  out,  and  become  extinct.  The  time 
will  certainly  come  when  the  aristocracy  will  be  no 
more  ;  they  are  like  coyotes  in  your  sheep-fold.  They 
are  a  moth,  and  destructive  to  the  human  race.  And 
they  oppose  every  improvement,  and  make  paupers, 
and  produce  misery.  And  why  let  them  remain  and 
cumber  the  earth  .f*  They  are  a  damage  to  the  human 
race.  The  workingman  must  rule  the  earth,  and  he  is 
a  miserable  tool  of  a  workingman  who  cannot  see  that 


4^4  THE  workingman's  guide. 

it  is  his  right;  so  unite  and  strike  for  liberty,  and  de- 
mocracy, and  good  government  forever. 

Workingman,  beware  that  aristocracy  do  not  get 
the  start  of  you  ;  they  do  nearly  all  of  the  wickedness 
in  the  world  ;  they  are  the  bane  of  social  progress  ; 
they  are  the  cause  of  nearly  all  of  the  misery  in  this 
sublunary  globe.  Keep  both  your  eyes  on  those  in- 
fernal scamps;  they  are  the  Bohon  Upas  of  this 
mundane  sphere.  Keep  them  out  of  oflfice  ;  they  do 
nothing  but  rob,  steal,  and  lie,  and  plunder  for  a  liv- 
ing. That  is  their  occupation.  But  you  must  be  cau- 
tious that  they  do  not  get  a  night's  march  of  you ; 
they  will  procure  the  election  of  some  knavish  scamp, 
who  will  legislate  for  them  ;  and  do  not  let  any  of  their 
class  of  reptiles  get  in  office  ;  and  see  that  no  one  does 
get  in  office  that  will  be  inclined  to  obey  his  mandate, 
and  they  will  die  out  and  become  extinct.  They  will 
not  work,  and  so  if  they  have  no  office,  and  no  laws 
passed  that  will  transfer  the  people's  money  into  their 
pockets,  then  they  will  starve  and  become  extinguish- 
ed. We  wish  the  reader  would  go  back  and  read  the 
2IO  pages  of  this  book  again,  and  he  will  be  better  en- 
abled to  understand  the  argument;  and  do  not  neglect 
to  read  the  introduction  carefully  twice  or  three  times. 
Keep  this  in  your  mind  ;  that  is,  to  use  your  own 
judgment.  We  give  you  the  facts,  and  you  must 
weigh  them  carefully,  and  make  up  your  mind.  Do 
not  ask  others  what  they  think.  Now,  if  you  should 
ask  a  thief  what  he  thought  of  this  book,  or  the  black 
Republican,  they  would  tell  you  it  was  a  pack  of  lies 
and  slander.  Every  man  should  be  his  own  judge, 
and  if  he  is  of  any  account,  he  will  do  so  ;  if  he  does 
not,  he  is  a  machine.  Fhis  book  is  a  new  departure, 
and  fools  and  knaves  will  be  very  apt  to  condemn  it. 
You  know  liars  and  thieves  always  lead  fools  and 
knaves,  and  liars  and  thieves  are  ao;ainst  our  book,  and 
that  is  very  natural,  because  we  are  opposed  to  that 
kind  of  brutes,  and  in  favor  of  honesty  and  integrity, 
justice  and  equality,  in  all  matters.  In  politics,  in 
every  day's  business,  always   be   honest,  and  tell    the 


GOVERNMENT  AS  THE  PEOPLE.  485 

truth,  and  cheat  no  one,  rob  no  one,  be  moral  and  up- 
right in  every  thing.  So  you  must  know  that  all  liars 
and  thieves  will  run  out  against  our  book.  But  we 
say  plainly,  we  are  for  equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men, 
and  that  is  the  burden  of  our  book,  and  we  will  con- 
tinue to  write  our  motto,  and  we  will  condemn  lying, 
robbing,  stealing,  swindling,  and  false  swearing,  if  we 
never  sell  a  single  book.  So  our  flag  is  unfurled  to 
the  breeze,  "  Justice,  truth,  and  equal  rights." 

The  people  do  not  understand  politics,  but  read  and 
study,  and  read  over  and  over,  and  you  will  get  your 
eyes  open  ;  you  will  see  that  we  are  the  most  swin- 
dled people  on  this  planet  (about  the  others  we  cannot 
say),  and  remember  what  you  read.  A  man  of  deter- 
mined energy  but  poor  memory  will  learn  more  from 
a  book  than  a  man  with  a  good  memory  and  no  perse- 
verance. So  we  say,  Read  over  many  times,  and  it 
will  benetit  you  materially.  But  we  must  caution  you 
against  the  black  Democrats ;  they  are  of  various  col- 
ors and  stripes,  many  of  them  are  half  breed  Demo- 
crats, not  yet  full  fledged — they  may  become  Demo- 
crats or  not — they  may  become  extinct.  Some  of 
4:hem  have  joined  the  Democratic  party  because  they 
can  sell  out,  which  they  are  looking  for.  Some  are 
sound  on  some  points,  some  are  neutral.  They,  all  know 
cannot  be  depended  upon,  and  nearly  all  will  weaken 
in  a  trying  time.  When  they  are  tried  by  the  crucial 
test,  they  go  with  the  thieves:  do  not  trust  them  at 
all.  They  say  that  public  robbery  is  no  harm,  that 
there  is  not  any  difference  in  the  parties.  They  aim 
to  open  the  way  to  join  the  thieves,  and  the  black 
Democrat  says  we  can  do  nothing  about  it ;  that  there 
is  no  use  to  try;  the  country  is  doing  well;  that  if 
you  put  out  one  thief,  you  will  only  get  another  in — 
so  a  black  Democrat  talked  to  us  last  week.  We  tell 
you.  Beware  of  the  black  Democrat;  he  will  not  stand 
the  crucial  test.  The  black  scamp  has  no  conception 
of  honesty  in  politics.  If  you  tell  him  of  some  teledu 
who  has  swindled  the  people,  he  says  the  Democrats 
would  do  the  same  ;  all  would  do  so  if  they  had  a 
chance.      He  supposes  that  all  are  dishonest,  in  fact, 


4^^6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

he  traditionally  teaches  that  infernal  doctrine.     He,  in 
the  first   place,  does  not  know   where   the  stealing  is 
done.     Politically,  he  is  a  simpleton,  and  has  no  gump- 
tion.    The   Democrats  have  no  money  to  pay  votes  ; 
they  have  no  British  machines  to  steal  money  from  the 
people.     The  tariff,  an   abominable  swindle,  banking, 
another  swindle,  railroads,  the  anaconda  swindle,  land 
monopoly,  another  great  swindle,  telegraph,    another 
engine  to  steal  the  people's  money.     The  black  Repub- 
licans can  rob,  steal  and  cheat,  and  swindle  the  people 
with  these  infernal  engines,  and  corrupt  Congress,  and 
buy  them  like  hogs  sold    in  the   market    stys.      They 
buy  votes,  and  then  set  the  machines  to    steal    more. 
They  can  live  in  luxury,  and  feast  on  their  wages  of  sin. 
The  infernal  black  Republicans  strike  at  the  found- 
ation of  the  government  to  destroy  it;  that  foundation 
is  morality.    They  say  nothing  about  the  ignorance  of 
the  people,  but  they  say  the  people  are  dishonest.  One 
says,  Show  me  an  honest  man  and  1  will  show  you  one 
who  has  hair  on  the  inside  of  his  hand;  and  he  said 
there  was  no  honest  man.     This  man  lives  an  hon- 
est life  ;  he  no  doubt  got  that  speech  from  some  lead- 
ing black  Republican  scamp.   This  is  their  old  tactics, 
It  is  in  the  saying  of  theirs,  that  the  people  are    not 
capable  of  self  government;  all  can  see  that  they  in- 
tend to  break  up  this  government,  and    enslave  the 
people.  They  teach  the  people  that  we  are  going  back 
into  barbarism.     Not  long  since   we  had  a  talk  with  a 
black  tartarean   unit,  who  said  so  ;  since  he  said   the 
Democracy    could  not  find  men  in  their  party    that 
could  administer  the  government  well.     Such  is   the 
black  Republican  liars'  talk  ;  and  the  robbery  of  forty 
billions  of  dollars  in  twenty-four  years  show  what  they 
are,  and  intend  to  do.     A  black  Republican  does  not 
know  his  degradation  ;  if  he   did,   that  would  be  an  im- 
portant jjoint  gained.    Ikit  now  he  is  just  like  the  poet 
says  of  the  lamb  : 

The  lamb  thy  riot  dooms   to  bleed  today. 
Had  he  thy  reason,  would  he  skip  and  ])hiy  :' 
Pleased  lo  the  last  he  crops  the  flowery  food. 
And  licks  the  hand  just  raised  to  shed  his  blood. 


GOVERNMENT  AS  THE  PEOPLE.  487 

But  the  black  Republican  endeavors  to  balance  the 
account  in  this  way.  What  he  lacks  in  sense,  brains 
and  reason,  he  makes  up  with  an  incredible  recruit  of 
party  spirit,  nothing  else.  A  man  in  whose  mind  par- 
ty spirit  has  the  ascendency,  is  a  man  of  but  slender 
intelligence  ;  he  never  thinks  with  the  poet,  who  says 

Who  first  taught  man  enslaved  and  reahns  undone 
The  enormous  faith  of  many  made  for  one? 

He  has  no  conception  of  free  government,  of  his 
rights,  of  liberty  and  equality  ;  all  he  knows  is  to  vote 
for  his  party,  and  he  will  vote  so  if  they  sink  the  coun- 
try. He  has  the  gall  of  bitterness  in  his  heart ;  he  is 
desperate  and  determined  to  destroy  the  happiness  of 
his  people,  and  reduce  them  to  slavery.  He  has  malice 
in  his  mind,  and  is  maliciously  inclined.  We  have 
solved  the  question  :  W^hat  makes  men  have  such  fool- 
ish party  spirit,  as  to  go  against  their  interest  and  jus- 
tice, and  follow  a  pack  of  vile  and  infernal  scamps  ? 

Remember  that  the  laboring  man  is  to  govern  the 
world.  That  is  certain.  And  the  time  may  be  nearer 
at  hand  than  we  anticipate.  All  they  have  to  do  is 
for  every  laboring  man  to  do,  to  the  best  of  his  judg- 
ment, what  he  thinks  is  right;  and  we  guarantee  that 
the  laboring  man  will  rule  these  United  States,  before 
this  century  is  expired.  We  say  to  the  workingman, 
you  must  be  honest ;  let  the  motto  "  Honesty  is  the 
best  policy  "  be  practiced.  The  rich  aristocrat  may 
lie,  steal,  rob,  plunder,  swindle,  and  if  he  is  half-witted, 
he  will  pass  along  through  life  very  well.  We  know 
that  the  fools  worship  them,  and  many  will  kiss  their 
great  toe,  if  they  want  them  to.  The  four  millions 
likely  would,  if  requested  earnestly.  So  a  rich  aristo- 
crat can  be  a  knave;  can  be  looked  up  to;  certainly 
he  will  be  by  the  four  million  thieves,  and  he  can,  if  he 
is  smart,  rule  the  country  where  he  lives.  So  it  is ; 
fools  deify  riches ;  mammon  is  worshipped  by  them. 
But  the  poor  are  neglected  and  passed  by.  But  we 
say  to  the  workingman,  Be  honest ;  you  have  no 
wealth  to  prop  you  up,  and  you  have  to  depend  on 
your  honor  and  labor  to  get  along  in  the  world  ;  and 


488  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

you  have  one  thing  that  is  first  in  the  world,  that  is 
labor;  and  you  can  have,  as  easily  as  laying  one  hand 
on  the  other,  the  other  thing  or  trait  of  character, 
which  is  second  in  the  world.  Now,  all  you  will  say, 
I  will  have  it,  that  is  honesty  ;  and  it  is  yours.  Now, 
you  see  how  easy  it  is  to  be  first  in  the  world  ;  and 
you  can  have  it  by  the  mere  saying  so.  Will  you  do 
so,  workingman  ?  Will  you  hold  up  your  head  and 
right  hand,  and  say,  /  will  be  a  man  ?  and  you  will 
be  it.  As  a  man's  mind  is,  so  is  he.  If  a  man's  mind 
tells  him  it  is  right  to  cheat  and  swindle,  and  take  ad- 
vantage of  his  neiQ:hbor,  he  is  sure  to  do  so.  Everv 
person  should  strive  to  have  a  moral  mmd;  that  is, 
first,  if  a  person's  mind  is  right,  he  is  all  right.  But  if 
he  thinks  it  is  right  to  rob,  steal,  and  j)lunder,  he  will 
practice  what  he  thinks.  We  can  give  scores  of  those 
who  study  to  lie  and  cheat;  but  we  say  it  does  not  re- 
munerate a  person  for  the  sacrifice,  which  is  immense. 
It  is  but  little  use  to  lie  and  cheat  ;  there  is  no  money 
in  it.  Honesty  is  the  best  policy.  If  the  knave  should 
think  back,  he  would  find,  all  balanced,  that  he  made 
nothing  by  his  dishonesty  and  lying;  besides  that,  if 
he  weighs  the  matter  carefully,  he  will  learn  that  the 
knave  is  nothing  better  than  a  barbarian,  and  low  as 
the  brutes. 

Now,  bkck  Republican  drone  worshipper,  you 
should  think  of  what  you  are  doing,  and  then  would 
be  ashamed,  and  then  to  deify  such  a  set-  of  thieves ! 
We  asked  a  black  imp  if  he  was  a  good  citizen  who 
took  2il  pe^  cent. ;  and  we  asked  him  if  he  was  a  good 
citizen  who  helped  him  rob  the  people  in  that  manner. 
He  said  he  was  not,  and  his  judgment  was  correct. 
"  And  out  of  their  own  mouths  we  will  condemn 
them."  Workingman,  do  your  duty,  and  the  drones 
must  go  to  Davy  Jones.  White  slavery  is  gone  under, 
that  is,  bodily  slavery.  Black  slavery  is  gone,  and 
the  black  imps  claim  credit  for  that;  but  they  did  that 
to  provoke  the  South  and  have  revenge  on  them,  be- 
cause they  were  opposed  to  their  robbing  tarift';  and 
did  you   know  that  aristocracy  ever  did  anything  un- 


GOVERNMENT  AS  THE  PEOPLE.         489 

less  it  was  for  their  direct  benefit?  Money  they  look 
for.  They  did  not,  nor  do  now,  care  more  for  the 
slaves  than  they  did  for  the  hyenas  in  the  African 
jungles,  and  it  was  directly  in  their  hands  to  rob,  steal, 
and  plunder.  Feudalism  is  gone  ;  monarchy  is  weak- 
ening. Black  Republicanism  is  gone  under,  we  hope 
forever.  Four  great  evils  are  gone  to  Tartarus,  we 
hope  never  again  to  appear  on  terra  firma.  In  the  last 
chapter  we  gave  an  illustration  of  a  stealing  the  black 
Republicans  had  done,  and  how  the  infernals  robbed 
themselves.  Let  us  add  a  little  more  to  it.  Suppose 
a  robber  or  robbers  should  go  to  rob  their  neighbor, 
suppose  it  was  the  reader,  and  on  the  way  there  they 
came  across  an  egregious  simpleton,  who  by  coaxing 
and  lying  to  they  persuaded  to  go  along  and  help 
them  (but  the  black  imps  do  not  want  any  coaxing  to  get 
them  to  go  on  a  stealing  tour) ;  and  they  went  and  stole 
the  man  out  nearly,  that  is,  the  reader's  horses,  cattle 
sheep,  hogs,  turkeys.  They  are  determined  to  live  good, 
and  what  should  hinder  them.?  They  do  not  pay  for 
it,  they  live  by  stealing.  And  they  also  took  his  grain 
out  of  the  granary ;  and  last  of  all,  they  went  in  the 
house  and  took  his  best  furniture,  and  the  egregious 
simpleton  was  with  them,  and  lent  a  willing  and  useful 
hand,  and  did  his  part  of  the  criminal  work,  as  black 
Republicans  know  how  to  do.  Now  the  reader  who 
they  stole  from  was  no  sardine,  and  he  had  them  all 
arrested  ;  and  the  egregious  simpleton  made  an  ex- 
cuse that  he  was  told  that  the  property  was  owned  by 
those  who  took  it ;  that  he  was  only  helping  them  take 
their  own  property  Mr.  Black  Imp,  what  do  you 
think  the  court  would  say  to  the  jury.?  We  think, 
and  every  person  thinks,  that  he  would  be  as  deep  in 
the  mire  as  the  black  bosses,  and  the  court  would  hold 
the  egregious  fool  reprehensible. 

It  was  strange  that  a  band  of  infernal  thieves  should 
steal  the  people's  property  to  the  value  of  more  than 
forty  billions  of  dollars  in  twenty-four  years,  and  have 
four  millions  of  thieves  to  assist  them,  and  the  four 
millions  would  be  angry  when  you  tell  them  the  as- 


490  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

sistant  is  as  guilty  as  the  principals,  and  a  court  and 
jury  would  send  them  all  to  limbo.  And  if  it  was  a 
personal  matter  they  could  be  prosecuted,  and  made 
to  respond  in  full  damages.  It  is  by  false  pretenses, 
and  lying,  and  deception,  that  they  induce  the  people 
to  acquiesce  in  their  infamous  measures.  We  have 
proved  that  forty  billions  have  been  stolen  by  them, 
and  the  people  should  demand  payment,  and  if  they 
do  not  pay  to  the  people  their  property  should  be  con- 
fiscated. We  say  to  the  people,  All  the  thefts  that 
have  made  are  illegal  and  unconstitutional.  For  in- 
stance :  If  you  read  the  constitution  of  the  United 
States,  you  will  not  be  able  to  find  any  clause  in  it, 
that  authorizes  them  to  give  300,000,000  acres  of  land 
away,  or  any,  to  a  band  of  thieves.  They  know  that 
when  they  gave  it  that  it  was  unconstitutional;  but 
they  were  at  the  start  opposed  to  the  government,  and 
they  ever  since  have  labored  to  run  it  to  destruction — 
and  the  last  twenty-four  years  worse  than  ever.  The 
land,  every  one  knows,  should  be  held  sacred — as  that 
should  be  kept  for  the  people.  What  a  fool  one  must 
be,  that  does  not  see  that  they  intend  to  destroy  the 
government.  The  Democrats  always  opposed  such 
measures,  and  the  land  was  kept  for  the  people.  They, 
the  infernal  scamps,  were  not  satisfied ;  they  sold 
the  British  subjects  millions  of  acres  of  land,  to  bind 
and  fetter  the  people.  What  an  infernal  work  ;  they 
are  doing  all  they  can  to  enslave  the  people  ;  that  is 
their  object.  Thousands  of  them  know  the  drift  of 
the  work.  What  a  hatred  they  must  have  to  the  peo- 
ple, and  what  diabolical  measures  they  pass  to  accom- 
plish their  nefarious  schemes.  But  the  four  miilions 
do  not  appreciate  their  iniquity,  and  neither  do  they 
care ;  all  they  care  is  to  obey  the  mandate  of  the 
thieves.  None  of  them  have  any  conscience,  any 
soul,  any  feelings  of  remorse,  any  morals;  and  they 
are  at  any  time  ready  to  do  the  tartarcan  work  ordered 
by  their  flagitious  and  degraded  leaders.  We  think 
we  would  be  deficient  in  good  morals  if  we  should 
not  expose  these  stygian  transactions,  and    fail  to  tell 


GOVERNMENT    AS    THE    PEOPLE.  49 1 

the'people  of  the  reptilian  and  infernal  work  the  apoll- 
yons  are  doing. 

The  first  government  was  patriarchal,  and  the  sub- 
jects were  but  few.  Next  appeared  Feudalism,  and  it 
is  strange  what  power  the  Feudal  Lords  had.  How 
it  could  be  that  the  chief  would  be  allowed  to  own  all 
the  land,  and  the  people  rent  it  from  them,  and  fight 
for  the  chiefs;  and  the  people  were  serfs.  And  to  us 
the  great  mystery  is  how  it  could  be  that  the  people 
could  be  enslaved  in  that  manner.  But  to  unravel  the 
mystery  we  have  to  go  back  but  a  step  to  the  primor- 
dial government,  to  learn  the  people  knew  of  no  oth- 
er mode  of  being  governed  but  by  one  man.  This 
was  the  first.  So  we  see  why  the  Feudal  Lords  had 
so  easy  work   to  keep  the  serfs  in  their  jurisdiction. 

The  point  we  are  probing  into  at  present  is  this  : 
What  makes  man  so  easily  enslaved  ?  So  you  see,  he 
is  enslaved  easier  than  the  brutes  ;  a  brute  can  not 
enslave  a  brute,  but  man  enslaves  man.  The  reason 
man  can  enslave  him  is,  that  in  infancy,  puberty  and 
adolescence,  up  to  twenty-one  years,  he  is  a  slave  to 
his  father,  and  that  seven-eighteenths  of  his  average 
life  he  is  a  slave.  His  average  length  of  life  after 
twenty-one  is  thirty-three  years.  A  minister  once 
said,  Give  me  a  boy  until  he  is  twelve  years  old,  and 
he  would  not  care  who  took  him  afterwards.  Early 
habits  have  a  powerful  influence  on  character.  This 
is  the  reason  that  the  infernal  aristocracy  can  rob, 
steal  and  plunder  the  four  millions  of  black  Republi- 
cans, and  they  will  suffer  it  to  be  done.  The  four  mil- 
lions are  naturally  serfs  ;  they  are  accustomed  to  look 
up  to  a  master,  and  we  tell  you  the  positive  fact,  these 
four  millions  black  Republicans  are  as  complete  slaves 
as  could  be  found  in  the  world.  Some  boys  will  not 
be  slaves  until  they  are  twenty-one,  and  leave  their  fa- 
ther. This  twenty-one  years'  slavery  is  the  cause  of 
the  malignant  party  spirit  of  the  black  Republicans. 
The  time  should  be  eighteen  years,  and  all  should  en- 
deavor to  have  the  law  altered  from  twenty-one  to 
eighteen.      But  the  infernals  would  oppose  that,  they 


492  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

are  for  old  customs,  no  reforms  for  them.  One-man 
power  would  suit  them  best.  A  black  imp  does  not 
know  any  more  about  government  than  a  horse  knows 
about  his  grandsire.  That  is,  the  fundamental  prin- 
ciples,  he  knows  nothing  of  it ;  he  has  no  idea  of  De- 
mocracy ;  he  does  not  know  that  it  is  honesty  in  poli- 
tics. He  can  have  no  conception  of  such  an  elevated 
principle  ;  he  cannot  believe  that.  He  teaches  tradi- 
tionally that  all  men  are  dishonest,  and  that  they  are 
going  back  into  barbarism,  and  the  infernal  leaders 
have  only  to  say  an  erroneous  idea,  and  the  four  mil- 
lions of  thieves  howl  it  in  chorus. 

The  reader  will  plainly  see  that  where  a  man  has 
been  enslaved  a  long  time  it  will  be  easier  to  enslave 
him  again  ;  and  more  so,  if  it  was  in  his  youth  ;  and 
that  is  the  reason  that  the  four  million  thieves  are  such 
perfect  slaves,  being  accustomed  to  it.  There  is  but 
few  of  the  infernal  brutes  that  have  any  sensitive  spot 
that  you  can  affect  them.-  Not  having  any  moral  sensa- 
tion, and  no  conscientious  scruples,  and  not  having 
any  soul,  and  no  shame,  they  can  not  be  affected  more 
than  a  saurian  can.  And  as  to  liberty,  they  know 
nothing  of  it.  They  are  slaves,  and  some  of  them 
know  it.  One  told  me  not  long  ago  that  he  was  a 
slave,  and  we  think  he  has  not  virtue  sufficient  to  cast 
off  the  cursed  slavery.  They  have  never  been  cut 
loose  from  their  ma's  apron  strings,  and  their  papa's 
bridle  reins,  so  there  is  nothing  to  expect  from  them 
but  robbing,  and  lying,  and  stealing  for  their  masters, 
the  vile  aristocracy.  But  if  you  touch  their  interest, 
then  they  are  on  their  mettle ;  and  the  vile  scamps 
tell  them  what  to  do,  as  they  are  entirely  ignorant  in 
anything  that  relates  to  the  foundation  of  politics. 
Every  person  knows  that  he  who  helps  a  thief  steal, 
or  assists  him  to  hide  the  same,  by  law  would  be  con- 
sidered as  guilty  as  he  who  concocted  the  plot.  So  a 
man  who  assists  another  to  carry  out  a  fraudulent,  and 
dishonest,  and  nefarious  scheme  is  as  dishonest  as  the 
infernal  who  invented  it.  And  the  villain  who  assists 
the  gull-catcher  by  lying,   false  pretenses,  and  by  vile 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL,    PHILADELPHIA.  493 

means  gets  the  gull  into  the  snare,  to  cheat  and  swin- 
dle the  innocent  dupe  out  of  his  property,  money,  la- 
bor and  means,  is  as  flagitious  as  the  scamp  who  orig- 
inated the  fraud.  And  as  we  have  proved  that  the 
black  Republican  leaders  are  liars,  thieves,  frauds, 
swindlers,  robbers,  villains,  scamps,  imps,  apollyons,  in- 
fernal brutes,  and  men  destitute  of  moral  principles 
and  feelings,  we  can  truly  and  safely  say  that  those 
who  assist  them  are  as  guilty  as  the  first  thief;  and  as 
all  the  black  Republicans  helped  them,  then  we  can 
say  without  fear  of  being  successfully  disputed,  that 
we  have  demonstrated  beyond  cavil  or  disbelief,  that  a 
black  Republican  codfish  aristocrat,  or  he  who  votes 
that  ticket,  is  a  dishonest  man,  that  he  is  a  liar  and  a 
thief,  that  he  is  a  bad  citizen,  that  he  is  a  disgrace  to 
society,  that  he  is  a  damage  to  his  race,  that  he  should 
be  drummed  out  of  the  community,  that  he  deserves 
the  detestation  of  all  good  men. 


CHAPTER  XXXI. 

PROGRESS,  CENTENNIAL,   PHILADELPHIA. 

There  is  progress  in  exhibitions  of  machinery,  wares 
and  goods.  Let  us  compare.  When  Carthage  had 
been  razed  to  the  ground  by  the  destroyer,  Rome, 
when  she  had  destroyed  hundreds  of  cities  and  plun- 
dered tens  of  provinces,  and  enriched  herself  with 
their  gold,  she  could  hold  exhibitions.  At  some  suit- 
able time  I  will  give  you  some  of  her  marauding,  by 
which  they  took  billions  of  gold,  treasures,  goods,  and 
animals  from  the  barbarians.  Which  were  the  worst 
heathens  ?  you  will  say.  I  do  not  know.  They  killed 
tens  of  thousands  of  men,  women  and  children,  razed 
cities  to  the  ground,  took  many  thousand,  no  doubt 
hundreds  of  thousands,  of  prisoners,  and  made  slaves. 
Slaves,  did  we  say  ?  Yes.  They  made  slaves  of  their 
prisoners,  and  they  (the  prisoners)  did  not  know  what 
would  be  their  doom,  death  or  slavery.     These  slaves 


494  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

were  used  as  gladiators  in  the  amphitheatre.  What  do 
you  now  think  ?  Is  the  world  progressing  ?  What 
would  be  said  of  that  today  in  barbarous  Africa  ?  Why, 
the  world  would  not  allow  such  work.  But  the  Ro- 
mans had  gathered  together  the  booty  of  war,  and  their 
manufactures  in  peace,  their  finest  works  of  art,  and 
many  luxuries  they  had  taken  from  the  neighboring  na- 
tions— gold  cloth,  gems  of  the  purest  water,  pearls 
worth  millions.  But  such  work  does  not  prosper. 
They,  in  their  turn,  were  marauded.  Not  then  did 
Rome  have  any  exhibition  of  her  riches.  They  were 
a  nation  of  robbers,  and  they  could  not  trust  each 
other  with  such  treasures  as  are  now  in  the  exhibi- 
tions. They  dare  not  display  before  the  public.  That 
is  so.  Do  you  think,  or  do  you  know,  that  we  have 
made  some  progress  ?  The  fanatic  will  say  no,  the 
aristocrat  will  say  no  ;  so  will  the  hungry  office  hold- 
er say,  and  the  keen  office  seeker  says  no,  and  the 
thieves  and  robbers  will  say  no.  They  want  the  peo- 
ple to  remain  in  ignorance  and  degradation,  so  the}' 
can  rob  and  plunder  them  as  they  always  have  done. 
But  you  see  progress  ;  have  faith;  the  day  will  come 
when  the  thief  and  robber  will  have  to  give  up  their 
occupation.  You  begin  to  see  it.  You  will  see  it 
bright  as  day.  Such  work  cannot  always  last.  Jus- 
tice will  claim  her  domain,  and  it  is  all  hers,  and  she 
will  rule  over  all  ;  and  the  honest  man  will  have  his 
reward ;  and  the  great  reaper  will  gather  all  the  evil 
doers  in  his  coils,  and  take  them  all  over  the  Styx. 

Man  is  naturally  given  to  trading,  just  as  natural  as 
he  is  given  to  invent  and  manufacture  ;  and  the  second 
became  a  necessity  for  his  welfare;  then  the  first  fol- 
lowed so  as  to  utilize  his  surplus  products;  and  as  he 
traded,  he  gained  the  confidence  of  his  fellow-men, 
and  man  takes  pride  justly  in  his  products.  I  mean, 
those  of  his  own  hands.  It  created  a  desire  to  exhibit 
them  to  his  neighbors,  and  then  to  other  people.  As 
progress  advanced,  fairs  were  held.  Some  of  these 
fairs  live  to  this  day.  The  most  worthy,  Leipzig  and 
Nijni  Novgorod.     And  one  can   trace  its  origin  back 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL,    PHILADELPHIA,  495 

to  the  fifth  crusade.  This  fair  was  Tartar  ;  it  was  an 
original  affair;  no  building,  but  thousands  of  tents; 
which  lasted  for  a  week.  It  was  international.  Some 
attempts  were  made  in  England  for  fine  arts,  for  which 
prizes  were  offered.  The  French  succe^do^d  more  suc- 
cessfully in  the  plan;  it  was  to  combine  the  products 
of  several  factories.  Many  attended.  Another  fair 
was  held,  and  more  exhibitors  came  to  the  call.  An 
official  fair  was  held  in  1801,  in  the  grand  Court  of 
Louvre.  This  is  the  first  notice  we  have  of  the  mid- 
dle class  being  invited  to  dine  with  the  aristocracy. 
Napoleon  invited  them  to  dinner.  The  third  expo- 
sition was  more  numerously  attended  ;  there  were  540 
exhibitors.  The  Jacquard  loom  was  first  exhibited  at 
this  fair,  1802.  Progress  is  continuously  manifested  in 
these  fairs.  But  they  are  small  in  comparison  with 
those  to  be  noticed ;  but  that  proves  progress.  Then 
the  sword,  and  the  bayonet,  and  the  mortar,  and  the 
cannon  took  the  control,  and  blood,  and  carnage, 
death,  and  destruction  assumed  the  sway,  and  peace, 
and  reason  flew  weeping  away.  The  tool  of  Asmo- 
deus  feasted  his  soul,  if  he  had  one,  on  the  heaps  of 
slaughtered  soldiers.  (Man  is  man's  greatest  enemy.) 
Moscow,  Leipzig,  Marengo,  Wagram,  Areola,  Water- 
loo, Austerlitz.  War  is  not  progress,  it  is  wicked 
destruction,  and  we  must  blame  the  aristocracy  for  it. 
We  lay  the  blame  at  their  own  doors,  and  we  petition 
all  to  abhor  and  despise  it  (it  is  the  enenjy  of  the  poor 
man).  The  aristocracy  knows  the  foible  of  the  work- 
ingman,  that  is,  he  loves  war,  and  he  inaugurates  and 
does  it  in  such  a  manner,  that  it  enslaves  him.  Oppose 
war.  When  fools  have  a  dispute,  it  ends  in  a  fight. 
)3o  not  fight,  laboring  man,  for  you  have  to  foot  the 
bill.  War  is  the  greatest  calamity  that  can  happen 
to  a  nation. 

In  1827,  at  the  exposition  held  in  the  Louvre,  there 
were  nearly  i8o3  exhibitors.  In  1849,  the  Society  of 
Arts  held  a  meeting  in  Buckingham  palace,  and  it  was 
agreed  that  the  architects  of  all  nations  should  be  in- 
vited.    The  work  on  the  building  was  commenced  in 


496  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

September.  The  building  covered  over  twenty  acres 
of  ground.  Its  length  was  1851  feet.  It  cost  ^965,- 
840.00.  It  was  open  five  months  and  fifteen  days. 
The  receipts  were  $2,500,500.  The  number  of  visitors 
was  6,039,195  in  all.  The  number  of  exhibitors  13,937, 
of  which  Great  Britain  contributed  about  half.  This 
looks  like  progress,  and  no  doubt  it  is.  What  will  the 
aristocrat  say,  and  the  office  holder,  and  the  conserva- 
tive .'' — they  who  are  interested  in  all  things  remaining 
in  stahi  quo.  We  say  the  world  moves,  and  he  will 
have  to  move  who  is  in  the  way.  South  Kensington 
museum  was  built.  It  was  built  little  by  little,  and  has 
had  to  thisday  15,000,000  visitors.  Its  treasures  came 
from  many  countries.  This  is  progress.  In  1853  there 
were  two  expositions  ;  one  at  New  York  and  one  at 
Dublin.  The  New  York  building  was  of  glass  and 
iron,  and  its  end  was  fire.  But  though  it  was  a  splendid 
exhibition,  financially  it  was  a  failure.  William  Dar- 
gan  gave  $400,000  to  the  building  at  Dublin.  Does 
that  look  as  if  the  world  is  benevolent  t  We  will 
not  give  up  hope.  The  Dublin  building  was  425  feet 
long,  100  feet  wide,  and  105  feet  high.  Still  progress. 
But  Vienna  surpassed  them  all.  The  building  at 
Vienna  was  850  feet  long,  and  85  feet  high.  Next  we' 
have  the  French.  There  was  a  great  loss  sustained 
in  the  French  exhibition.  Cost  of  building,  $500,000, 
receipts,  $640,000.  The  admission  was  too  low,  and  ex- 
hibitors 20,8^9  ;  visitors,  5,162,330.  On  Sunday,  the 
9th  of  September.  123,017.  The  art  gallery  was  the 
great  feature  of  the  exhibition,  it  being  the  first  inter- 
national display  of  any  magnitude.  The  statue  of 
Minerva,  the  original,  was  forty  feet  high,  and  formed 
of  ivory,  gold  and  gems.  Many  other  exhibitions  were 
celebrated.  London,  in  1862,  built  of  iron  and  glass, 
that  is,  the  domes  were.  The  main  building  of  brick, 
was  plain.  The  domes  were  200  feet  high,  and  were  160 
feet  in  diameter;  square  feet,  1,231,000;  cost,  ^460,- 
000,  about  $2,300,000.  2000  choristers,  and  400  musi- 
cians attended  tlie  exposition. 

The  French  celebration  of  1867  opened  on  the  ist 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL,    PHILADELPHIA.  497 

of  April,  and  remained  open  for  117  days;  number  of 
visitors,  6,850,969;  exhibitors,  42,217;  amount  receiv- 
ed $2,103,675  ;  greatest  number  of  visitors  in  one  day, 
173.923.  The  Vienna  exposition  of  1873  was  open  186 
days;  visitors,  6,740,500;  receipts,  $1,032,385;  and 
from  the  five  great  expositions,  London,  1851,  1862; 
Paris,  1855,  1867;  Vienna,  i  873,  we  have  a  total  of  32,- 
959,097  visitors,  and  cash,  $7,940,820.  But  1876  was 
the  grandest  and  most  successful  of  all  that  have  been 
held  to  date.  We  will  be  short  in  our  description  of 
preparations,  but  will  give  sufficient  for  our  purpose, 
as  we  only  want  to  prove  that  progress  is  always  ad- 
vancing to  perfection,  but  the  goal  is  in  the  far  future. 
No  one  can  say  how  far;  enough  for  us  to  know  that 
we  are  unmistakably  marching  onward.  The  Centen- 
nial Exposition  was  intended  to  celebrate  the  one  hun- 
dredth anniversary  of  American  independence,  and 
the  intention  was  fully  realized.  The  building  was  lo- 
cated at  Philadelphia;  450 acres  were  taken  from  Fair- 
mount  Park,  comprising  2,740  acres.  We  cannot  de- 
scribe this  park  and  its  beauties,  suffice  to  say  it  is  in- 
describable. No  more  perfect  place  could  be  found. 
The  sum  fixed  to  be  used  in  the  erection  of  buildings 
was  $10,000,000.  There  are  enclosed  236  acres;  the 
walks  and  drives  through  these  grounds  had  a  length 
of  seven  miles  ;  there  were  also  five  and  one-half  miles 
of  narrow  gauge  rail-road,  operated  by  steam.  The 
main  building  is  i  880  feet  long,  460  feet  wide,  and  70 
feet  high.  The  building  cost  $1,600,000,  and  had  a 
floor  space  of  2,047  acres.  Machinery  hall  is  1402 
feet  long,  360  feet  wide,  with  a  wing  208  feet  by  210 
feet,  built  of  wood  and  glass.  The  entire  floor  space 
is  about  four  acres,  and  an  addition  of  290  feet  for 
sawmill  machinery.  Machinery  hall  cost  $792,000. 
In  it  were  exhibited  mining,  chemistry,  workings  of 
metal,  wood,  and  stone,  spinning  and  weaving,  and 
sewing.  Agricultural  hall. — The  length  was  820  feet, 
by  540  feet ;  about  ten  acres  were  covered.  Steam 
power  was  used  for  the  machinery ;  cost,  $3,000,000. 
Horticultural  hall. — Expense,  $251,937;  erected  by  the 


49S  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

City  of  Philadelphia.^  The  building  was  an  ornament 
to  the  park.  It  was  a  gorgeous  hall,  viewing  eastward. 
Magnificent  and  ornamental  stairways  encircled  the 
building,  which  was  a  fine  ornament. 

The  finest  of  the  buildings  was  Horticultural  Hall ; 
the  interior  is  marvellously  beautiful.  The  Parisians 
were  pleased  with  the  design  and  arrangement  of  the 
building,  and  decorations,  and  surroundings,  and  no 
doubt  the  environments  gave  great  additional  beauty 
to  the  whole  memorial  hall  and  annexes.  The  most 
substantial  of  all  the  buildings  was  built  at  a  cost  of 
$1,500,000  ;  it  is  built  of  granite,  365  feet  long,  210 
feet  wide,  with  a  dome  of  glass  and  iron  150  feet  above 
the  ground.  These  buildings  occupy  48^  acres,  other 
buildings  increased  the  space  to  j':;^  acres ;  this  exceed- 
ed the  London  area  of  1862,  (51  acres);  the  Paris 
exhibition  of  1867,  (34^  acres) ;  and  of  the  Vienna  ex- 
position of  1873,  (25  acres).  These  buildings  were  in 
perfect  accord  with  the  magnificent  design  of  the  whole 
exhibition  ;  and  the  whole  exhibition  was  in  consonance 
with  the  articles  shown.  Its  superior  in  the  different 
parts  will  not  be  seen  for  some  time.  Nature  will  re- 
quire some  time  to  produce  sufficient  progression  to 
surpass  the  Centennial  Exposition  of  1876,  at  Phila- 
delphia. But  nature  has  the  time,  and  she  will  excel 
all  that  has  been  exhibited.  Five  other  buildings  were 
erected.  United  States  Government  Building  was  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  enclosure ;  it  was  500  feet  long  and 
360  feet  wide,  and  covered  more  than  four  acres.  The 
Women's  Pavilion  was  an  edifice,  congruous  for  what 
it  was  designed ;  it  was  in  the  form  of  a  maltese  cross, 
208  feet  by  208  feet;  it  was  what  its  name  indicated.  It 
was  paid  for  by  the  women,  and  used  expressly  for  their 
arts.  And  we  notice  also  the  Judges'  Pavilion,  152 
feet  by  113  feet.  The  other  buildings  erected  on  the 
ground  were  160  in  number,  of  all  designs  conceiv- 
able ;  that  set  out  the  grounds  finely.  The  States  of 
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey.  New  York,  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  New  Hampshire,  Con- 
necticut,   California,    Massachusetts,  Arkansas,    Dela- 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL,    PHILADELPHIA.  499 

ware,  West  Virginia,  Kansas,  and  Colorado,  each  had 
its  special  building.  The  signal  service  bureau,  in  the 
war  department,  we  will  give  a  small  space  to,  be- 
cause it  records  the  weather,  in  which  we  are  all  inter- 
ested. The  exhibit  was  a  signal  station  to  observe  the 
weather,  fully  in  operation,  telegraph  wires,  &c.  The 
siornal  service  bureau  has  stations  established  at  all  the 
important  cities  in  the  Union,  at  every  sea  and  lake 
port  reached  by  telegraph  ;  and  some  lines  have  been 
built  expressly  for  that  purpose  at  the  stations.  Every 
eight  hours  a  record  is  made  at  the  same  time,  and  are 
sent  to  headquarters  ;  and  those  records  are  the  basis 
of  the  prophecies.  The  state  of  the  barometer,  ther- 
mometer, the  moisture  of  the  atmosphere,  the  rainfall 
and  course  of  the  wind.  Each  office  has  a  barometer, 
thermometer,  a  wet  and  dry  bulb  thermometer,  rain- 
gauge,  and  an  anemometer.  Gibbons'  barograph  is  a 
self  registering  barometer;  Foreman's  barograph  prints 
in  figures  each  change  of  one-thousandth  of  an  inch. 
That  is  progress,  the  ancients  had  no  such  instrument ; 
they  would  not  know  its  use.  Many  fine  instruments 
are  in  the  signal  service,  the  evapograph,  a  marine  bio- 
graph,  a  rain  and  snow  gauge,  another  rain  gauge.  Gib- 
bons' anemograph  measures  the  velocity  and  course  of 
the  wind.  These  instruments  are  all  reliable  ;  and  the  re- 
sults are  published  for  the  benefit  of  the  people  every- 
where. Then  the  lighthouse  service  also  claimed  at- 
tention. The  large  rotary  lantern  drew  a  crowd.  The 
lanterns  are  of  a  pattern  calculated  to  refiect  the  light 
to  the  best  advantage  ;  some  of  the  lights  can  be  seen 
twenty  miles.  But,  says  the  verdant  smarty,  why  can- 
not these  lights  be  seen  farther  .^^  The  earth,  and  so 
the  water,  is  round,  nearly  eight  inches  to  die  mile. 
I  will  give  a  rule  to  tell  the  distance  a  light  can  be 
seen.  Two-thirds  of  the  square  of  the  distance  in 
miles  will  be  the  height ;  the  light  will  have  to  be  in 
feet,  that  distance  in  miles,  and  so  on.  In  Ingram's 
Centennial  of  1776,  he  says  alight  150 feet  high  can  be 
seen  twenty-six  miles ;  that  is  not  so,  it  cannot  be  seen 
twenty-six  miles.  26x26=676  and  ^  of  676=450^  feet 


500  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

high,  thelight  can  be  seen  when  the  eye  is  on  a  level  with 
the  water.  Try  and  see  the  height  of  the  light  being  giv- 
en, to  find  the  distance,  it  may  be  seen.  Rule ;  to  the 
height  of  the  light  in  feet,  add  ^  that  height  and 
extract  the  square  root  of  that  sum  in  feet,  and  you 
will  have  the  distance  in  miles.  It  can  be  seen  when 
the  eye  is  on  a  level  with  the  water.  You  should  try 
these  things,  it  is  useful  recreation.  The  author  made 
a  mistake  ;  he  had  the  height  about  one-third  that  he 
should  have  had  it.     Try  it. 

Before  the  piano  was  introduced,  the  harpsichord  was 
the  main  instrument.  It  was  an  inferior  instrument, 
that  John  Sebastian  Bach  wrote  for ;  but  he  was  a 
master  composer,  and  the  instrument  was  incapable 
of  rendering  his  etherial  music.  It  was  his  music  that 
was  brought  to  the  full,  living,  and  celestial  sympa- 
thies, when  the  piano  was  so  highly  improved.  In  the 
beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century,  an  Italian  im- 
proved and  constructed  four  pianos,  and,  no  doubt, 
they  would  ill  compare  with  pianos  of  the  present 
makers.  But  the  instrument  took  but  slow  progress, 
until  1767.  A  new  piano  was  played  on  at  the  thea- 
tre of  the  Royal  Covert  garden.  The  following  year 
John  Christian  Bach  played  on  a  piano  in  London. 
But  the  first  grand  piano  was  not  ushered  to  the  light 
of  day  until  1770.  So  you  will  perceive  it  was  over  a 
century  before  the  piano  took  its  rank  as  a  first-class 
instrument— and  there  is  nothing  new  in  it.  All  crea- 
tion moves  onward  and  upward.  You  will  look  in 
vain  for  an  exception.  No  one  thing  has  become  per- 
fect at  a  leap  or  bound,  but  has  labored  up  by  grada- 
tions. But  the  fanatic  cannot  see  it ;  he  has  a  point 
to  make,  and  it  is  for  his  interest  to  oppose  the  idea 
of  progess.  And  it  is  a  trying  ordeal  when  truth  and 
self-interest  are  placed  in  opposite  scales  ;  many  fall 
victims  to  temptation.  But  the  violin  still,  with  its  ap- 
jjarent  simplicity,  carries  off  the  prizes  for  sweetness 
and  deliciousness  of  tone — and  probably  always  will. 
Many  great  artists  had  won  laurels  on  the  piano,  and 
so  too  many  had  ascended  the  hill  of  musical  art.     I 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL,    PHILADELPHIA.  5OI 

say  art,  as  the  artistic  part  is  far  in  advance  of  the 
scientific.  The  scientific  part  is  lifeless,  produces  but 
little  emotion,  and  life,  and  soul-stirring  thrill,  that  the 
artistic  part  does.  But  a  great  improvement  has  been 
made  in  the  beauty  and  finish  of  the  piano.  It  is  at 
the  present  day  a  superb  and  magnificent  instrument, 
and  not  only  that,  but  is  manufactured  at  a  price  that 
brings  it  in  the  reach  of  the  common  people.  I  say, 
Do  not  buy  of  the  monopolists  agents.  A  fine  piano, 
one  that  will  be  -an  ornament  for  the  mansion  of  the 
capitalists,  can  be  purchased  for  $300.  Yet,  if  you 
believe  what  the  mendacious  agents  tell  you,  $600  is 
a  reasonable  price,  and  egregious  simpletons  are  daily 
paying  double  what  they  are  worth,  and  what  is  strange, 
the  silly  colts  cannot  be  taught  any  better. 

We,  on  the  last  page,  adverted  to  the  progress  in 
pianos.  The  reader  will  readily  see  that  our  object  is 
to  prove  progress.  We  do  not  give  an  elaborate  his- 
tory of  the  improvements  in  the  piano,  but  show  that 
there  has  been  progress  in  the  manufacture  of  the  in- 
strument. And  we  shall  have  something  to  say  about 
the  organ ;  and  we  will  keep  a  lookout  for  the  inter- 
ests of  our  readers,  and  whenever  we  can  edge  in  a 
remark  that  will  be  wind  on  the  sails  of  the  working- 
man's  little  bark,  you  can  make  up  your  mind  that  we 
shall  embrace  the  opportunity  :  as  stating  the  price  of 
a  good  piano  at  ^300,  when  fools  all  the  time  are  giv- 
ing $500  to  $800.  But  fools  will  never  learn,  so  the 
drones  will  for  a  long  time  get  good  gleaning.  The 
fact  of  the  matter  is,  they  take  the  lioiis  share.  But 
if  you  will  have  patience  and  sense,  and  pay  attention 
and  study  your  interests,  you  shall  have  the  scales 
taken  from  your  eyes.  But  millions  of  donkeys  prefer 
to  have  them  remain.  They  wear  the  anaconda  col- 
lar, and  there  is  no  hope  for  them.  They  have  en- 
listed in  serfdom  for  life,  and  only  death  will  sever 
their  chains;  and,  poor  infamous  mortals,  they  war  on 
themselves,  and  the  human  family,  and  are  enemies  to 
the  race.  But  we  must  resume  our  subject,  the  organ. 
The  first  reed,  vou  will  notice,  is  in  a  reed  instrument, 


502  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

in  an  accordian,  next  in  a  melodeon,  then  in  an  organ. 
You  see  progress  in  a  few  steps.  The  organ,  at  pres- 
ent, can  be  made  to  produce  man}^  variations,  by  hav- 
ing many  reeds  and  stops  ;  and  it  is  now  made  to  be 
a  beautiful  piece  of  household  furniture.  Some 
twelve  years  ago,  Daniel  F.  Beatty,  of  New  Jersey, 
built  an  organ  factory  at  Washington  City,  New  Jer- 
sey, and  sold  his  organs  direct  to  the  people  at  a  much 
reduced  price.  Soon  the  monopolist  thieves  had 
thousands  unprincipled  imps  and  tartarean  hounds, 
crying  down  his  business.  In  that,  one  could  see  os- 
tensibly, see  unmistakably,  and  notice  the  barbarians. 
It  was  shameful  to  hear.  O,  the  depravity  of  degrad- 
ing and  heathen  barbarians !  I  believe  that  the  mis- 
creants have  told  well  on  to  a  million  of  lies  about  D. 
F.  Beatty 's  organs ;  and  such  work  does  not  pay. 
Beatty  has  failed,  but  the  factory  is  still  manufacturing 
pianos  and  organs  as  before. 

The  Amphitheatre  was  an  old  exhibition,  in  which 
many  kinds  of  inhuman  practices  were  indulged  in 
for  the  amusement  of  spectators ;  and  the  most  bru- 
tal and  barbarous  and  atrocious  cruelties  were  com- 
mitted in  the  presence  of  tens  of  thousands  of  inhu- 
man spectators.  We  shall  have  to  give,  unwillingly,  a 
short  sketch  of  their  iniquities.  The  Coliseum  at 
Rome  was  a  splendid  edifice,  that  was  built  expressly 
for  brutal  exhibitions.  It  was  built  in  the  form  of  a 
circle.  A  great  amount  of  work  was  expended  on 
these  buildings.  It  has  been  recorded  that  more  than 
5,000  animals  were  destroyed  in  its  dedication.  The 
walls  of  the  building  enclosed  six  acres  of  land,  and 
the  inside  of  the  building  could  be  flooded  with  water 
when  desired.  Gladiators  were  first  exhibited  in  B.  C. 
265  by  M.  and  D.  Brutus,  on  the  occasion  of  the  death 
of  their  father.  This  show  consisted  only  of  three 
pairs,  and  they  were  afterwards  increased  to  twenty- 
five  pairs,  and  lasted  many  days.  Men  of  rank  and 
influence  were  gladiators,  and  they  were  ready  to  ex- 
ecute any  order  of  their  master.  The  oath  they  took 
is  in  these  terms:  "We  swear  after  the  dictation  of 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL,    PHILADELPHIA.  503 

Eumolpus,  to  suffer  death  by  fire,  bonds,  stripes  and 
thesword,  and  whatever  else  Euniolpus  may  command  ; 
as  true  gladiators  we  bind  ourselves,  body  and  mind, 
to  our  master's  service."  Horrible  oath  this  is  to  take, 
and  none  but  the  most  desperate  and  ignorant  would 
take  such  an  oath.  But  just  as  bad  is  done  occasion- 
ally in  this  late  day.  Aristocracy  is  guilty  of  worst 
crimes  than  you  can  imagine.  No  one  would  take 
such  an  oath  unless  he  was  influenced  by  a  despot,  and 
a  villainous  aristocrat  or  drone.  The  workingman 
should  despise,  abhor  and  detest  any  person  who  pro- 
poses any  such  criminal  oath,  or  any  job  that  is  not 
strictly  honorable.  "  Honesty  is  the  best  policy."  We 
hope  every  workingman  will  take  that  for  his  motto. 
Let  the  aristocrats  go  their  way;  they  will,  after  a 
while,  go  the  way  the  saurians  did.  They  ceased  to 
be.  The  men  of  rank  and  influence  took  the  lead 
in  this  cruel  and  barbarous  work.*  If  there  is  a  nefa- 
rious job  being  done,  look,  and  you  will  find  aristocra- 
cy leading  it,  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten.  Workingman, 
be  careful  who  you  follow.  You  follow  the  dictates 
of  your  own  conscience,  and  you  will  not  go  astray. 
Do  so,  and  see.  Senators  contended  in  the  arena. 
Nero,  it  is  related,  brought  over  four  hundred  senators, 
and  six  hundred  knights  in  the  arena.  Marcus  Aure- 
lius  ordered  that  gladiators  should  contest  with  onlv 
blunt  weapons.  Constantine  ordered  that  the  shed- 
ding of  human  blood  should  cease,  and  that  criminals 
condemned  to  death  should  be  sent  to  the  mines.  A 
monk,  by  the  name  of  Telemachus,  ran  into  the  arena 
and  separated  the  gladiators.  He  was  showered  with 
stones  ;  but  the  madness  of  the  people  soon  abated, 
and  they  acquiesced.  Honorius  abolished  human  sac- 
rifices, and  Theodoric  completely  abolished  it.  Can  you 
see  progress  in  this  }  We  say,  bad  as  mankind  is, 
there  is  a  good  leaven  in  his  composition,  and  it  will 
work  out  his  salvation  in  spite  of  fanatics  and  vile  pol- 
iticians. The  Creator  be  praised  ;  glorious  principle  ! 
1  neglected  to  state  that  the  people  respected  the  mem- 
ory of  Telemachus  for  separating  the  gladiators  in  the 
arena.    Again  we  see  progress. 


504  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

A  long,  a  long  time  ago,  we  would  have  had  good 
society,  good  government,  but  for  the  flagitious  aristoc- 
rac}';  they  are  guilty  of  enormous  crimes  ;  they  built 
the  amphitheatre;  they  managed  the  bloody  encoun- 
ters of  the  gladiators ;  they  are  the  instigators  of  most 
all  the  evil  in  the  land.  Have  you  any  trouble  that 
grieves  and  torments  you  ?  You  will  find  the  aristocrat 
had  a  hand  in  it.  The  showmen  in  some  cases  showed 
paintings  of  what  the  shows  were  to  be.  On  the  ap- 
pointed day,  the  gladiators  marched  into  the  amphi- 
theatre ;  they  then  separated  into  pairs,  as  they  had 
been  matched.  At  first  they  contended  with  staves  or 
blunt  weapons ;  but  when  warmed  and  spirited  by  the 
strife  they  changed  the  weapons,  and  advanced  at  the 
sound  of  the  trumpet  to  deadly  strife.  The  one  who 
was  conquered  looked  to  the  people,  or  the  emperor, 
for  life ;  his  antagonist  had  no  voice  in  the  matter.  If 
the  spectators  were  dissatisfied,  and  gave  the  signal  of 
death  (that  was  turning  down  the  thumbs),  the  victor 
slew  him  ;  if  he  showed  signs  of  fear,  death  was  cer- 
tain ;  if  he  was  bold,  they  relented.  But  fear  was 
rare.  A  gladiator  cares  not  for  his  life.  Two  con- 
tend— one  has  been  five  times  victorious ;  the  other 
had  been  six  times  the  victor.  But  he  was  unfortu- 
nate this  time  ;  he  received  a  stroke  in  the  leg,  and 
thigh,  and  left  arm,  and  he  implores  for  mercy.  The 
victor  is  armed  with  a  trident,  with  which  he  cannot 
speedily  despatch  his  victim,  so  the  secutor  slays  the 
man  ;  the  next  asks  for  pardon — is  also  not  granted;  but 
the  next  is  granted.  We  can  see  there  is  room  for 
progress ;  yet  there  are  men  who  say  that  we  are 
making  no  moral  progress.  How  can  any  sane  man 
say  so  }  Consider  this  work  that  was  done  in  the  am- 
phitheatre, and  you  can  see  the  brute — and  but  little 
else.  But  you  notice  that  the  evil  was  abolished  ;  but 
a  similar,  but  not  so  barbarous  an  amusement,  is  still 
kept  up  in  Spain  ;  that  is,  tlie  bull  fight ;  it  should  be 
prohibited.  All  such  amusements,  1  might  say  follies, 
are  no  credit  to  the  human  s])ccics,  and  the  sooner 
they  change  their  foibles,  the  better  for  them  all.    One 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL,    PHILADELPHIA.  505 

thing  certainly  is  encouraging,  that  is,  such  inhu- 
manity as  was  exhibited  in  the  amphitheatre  would 
not  be  tolerated  in  a  civilized  country  for  a  day.  Two 
carniverous  beasts,  in  the  jungles  of  Africa,  would  not 
be  more  bloodthirsty.  I  doubt  if  they  would  equal 
them.  ^  What  say  you.  Conservatives,  who  do  not  be- 
lieve in  progress,  and  want  man  to  be  in  stahi  quo,  so 
the  inhuman  drones  can  always  feast  on  the  avails  of 
the  labor  of  the  workingman  ;  that  is  the  reason  they 
do  not  believe  in  progress  ;  they  are  the  lackeys  of  the 
lazy  drones.  But  the  purse-proud,  codfish,  swindling 
aristocracy  will  have  to  come  down  to  labor,  as  every 
man  should  do.  You  see  progress  in  every  thing. 
Next  we  will  say  something  about  an  invention  for 
the  benefit  of  the  female  sex — a  machine  that  has 
ameliorated  the  condition  of  woman;  and  I  wish  to 
see  the  day  when  women  will  have  a  monument  built 
to  him,  that  will  not  be  second  to  any  in  the  world ; 
and  built  by  dollar  subscriptions.  What  say  you. 
Ladies }  I  think  you  will  say,  yes.  Man  has  always 
held  woman  as  a  slave,  and  we  can  see  progress  in  the 
gradual  emancipation  of  woman,  and  the  world  can 
never  be  free  until  woman  is  free.  The  world  can- 
not be  intelligent,  until  woman  is  thoroughly  educa- 
ted. Woman  is  the  superior  being ;  so  she  should 
have  the  superior  education.  Will  any  one  say  that 
woman  is  not  less  held  in  bondage  than  a  century  ago  } 
She  is  asserting  her  rights,  and  that  is  orie  of  the  good 
signs  of  the  times,  that  proves  progress.  Give  your 
women  a  good  education,  and  you  will  have  better 
children. 

Man  has  invented  many  machines  for  himself.  He 
for  many  centuries  kept  woman  as  a  slave.  But  little 
did  he  invent  for  her  ;  he  was  intent  on  seeking  his 
own  interest,  and  paid  little  attention  to  the  ease  and 
luxury  of  woman.  But  progress  came  to  the  rescue. 
A  philanthropist,  a  genuine  one,  who  did  more  than 
any  other  individual  for  woman,  invented  a  machine 
for  her ;  nearly  all  had  neglected  to  invent  for  her, 
until  Mr.  Howe  came  to   her  aid.     He   invented   the 


5o6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

sewing  machine,  and  nothing  in  machinery  has  been 
of  such  immense  importance  as  the  sewing  machine  to 
woman.  Now  she  can  do  as  much  work  in  one  day 
as  she  could  in  a  week  before  at  making  garments. 
Now  she  has  more  time  to  read  and  educate  herself. 
Is  that  progress  }  What  will  the  old  fogy  say.?*  L  have 
heard  him  say  that  the  sewing  machine  was  a  damage 
to  society.  The  fanatic  and  blind  bigot  is  much  of  the 
same  opinion.  The  conservative  follows  in  their  slow 
wake.  Never  mind  what  they  say.  Only  death  will  si- 
lence them.  They  will  become  extinct,  as  thousands 
of  other  reptiles  have,  and  the  world  will  move  on  all 
the  better  without  them.  Many  useful  men  of  progress 
will  take  their  place.  They  have  only  been  a  brake 
to  the  car  of  civilization,  and  always  would  have  been. 
Nature  will  attend  to  her  work  ;  do  not  fear  ;  she  is  ad- 
equate to  perform  her  task,  and  makes  no  errors ;  al- 
ways correct ;  study  her  ways  and  be  wise  ;  she  will 
give  you  long  life,  health  and  happiness.  Has  any 
progress  been  made  in  animals  .-^  Are  they  any  better 
than  they  were  a  hundred  years  ago."'  The  low  poli- 
tician may  say  no ;  the  fanatic  will  not  side  with  rea- 
son ;  he  will  hem  and  haw,  and  act  the  knave.  The 
bigot,  blind  with  zeal,  will  never  yield  the  point;  he 
wishes  always  to  lead  the  poor  gulls  to  their  ruin,  and 
take  their  soap.  He  will  advise  them  for  his  benefit. 
We  think,  and  all  think,  that  all  animals  are  much 
better  than  they  were  fifty  years  ago.  Take  the 
horse  ;  compare  his  speed  now  with  what  it  was  fifty 
years  ago.  He  looks  like  another  species  of  animal, 
and  his  strength  is  no  doubt  increased.  Then  take 
the  cattle  ;  what  were  they  fifty  years  ago  ?  Think  of 
the  Spanish  cattle  of  but  a  few  years  ago.  How  do 
they  compare  with  the  cattle  now  in  the  country  ? 
And  hogs,  and  sheep,  and  fowls  and  turkeys — do  you 
see  progress  ? 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL.  507 

CHAPTER  XXXII. 

PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL. 

Lights  are  very  necessary  on  dangerous  places. 
They  are  of  many  kinds,  so  that  the  place  may  be 
known  by  the  light.  Revolving  lights  are  mostly 
used ;  they  revolve  at  different  times ;  60,  30,  and  at 
10  seconds;  and  also  colored  lights.  950  lights  are 
used  at  different  places.  Fog  signals,  53  are  used; 
one  a  siren  or  steam  fog-horn,  used  at  the  opening  and 
closing  of  the  exhibition;  it  could  be  heard  25  miles. 
The  fog  horn,  also,  can  be  known  from  others  by  the 
different  tones  and  duration.  Buoys  of  different  kinds 
are  also  used  to  assist  the  manner.  United  States 
are  taking  much  pains  to  ensure  the  safety  of  the  sea- 
man. Naval  ordnance.  The  people  should  pay  more 
attention  to  this  business,  both  shipping  and  ord- 
nance, as  hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars  are  stolen  in 
that  line.  It  needs  careful  scrutinizing.  Much  of  the 
money  appropriated  goes  into  the  coffers  of  the  pre- 
dacians.  Many  millions  are  squandered  yearly. 
Think  of  the  great  thief.  The  people  must  look  to 
these  drippings,  if  they  do  not,  the  predacians  will 
swallow  all  their  earnings.  Do  not  tolerate  stealing, 
if  you  do,  your  children,  and  your  children's  children 
will  crv  for  bread  to  the  hundredth  oreneration.  At- 
tend  to  it,  or  labor  will  be  poverty  stricken,  and  suf- 
fering in  the  midst  of  superfluity  will  be  the  doom  of 
you  and  your  posterity  forever.  Why  will  you  be  su- 
pine, when  your  toilsome  labor  is  snatched  from  you, 
and  appropriated  by  drones  !  Such  sang  froid  is  the 
forerunner  of  misery,  grief,  and  want.  Attend  to  your 
wants  and  see  to  your  rights.  Allow  no  stealing;  and 
watch  that  equal  and  exact  justice  is  dealt  out  to  all ; 
to  the  high,  to  the  low,  to  the  rich,  and  to  the  poor. 
See  that  the  rich  get  no  more  than  what  is  just;  they 
do  not  need  it ;  and  such  distinction  makes  the  needy 
poor  indeed.  Ordnance;  there  were  two  fifteen  inch 
guns,  each  about  seventeen  feet  long,  43,618  and  43,- 


5o8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

6io  lbs.,  without  carriages.  Many  other  guns  were 
shown  which  were  not  so  heavy.  GatHng  guns  also 
were  on  exhibition.  One  of  six  barrels,  revolving  by 
hand-crank.  The  machinery  was  simple,  and  not  lia- 
ble to  get  out  of  order.  The  gun  can  fire  200  shots  a 
minute;  weighs  about  1,000  pounds.  G:x^2X progress 
has  been  made  in  these  guns.  Two  other  guns  of 
that  class  were  exhibited,  also  a  Dahlgren  gun,  less 
liable  to  need  repair. 

Small  arms  of  all  kinds  were  shown;  old  flint  rifles 
and  carbines,  pivot  guns,  muskets,  and  revolvers. 
There  were  Martin  Henry  breech-loaders  ;  many  kinds 
of  old  armor,  some  used  by  Paul  Jones.  From  these 
old  relics,  a  person  could  see  the  progress  which  had 
been  made.  Nature  is  always  active  ;  no  rest  with  her; 
her  motto  is  labor  now  and  evermore  ;  she  is  always 
originating;  she  does  not  use  the  old  pattern  again; 
all  is  new  with  her.  No  two  things  are  alike;  of  all  the 
billion  and  a  half  of  people  in  the  world,  no  two  are 
precisely  alike.  No  two  of  all  the  animals  are  alike ; 
no  two  seeds  but  what  there  is  a  difference  in  them. 
Do  you  %&^  progress  in  that  .f*  In  that  any  person  can 
see  that  Nature  must  be  progressive  generally,  as  she 
is  the  transcendent  workman.  She  nearly  always  bet- 
ters the  old  work,  and  if  she  does  not  at  first,  she  tries 
again.  It  is  unceasing  trial  with  her;  no  faltering 
there.  Upward  and  onward  is  the  motto  yesterday, 
today,  and  forever.  How  can  any  person  say  that  Na- 
ture is  not  progressive ;  none  but  a  blind  bigot,  a  fa- 
natic, an  old  fogy,  a  prejudiced  conservative,  or  an  old 
aristocrat,  who  wishes  to  keep  the  people  in  ignorance, 
so  he  can  rob,  steal,  and  plunder  them  of  their  sub- 
stance. It  is  just  as  certain  that  Nature  is  progressing 
as  that  the  sun  will  rise  tomorrow  morning.  The  one 
is  the  work  of  Nature  as  much  as  the  other.  Both  are 
governed  by  the  unalterable  laws  of  Nature,  and  if  the 
law  fails  in  the  one  case,  it  is  broken  in  the  other,  and 
in  all  cases  chaos  will  rule.  So  you  see,  that  on  pro- 
gress depends  the  order  of  the  universe  ;  if  one  fails,  all 
fail.     No  law  of  nature  can  be  blotted  out.  and  the  har- 


PROGRESS,  CENTENMIAL.  5O9 

mony  still  exist ;  all  would  be  confusion.  So,  too,  you 
can  see  that  our  very  existence  depends  on  the  contin- 
uation of  each  and  every  law,  now  and  evermore,  in 
nature;  and  we  can  see  that  progress  is  a  law  in  na- 
ture, and  it  is  certain  that  man  is  destined  to  be  hon- 
est, and  moral,  and  happy,  and  prosperous.  What  bad 
work  man  has  made  on  this  earth;  war  with  each  oth- 
er, taking  advantage  of  each  other,  lying,  stealing, 
cheating,  swindling,  robbing,  false  swearing,  and  plun- 
dering. Let  the  knave  make  out  how  much  he  has 
made  the  last  year  by  all  the  above  crimes,  and  see  if 
it  has  paid  him  for  the  immense  moral  sacrifice  he  has 
made.     He  will  find  that  it  does  not  pay  him. 

Projectiles.  The  showing  of  these  was  a  terrible  one. 
Dahlgren  hollow  shot,  varied  in  weight  from  twenty  to 
one  hundred  and  fifty  pounds,  shell  from  twelve  to  fif- 
ty pounds,  and  steel-bolt  shot  from  thirty  to  one  hundred 
and  fifty  pounds;  gunpowder  in  many  forms,  some  fine, 
some  an  inch  in  diameter  ;  torpedoes,  the  torpedo  a  ma- 
chinefordestroying  shipping  bridges  through  the  agen- 
cy of  under  water  explosions.  The  plan  is  floating  pow- 
der vessels.  The  progress  in  torpedoes  has  kept  up  with 
the  improvement  in  other  machines.  Some  three  hun- 
dred pounds  of  powder  are  used  in  exploding  them,  or 
seventy-five  pounds  of  dynamite.  It  appears  one 
pound  of  dynamite  has  the  power  of  four  pounds  of 
powder.  Ordnance  department.  Rifie  machinery 
was  crowded  in  a  small  place.  Beginning  with  long 
bars  of  steel,  and  the  long  blocks  of  black  walnut,  they 
turned  out  beautiful  weapons.  A  gunstock  was  made 
in  four  minutes  and  fifteen  seconds.  One  Springfield 
gun  was  worked  upon  by  five  hundred  and  fifty  oper- 
atives before  it  was  perfect,  and  its  construction  is  as 
fine  as  a  watch.  And  they  can  turn  out  about  four 
hundred  rifles  in  eight  hours.  The  bayonet  grinder 
attracted  many  about  him.  Rodman  gun,  a  twenty 
inch  Rodman  gun,  weighing  one  hundred  and  fifteen 
thousand  pounds,  throws  a  ten  hundred  and  eighty 
pound  ball,  and  takes  two  hundred  pounds  of  powder. 
Fish  resources  of  the  country.     A  number   of  photos 


5IO  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

of  fish  were  shown.  Great  pains  was  taken  to  have  a 
correct  representation  of  the  fish.  They  were  painted 
when  living,  and  the  colors  are  accurate.  Many  old 
relics  of  many  years  ago  were  shown,  and  there,  by 
comparison,  progress  was  plainly  visible.  Embroidery. 
The  new  machine  was  called  Little  Wonder.  It  was 
an  embroidery  machine,  and  it  performed  wonders. 
And  the  sewinor  machines  were  there  in  force.  The 
machines,  some  of  them  at  first  were  made  small  and 
screwed  on  the  top  of  the  table,  as  some  are  now,  show- 
ing progress.  The  fly-wheel  and  the  treadle  were  not 
thought  of  at  first;  progress  had  first  to  be  made. 
Singer,  in  ten  days  after  he  heard  of  Howe's  machine, 
made  a  model  and  applied  for  a  patent.  He  made  the 
first  practical  machine  excelling  Howe.  His  building 
is  one  of  the  finest  on  the  grounds.  Back  of  the  An- 
nex to  Mechanics'  Hall,  his  wonderful  sewing  machines 
were  to  be  seen. 

Type-casting  machines  of  the  Johnson  &  McKellar 
type  foundry.  The  machines  were  small,  but  do  their 
work  with  great  rapidity.  Some  of  the  letters  were 
making  120  in  a  minute.  The  work  is  a  wonder  of 
progress.  The  type  are  moulded  out  of  the  melted 
metal,  and  the  letter  stamped  afterwards,  and  then  pol- 
ished. No  one  can  look  on  with  any  thing  but  won- 
der, and  in  every  move  seeing  progress.  The  fanatic 
can  only  see  it  when  it  is  for  his  master  aristocrat,  as 
it  is  rare  that  any  of  it  is  for  him — he  is  a  parasite  or 
a  rank  partisan.  The  politician  looks  for  filthy  lucre 
to  come  to  him  ;  all  he  cares  is  to  have  plenty  of  wa- 
ter on  his  wheel.  It  matters  not  to  him  who  sinks,  if 
he  and  his  kind  can  only  swim.  They  are  the  bane 
of  society;  watch  them  ;  they  are  your  greatest  ene- 
mies; they  labor  to  enslave' you.  The  laboring  men 
are  and  always  have  been  slaves.  It  is  time  to  cast 
off  your  shackles ;  it  is  not  a  hard  matter  to  do  it. 
Pull,  one  and  all,  p\ill  together,  and  you  have  it.  Will 
you  try.?  Every  man  will  try;  he  does  not  intend  to 
be  a  slave.  Now  those  who  are  of  any  account  will 
strike  for  freedom.     The  farmers  and  mechanics  are 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL.  5  I  I 

in  the  same  boat.  They  think  not,  but  they  are.  The 
drones  have  them  under  the  thumb.  Now  think  over 
the  matter,  and  do  not  be  too  smart ;  you  will  find  that 
you  are  working  for  the  drones.  It  is  time  to  say. 
Right  about  face,  march !  Thought  will  satisfy  you  and 
any  honest  man.  The  items  will  be  forthcoming.  The 
people  must  know  who  their  enemies  are,  who  are 
taking  their  earnings  furtively;  and  millions  do  not 
know  it,  and  many  are  so  dependent  on  the  drones 
that  they  cannot  help  themselves.  The  envelope  ma- 
chine was  exhibited.  It  takes  the  paper  from  large 
rolls,  and  after  many  foldings  and  cuttings,  it  comes 
out  envelopes  finished;  120  in  a  minute.  You  see 
progress.  Another  machine  smaller,  but  does  much 
work  for  so  small  a  machine  ;  it  does  about  half  as 
much  work  as  the  first.  A  machine  for  turning  wood 
was  shown.  It  was  a  very  ingenious  machine.  Silk 
machinery  was  not  behind  the  times,  and  is  coming  to 
the  front.  Dredging  machine  of  Philadelphia  was  ex- 
hibited. It  can  dredge  100,000  cubic  yards  a  day  of 
river  earth.  There  was  also  shown  a  gunpowder  pile- 
driver,  powerful  and  works  rapidly. 

The  pin  machine.  This  is  not  a  pin  making  ma- 
chine, but  a  machine  to  stick  the  pins  in  the  paper, 
and  it  does  its  work  at  the  rate  of  300  a  minute,  by 
taking  them  from  the  hopper.  Another  proof  of  pro- 
gress. Next,  an  apparatus  for  printing  wall-paper. 
Progress  was  displayed  in  the  printing  of  many  colors, 
in  as  many  as  twelve  different  shades,  each  in  its 
place.  A  machine  for  finishing  the  cogs  of  bevel  or 
water  wheels  was  shown,  and  it  finished  the  cogs  so 
they  were  exactlv  of  a  thickness  and  height,  a  ver}-- 
important  consideration  in  machinery,  so  that  the 
machinery  having  those  finished  cogs  will  run  steady 
and  wear  long,  and  make  no  noise.  It  is  a  great  im- 
provement. Wonderful  is  the  progress  of  this  age ; 
but  the  greatest  progress  is  yet  to  come,  and  it  will 
come.  That  is,  that  the  laboring  man  will  get  the 
benefit  of  his  labor,  and  rule  the  world.  It  will  come. 
The  hive  of  honey  bees  is  the  type.     Progress    will 


512  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

bring  it  about.  Also  cutting  cloth  for  tailoring,  by 
steam;  it  could  cut  many  thicknesses  of  cloth  up  to 
one  and  a  fourth  inches  in  thickness,  and  work  well. 
An  important  machine  for  crushing  stone  for  roads. 
It,  I  think,  will  come  into  use  very  much  in  the  fu- 
ture, as  a  good  and  substantial  road  can  be  made  in 
that  manner.  I  hope  some  capitalist  will  give  it  a 
thorough  trial.  One  benefit  will  come  from  it ;  every 
person  can  use  it  by  paying  toll,  and  the  toll  cannot 
come  high  where  the  rock  is  near  by  from  which  to 
crush  the  material  for  the  road.  We  hope  the  trial  of 
the  machine,  and  the  use  of  the  crushed  rock  for 
roads,  will  be  profitable.  A  section  of  the  great  cable 
of  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  was  shown.  It  was  sixteen 
inches  in  diameter,  composed  of  6,000  No.  7  cast 
steel  wires,  and  can  bear  a  strain  of  23,300,000  pounds. 
It  is  the  largest  cable  in  the  world,  and  the  span  of 
the  bridge  is  the  longest  in  the  world.  A  diamond 
stone-saw  was  exhibited,  that  cut  through  a  block  of 
hard  sandstone,  twelve  feet  long  and  thirty  inches  thick. 
The  saw  was  six  feet  in  diameter  and  made  120  rev- 
olutions in  a  minute.  The  diamond  drill  was  also 
shown.  It  cut  a  solid  cylinder  from  the  rock  in  quartz. 
It  can  cut  easily  ten  feet  in  a  day,  and  in  ordinary  sand- 
stone it  cut  a  foot  a  minute.  It  shows  the  kind  of 
rock. 

Brick-making  machine:  twenty  or  more  of  them  were 
shown,  from  many  countries  in  the  world.  Mr.  Cham- 
bers had  a  machine  that  forced  the  clay  into  an  endless 
bar,  and  a  device  to  cut  it  into  bricks,  and  a  machine 
to  sand  them.  All  proves  progress.  The  pump  an- 
nex :  the  pumps  shown  were  numerous,  and  proves 
progress.  There  was  a  tank  that  held  five  hundred 
thousand  gallons  of  water ;  the  pumps  were  placed 
around  the  tank,  and  drew  their  water  from  the  tank, 
and  discharged  it  back  into  it  again.  The  pumps 
were  all  driven  by  steam;  some  of  the  water  was  dis- 
charged quite  high,  and  made  sprays  so  as  to  cool  the 
air;  and  when  the  air  was  warm,  made  that  location 
quite   a   pleasant  place.      The  pumps  were  of   the  A. 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL.  513 

No.  I  order,  and  very  many  of  them  small,  middle-size, 
or  large.  A  person  could  get  any  kind  of  pump  there 
that  he  desired.  It  was  a  fine  show  to  see  the  pumps, 
no  doubt,  and  showed  progress.  A.  Gawthrop  &  Son, 
Delaware,  had  a  hydraulic  ram  on  exhibition.  This 
ram,  it  is  claimed,  is  an»improvement  on  any  yet  made  ; 
it  has  a  regulator  that  prevents  the  waste  of  water — a 
great  point  in  that  class  of  water  power.  A  pump  was 
on  exhibition,  that  was  made  to  use  exhaust  steam  as  a 
motive  power;  this  pump  will  likely  be  brought  into 
extensive  use.  Still  moving  on,  progression  the  order 
of  the  day!  And  the  great  bulk  of  all  this  machinery 
was  invented  by  the  poor  man,  and  he  was  fleeced  out 
of  its  profits  by  the  drones.  A  law  should  be  framed 
to  prevent  that  extortion  ;  the  inventor  should  have  the 
profits  of  his  mental  labor,  and  we  hope  to  see  the  day 
that  he  will.  What  say  you,  inventor.?  Such  a  law 
can  with  justice  and  equality  legitimately  be  framed. 
Go  for  it,  laboring  man  !  Do  not  mind  what  the  syco- 
phantic serf  says ;  the  aristocrat  has  tens  of  thou- 
sands of  slaves  to  do  his  bidding,  and  if  a  drone's  par- 
asite tells  you  such  a  law  can  not  be  passed,  you  set 
him  down  as  a  drone's  slave,  and  do  not  listen  to  what 
he  says  ;  he  is  the  enemy  of  his  race,  and  deserves  the 
abhorrence  and  detestation  of  all  honorable  men,  and 
be  sure  to  give  him  the  cold  shoulder.  The  great 
detriment  in  society  is  that  working  men  listen  to  the 
serfs  of  drones.  We  say  again,  do  not  give  heed  to 
them  ;  have  a  mind  of  your  own — if  you  do  not,  you 
are  lower  than  zero.  And  abhor  and  detest  those  who 
work  against  your  interest.  Think:  you  know  that  is 
right. 

Some  of  the  pumps  took  one  hundred  horse-power 
to  drive  them,  and  could  pump  500,000  gallons  of  wa- 
ter in  sixteen  minutes.  Progress  does  much  for  man  ; 
it  enables  him  to  take  advantage  of  the  laws  of  nature, 
and  manufacture  products  which  in  no  other  manner 
could  be  done  ;  and  with  less  labor  he  can  have  com- 
forts and  luxuries  the  people  of  the  last  century  never 
thought  of.  So  you  see  progress.  But  what  will  the 
33 


514  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

drone's  tool  say?  We  will  anticipate  him  after  a  while, 
this  argument  we  will  endeavor  to  prove  and   rivet. 
Rotary  blowers:  quite  an  improvement  shown  in  them^ 
more  air  can  be  driven  with  less  power,  this  is  a  great 
point,  as  labor  is  saved  ;   these  blowers  are  used  for 
foundries,  smith  shops  by  hand  Or  power,  also  in  mines 
or  tunnels,  also  used  for  many  other  purposes.   An  air 
engine  was  shown,  used  for  all  manner  of  work.      Lo- 
comotives, the  first  locomotive  run  in  America  in  1833. 
The  engine  was  light,  could  do  but  little,  weighed  a 
few  tons;  the  rails  were  wrought  iron  bar,  two   inches 
(this  is  the  road  first  made  from  Albany  to  Schenec- 
tady)  wide,  Yi  inch  to  ^  inch  thick,  spiked  on  wood- 
en rails,  about  5  inches  square,  or  less  ;  the  wooden  rails 
were  laid  on  blocks  of  stone.     The  road,  of  course, 
never  did  much  work.     Another  piece  of  similar  road 
was  built  from  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  to  near  Oakhill,  about 
20  or  25  miles.     This  road  never  was  worth  a  cent  for 
use,  and  politicians  were  the  only  reptiles  that  made 
that  work  pay.   I  saw  those  two  roads,  and  I  can  testify 
that  there  has  been  progress  made  in  railroads,  surely. 
An  improved  Gatling  gun,  it  weighed  but  97  pounds  ; 
this  is  the  boss.      It  can  fire  1,000  shots  in  a  minute; 
it  was  invented  by  a  man,  from  Indiana.  Cutlery.    The 
progress  that  has  been  made  in  cutlery  is  more  than 
the  natives  could  dream  of ;  handles  of   cocoa,    rose- 
wood, ebony,  bone,  rubber,  ivory,  and  mother  of  pearl, 
and  patent  ivory  handles.     The  patent  ivory  is  equal 
to  the  natural  material,  takes  a  polish  equal  to  it ;  can 
be  carved  in  any  shape,  as  fine  as  the  natural  ivory. 
Steel  works.   Much  improvement  has   been    made  in 
steel;  the   Bessemer  steel  is  an  important  addition  to 
the  discoveries.  Pins.    All  pins  but  a  few  years  ago  were 
imported;  now,  the  Americans  make  many  pins.    Nee- 
dles.  It  is  but  a  few  years  that  the  United  States  have 
made  needles,   but   the   National    Needle   Co.,    Mass. 
The  machinery  to  make  a  needle,  all  told,  is  twenty- 
four  different  machines.      The  company  at  their  main 
factory  turn  out  25,000  finished  needles  in  a  day's  work. 
Agricultural  instruments  were  there   in  great  num- 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL.  515 

bers,  and  fine  ones.  We  have  alluded  to  the  gradation 
in  harvesting  grain,  and  every  improvement  seemed 
perfection.  But  perfection  is  nearly  reached  now,  in 
the  combined  header  and  thresher,  brought  to  perfec- 
tion in  1884,  in  California.  Next  was  exhibited  a  straw 
burning  engine,  which  has  been  of  great  benefit,  but 
is  superseded  by  the  combined  header  and  thresher; 
and  the  last  machine  will  in  a  measure  obviate  the  use 
of  the  thresher,  as  grain  can  be  harvested  cheaper  with 
the  combined  header  and  thresher.  Next  we  notice 
the  Dexter  Spring  Company.  A  great  improvement 
has  been  made  in  carriages.  I  think  it  is  conceded  that 
the  United  States  excel  all  other  nations  in  the  easy 
running,  light,  strong  and  durability  of  their  carriages. 
The  carriage  of  George  Washington  was  exhibited. 
Those  who  had  eyes  could  see  progress  by  comparing 
said  carriage  with  the  Dexter  carriage.  Perhaps  you 
think  enough  has  been  said  of  progress,  to  satisfy  all. 
But  we  think  not ;  nor  will  enough,  nor  can  enough  be 
said  to  prove  to  all.  As  it  is  for  the  interest  of  aristo- 
crats, and  drones,  and  fanatics,  to  have  the  people  be- 
lieve that  the  world  does  not  move,  nor  turn  on  its  axis  ; 
and  they  will  always  say  that  to  their  dying  day.  There 
are  millions  who  believe  in  conservatism,  and  want 
the  few  to  rule  the  many  for  their  interest,  as  they  al- 
ways have  done,  but  Progress  will  alter  the  matter. 
The  laboring  man  must  rule.  The  honey  bee  is  the 
example.  The  drone  must  go  when  Progress  rules. 
The  human  drone  is  of  no  earthly  consequence  ;  he  is  a 
moth,  a  leech,  the  sooner  he  is  extinct,  the  better  for 
every  useful  and  honest  man.  And  the  same  with  the 
aristocrat,  he  is  the  worst  of  the  two,  as  he  is  a  robber 
of  the  honest  man's  rights,  always  has  been,  and  always 
will  be ;  the  sooner  he  is  in  a  state  of  oblivion,  the  bet- 
ter for  honest  and  upright  men.  The  day  is  coming, 
when  the  working  man  will  rule,  and  a  happy  day  that 
will  be; then  all  will  be  working  men.  Now  all  put  your 
shoulder  to  the  car  of  progress,  and  give  it  a  boom,  and 
hasten  the  Millenium  that  is  certain  to  come.  Push, 
every  one. 


5i6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

Perpetual  hay  press  and  cotton  press.  This  is  a  new 
thing.  The  Pompeiians  never  dreamed  of  such  a 
machine.  It  is  a  useful  machine,  and  proves  progress. 
Gang  plows  were  numerous,  and  of  a  high  order. 
The  draught  in  heavy  matted  grass,  with  coulters  and 
taking  a  furrow  of  22  inches  by  6,  was  8o3  to  825 
pounds  in  a  stubble  field ;  heavy  sandy  loam,  450 
pounds.  The  Daniel  Webster  plow  was  also  on  exhi- 
bition. It  is  an  ocular  proof  of  progress.  The  plow 
is  13  feet  beam,  by  9  feet  i  inch  ;  and  the  handle  is  6 
feet  4  inches.  Windmills  for  grinding  corn — thous- 
ands of  these  are  still  in  many  civilized  countries.  It 
proves  that  progress  does  not  show  itself  in  every 
place  alike.  In  some  places  the  march  is  rapid,  in  oth- 
ers slow,  and  in  some  places  retroceding.  Nature 
does  not  always  work  out  a  progress.  (We  shall  re- 
sume that  point  in  future.)  The  materials  alter  the 
product.  Think.  Cracker  bakery,  another  useful  and 
important  improvement,  and  entirely  new.  I  wish  you 
would  notice  each  of  these  machines,  and  see  if  you 
think  the  Pompeiians  had  such.  They  did  well,  but  this 
generation  does  better.  These  machines  do  work  that 
was  a  few  years  ago  thought  to  be  impossible  to  do  but 
by  hand.  But  men  are  finding  out  the  fact  that  ma- 
chinery can  do  more  perfect  work  than  can  be  done  by 
man  in  thousands  of  instances  ;  it  is  done  daily.  This 
shows  the  work  of  progress.  Fire  engines.  This 
moveSj  by  steam.  This  engine  is  of  a  different  class 
from  the  common  engine.  The  motion  is  circular;  a 
high  speed  can  be  produced,  and  the  engine  can  be 
run  with  low  steam.  The  steam  enters  on  one  side  of 
the  engine  and  exhausts  on  the  other  side,  so  the  boiler 
is  an  improvement.  The  La  France  Co.,  of  Elmira,  al- 
so showed  a  steam  fire  engine.  Also  an  improvement, 
and  useful,  was  the  rotary  engine.  One  of  the  fire  en- 
gines could  throw  a  one  and  a  quarter  inch  stream  323 
feet.  The  fire  extinguishers  were  many,  and  of  a  great 
many  kinds,  and  it  is  claimed  to  equal  some  engines. 
Hoisting  apparatus  was  shown,  by  which  one  man 
could  raise  4,000  pounds.       A  shingle  machine  was 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL.  517 

shown,  that  could  saw  12,000  eighteen  inch  shingles 
in  a  day.  Veneer  chairs  were  shown,  that  for  durabil- 
ity, beauty,  and  cleanliness  were  fine.  Japanese  pa- 
per ware  was  of  all  kinds  for  holding  water,  and  said  to 
be  waterproof,  durable,  capable  of  a  fine  finish,  and  will 
not  crack  or  rust. 

Slate  was  also  shown  of  a  superior  quality.  It  is 
largely  exported.  Marble  was  also  shown,  and  is  of  as 
fine  a  finish  and  as  pure  a  color  as  any  foreign  marble. 
Terra  cotta  ware  (baked  earth)  has  been  used  for  two 
thousand  years.  Much  has  been  unearthed  in  Hercu- 
laneum  and  Pompeii.  These  wares  or  pipes  are  cheap- 
er for  drains  than  bricks.  They  are  made  as  large  as 
twenty-four  inches  in  diameter,  and  some  are  glazed 
inside  and  outside,  and  are  very  durable.  It  is  also 
much  used  for  vases  and  many  other  utensils.  Glass 
making  is  a  useful  and  important  art;  it  was  shown 
in  the  whole  process.  A  crystal  was  shown,  forty-eight 
feet  in  circumference  and  seventeen  feet  hiofh,  built  so 
as  to  reflect  the  light  like  a  rainbow.  In  the  night  it 
was  a  beauty  beyond  description.  The  fountain  was 
surrounded  by  the  largest  crystal  figure  ever  made ;  a 
statue  of  liberty  thirty  feet  high,  every  part  perfect. 
There  were  many  glass  mementoes  of  the  exhibition, 
which  were  sold  readily,  such  as  busts  of  Washington, 
Lincoln,  and  Franklin.  There  were  goblets,  decan- 
ters, vases,  and  many  other  things.  Many  wonderful 
articles  were  made ;  a  lady's  hat  finer,  seemingly,  than 
the  finest  white  silk,  and  adorned  with  natural  flowers. 
This  was  said  to  contain  over  several  thousand  miles 
of  spun  glass  (10,000  miles).  Stained  glass  was  also 
shown.  The  subject  of  one  window  was  St.  Paul.  It 
was  seven  feet  high,  and  was  magnificently  colored, 
and  neatly  done.  Anders'  magneto  printing  and  tele- 
graph instruments  ;  these  instruments  are  worked  with- 
out any  battery.  The  electrical  currents  are  generat- 
ed from  permanent  steel  magnets.  By  the  action  of 
a  treadle  the  electrical  currents  are  produced.  The 
result  is  that  the  printers  will  work  very  rapidly.  The 
steel  magnets  will  never  change,  and  if  they  wear  out, 


5i8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

a  little  expense  will  replace  them.  Any  person  can 
learn  to  send  messages  by  them  in  a  few  minutes. 
Many  other  firms  exhibited  their  telegraphic  appara- 
tuses and  fire  alarms.  (See  progress.)  A  typographical 
machine  was  shown  that  could  print  several  copies  at 
the  same  time.  Musical  instruments.  In  the  main 
building  was  a  very  large  and  powerful  organ.  The 
organ  had  four  manuals,  and  a  thirty-two  foot  pedal, 
and  nearly  three  thousand  pipes.  It  had  thirty-nine 
stops,  and  four  banks  of  keys.  ^The  longest  pipe  was 
thirty-two  feet  long,  and  the  shortest  one  inch.  It  was 
forty  feet  high,  thirty-two  feet  wide,  and  twenty-one 
feet  deep.  It  had  four  stories,  and  passages  in  all, 
and  when  boxed  weighed  63,500  pounds. 

Cotton  goods  are  incredible  in  the  number  of  kinds, 
that  no  man  would  believe  it  until  his  eyes  convinced 
him  ;  and  the  United  States  are  in  the  foremost  rank, 
so  much  so  that  they  are  vieing  foreigners  in  the  mar- 
kets of  the  world, and  even  selling  goods  in  their  own 
countries.  What  kind  of  an  argument  is  that  for  a 
high  tariff.?  Think  of  that;  thought  is  everything. 
Do  not  neglect  to  think.  A  hint  to  the  wise  is  suffic- 
ient ;  but  the  fool  must  have  the  kick,  and  then  he 
stares.  Fool  of  fools,  will  you  {having  eyes)  see  !  The 
United  States  goods  were  first  in  design,  and  color 
will  not  run,  excellent  in  texture,  and  fine  in  finish. 
Bobbins,  spools  and  shuttles,  the  weaving  and  spin- 
ning, are  a  decided  progress.  Think  of  the  old  spin- 
ning-wheel, the  old  loom,  and  then  of  progress.  The 
progress  in  the  manufacture  of  textile  fabrics  is  won- 
derful. Also  a  patent  self-threading  shuttle  for  cotton 
and  woolen  goods;  also  a  new  bobbin.  These  machines 
are  nearly  all  new.  Pompeii  did  not  have  any  of  the 
kind.  The  workingman  is  continually  making  inven- 
tions, but  the  drone  takes  the  cream  of  them.  There 
will  be  a  progress  that  will  give  the  laboring  man  the 
benefit  of  his  inventions.  How  will  you  like  that, 
workingman  ?  Horn  and  tortoise  shell  combs  were  of 
great  beauty.  Silverware  ;  there  has  been  great  im- 
provement made  in  this  ware.     The  Century  vase  was 


PROGRESS,    CENTENNIAL.  519 

a  magnificent  piece  of  ware.  It  was  four  feet  and 
two  inches  high,  length  of  base  five  feet  and  four 
inches,  weight  2,000  ounces,  worth  $25,000.  An  ele- 
gant silver  pitcher  was  exhibited  ;  a  salver  worth  $3,- 
■000 ;  silver  communion  service  ;  the  Bryant  vase,  pre- 
sented to  W.  C.  Bryant  on  his  eightieth  birthday,  val- 
ued at  $5,000 ;  aigrette  in  the  form  of  a  feather,  con- 
taining the  Brunswick  Canary  diamond  and  over  six 
hundred^small  stones,  worth  $120,000  for  the  set,  made 
by  Tiffany  &  Co.,  New  York  ;  a  wedding  set  of  ten 
pieces — of  musicians,  cupids  bearing  flowers,  the  bride, 
groom  and  guests — in  an  oaken  case  finished  with  sil- 
ver, costing  $2,650.  Bronze  goods  were  formerly  not 
much  manufactured  here,  as  there  was  a  prejudice 
against  them,  and  they  had  to  be  sold  as  French.  But 
the  present  goods  were  about  equal  to  those  of  foreign 
countries.  A  bronze  inkstand  was  shown,  which 
showed  great  progress  ;  also  a  thermometer  which  was 
a  perfect  beauty.  Machinery  for  making  beer  was 
shown,  which  did  the  work  on  a  large  scale,  and  well. 
A  house  was  shown  in  which  the  making  of  beer  was 
shown.  In  this  house  were  malt  liquors,  malt,  hops, 
and  machinery  for  making  beer  ;  also  a  self-acting  ma- 
chine for  washing  barrels,  and  also  a  bottle-washer, 
and  other  machinery  for  the  use  of  the  brewer.  Also 
was  shown  a  ship  windlass  and  capstan,  all  new  and 
useful.  The  ocean  pump  was  capable  of  raising  an 
immense  quantity  of  water;  and  we  notice  these  ma- 
chines were  made  to  last,  which  is  a  great  point. 
There  was  an  ice-crusher.  Two  ice-crushers  were 
shown  side  by  side,  one  1862,  and  one  1876.  Progress 
was  plainly  to  be  seen.  There  was  to  be  seen  a  seed- 
sower,  an  apple-paring  machine,  also  a  peach-parer  and 
a  potato-parer,  and  a  cherr3^-s toner,  and  others.  And 
the  Photographic  Company  also  were  there.  They 
had  a  fine  building,  62  by  120  feet.  All  who  held  free 
passes  were  required  to  have  their  photographs  taken 
and  pasted  on  their  passes,  and  they  were  taken  by 
one  company  ;  all  nations  having  their  faces  taken ; 
nearly  700  were  taken  daily.     The  beauties  in  the  ex- 


520  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

hibition  were  taken  and  retained.  A  combination 
desk  and  bookcase  was  convenient  and  neat.  Iron 
works;  this  is  an  important  and  highly  useful  busi- 
ness. It  ranks  next  to  agriculture,  and  cannot  be  ex- 
tolled too  highly.  The  Bellefont  Iron  Works,  of  Penn- 
sylvania, showed  numerous  specimens  of  their  iron 
ores  free  from  phosphorus  and  sulphur,  and  steel  made 
from  it.  They  roll  the  iron  into  many  shapes  for  oth- 
er factories,  as  there  is  now  a  desire  shown  to  distrib- 
ute the  many  branches  of  the  manufacturing  business, 
some  to  one,  as  to  band  iron,  another  to  wire,  and  so 
making  it  like  the  stores  in  a  city.  Many  useful  im- 
provements have  been  made.  But  we  will  plainly 
show,  before  we  get  half  way  through,  that  this  im- 
mense progress  is  not  in  accord  at  all  with  an  impor- 
tant branch  in  society;  and  we  will  show  that  the 
American  should  be  ashamed  of  the  state  society  is  in. 
Workingman,  there  should  also  be  progress  for  you. 
Can  you  see  that  you  are  trodden  under  foot,  dis- 
tressed, enslaved,  your  rights  taken  from  you,  and  your 
children  growing  up  in  poverty  and  ignorance  ?  Are 
you  satisfied  to  be  a  slave,  a  tool  for  the  drones  .f*  Have 
you  no  gall  in  your  composition  ?  Have  you  no  care 
for  the  future  of  your  children  ?  Can  you  rest  with 
arms  folded,  and  no  thoughts  of  the  drift  of  your  class, 
and  not  see  the  robber  take  your  hard  earnings  from 
you  ? 


CHAPTER  XXXIII. 

PROGRESS  TO   I  88o. 

The  wealth  of  the  following  nations  is  as  follows  : 
United  States,  $43,642,000,000;  Great  Britain,  $43,- 
366,000,000;  Russia,  $17,134,000,000;  Austro-Hun- 
gary,  $14,762,000,000;  France,  $35,898,000,000 ;  Ger- 
many, $29,403,000,000;  total,  $184,205,000,000.  The 
population  is  given  as  below:  United  States,  50,155,- 
783;  Great  Britain,  29,702,727;  France,  36,905,788; 
Germany,  45,194,177;    Russia,    87,795,987;    Austro- 


PROGRESS    TO    1880.  52 1 

Hungary,  37,741,434.  The  wealth  to  each  person  in 
the  United  States  is  $872;  Great  Britain,  $1,451; 
France,  $972  ;  Germany,  $656;  Russia,  $195;  Hun- 
gary, $391.  The  increase  has  been  great  for  the  last 
thirty  years.  In  the  United  States,  the  wealth  is  dis- 
tributed as  follows  :  farms,  $10, 197,000,000  ;  residences 
and  business  real  estate,  $9,881,000,000  ;  all  real  estate 
exempt  from  taxation,  $2,000,000,000;  railroads  and 
equipments,  $5,536,000,000  ;  telegraphs,  shipping  and 
canals,  $419,000,000;  live  stock,  farming  tools  and  ma- 
chinery, $2,403,000,000  ;  household  furniture,  clothing, 
paintings,  books,  jewelry,  household  supplies,  food, 
fuel,  etc.,  $5,000,000,000  ;  mines,  etc.,  with  half  the  an- 
nual product,  $781,000,000;  three-fourths  of  the  an- 
nual product  of  agriculture  and  manufactures,  and  of 
imports  of  foreign  goods,  $6,160,000,000  ;  specie,  $612,- 
000,000.  The  increase  of  property  in  the  United 
States  for  thirty  years  is  as  follows:  in  1850,  it  was 
$7,186,000,000;  in  i860,  it  was  $16,160,000,000;  in 
1870,  it  was  $24,055,000,000:  in  1880,  it  was  $43, 742,- 
000,000;  from  which  it  appears  that  the  property  in 
1880  was  six  times  as  much  as  in  1850.  You  will  bear 
in  mind  that  much  of  this  increase  is  not  increase  in 
property,  but  increase  in  value,  which  is  most  in  the 
cities  ;  and  as  population  increases,  land  also  rises  in 
value.  It  is  plain  that  this  appears  to  be  progress. 
No  person  can  deny  that.  On  whatever  side  you 
turn  your  sight,  you  behold  progress.  No  person 
would  presage  such  rapid  increase.  But  I  think  the 
figures  are  about  right.  Be  of  good  cheer.  A  higher 
destiny  is  sure  to  come  to  the  people. 

Let  us  notice  the  progress  in  threshing  grain.  It 
is  very  likely  the  first  grain  was  tramped  out  with  the 
feet,  as  probably  there  was  but  little  of  it.  Then  a 
curved  stick.  Next  is  what  is  called  a  flail,  that  is  a 
short, thick  club,  about  two  and  a  half  feet  long,  fasten- 
ed to  a  stick  about  four  and  a  half  to  five  feet  long, 
fastened  with  a  wooden  swivel.  A  man  could  thresh 
about  ten  bushels  of  rye  or  wheat  in  a  day's  work.  We 
have  used  the  article.     No  horses  were  used  in  thresh- 


522  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

ing  in  that  manner.  Then  we  read  of  grain  being 
tramped  out  by  oxen  ;  next,  horses  were  used  to  tramp 
out  the  grain  ;  then  a  roller  drawn  by  horses.  For  a 
long  time  grain  was  tramped  out  by  horses  ;  we  have 
seen  some  of  it  done.  Then  came  the  threshing  ma- 
chine. The  first  one  I  saw  would  be  a  great  curiosity 
in  this  age  of  progress.  The  cylinder  was  a  round 
stick  of  wood,  about  two  feet  long  and  six  inches  in 
diameter,  with  spikes  drove  into  it.  The  horse  power 
was  a  rickety  affair,  often  out  of  order.  The  capacity 
was  about  two  hundred  to  three  hundred  bushels  a 
day  of  grain,  requiring  eight  to  ten  men.  You  can 
readily  see  that  it  was  slow  work  ;  but  it  was  a  link  in 
the  mighty  chain  of  progress.  The  fanatic  cannot  see 
it,  nor  can  the  aristocrat,  nor  the  old  fogy.  Four  to 
eight  horses  worked  the  thresher.  The  machine  had 
no  separator ;  the  straw  was  worked  and  picked  from 
it,  and  the  machine  had  to  stop  every  short  time,  and 
the  chaff  and  grain  raked  and  caved  in  a  pile  to  be 
cleaned  with  a  fanning  mill  afterwards.  Soon  a  vibra- 
tor  was  added  to  the  machine,  which  made  less  work 
raking,  saving  one  man,  about.  This  was  tedious,  you 
can  see :  but  our  forefathers  had  patience,  and  they 
persevered,  and  most  always  made  a  point.  Then 
came  the  separator  as  you  now  see  it,  which  has  a  ca- 
pacity to  thresh  from  three  to  four  thousand  bushels 
of  wheat  in  a  day,  cleaned,  sacked,  and  piled  at  six 
cents  a  bushel.  Eastern  fogies  cannot  see  it ;  they 
cannot  see  progress.  The  machine  requires  about  fif- 
teen horses  and  as  many  men.  Next  we  see  the  com- 
bined header  and  thresher,  which  will  no  doubt  take 
the  preference  soon.  Its  capacity  is  twenty  to  forty 
acres,  cut,  thrashed  and  sacked  in  a  day.  Now  we  can 
form  an  idea  how  the  farmers  have  struggled  and  toil- 
ed from  day  to  day.  A  crop  of  a  few  thousand  bushels 
of  grain  was  a  winter's  job,  to  thresh,  clean  and  haul 
much  of  it  two  miles  to  market.  Now  can  you  see 
progress  .f^     The  drones  cannot  and  will  not  see  it. 

VVhere  there  has  been  no  progress,  the  predacians, 
who  are  robbing  the  people  in  many  ways,  and  desire 


PROGRESS    TO     I550.  523 

that  they  shall  remain  in  ignorance,  and  all  be  status 
quo,  so  that  they  can  continue  to  reap,  and  keep  a 
good  harvest.  But  you  see,  no  doubt,  that  the  drones 
will  be  as  the  tragedian  said,  Othello's  occupation's 
gone.  Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price  of  liberty.  You 
have  ever  to  be  on  the  watch.  The  people  are  like  a 
band  of  sheep,  and  the  aristocrats  are  after  the  fleeces. 
See  that  you  have  the  fleeces  yourself.  And  you  no- 
tice the  onward  march  of  progress  in  every  machine, 
in  all  the  manufactures;  and  in  the  Centennial  nearly 
all  was  new,  and  nothing  but  what  proves  progress. 
No  honest  and  sensible  man  can  deny  that  the  onward 
march  of  progress  is  a  law  of  nature ;  and  all  comes 
by  degrees.  Did  you  ever  see  an  ox  grow  from  a 
small  calf  in  a  night }  Did  you  ever  see  a  crop  of 
wheat  grow  in  a  day.?  In  all  time  it  has  been  the 
same  as  now.  Nature  has  been  incessantly  working. 
Without  moiscure,  and  air,  and  warmth,  vegetation 
will  not  grow.  These  are  conditions  that  are  indis- 
pensable to  their  growth  ;  and  when  the  conditions 
are  different,  the  result  will  be  altered.  Under  the 
same  conditions,  nature  will  produce  precisely  the 
same  plant  or  animal;  but  as  the  conditions  do  vary 
some,  you  will  find  no  two  alike.  The  world  has  one 
and  a  half  billions  of  people  on  it,  yet  no  two  are  ex- 
actly alike.  This  proves  that  nature  works  according 
to  circumstances.  If  conditions  vary,  results  vary.  No 
seeds,  trees,  plants,  or  animals  are  exactly  alike;  and 
you  will  observe  that  no  two  seasons  are  alike.  And 
so  with  everything  in  creation.  If  that  was  not  the 
case,  we  would  not  have  progress;  by  variation  we  get 
progress;  but  the  result  is  not  always  progress.  More 
animals  and  plants,  no  doubt,  have  become  extinct 
than  there  are  now  living  species  on  the  earth.  Every 
person  knows  of  many  animals  becoming  extinct.  It 
has  been  so  ages  ago,  and  no  doubt  will  be  so  again. 
Also  the  thoughts  of  a  person  will  be  different,  as  the 
materials  conveyed  to  the  mind  vary.  The  fruits  of 
your  labor  are  yours ;  see  that  you  get  them ;  look  at 
your  interest ;  do  not  be  a  slave  ;   the  drone  takes  the 


524  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

cream.  The  fish-hawk  goes  early  in  the  morning  to 
the  sea  to  catch  a  fish.  The  eagle  perches  on  some 
high  rocks,  and  when  the  hawk  catches  a  fish,  the 
eagle  darts  from  his  hiding  place. 

The  first  government  was  patriarchal ;  that  is,  by 
heads  of  families.  In  time,  these  families  came  to  be 
strong,  or  some  of  them,  and  made  war,  and  subdued 
the  weaker  ones,  and  increased  so  as  to  be  tribes. 
They  conquered  many  families,  and  became  powerful 
chiefs  and  warriors,  and  were  made  kings.  Some  of 
them  were  tyrants,  and  appropriated  large  tracts  of 
land  to  themselves  and  leased  to  others ;  and  they 
were  serfs.  And  in  that  manner  Feudalism  was  estab- 
lished. In  time,  the  strong,  kingly  rulers  were  jealous 
of  the  Feudalists,  and  subjugated  them,  and  broke  up 
the  feudalistic  clans.  The  people  paid  their  rent  to 
the  Feudalists  in  military  services,  and  became  the 
worst  of  slaves  ;  and  the  Feudalist  was  a  tyrant  over 
them,  and  had  the  people  to  fight  for  him  when  he  de- 
manded it.  Much  of  Europe  was  once  under  that 
kind  of  government.  That  was  some  like  the  present 
Indian  tribes  ;  every  tribe  had  its  own  chief  and  was 
independent.  Some  kings,  at  times,  conquered  other 
kings,  and  established  Empires,  as  the  Russian  and 
Prussian  Empires.  They  were  the  most  despotic,  as 
some  of  them  were  autocratic  one-man  power.  As  the 
silly  dunce  says,  "  We  may  go  back  to  one-man  power 
again."  Of  all  governments  that  have  been  instituted 
for  man,  that  is  the  most  flagrant  and  atrocious.  But 
it  was  a  long  time  before  the  people  knew  it.  Please 
consider  how  dull,  how  insensible,  the  people  have 
been  to  their  interest,  and  so  long — 100,000  years. 
About  3,000  years  ago  the  best  government  was  tried, 
but  the  people  were  not  progressed  enough  to  appre- 
ciate it,  and  it  did  not  stand  long.  We  now  have 
about  5,000,000  voters  who  do  not  care  for  good  gov- 
ernment. The  despots  and  tyrants  are  all  against 
honest  government,  but  we  have  many  men  who  are 
heart  and  soul  for  honest  rulers.  When  the  wicked 
rule  the  country  mourns.      When  thieves  govern,  pover- 


PROGRESS    TO    I 88o.  525 

ty  and  distress  and  sufferhig  are  to  be  seen  on  every 
hand.  We  have  had  a  good  form  of  gov-^ernment  for 
nearly  one  hundred  years.  Every  person  should  aid 
in  preserving  the  form.  As  long  as  we  have  the  form 
we  can  get  the  practical  part.  The  ne  plus  ultra  of 
government  is  a  Democratic  Republican,  and  labor  to 
rule  the  elections.  Workingman,  attend  to  your  in- 
terest, and  be  sure  that  you  take  the  honey  bee  for 
your  guide  and  standard. 

Nearly  all  the  members  of  every  religious  denomi- 
nation will  tell  you  theirs  is  perfect.  It  was  given  by 
God,  it  is  his  word,  and  cannot  be  imperfect  in  any  par- 
ticular point.  No  improvements  can  be  made  in  their 
religion.  All,  or  most  of  them,  will  tell  you  the  same. 
But  there  was  a  time  that  there  was  no  religion  on  the 
earth,  and  the  first  is  not  now  on  the  earth.  The  Cath- 
olic says  his  was  the  first  of  the  Christian  religions, 
and  it  must  be  the  true  one,  he  says  :  as  though  per- 
fection was  the  beginning,  and  if  any  imperfection  it 
came  after  naturally;  as  they  say,  Nature  is  evil — no 
good  in  it.  But  that  is  in  opposition  to  what  we  find 
in  the  works  of  Nature.  Please  scan  closely  what  has 
been  written  in  the  first  few  pages  of  this  work,  and 
throw  away  bias,  and  make  up  your  mind  with  a  de- 
sire to  find  the  truth.  Do  not  mind  what  others  say, 
that  is  not  good  for  you.  Your  solitary  and  lone  opin- 
ion is  better  ior  you  than  that  of  all  others.  We  want 
the  independent  opinion  of  men.  It  matters  not  to 
you  what  A.  B.  C.  says,  give  your  opinion.  It  is  bet- 
ter that  you  should  be  mistaken  than  to  depend  on 
others'  say  so.  If  you  have  no  opinion  of  your  own  you 
are  a  zero.  If  you  follow  what  some  aristocrats  say,  you 
are  a  weak  unit  of  Republic.  Exercise  strenghtens 
the  muscles,  so  it  also  does  the  mind.  Without  exercise 
the  mind  will  dwindle  so  as  to  be  of  no  use.  Do  not 
depend  on  any  one.  Seek  knowledge  and  you  will 
find  it.  What  have  you  a  mind  for.?  Use,  all  will  say. 
So  use  it  and  be  a  man.  And  again,  if  you  do  not  use 
it  you  will  lose  it,  and  then  you  will  be  in  a  sad  plight. 
Nine-tenths  of  all  the  misery  and  degradation  in  the 


526  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

world  comes  from  persons  following  knaves,  fanatics 
and  deceivers.  [  cannot  tell  you  too  often  to  follow  the 
dictates  of  your  own  conscience.  Nine  times  out  of  ten, 
you  will  miss  to  follow  others.  Men  are  for  their  inter- 
est; follow  them,  and  you  go  for  their  interest.  First  be 
sure  that  you  are  right,  then  pursue  your  interest,  that, 
you  will  find  will  win  in  the  long  run.  "  Honesty  is 
the  best  policy."  If  you  take  a  different  road  it  will 
lead  you  to  destruction.  We  cannot  caution  you  too 
often.  Do  not  follow  drones  and  knaves,  all  they 
want  is  your  substance  ;  they  do  not  toil,  but  live  by 
cheating,  lying,  robbing,  and  stealing.  Do  not  associ- 
ate with  them  at  all.  If  you  do,  they  will  take  you  in 
the  anaconda's  den,  and  when  it  is  too  late  you  will  see 
you  are  caught. 

No  person  can  say  what  the  religion  of  the  cave-men 
of  one  hundred  thousand  years  ago  was;  it,  no  doubt, 
was  reverence,  at  first,  of  the  children  for  their  parents, 
and  confined  to  families  ;  and  next  they  worshipped 
their  animals,  as  they  soon  caught  and  tamed  some 
kind  ;  say,  the  dog;  that,  or  some  animal  like  ;  it  was 
the  first,  and  a  true  and  faithful  animal  he  has  been  to 
man — both  in  barbarous  and  civilized  life.  But  their 
animals  for  a  long  time  were  confined  to  a  few  kinds. 
They  soon  had  a  rude  government,  and  then  they 
worshipped  their  leader,  then  the  sun  and  the  moon; 
to  this  day,  we,  no  doubt,  can  find  those  who  worship 
the  sun  and  moon,  as  they  are  conspicuous,  and  very 
important  objects.  Yes,  the  sun  is  the  life  of  the 
world  ;  it  is  all  and  everything  for  us.  Then  we  learn 
of  sacrifice  being  offered  up  to  the  Lord — offer  up 
sweet  savory  scent  to  the  Lord.  There  we  can  see 
progress.  That  is  abolished  in  civilized  countries. 
It  was  a  strange  custom ;  but  it  proves  that  they  had 
a  strong  desire  for  the  scent  of  roast  meat ;  and  igno- 
rance, to  suppose  that  the  great  spirit  was  like  them- 
selves. The  practice  was  followed  for  a  long  time, 
and  thousands  of  thousands  of  animals  were  offered 
for  that  purpose.  The  priests  took  the  best  for  them- 
selves ;  a  thing  was  good,  and  they  kept  it ;  they  play- 


PROGRESS    TO    1880.  527 

ed  smart  in  early  days,  as  they  do  now.  Keep  watch ; 
it  is,  no  doubt,  in  all  ages  and  nations  the  drones  have 
lived  on  the  labor  of  the  workingman  ;  as  they  did  not 
work,  they  had  to  live  off  the  work  of  those  who 
did.  So  it  is  at  present;  he  is  a  mummy  who  does 
not  know  it.  It  costs  the  people  a  great  sum  to 
keep  the  drones.  He  who  does  not  provide  for  him- 
self has  denied  the  faith,  and  provide  also  for  his  fam- 
ily, is  worse  than  an  infidel.  If  you  do  not  see  that 
your  granary  is  kept  secure,  and  that  nothing  goes 
out  but  what  is  necessary,  you  will  be  deficient  in  food 
and  clothing  ;  and  be  watchful.  A  few  take  the  cream, 
and  the  many  have  to  take  the  clabber.  But  if  you 
will  not  see,  or  cannot  hear,  you  will  have  to  feel. 
Your  property  is  fast  going  into  the  hands  of  aristo- 
cratic drones.  Your  children  and  your  children's 
children  for  thousands  of  unborn  generations  will  cry 
for  bread  ;  babies  will  famish  at  their  mothers'  breasts  ; 
and  mothers,  as  some  do  in  Europe,  will  starve  for  the 
want  of  food.  And  if  you  do  not  soon  make  a  change, 
this  will  soon  be. 

Soon  followed  the  worship  of  idols,  and  rude  struc- 
tures they  at  first  were.  Fetichism,  that  was  a  common 
worship,  and  is  yet.  It  is  worshiping  some  inanimate 
objects,  as  stones,  trees,  and  sometimes  animals.  Then 
came  Paganism  ;  it  was  not  confined  to  the  worship  of 
any  one  thing,  but  many  material  and  inanimate  ob- 
jects. And  then  followed  Polytheism,  they  believed  in 
many  gods.  It  was  in  its  height  in  Grecian  and  Roman 
times.  They  had  twelve  gods  ;  they  were  Jupiter,  Nep- 
tune, Pluto,  Mercury,  Mars,  Vulcan,  Apollo,  Diana, 
Minerva,  Juno,  Ceres  and  Vesta.  Then  came  the  Chris- 
tian religion.  Then  the  Mohammedan  religion,  if  you 
can  call  these  all  religions,  and  numerous  sects  came. 
But  the  Christian  was  adopted  by  the  civil  countries. 
Only  a  few  I  have  named;  but  you  can  see  that  reli- 
gion has  been  progressing  a  long  time,  before  the 
Christian  religion  came  on  the  earth.  All  the  sects  and 
the  progress  it  has  made  no  one  can  tell.  Man  has 
been  on  the  earth  about  100,000  years,  yet  the  religion 


528  THE   WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

considered  the  most  perfect,  the  Christian,  is  not  1900 
years  old ;  and  the  many  steps  which  we  have  traced 
prove  that  there  was  progress  in  religion,  and  that  pro- 
gress was  very  slow,  or  we  should  have  had  the  present 
condition  tens  of  thousands  of  years  ago.  One  fact 
we  must  notice,  that  progress,  let  it  be  slow  or  rapid,  does 
not  come  in  an  even  increase.  But  as  progression  ad- 
vances, the  march  is  more  rapid.  It  is  so  in  material 
and  mental  improvements ;  one  advancement  is  an  as- 
sistant for  another,  and  it  is  like  a  stepping  stone  for 
the  next  advancement.  There  is  nothing  but  what  is 
governed  by  this  law  ;  it  is  a  law  of  nature  that  cannot 
be  altered.  Notice  that  the  result  is  not  always  pro- 
gress, or  there  would  not  be  so  many  animals  that  once 
lived  on  the  earth  that  are  extinct.  If  the  conditions 
are  favorable  there  will  be  progress,  if  unfavorable  then 
retrocession  will  be  the  result.  If  the  cholera  visits  a 
place,  on  the  germs  of  cholera  then  disease  and  death 
follow.  If  the  environments  are  healthful,  then  life  and 
animation  are  seen.  Nature  is  working  continually ; 
but  the  result  depends  on.  the  materials  presented  to 
her. 

Pompeii  was  a  city  in  its  zenith  nearly  two  thousand 
years  ago;  it  was  a  city  of  wealth  and  civilization, and 
had  about  thirty-five  thousand  inhabitants.  It  was  beau- 
tifully situated  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Vesuvius.  The  su- 
burbs were  ornamented  with  villas  and  gardens,  in  the 
most  refined  taste,  to  the  environs  of  Vesuvius.  It  was 
a  commercial  town  on  the  bank  of  a  navigable  river.  A 
few  years  before  the  final  destruction,  an  earthquake 
had  injured  it  considerable.  But  a  worse  fate  befell  it. 
On  the  24th  of  August,  a.  d.  79,  the  people  were  re- 
pairing the  buildings,  when  suddenly,  and  without  any 
previous  warning,  a  vast  column  of  smoke,  black  as 
Tophet,  burst  from  the  mountain.  It  spread  out  and 
grew  dark,  pitchy  blackness.  Dense  black  mud 
poured  down  the  mountain,  creeping  in  every  secret 
place ;  ashes  fell  thick  and  in  torrents,  and  buried  ev- 
erything in  reach.  The  people  who  could  left  the 
city,  but  perished  miserably,  as  they  could  not  get  out 


PROGRESS    TO    I  88o.  529 

of  the  reach  of  the  eruption,  so  were  lost.  In  three 
days,  the  city  was  entirely  submerged  ;  it  was  covered 
with  ashes,  pumice  stone  and  mud  from  twenty  to  sev- 
enty feet  thick.  Years,  centuries  rolled  by;  Pompeii 
was  forgotten  ;  the  inhabitants  had  abandoned  the 
place.  Nearly  1800  years  had  passed,  when  some  an- 
tique bronzes  and  utensils  were  discovered  by  a  peas- 
ant, and  excited  attention.  Excavations  were  com- 
menced immediately,  and  Pompeii  appeared  again  to 
the  visage  of  the  astonished  people.  Such  a  sight 
no  one  expected  to  behold.  Now  we  will  state  a  few 
of  those  relics.  As  you  have  seen,  we  have  a  special 
object  in  what  we  shall  write.  The  object  is  to  prove 
that  there  has  been  a  continued  progress  in  the  world, 
and  we  will  compare  the  relics  found  there  with  what 
was  found  in  the  caves  when  man's  utensils  of  his  first 
make  were  found.  Both  were  dug  up,  excavated.  I 
think  you  will  say  that  man  has  made  much  progress. 
I  think  you  can  say  it  truthfully.  The  researches 
have  almost  continually  been  prosecuted,  and  until  to- 
day, three  hundred  and  sixty  houses,  schools,  temples, 
theaters,  stores,  factories  have  been  brought  to  the 
light  of  day,  as  the  mud  and  ashes  which  covered  the 
city  made  a  mould  around  the  relics,  and  encased  them 
so  no  air  could  have  access  to  them ;  for  that  reason, 
they  were  so  perfectly  preserved  entire  to  the  light  of 
the  present  day. 

We  have  a  picture  of  what  the  city  was  1800  years 
ago ;  gold  and  ivory,  pearls  and  precious  stones,  were 
found  as  they  had  been  left  then.  Beautiful  lamps, 
fresco  pain  tings,  with  colors  as  if  painted  today,  the  finest 
sculpture  of  every  form,  and  inlaid  in  artistic  designs.  In 
a  surgeon's  house  instruments  were  found  all  made  of 
bronze.  Public  baths,  theatres;  there  were  two  ele- 
gant houses  uncovered.  Hercules,  a  temple,  Isis.  a 
temple,  Esculapious  a  temple,  two  theatres.  The 
triangular  forum  and  the  quarters  of  the  gladiators ; 
on  the  walls  was  found  the  following  inscription  :  On 
the  estate,  Julia  Felix,  daughter  of  Spurious,  are  to  be 
let  a  bath,  a  venerium,  nine  hundred  shops  with  booths 

3t 


530  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

and  garrets,  for  a  term  of  five  continuous  years.  Scau- 
rus,  who  placed  in  his  house  columns  of  black  mar- 
ble, called  lucultian,  thirty-eight  feet  high,  of  vast  and 
unusual  weight.  And  Brassus  was  offered  $242,500 
for  his  house,  and  it  was  refused.  The  walls  were 
painted  with  landscapes  or  arabesques,  or  they  were 
lined  with  slabs  of  costly  foreign  marble.  Their  cou- 
ches, and  their  eating  houses,  and  all  the  furniture, 
were  magnificent  in  the  highest  degree ;  bronze  lamps, 
raised  on  richly  wrought  candelebra,  gave  a  brilliant 
light.  In  the  triclinium,  the  table  was  made  of  citron 
wood,  costly  as  gold,  rested  on  ivory  feet,  and  was  cov- 
ered by  a  plateau  of  massive  silver,  chased  and  carved, 
weighing  five  hundred  pounds.  Electioneering  adver- 
tisements were  found  at  different  places,  and  they  were 
quite  numerous;  they  were  all  in  the  Roman  language, 
or  mostly  so.  Some  poetry  was  found  written  on  the 
walls.  Fine  pictures  were  also  found,  quite  fine  ones 
well  preserved  ;  but  they  had  to  be  covered  with  some- 
thing, or  they  will  very  soon  decay  when  taken  out. 
Among  the  last  casts  were  four  human  beings;  these 
four  persons  perished  in  the  street ;  they  were  driven 
from  their  homes;  the  thick  black  mud  began  to 
creep  in  the  crevices  into  the  house,  pumice  stones 
were  piled  up  against  the  house,  as  high  as  the 
windows  of  the  first  floor,  but  they  had  to  leave  to  per- 
ish in  the  street.  Two  women  lying  feet  to  feet;  on  ex- 
amination they  appeared  to  be  mother  and  daughter, 
the  daughter  about  fifteen  years  old.  A  third  woman 
lies  some  distance  off;  she  appears  to  be  twenty-five 
years  old.     We  have  death  itself  cast  in  mud. 

Pliny,  the  Younger,  says.  My  villa  is  large  enough 
for  convenience.  We  have  no  space  to  describe  this 
house.  It  is  enough  to  say  that  it  consisted  of  thirty- 
seven  rooms,  arranged  in  the  most  commodious  man- 
ner, and  furnished  in  magnificent  style  in  every  par- 
ticular. Many  fine  pictures  were  excavated,  and  ap- 
peared as  fresh  and  beautiful  as  if  just  painted.  One 
picture  represents  a  swan  flying  away  with  a  serpent. 
They  had  all  the  conveniences  of  water  and  baths; 


PROGRESS    TO     1880.  53 1 

and  no  expense  had  been  spared  to  make  it  a  splendid 
mansion.       Rooms    were    carpeted.      They   also    had 
many  of  their  walls  in  the  rooms  adorned  with   paint- 
ings (that  is,  wall  paintings),  and  they  would  do  honor 
to  any  age  and  nation.    A  man  fled,  abandoning  a  nu- 
merous family  to  their  fate  (one  a  young  and  beautiful 
daughter),  and  started  with   his  slave  to  the  sea  with 
his  precious  articles,  but  he   never   reached   the  sea. 
His  daughter,  two  children,  and  other  members  of  the 
family  fled  in  vaults.     It  was  in  vain  ;  the  same  fate 
happened  to  all  of  them.     The  air  was  too  sulphurous 
there  for  them  to  endure.     They  rushed  to  the  door 
and  died   in   excruciating   torments.      Near  a  garden 
gate  two  skeletons  were  found ;  one  had  a  key  in  his 
hand,  and  near  him  were  about  a  hundred  silver  and 
gold  coins,  and  some  silver  vases.     The  skeletons  of 
eighteen  persons  and  a  boy  were  also  found  close  to- 
gether.    They  were  covered  by  several  feet  of  ashes. 
One  was  a  girl,  and  even  the  texture  of  the  dress  which 
she  wore  was  apparent.     Pliny  gives  an  account  of  a 
garden,  which  now  would  be  considered  splendid  and 
ornamental   at   this   day   and  age.     They  had  numer- 
ous eating  houses.     Their  bill  of  fare  in  some  cases 
is  given.    A  remarkable  painting  represents  a  complete 
feast.     It  is  a  table  set  out  with  every  thing  for  a  mag- 
nificent dinner.     At  each  corner  of  a  large  dish  a  pea- 
cock is  placed,  making  a  very  fine  appearance  ;  lobsters, 
eggs,  oysters,  fish,  partridges,  hares,  squirrels,  sausages, 
peaches,  melons,  cherries,  and  last  a  row  of  vegetables, 
all  fine.     Another  house  attracts  our  attention  by  the 
beauty  of    its    paintings.       This    house  was  formerly 
adorned  with  paintings  taken  from  the  Odyssey  ;  Hero 
having  drunk  the  charmed  cup  with   impunity,  by  vir- 
tue of  the  antidote  given  by  Mercury,  draws  his  sword 
and  advances.    The  hero  is  Ulysses,  and   Circe  is  rep- 
resented in  the  painting.      It  is  very  fine. 

Nature  is  an  immense  laboratory  ;  she  is  continually 
laboring,  and  changing  everything.  We  see  her  work- 
ing in  the  growth  of  vegetables  and  animals  ;  in  the 
motion  of  the  heavenly  bodies ;  and  there  is  nothing 


532 


THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 


done  but  she  has  been  the  executor ;  and  from  the  be- 
ginning to  the  end  she  has  and  will  create.  From 
eternity  to  eternity,  and  from  everlasting  to  the  end  of 
time,  she  will  labor.  We  know  of  nothing  that  has 
been  made  but  she,  by  her  laws,  formed  it,  and  we  see 
daily  her  workings.  She  works  by  degrees,  but  de- 
stroys by  immensity.  How  Nature  works  no  one 
knows,  or  ever  will.  We  know  that  the  work  is  done, 
and  done  by  degrees ;  enough  for  us  to  know.  //  is 
well  not  to  know  too  much.  We  have  seen  that  all 
matter  is  composed  of  substances  called  elements.  An 
element  is  a  simple  substance  containing  but  one  kind 
of  matter,  an  undecompounded  substance.  The  an- 
cients considered  fire,  air,  water,  and  earth  as  the  only 
elements.  The  alchemists  concluded  there  were  but 
three  elements,  salt,  earth,  and  mercury.  We  see  that 
great  progress  has  been  made  in  the  discovery  of  these 
elements.  Nature  works  with  materials,  and  cannot 
work  without.  We  know  of  no  such  thing  as  creating 
matter  out  of  nothing,  and  have  no  right  to  say  it  was 
done.  The  following  are  the  elements  Nature  works 
with: 

Aluminum. 

Antimony. 

Arsenicum. 

Barium. 

Bismuth. 

Boron. 

Brome. 

Cadmium. 

Calcium. 

Carbon. 

Cerium. 

Chlorine. 

Cromium. 

Cobalt. 

Copper. 

Didymium. 

Of  these,  fifty-two  were  metalic.  Five  of  them  pene- 
trate others,  and  corrode  and  consume  them,  produc- 
ing light  and  heat.  Eight  of  them  are  inflammable  when 
acted  upon  by  the  last  five.  They  are  agate,  hydro- 
gen, sulphur,  phosphorus,  selenium,  carbon,  boron,  sil- 


Erbium. 

Niobium. 

Sulphur. 

Fluorine. 

Nitrogen. 

Strontium. 

Gold. 

Norium. 

Tantalium 

Glucinium. 

Osmium. 

Tellurium. 

Hydrogen. 

Oxygen. 

Terbium. 

Iodine. 

Palladium. 

Thorium. 

Iridium. 

Pelopium. 

Titanium. 

Iron. 

Phosphorus. 

Tin. 

Lanthanium. 

Platinum. 

Tungsten. 

Lead. 

Potassium. 

Uranium. 

Lithium. 

Rhodium. 

Vanadium. 

Magnesium. 

Ruthenium. 

Yttrium. 

Manganese. 

Selenium. 

Zinc. 

Mercury. 

Silicon. 

Zirconium. 

Molybdenum. 

Silver. 

And  a  few 

Nickel. 

Sodium. 

others. 

PROGRESS    TO     1880.  533 

icon.  Since  the  sixty-two  elements  were  discovered, 
two  or  three  more  have  been  found.  Of  these  sixty- 
four  or  sixty-five,  thirteen  are  found  in  vegetables  and 
animals.  Nature  selects  these  thirteen  to  form  the  or- 
gans of  a  vegetable  or  an  animal.  And  all  a  soil  is 
necessary  to  contain  is  those  thirteen  ;  and  it  must 
contain  them  all,  or  plants  will  not  grow,  and  the 
plants  will  not  take  other  elements.  They  take  the 
thirteen,  and  will  take  no  others.  The  five  elements 
that  are  spoken  of  above  are,  chlorine,  oxygen,  iodine, 
bromine,  fluorine.  These  are  supports  of  the  others 
in  combustion  ;  that  is,  they  support  the  combustion 
of  the  eight  named  above.  We  notice  that  nature 
takes  such  material  as  is  necessary  to  form  the  vegeta- 
ble, and  none  other;  and  the  animals  eat  the  vegeta- 
bles, or  the  animals  that  ate  the  vegetables.  So  you 
can  see  that  the  animals  are  composed  of  the  same 
thirteen  elements  as  the  vegetables  are,  and  if  any  oth- 
er element  is  taken  in  the  stomach  of  an  animal,  it  en- 
deavors to  throw  it  out  through  the  skin  or  by  vomit- 
ing. The  following  are  the  thirteen  elements  that 
compose  the  vegetables  and  the  animals,  and  no  others 
but  one  is  occasionally  found,  that  is  oxide  of  mangan- 
ese. The  organic  parts  are  carbon,  hydrogen,  oxygen 
and  nitrogen.  The  inorganic  parts  are,  phosphorus, 
sulphur,  iron,  chlorine,  sodium,  calcium,  potassium, 
magnesium  and  fluorine.  But  there  are  other  agents  ; 
I  shall  call  them.  They  are  the  most  important  of  all, 
yet  they  have  no  weight  ;  can,  in  ordinary  circumstan- 
ces, not  be  seen  or  felt  of,  nor  smelt ;  and  they  are  the 
great  agents  that  nature  uses,  unsight,  unseen,  to  do  her 
great  work,  and  they  never  fail  to  perform  their  func- 
tions. They  are  ten  in  number,  and  they  ten  and  the 
other  sixty-four  do  all  the  work  in  this  world,  organic 
and  inorganic,  and  physical;  and  the  ten  operating  on 
the  thirteen  elements  do  all  the  work  organically  on 
vegetables  and  animals.  The  ten  agents  are:  (i)  at- 
traction of  gravitation,  and  (2)  attraction  of  cohesion, 
(3)  capillary  attraction,  (4)  chemical  attraction,  and  (5) 
chemical  repulsion,  (6)  light,    (7)  heat,  (8)  electricity, 


534  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    Gl'IDE 

(9)  magnetism,  and  (10)  galvanism.  These  ten  are  the 
important  forces  in  the  universe,  and  more  than  that, 
they  are  the  active  forces,  and  still  more,  they  are  the 
only  active  forces.  The  others  are  passive,  only  acted 
upon.  Without  them  all  would  be  still  and  silent  and 
motionless  as  death;  they  are  the  messengers  of  na- 
ture. The  superintendent  is  the  most  important  of 
all — the  sun.  He  is  governed  by  the  first,  as  they  all 
are  governed  by  it.  The  first  is  the  universal  regula- 
tor ;  all  would  run  to  chaos  without  it.  The  ancients, 
if  they  had  known  anything  of  those  forces,  I  think 
they  would  have  called  them  gods,  and  I  think  it 
would  have  been  more  sensible  than  to  choose  such 
absurd  gods  as  they  did.  In  fact,  all  will  agree  that 
making  those  mysterious  agents  gods,  they  would  not 
have  been  so  foolish  as  in  choosing  the  gods  they  did. 
The  sun  gives  us  light  and  warmth  ;  not  a  blade  of 
grass  without  it  would  show  itself  on  the  earth.  The 
most  insignificant  insect  could  not  have  been.  We 
think  he  is  the  giver  of  life — but  no  worlds  would  be  ; 
he  is  the  father.  Oh,  what  a  grand,  magnificent  and 
mysterious  theme  this  is  !  All  these  active  forces  ex- 
ist independently,  and  yet  there  is  no  clashing;  they 
have  a  perfect  understanding  when  a  great  work  is 
to  be  done,  if  several  agents  are  there,  as  they  always 
are.  There  is  no  dispute  which  is  to  be  president ;  all 
appear  to  know  which  shall  act  first,  and  all  aid — no 
war  there.     It  is  a  stupendous  whole. 

All  nature  is  but  art  unknown  to  thee ; 

All  chance,  direction  which  thou  canst  not  see. 

All  discord,  harmony  not  understood. 

All  partial  evil,  universal  good; 

And  spite  of  i)ride,  in  erring  reason's  spite. 

One  truth  is  clear  :  whatever  is,  is  right. 

I  hope  the  reader  will  excuse  me  for  making  this 
digression.  It  appeared  so  beautiful  to  me,  that  I 
could  not  forego  it.  And  in  taking  a  retrospective 
view,  it  appears  to  be  applicable.  These  two  agents 
are  spiritual,  no  matter  in  them.  They  move  together 
in  harmony.  They  act  in  perfect  accord.  Why  do 
not  we  act  like  them,  in  accord  ?     Every  person  knows 


PROGRESS    TO    I550  535 

that  it  would  be  for  the  comfort,  prosperity,  and  hap- 
piness of  all. 

This  bug-a-boo  of  the  scientists,  called  usually  evol- 
ution, has  taken  nearly  as  much  space  as  we  allotted 
to  it  at  first;  and  we  think  of  closing  this  essay.  Great 
ado  has  been  made  about  it,  that  has  resounded 
through  Christendom  ;  and  it  has  been  agitated  for 
many  years,  and  has  been  like  a  spectre  to  aristocratic 
fanatics,  and  bigots,  and  blind  zealots.  The  aristocrats 
opposed  it  on  account  of  pride ;  the  never  failing  vice 
of  fools.  None  of  them  had  any  good  reasons  to 
found  their  opposition  on.  It  matters  not  where  we 
sprang  from  originally,  all  depends  how  a  man  acts. 
If  we  act  well  our  part,  then  honor  is  the  reward  ;  if 
we  do  not  do  our  duty,  shame  and  disgrace  surely  fol- 
low. We  observe  that  progress  moves  slowly,  but 
destruction  generally  is  speedy.  We  notice  that  pro- 
gress is,  and  shows  itself  in  most  all  things  in  the  world. 
If  you  can  find  anything  that  is  not  progressing,  you 
may  have  had  but  little  time  to  examine.  Everything 
must  in  the  course  of  time  go  forward  or  backward ;  there 
is  no  neutral  ground.  It  cannot  stand  still ;  there  is 
too  much  going  ahead  for  that.  Motion  is  the  main 
law  of  nature ;  all  have  to  partake  of  that.  There  is 
no  such  a  state  as  rest  in  nature;  no  idleness,  but 
continually  laboring.  We  have  devoted  much  time 
and  space  on  a  subject  that  many  will  not  read.  But 
we  ask  you  to  read  it ;  read  it  several  times ;  study  it ; 
think  often  and  carefully  about  it.  We  think  that  our 
welfare  and  misery  depend  on  it.  If  we  are  not  pro- 
gressing, then  there  is  no  good  to  come  out  of  nature. 
If  all  is  anarchy  and  chaos,  no  law  for  our  benefit, 
then  the  sooner  there  is  a  great  and  final  catastrophe 
the  better  If  we  are  traveling  to  no  goal,  and  labor- 
ing for  nought,  then  the  end  better  be  soon.  Fanat- 
ics say  man  is  a  failure,  and  they  say  what  has  just 
been  written  is  error;  that  we  are  not  doing  any  good, 
that  all  is  evil.  But  remember  what  we  say.  It  is 
that  those  who  run  out  against  nature  are  our  worst 
characters.     They  sup  and   fatten  on  their  fellow  be- 


536  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

ings.  Man  is  the  only  animal  who  makes  it  a  busi- 
ness to  prey  on  his  fellow  man.  The  saurians  preyed 
on  each  other  only  in  part.  Man  preys  on  man  en- 
tirely, that  is  many  of  them,  and  this  work  will  be  sup- 
pressed by  progression.  We  are  fully  convinced  that 
we  have  made  it  plain,  that  there  is  continued  pro- 
gress in  the  world,  and  we  firmly  believe  you  can  see 
in  the  future  that  man  is  destined,  sooner  or  later,  to 
be  perfect. 

We  can  see  that  this  awful  bugbea",  evolution,  was 
and  is  nothing  new.  It  is  nature  working  as  she  al- 
ways has — and  as  she  does  now,  and  she  always  will. 
If  we  do  a  piece  of  work,  it  will  be  according  to  the 
tools,  materials,  and  constructiveness.  Nature's  abil- 
ity is  always  the  same ;  but  the  sixty-four  materials, 
and  ten  agents,  always  varying,  never  the  same  at  dif- 
ferent times,  and  the  conditions  are  on  the  earth  quite 
different  what  they  were  millions  of  years  ago.  We 
do  not  know  what  those  conditions  were,  but  we  have 
no  doubt  they  have  materially  changed.  Man  is  a 
part  and  a  piece  of  nature  ;  he  was  formed  by  the  laws 
of  nature,  and  he  must  be  in  every  particular  in  ac- 
cordance with  nature.  If  he  was  not  in  harmony  with 
the  laws  of  nature,  he  would  suffer  and  die.  Yes,  it  is 
as  plain  as  the  sun  at  noon-day.  That  he  cannot  be 
anything  but  agreeing  with  nature;  and  also  the  work- 
ing of  his  mind  must  be  in  accordance  with  nature;  if 
not,  every  thing  will  go  wrong.  Then  it  is  plain  that 
we,  to  do  well,  must  know  the  laws  of  nature.  If  a  man 
wishes  to  invent  a  machine,  he  must  know  the  laws  of 
nature  on  that  branch  of  science.  He  has  to  study 
the  laws  of  nature  on  that  point,  and  if  he  does  not 
build  the  machine  in  consonance  with  the  laws  of  na- 
ture, it  will  not  work  as  desired.  But  all  know  that 
the  laws  of  nature  do  not  alter.  Those  ten  agents  al- 
ways work  the  same — yesterday,  to-day  and  forever. 
Then  you  can  plainly  see  that  of  all  studies,  choose  that 
of  nature.  It  is  the  only  art  that  is  perfect.  In  every 
art  and  science  it  requires  conformity  to  the  laws  of 
nature  to  succeed   in   them.     So  we  can  see  it  is  im- 


PROGRESS    TO     1880.  537 

perative  to  study  nature.  When  hurricanes,  and  tor- 
nadoes, and  earthquakes,  and  volcanoes,  that  lay  waste 
to  a  large  extent,  deal  death  and  destruction  to  the 
inhabitants,  by  thousands  and  tens  of  thousands,  that 
is  not  progress.  But  we  see  that  not  often  happens ; 
and  we  know,  and  it  is  plain  to  our  sight,  that  the 
march  of  progress  is  still  onward  and  upward.  Who 
will  undertake  to  say  that  the  balance  is  not  on  the 
side  of  progress,  a  hundred  to  one  ?  So  sometimes  we 
do  not  have  rain  for  a  long  time,  and  vegetation  is 
dried  and  scorched,  and  the  people  suffer  in  a  few 
places.  But  if  the  matter  is  examined,  the  good  in 
other  places  by  plenty  of  rain,  a  hundred  times  offsets 
the  damage. 

Attraction,  capillary.  This  is  attraction  which  acts 
in  small  hair-like  tubes,  and  is  very  important  in  vege- 
tables, in  raising  the  sap  in  them  ;  but  it  is  not  the 
principal  force  that  raises  the  sap.  Chemical  attrac- 
tion, operating  on  the  leaves,  does  the  great  part  in  rais- 
ing the  sap.  Evolution  and  progress  are  so  nearly  al- 
lied that  they  cannot  be  separated.  Evolution  is  the 
work  done  by  the  agents  of  nature  on  the  materials 
presented,  and  that  work  after  it  is  finished,  or  as  it  is 
partly  finished,  is  progress.  Evolution  is  the  immate- 
rial spiritual  work,  and  when  the  material  is  moulded 
in  shape,  then  it  is  progress.  Evolution  is  the  unfold- 
ing of  the  bud,  the  unseen  work  of  the  agents  of  na- 
ture, and  the  result  is  progress.  But  as  noticed  be- 
fore, that  may  not  be  useful ;  and  then,  like  the  thous- 
ands of  extinct  animals,  it  will  be  rejected,  and  lost. 
That  will  be  when  the  work  is  incongruous  with  the 
surrounding  perfect  environments.  As  nothing  can 
exist  in  discordance  with  the  materials  previously 
formed,  nature  demands  harmony  in  her  work,  and  as 
stated  above,  if  it  is  not  so,  she  discards  it.  As  in  veg- 
etables, the  sick  and  diseased,  the  weak  and  imperfect 
perish.  Nature  has  but  one  law  for  all,  if  they  cannot 
live  by  that  law,  they  must  die  ;  nature  cannot  nurse; 
the  law  must  be  obeyed,  or  death  is  the  result.  No 
sympathy  is  in  nature,  all  is  law.     If  the  surrounding 


538  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

circumstances  and  the  inherent  system  are  favorable^ 
then  evolution  produces  progress  ;  otherwise,  not :  and 
if  the  outward  and  inherent  conditions  for  a  long  time 
are  favorable,  then  a  highly  organized  being  will  be 
evolved,  and  progress  will  be  plainly  seen.  So,  when 
the  stock  grower  neglects  his  animals,  and  they  have 
no  shelter  from  cold  and  storms,  and  if  sufficient  food 
is  not  given  to  them,  they  will  deteriorate,  and  it  will 
be  as  the  vegetable.  They  are  governed  by  the  same 
law.  Nature  shows  no  respect  for  one  of  her  produc- 
tions ;  she  shows  no  partiality;  there  is  but  one  law  for 
all.  Again,  if  the  stock  grower  takes  extra  care  of  hi^ 
animals  in  every  particular,  and  has  good  stock  to 
start  from,  he  will  produce  an  extra  herd  of  animals  ; 
and  if  that  line  is  followed  for  a  long  time,  the  breed 
will  be  materially  improved.  Every  person  knows  that 
man  can  present  the  materials  to  nature.  Evolution 
will  make  progress  out  of  them,  if  proper;  if  not,  retro- 
cession will  follow. 


CHAPTER  XXXIV. 

POLITICS. 

The  aristocratic,  codfish,  black  Republican  thief  and 
drone  spends  his  time  in  idleness,  luxury,  feasting, 
and  midnight  orgies,  and  Ithvphalic  licentiousness. 
His  money  costs  him  nothing;  he  steals  it.  But  the 
poor  workingman  has  to  labor  from  sunrise  and  before 
until  after  dark,  for  less  than  half  of  what  he  should 
have.  He  cannot  travel  to  see  a  friend,  or  the  improve- 
ment of  a  place;  his  family  lives  in  want,  poverty, 
wretchedness,  and  destitution  ;  the  pangs  of  hunger 
oppress  them  daily.  None  of  the  comforts  of  life  can 
he  have.  The  aristocratic  thief  has  stolen  his  surplus 
earnings;  he  has  to  live  on  what  little  the  thief  may 
leave  for  him,  and  that  is  a  trifle ;  his  children  half  na- 
ked, and  no  shoes,  and  they  have  not  half  of  the  food 
they  should  have.  The  thief  wastes  more  in  his  family 
than  he  has  left  for  the  poor  workingman.      And  the 


POLITICS.  539 

thief  is  continually  lessening  the  wages  of  the  working- 
man,  so  he  can  keep  him  in  bondage.  He  fears  that 
the  workingman  will  assert  his  rights  and  cut  his  steal- 
ing entirely  off;  so  he  will  have  to  go  to  work  or 
starve.  And  work  he  will  not,  as  his  forefathers  never 
did  any  work  before  him.  We  say  that  the  working- 
man  is  a  great  fool,  to  bear  the  expense  of  keeping 
those  good-for-nothing  moths  in  idleness,  luxury,  mag- 
nificence, and  ease.  How  long,  workingman,  are  you 
going  to  be  at  the  enormous  expense  of  keeping  the 
liars,  thieves,  drones,  robbers,  plunderers,  extortioners, 
and  letchers  ?  The  codfish  black  Republican  aristoc- 
racy take  most  of  the  earnings  of  the  workingman, 
say  two-thirds.  What  fools  the  workingmen  and  slaves 
are,  to  work  for  nothing  for  the  vile  scoundrels.  Read 
the  bill  carefully.  We  asked  a  black  Republican  if  a 
man  who  upheld  the  manufacturers  in  taking  thirty- 
seven  per  cent,  from  the  people  on  their  capital  was  a 
good  citizen.  He  answered  that  he  was  not.  Out  of 
their  own  mouths  you  can  condemn  them.  But  what 
good  does  that  do  ?  They  are  sworn  slaves,  and  de- 
termined and  resolved  to  give  the  property  to  a  few 
scamps,  to  spite  their  opponents,  the  Democrats.  But 
it  is  hard  to  believe  such  fanaticism,  nefariousness, 
atrocity,  and  infatuation  and  heinousness,  but  it  is 
plain  they  are  doing  so,  and  their  fathers  did  so  before 
them.  Aristocracy  has  done  nothing  but  steal  imme- 
morially. 

We  cannot  understand  the  character  of  a  man,  ex- 
cept we  consider  ourselves  in  his  frame  of  mind  and 
environment.  And  if  the  aristocracy  should  do  so  in 
judging  the  workingman,  they  would  do  better  judg- 
ing. The  aristocracy  have  set  bad  examples  of  lying 
and  stealing  and  robbing,  and  then  cry  Thief.  The 
black  Republican  thieves  have  the  advantage  of  steal- 
ing slyly,  furtively,  secretly,  and  the  people  do  not  know 
how  it  is  done.  We  say  to  the  people.  Read  this  book 
and  learn  how  they  steal  your  money.  Any  man  can 
learn  how  it  is  done.  If  you  do  not  learn  it  on  the 
first  time,  read  again,  till  you  understand  how  the  in- 


540  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

fernal  scamps  get  your  property.  If  a  man  is  placed 
among  the  savages,  he  will  become  more  or  less  sav- 
age, and  if  a  man  is  placed  among  thieves,  he  will  as- 
similate in  a  greater  or  less  degree.  So  when  an  in- 
fernal aristocracy  teach  stealing,  lying,  robbing,  by 
both  precept  and  example,  the  people  will  become  con- 
taminated in  a  measure,  as  they  have ;  and  it  was  a 
grievous  mistake  to  put  the  diabolicals  in  office.  We 
tell  you  again,  if  a  man  was  raising  a  fine  lot  of  sheep 
and  poultry,  he  might  as  well  shut  wolves  and  coyotes 
in  the  yard  with  them,  as  to  elect  an  infernal,  black 
Republican,  codfish,  aristocratic  scamp  to  ofHce. 
Many  that  do  not  see  how  the  stealing  was  done,  will 
soon  learn.  But  the  fool  says  that  it  cannot  be,  that 
they  could  steal  the  whole  country  and  the  people 
not  know  it.  The  fool  will  never  know  how  it  was 
done,  but  the  man  who  has  ordinary  sense  will  see  it, 
and  when  the  people  see  it,  then  woe  to  the  internals. 
We  counsel  peace,  but  this  is  unendurable — to  steal 
all  you  have,  and  at  the  same  time  pretend  to  love  the 
country  and  be  your  friend  !  What  treacherous,  ly- 
ing and  infernal  villains  they  are  !  A  man  is  good  if 
all  have  the  goodness  to  be  kind  to  him.  In  old  times 
aristocrats  slaughtered  their  enemies,  and  revenge  was 
taken  by  their  enemies.  The  chiefs  of  barbarians  are 
no  better  than  the  common  barbarians.  So  in  Russia 
all  are  alike  swindlers,  from  the  prince  marshal,  who 
cheats  the  troops  out  of  their  rations,  the  officers,  who 
rob  the  Emperor  of  his  stores,  the  magistrates,  who 
require  bribing  before  they  will  act,  the  police,  who 
have  secret  treaties  with  the  thieves,  the  shop-keepers, 
who  boast  of  their  successful  trickeries,  down  to  the 
post-masters  and  dhrosky  drivers,  with  their  endless 
impositions.  In  some  country,  while  the  people  had 
faction  fights,  the  gentry  were  dueling. 

We  could  write  volumes  of  the  like  of  this,  but  this 
will  prove  what  mercenary  villains  aristocracy  has  al- 
ways been.  But  what  seems  mysterious,  and  unac- 
countable to  us,  that  the  four  millions  thieves  apothe- 
osise  the  infernal  scamps.     How  can  it  be  that  such 


POLITICS.  541 

infernals  are  deified  by  brutes,  in  the  shape  of  human 
beings?  Such  is  a  black  Republican  ophidian  in  all 
countries  ;  and  they  are  a  band  of  wolves,  who  seek 
to  devour  their  own  class.  The  aristocracy  have  been 
an  inestimable  and  an  immensity  of  damage  to  society. 
But  yet,  it  is  questionable  whether  they  are  or  not  cul- 
pable for  the  good  they  might  have  done.  The  royal 
arch  aristocrat,  John  Adams,  said  the  poor  are  destin- 
ed to  labor,  but  the-rich,  by  their  superior  advantages 
of  leisure  and  education,  they  are  fitted  for  his/her  sta- 
tions.  Now,  if  these  advantas^es  of  leisure  and  educa- 
tion  were  used  for  the  benefit  of  the  race,  instead  of 
using  those  advantages  to  rob,  steal,  lie,  swindle,  cheat, 
it  would  have  been  much  better,  both  now,  and  in  the 
future,  for  the  race  and  for  the  people,  than  it  has 
been.  And  if  they  had  acted  like  human  beings,  and 
put  the  shoulder  to  the  wheel  of  the  new  government, 
they  would  have  been  happier ;  but  they  acted  ac- 
cording to  their  barbarous  instincts  to  rob  the  people 
like  bucaneers ;  and  they  acted  as  the  venomous  ar- 
istocracy always  have  acted,  and  are  doing  yet. 
Workingman,  you  can  now  plainly  see  the  complete 
and  perfect  iniquity  of  this  vindictive  and  rancorous 
and  malevolent  aristocracy,  to  satisfy  yourselves  of 
the  ineffable  iniquity,  and  transcendent  infamy,  and 
unparalleled  atrocity,  and  unequaled  villainy,  to  in- 
duce you  to  see  their  utter  incapacity,  and  dishonesty 
to  govern  this  great  people.  And  no  other  mode  is 
left  but  to  take  charge  of  the  great  ship,  and  man  her 
for  the  benefit  of  the  people,  so  that  we  may  have 
what  the  father  of  Democracy  intended  when  he  said, 
"  Equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men."  Land  monop- 
oly is  the  curse  of  nearly  all  countries.  The  aristoc- 
racies have  seen  that  the  surest  way  to  checkmate  a 
people  is  to  take  all  or  nearly  all  the  land.  Then  the 
people  have  no  place  to  stand,  to  lie  down,  or  sit,  ev- 
en ;  and  the  kings  gave  all  they  well  could  to  the  favor- 
ites, and  the  fools  never  saw  the  game.  Land  is  rent- 
ing as  high  as  twenty  dollars,  and  some  would  sell  at 
one  thousand  dollars  an  acre. 


542  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Money  is  wealth,  was  the  cry  of  the  legislator  and 
Mammon  worshiper,  and  money  is  king,  says  the  egre- 
gious dunce.  Not  so.  If  you  think  of  it  a  minute, 
you  will  see  that  is  an  unparalleled  mistake.  This 
country  has  about  one  billion  dollars  in  money,  and 
nearly  fifty  billions  of  dollars  in  other  property  ;  nearly 
say  fifty,  in  property,  land,  goods,  utensils,  animals, 
buildings,  fences,  furniture,  and  other  valuables,  fifty 
to  one.  Now,  which  of  the  two.  is  the  wealth  of  a 
country,  the  least  or  the  greatest  property }  Now, 
when  the  money  goes  out  of  a  country,  it  is  only  an  in- 
dication that  we  are  deficient  in  some  things.  The 
balance  of  trade  may  be  against  us  one  or  two  hun- 
dred millions,  and,  very  likely,  at  the  same  time,  we 
(all  the  country)  accumalated  billions  of  valuable  prop- 
erty. As  a  farmer  may  buy  thousands  of  stock,  and 
pay  cash  for  them,  is  he  any  poorer?  No,  he  is  richer. 
He  would  not  buy  the  stock  unless  he  was  satisfied 
that  it  was  worth  more  than  the  cash.  And  some  silly 
gulls  think  a  fire  in  a  great  city  is  good  to  make  busi- 
ness active.  And  some  goslings  think  that  withdraw- 
ing funds  from  circulation  by  the  monopolists  is  no 
damage  to  the  country.  The  matter  is  plain  ;  say 
there  is  one  tenth  of  the  funds  of  a  city  withdrawn, 
then  there  would  be  but  some  less  active  business  done. 
And  again,  some  swelled-head  political  economist  says, 
that  the  revenues  of  the  land  grabbers  do  not  form 
any  deduction  from  the  means  of  society.  Horrible ! 
The  black  Republican  may  as  well  say  that  if  the 
banks,  manufactories,  railroads,  should  take  all  the 
money  in  the  country,  it  would  not  injure  the  poor 
workingman.  Shame,  that  a  man  should  write  on  po- 
litical economy  and  advance  such  tenets.  We  suspect 
no  man  in  his  right  mind  can  believe  such  doctrine. 
He  may  have  had  some  filthy  lucre  applied  to  his 
itchy  palm.  Any  man  knows  that  the  more  equal  the 
distribution  of  property  naturally  takes  place,  the  more 
happiness  is  diffused  among  the  people  ;  and  if  the  few 
thieves  get  nearly  all  the  property,  then  there  is  pov- 
erty, distress,  misery,  pauperism,  woe,  hunger,  want, 


POLITICS.  543 

starvation.     So  now  it  is  in  Europe,  and  getting  so  in 
this  country. 

Workingman,  beware  that  you  take  pains  to  know 
the  political  character  and  color,  before  you  vote  for 
him  at  the  primary  elections.  The  meeting  at  the 
primary  should  appear  like  elections,  as  the  people 
should  turn  out  in  great  numbers.  And  do  noc  let  a 
knave  get  the  start.  It  is  generally  easier  to  defeat 
a  scamp  in- the  start,  than  to  defer  until  election  ;  and 
in  that  manner  many  sawnies  complain  of  high  taxa- 
tion, and  at  the  same  time  are  voting  for  men  whose 
interest  it  is  to  have  high  taxes,  such  as  pensioners 
and  pension  agents,  army  ofificers ;  or  those  who  want 
class  legislation,  such  as  a  tariff  three  times  as  high  as 
it  should  be  for  the  very  purpose  they  pretend  they 
want  it  for  (protection).  Ten  per  cent,  no  doubt  will 
protect  them,  but  the  tariff  is  from  forty  to  fifty  per 
cent.,  and  the  silly  serf  pays  the  thief  all  he  can  earn. 
The  factories  make  from  forty  to  fifty  per  cent,  on 
their  capital,  and  pay  the  laborers  on  an  average  one 
dollar  a  day,  and  the  laborers  shave  to  board  them- 
selves. The  four  million  thieves  and  lying  slaves  are 
satisfied  if  their  masters  are  getting  nearly  all  the 
money,  if  they  have  to  live  on  half  allowance.  And 
many  of  the  workingmen's  wages  are  constantly  going 
down.  Many  men  are  now  working  for  fifty  cents  to 
sixty-five  and  seventy-five  cents  a  day,  and  pay  their 
own  board.  Yet  many  think  that  the  lying,  swindling, 
thieving,  cheating,  robbing,  black  Republican,  codfish 
aristocracy,  and  an  ignorant,  unjust,  immoral  scamp  at 
that,  is  the  friend  of  the  working  man.  Do  not  be  de- 
ceived. No  class  of  men  are  more  opposed  to  the  la- 
boring man  than  the  vile  and  villainous  aristocrat.  Be- 
ware of  the  gull-catcher;  he  lives  on  your  labor  illegit- 
imately acquired.  He  is  a  predacian,  a  man-eater,  a 
cannibal,  a  wolf  in  sheep's  clothing.  He  toils  not,  yet 
he  lives  on  the  cream  and  honey  of  the  land,  and 
gives  no  remuneration  for  what  he  receives ;  that  is, 
if  it  is  closely  scanned.  What  do  you  think  of  thirty- 
seven  per  cent.,  forty-six  percent, forty-seven  percent..? 


544  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

What  do  you  think  of  it,  and  five  billions  of  fictitious 
stock  held  by  the  railroads,  for  which  the  people  pay 
interest  and  profits  and  dividends,  and  banks  taking 
twenty  millions  a  year  surreptitiously  out  of  the  pock- 
ets of  the  people  :  and  then  do  you  think  that  is  equal 
justice  to  all  ?     Consider  the  question. 

Many  fools  think  that  the  high  tariff,  by  making  the 
factories  rich,  enriches  the  country.  The  fool  does  not 
think  that  the  people  have  to  pay  the  bill, » and  as  the 
tariff  man  has  more  the  people  have  less  Say  there  is 
fifty  billions  of  property  in  the  country  and  fifty  mil- 
lions of  people,  then  each  on  an  average  has  one  thou- 
sand. But  suppose  that  the  internals  had  passed  a  law 
that  transferred  25  billions-  of  the  property  into  the 
hands  of  five  millions  of  men ;  then  the  five  millions 
of  men  would  average  five  thousand  apiece,  and  there 
would  be  25  billions  left  for  the  45  millions,  and  they 
would  have  ^^555. 55  cents  apiece  for  the  45  millions. 
This  is  the  infernal  work  aristocracy  is  doing  at  pres- 
ent. The  government  cannot  make  money  ;  the  people 
work  and  make  it;  but  the  infernal  scamps  can  trans- 
fer the  property  from  the  people  by  class  laws,  into  the 
coffers  of  the  vile  aristocracy,  and  that  they  are  doing. 
So  it  is  plain,  that  a  government  can  make  the  rich 
richer  and  the  poor  poorer,  and  that  is  their  nefarious 
occupation.  Now,  workingman,  you  can  see  how  your 
labor  goes.  You  may  get  up  from  your  scanty  meal 
before  the  streaks  of  Aurora  shine  in  the  east,  and 
waste  your  heart's  blood  (and  we  say  waste  because 
you  get  no  reward  or  requital,  as  you  should,  for  your 
continuous  exertions),  in  severe  travail,  toil  and  hard 
labor,  until  evening's  twilight,  and  get  your  scanty  earn- 
ings, about  one-third  you  should  have;  and  the  purse- 
proud  imp  gets  the  other  two-thirds  of  your  earnings, 
and  does  nothing,  How  do  you  like  such  strategy, 
working-man  }  We  think  it  is  high  time  you  unite,  and 
turn  out  the  thieves  to  grass,  and  take  possession  your- 
self. Do  not  listen  to  the  lying  thief,  he  will  lie  you 
out  of  it  if  you  do.  And  we  will  tell  you  a  truth 
which  should    put  you  on  your  guard.      It  is   this.     A 


POLITICS.  545 

fool  will  believe  a  lie  sooner  than  he  will  the  truth. 
First  find  out  the  truth  and  then  adhere  to  it;  and  you 
know  that  the  infernal  black  Republican  scamp  has 
robbed  the  people  always.  And  we  asked  the  black 
fanatic  if  they  had  quit  robbing,  and  he  answered, 
"  They  have  not."  And  of  another  imp  I  asked,  if 
that  was  a  good  citizen  who  helped  to  take  thirty  per 
cent,  out  of  the  people  ?  He  answered,  that  they  were 
not. 

The  fool  thinks  the  government  can  make  the  coun- 
try rich  by  issuing  bank  notes,  and  give  them  to  villain- 
ous aristocracy  to  use  for  nothing,  as  they  are  doing  at 
present.  They  have  given  them  nearly  ^350,000,000, 
three  hundred  and  fifty  mi-Uions  of  dollars.  True,  they 
enriched  the  merciless  marauderers,  but  the  money  came 
out  of  the  people ;  they  had  to  swing  the  sledge  and 
follow  the  plough  from  day  to  day,  and  the  infernal 
aristocrat  got  the  benefit  of  it.  They  had  to  stand  at 
the  threshing  machine,  from  thirteen  to  fourteen  hours 
a  day,  at  the  very  hardest  work,  and  the  diabolicals 
got  the  benefit  of  it.  But,  says  the  infernal,  the  work- 
ingman  should  not  vote,  he  is  ignorant ;  when  the  ar- 
istocrat is  the  most  ignorant  class  in  the  coun- 
try. You  will  not  find  a  good  doctor,  lawyer,  man  of 
science,  engineer,  or  artist  among  them ;  that  is  plain 
enough  ;  their  occupation  is  to  steal  the  money  from 
the  people.  They  have  to  worship  Mammon  ;  they 
have  no  time  to  do  such  an  unprofitable  business  as 
studying  the  arts  and  sciences.  No,  they  have  their 
minds  occupied  in  laying  schemes  to  rob,  steal,  lie  and 
plunder,  and  they  do  well  at  that  infernal  business. 
They  get  the  money,  and  if  they  want  professional 
services,  they  employ  a  man,  and  pay  him  of  the  mon- 
ey they  stole.  They  never  invent  anything,  but  are  on 
the  watch  to  appropriate  anything  new  to  their  own 
pockets.  The  common  people  know  more  about  the 
machinery,  than  the  tartarean  reptiles.  They  have 
made  the  most  miserable  work  with  the  different  gov- 
ernments  that  could  be  done;  and  yet  they  who  have 
not  made  and  governed  a  single  aristocracy  asit  should 


546  THE  workingman's  guide. 

be  done;  who  have  killed  fathers,  mothers,  sisters, 
brothers,  relatives,  friends  and  people ;  and  slaughter- 
ed billions  of  men,  women  and  children,  in  cold  blood; 
stolen  more,  yes,  many  times  more  money,  and  prop- 
erty and  valuables,  than  the  whole  world  is  worth. 
Men  who  have  slaughtered,  of  their  own  race,  more 
men  than  the  whole  population  of  the  globe  contains 
today.  And  yet  the  infernal  barbarians  say,  Democ- 
racy has- been  jfouiid  a  failure  !  They  have  the  brass 
and  infamy  to  say  anything- — men  who  have  acted  as 
they  have  done,  and  have  presumption  to  say  Democ- 
racy cannot  stand.  Has  aristocracy  been  a  bane  to 
the  world  t 

The  government  in  the  United  States  goes  by  the 
name  of  a  republic ;  but  strictly  speaking,  practically, 
it  is  a  secret  aristocracy  of  the  worst  tartarean  kind. 
It  is  run  entirely  for  the  benefit  of  a  few,  who  take 
most  of  the  money  that  is  made  in  the  whole  country. 
They  have  stolen  more  than  the  country  is  worth  in 
the  last  twenty-four  years,  and  yet  they  have  the  au- 
dacity to  say  that  democracy  will  not  stand;  that  is  to 
say,  that  honest  government  cannot  stand  ;  that  a  gov- 
ernment giving  equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men 
would  go  under.  Having  no  moral  principle,  no  soul, 
being  entirely  immersed  in  mendacity,  they  do  not  re- 
spect their  word  more  than  they  do  that  of  a  Hotten- 
tot. The  truth  is,  aristocracy  is  all  of  fifty  thousand 
years  old,  and  democracy  less  than  five  thousand  years 
old,  that  is,  ten  to  one.  Democracy  is  in  politics  what 
honesty  is  in  morals,  the  elevated  government.  Aris- 
tocracy is  the  bohon  upas  of  the  world.  It  has  stolen 
the  world  many  times  over,  and  it  should  be  pushed 
into  oblivion,  never  again  to  be  heard  from.  The  im- 
mense thorn  in  the  heart  of  the  black  republican,  vile, 
codfish  aristocracy  is  honest  government ;  that  is  de- 
mocracy, that  will  kill  the  brutes  in  time,  we  will  as- 
sure you.  As  yet,  the  most  perfect  government  in  the 
world  is  in  its  infancy;  that  is,  one  that  gives  equal 
and  exact  justice  to  all  men.  The  ancient  democra- 
cies were  nothing  but  an  essay,  an  attempt,  an  exper- 


POLITICS.  547 

iment  to  build  up  an  honest  government,  and  it  has 
met  with  the  stern  opposition  of  the  thieves  at  all 
times.  They  are  the  implacable  foes  of  honest  gov- 
ernment in  all  countries.  They  are  Belial's  vilest  and 
basest  tools,  and  unaccountable  and  unalloyed  demons. 
The  infernal  black  Republicans  cojmnit  the  vilest 
crimes,  and  then  call  their  betters  thieves.  We  can 
plainly  see  that  a  high  form  of  government  is  only  at- 
tainable by  people  of  the  highest  moral  character. 
The  good  men  only  can  establish  democracy,  as  they 
did  this  government,  and  tartarean  demons  will  always 
work  to  pull  it  down.  The  greatest  calamity  that  ev- 
er happened  to  this  country  is  the  administration  of 
black  Republicans.  It  put  the  country  back  more 
than  a  hundred  years  in  morals. 

But  it  says  the  parasite  and  thief  Democracy  has 
been  tried  and  failed ;  so  has  every  good,  and  impor- 
tant, and  valuable  thing  failed  on  the  first  trial.  But 
by  perseverance  and  industry,  it  was  done  and  per- 
fected. So  it  will  be  with  Democracy;  it  will  yet  be 
the  form  of  government  of  the  world ;  and  black  Re- 
publican, vile,  codfish  aristocracy  will  go  to  the  sau- 
rians  to  keep  them  their  like  company,  and  be 
extinct,  and  be  seen  no  more.  But  in  history,  the 
Democrats  are  endeavoring  to  establish  honest  gov- 
ernment; but  the  infernal  thieves  oppose  it  at  every 
step,  and  block  the  wheels  of  the  democratic  car. 
But  still  the  car  is  destined  to  mount  all  impediments, 
and  arrive  at  its  goal,  honest  government.  Watch 
and  look  at  all  the  moves  the  diabolical  scamps,  the 
aristocrats  have  made ;  the  lies  they  have  told  ;  the 
yotes  they  have  bought;  and  see  the  villainy  of  aristoc- 
racy. Democracy  is  one  of  the  higher  social  forms  ;  is 
in  perfect  accord  with  moral  sense.  A  virtuous  people 
can  establish  Democracy.  Black  Republican,  cod- 
fish aristocracy  cannot  establish  such  government,  be- 
cause there  is  nothing  but  evil  in  them.  Rob,  steal, 
and  plunder  is  their  motto  for  forty  generations ;  and 
one  element  cannot  be  transformed  into  another  as 
oxygen  cannot  be  changed  into  carbon  ;   nor  can  car- 


548"  THE  workingman's  guide. 

bon  be  transformed  into  hydrogen.  A  black  Repub- 
lican is  a  voluntary  slave,  and  all  the  reason  in  Euclid 
could  never  change  him;  he  has  volunteered  for  life, 
to  steal  for  a  tartarean  aristocracy,  and  it  is  highly 
probable,  sworn  to  be  a  thief  for  aristocracy.  If  the 
proper  principles  are  developed  in  the  minds  of  the 
people,  a  Democracy  will  be  a  spontaneous  growth. 
When  fealty  to  a  lord  was  considered  a  duty  as  of  old, 
then  no  liberal  movement  could  be  successful.  Do 
the  Egyptians,  Persians,  Hindoos,  Chinese,  Russians, 
and  Austrians  strike  for  a  Democracy  .-^  We  do  not 
learn  that  they  make  an  effort.  In  ancient  times  the 
rights  of  man  were  not  thought  of;  and  the  infernal 
aristocracy  will  not  talk  of  the  rights  of  man,  only  to 
pull  the  wool  over  your  eyes.  Slavery  is  his  idea;  not 
bodily  slavery,  but  that  class  legislation  that  takes 
your  money,  and  you  do  not  know  how  it  was  done. 
And  it  makes  you  poor  indeed ;  then  you  are  a  slave, 
a  dependent,  a  subject,  a  serf,  a  pauper ;  and  the  world 
does  not  furnish  a  more  helpless  thing. 

In  those  governments  just  mentioned  they  would 
shun  and  despise  a  man  who  should  vindicate  the 
rights  of  man,  and  so  it  is  with  the  infernal  aristocra- 
cy in  this  country.  Their  whole  aim  is  to  subvert 
this  government.  And  they  take  the  means  to  ac- 
complish it.  Take  away  the  lands  from  the  people  and 
then  their  money,  and  what  can  they  do  in  any  art,  sci- 
ence, or  social  state  }  Nothing,  certainly  nothing  ;  and 
that  is  what  the  tartarean,  diabolical,  stygian,  and  de- 
monian  Abaddons  are  doing.  And  the  readers,  no 
doubt,  can  see  that  money  and  land  make  all  things 
move;  without  them,  all  is  but  stagnation,  poverty, 
and  distress,  and  no  business.  There  the  demons  are 
taking  us  to.  Can  any  man  be  so  vile  as  to  say  all 
this  is  not  true  ?  Yes,  the  four  millions  of  fools,  slaves, 
helots,  ryots,  proletariats,  and  serfs  to  aristocracy  will 
deny  it.  They  will  deny  their  very  existence,  if  it  is 
for  the  benefit  of  the  diabolical,  codfish,  aristocratic 
thieves.  In  ancient  times,  revolutions  were  to  change 
dynasties.     But    in    later    times,    they    were    for   the 


POLITICS.  549 

rights  of  the  people.  We  see  declarations  of  rights, 
liberty  of  the  press,  demands  for  a  constitution,  reduc- 
tion of  taxation,  reduction  of  the  tariff,  and  opposition 
to  class  legislation  and  monopolies,  and  equal  taxation  ; 
and  we  see  this  spirit  moving  forward  universally. 
All  can  see  improvement  in  governments.  Not  a  new 
constitution  is  formed,  but  what  gives  the  people  more 
rights.  Working  man,  prepare  yonrself  for  the  great- 
est revolution  that  has  ever  taken  place — the  utter 
overthrowing  of  the  infernal  aristocracy,  and  the  work- 
ing man  taking  all  the  offices.  The  time  will  surely 
come.  Such  an  incubus,  and  vile,  infamous  reptile,  the 
expense  of  which  the  people  have  been  fools  to  endure 
so  long,  they  will  cast  off  as  the  vilest  of  the  vile  ;  they 
cannot  bear  that  enormous  expense,  and  that  continu- 
ous contamination  of  society,  such  as  their  leaders 
teaching  the  people  "  that  there  is  no  honest  man."  It 
is  time  that  they  were  cast  into  oblivion  forever,  and 
let  honest  men  rule.  We  have  been  ruled  by  a  ring 
of  thieves  and  knaves.  They  say  there  is  no  honest 
man  ;  then  they  must  be  knaves  and  scoundrels,  a 
corollary  from  their  own  assertions  ;  their  own  words 
condemn  them.  But  how  can  it  be  that  men  will  up- 
hold such  scamps,  scoundrels,  serfs,  servants  of  aristoc- 
racy ?  This  is  a  hard  world,  or  the  infernal  aristoc- 
racy would  not  be  allowed  in  it. 

Moral  principle  is  the  chief  faculty  that  forms  a 
good  government ;  without  that,  government  is  a 
curse,  a  blight,  a  mildew,  an  utter  failure.  So  the 
foundation  of  good  government  is  moral  principle,  and 
none  of  that  has  been  exhibited  by  the  black  infer- 
nals.  Their  motto  is  "Rob,  steal  and  plunder,"  and 
they  have  practiced  that  for  tens  of  thousands  of 
years,  and  they  have  become  experts  at  it,  and  they 
certainly  should.  Practice  makes  perfect.  To  pre- 
serve liberty  the  people  must  be  watchful  of  their  lib- 
erties. Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price  of  liberty.  But 
the  four  millions  will  deny  that,  as  they  will  deny  any- 
thing that  does  conflict  with  the  interest  of  their  mas- 
ters, the  villainous   aristocracy.     If  a  people  have  no 


550  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

spirit  of  freedom  in  their  hearts,  then  they  can  be  cor- 
rupted and  bribed.  They  are  careless,  indifferent  in 
the  exercise  of  the  franchise.  If  they  are  robbed  and 
cheated,  they  do  not  care.  It  is  the  honest,  upright 
and  truthful  and  independent  people  that  will  gain, 
maintain  and  preserve  such  a  priceless  jewel  as  De- 
mocracy, and  it  is  the  only  governmeat  that  will  bring 
happiness  to  the  people.  Aristocracy  is  destruction 
to  the  liberties  of  the  people.  Take  an  example : 
Many  men  move  with  their  families  in  a  newcountry*. 
They  have  no  aristocracy ;  all  are  equal ;  no  laws  to 
make  the  rich  richer  and  the  poor  poorer.  They  have 
to  work  hard,  it  is  true,  but  they  get  all  the  benefits  of 
their  labor.  No  strife,  no  bickerings,  no  contention  ; 
all  is  prosperity  and  peace.  Compare  this  country 
with  it  one  hundred  years  afterwards.  Aristocracy 
has  invaded  their  peacable  neighborhood.  The  ten 
engines  of  robbery  and  plunder  are  in  full  operation. 
Now  there  are  tramps,  paupers,  criminals,  and  the 
children  are  crying  for  bread.  Millionaires  are  plenty 
in  the  country ;  so  are  tramps  and  paupers.  It  takes 
more  than  the  average  of  one  thousand  of  the  money 
of  the  people  to  make  a  millionaire,  that  is,  it  takes 
the  average  money  of  more  than  one  thousand  men 
to  make  a  millionaire.  So  when  you  see  millionaires, 
you  will  see  thousands  of  tramps  and  paupers  ;  and 
yet  many  men  cannot  see  that  as  a  country  grows  old- 
er, the  few  get  rich  and  the  many  are  poor.  What 
does  this  infernal  thing  ?  We  can  tell  you.  Aristoc- 
racy comes  into  the  country,  and  steals  all  the  people 
have.  They  steal  their  land,  their  money,  their  stock, 
their  furniture,  reduce  wages,  raise  rent,  reduce  the 
people  to  poverty  and  destitution,  distress  and  misery. 
And  this  they  do  with  their  ten  engines  of  robbery, 
theft  and   plunder,  and  paupers  are  increasing. 

The  man  who  is  honest  values  his  freedom  more 
than  gold,  but  the  black  Republican  thief  and  liar  esti- 
mates gold  above  all  things  ;  that  is,  his  morning  and 
evening  devotions;  his  matin  prayers,  and  his  even- 
ing  petition.     Freedom    is    no  where    with    the    vile 


POLITICS.  551 

things;  the  four  million   thieves  and  liars  for  aristoc- 
racy.     Political  freedom  is  an  external  manifestation, 
proceeding  from    an    internal   principle — that    is  the 
principle  of  liberty,  which  is  adherent  in  the  breast  of 
the  Democrat.     The  aristocrat's  mind  cannot  reach  it. 
because  it    is    beyond    his  comprehension  ;    it  is  too 
high  for  him ;    he  cannot    soar  to  such  a  height ;  it 
would  make  him  dizzy,  and  he  would  fall  to  rise  no 
more.     He  has  no  conception  of  democracy  ;  he  hates 
it  because  then  he  could  not  steal  his  living,  as  he  has 
done  always ;  he  hates    the  people  ;  he  hates  the  hon- 
est men  ;  they  are  a  thorn  in    his  flesh ;  they  oppose 
stealing,  and  lying,  and  robbing ;  he  hates  them  ;  he 
hates  honesty  in  politics  ;  he   hates  those  who  refuse 
to  give  subsidies  ;  he  hates  those  who  do  not  walk  to 
the  line  that    he  chalks  for  them;  he  hates  those  he 
cannot  command  ;  he  is  a  malevolent  tyrant;  he  is  a 
brute  in  the  shape  of  a  man  ;  he  is  a  reptile  in  human 
form.     Beware  of   him;  shun   him  as  you  would   the 
Bohon  Upas.    The  lover  of  freedom  watches  his  rights 
as    a  miser  does   his  gold,  and  if  any  oppression,  he 
sees,  and  is  ready  to  nip  it  in  the  bud.      By  the  vigi- 
lance of  the  people  can  be  seen  the  respect  and  love 
they  bear  for  freedom.     If  people  are  sensible,  they  will 
not    allow     the  least    encroachments    ou    their    rights. 
Many  intrusions   the  infernal  black   Republican  infer- 
nals   have  made  on  the  rights  of    the  people,  for    the 
purpose    of   feeling    their  way  to  robbery,  theft,  and 
plunder;  and  the  people  being  fools  tolerated  it;  and 
the  next  step  was  more  oppressive  and  unconstitution- 
al ;  and  having  a  gang  of  fools  to  follow  them,  they  in 
that  manner  established  a  practical  despotism  in  this 
Republic.     They  stole  the  whole  country,  and  the  peo- 
ple apparently  were  satisfied.     We  tell  you,  working- 
man,  if  you  do  not  take  better  care  of  your  liberty  you 
will  certainly  lose  it.     Look  back  and  see  what  the 
people  have  said,  while  the  thieves  stole   the  country. 
If  a  wolf  was  in  a  farmer's  yard  taking  his  pigs,  would 
he  drive  him  away  }    And  this  government  is  still  more 
important. 


552  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

CHAPTER  XXXV. 

RIGHT    AND    WRONG. 

When  men  compare  their  views  on  this  subject, 
they  frequently  are  disagreeing.  One  says,  if  you  sell 
an  article  for  two  or  three  times  what  it  is  worth,  you 
have  done  right.  Another  says  you  have  swindled 
the  buyer.  We  say  it  is  no  better  than  stealing — and, 
in  fact,  it  is  stealing.  The  manufacturer  sells  his  ar- 
ticles at  an  enormous  price.  He  is  enabled  to  do  so, 
because  he  has  lied  to  his  constituents  that  such  tariff 
is  necessary  for  him  to  run  his  factory.  When  he 
made  forty-seven  per  cent,  on  his  capital,  who  will  be- 
lieve that  it  is  necessary  that  he  shall  clear  forty-seven 
per  cent,  to  run  his  factory.?  Here,  also,  men  will  be 
of  different  opinions.  The  serfs  and  parasites  of  the 
manufacturers,  the  four  millions  minions,  and  slaves, 
and  barbarians,  will  say  it  is  right,  what  their  masters 
are  doing.  Forty-seven  per  cent.,  they  say,  is  right. 
We  say  they  are  in  the  jungles  yet ;  their  moral  vision 
is  still  obscured,  and  will  never  be  right.  In  order  to 
have  a  moral  community,  the  individuals  must  first  be 
moral.  The  unit  must  first  be  virtuous;  the  seed  is 
sown  in  the  constitution  of  the  individual.  All  have 
more  or  less  of  it ;  some,  it  is  true,  have  only  the  pri- 
mordial cell,  say  the  four  millions.  They  have  an  atom 
of  moral  sense,  and  do  not  cultivate  it,  and  they  will 
die,  and  the  little  atom  will  die  with  them.  In  some 
persons  they  have  the  atom  dormant,  but  it  becomes 
manifest  at  some  future  time.  But  nothing  can  mani- 
fest itself  but  the  germ  which  existed  before.  The  mind 
has  an  organ  of  moral  sense,  and  if  the  individual  is 
desirous  of  cultivating  it,  it  will  grow.  One  person 
who  is  moral  may  awaken  dormant  morality  in  a  per- 
son who  is  careless  and  indifferent  on  the. subject.  So 
every  man  can  do  some  good  in  society;  some  more, 
others  less;  and  this  morality  is  the  highest  principle 
in  man.  And  we  might  say  it  is  in  its  infancy.  Many 
fools  and  fanatics  say  that  morals  are  not  progressing; 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  553 

but  such  men  do  not  notice  the  difference  in  the  mor- 
als of  the  people  two  thousand  or  more  years  ago,  and 
of  today.  But  do  not  think  that  we  intend  to  convey 
that  the  morals  of  this  age  are  anything  like  perfec- 
tion. The  barbarian  is  still  in  every  country,  and 
the  four  millions,  in  our  opinion,  are  most  all  bar- 
barians ;  and  many  of  them  think  all  men  are  bar- 
barians like  themselves,  and  say  there  are  no  honest 
nie7t  in  the  country.  That  is  black  Republican  tradi- 
tional teaching.  They  want  all  the  people  dishonest 
and  ignorant;  then  they  can  buy  them  up  like  swine 
in  a  sty.  We  say,  bad  as  the  world  is,  we  are  progress- 
ing in  morals.  But  the  progress  in  morals  is  slow,  but 
sure ;  still,  that  is  hopeful.  Some  do  not  see  the  pro- 
gress ;  they  are  dull,  and  as  they  do  not  advance,  they 
suppose  no  one  else  does.  But  do  not  despair.  The 
morals  of  the  world  are  progressing  onward  towards 
perfection.  The  law  by  which  it  progresses  we  can- 
not ascertain,  as  it  is  governed  by  the  conditions  and 
circumstances  in  the  case.  We  are  creatures  of  cir- 
cumstances, but  we  must  not  feel  discouraged  when 
morals  go  back.  The  last  twenty-four  years  they 
have  gone  back  more  than  one  hundred  years,  perhaps 
two  hundred — that  is,  in  this  country.  What  must  we 
think  of  the  infernal  reptiles  who  wish  us  to  go  back 
in  morals,  and  teach  it  traditionally  .f*  But  the  diabol- 
icals  will  not  have  their  wish.  Nature,  the  great  me- 
chanic, will  attend  to  that;  no  neglect  there,  no  par- 
tiality ;  there  is  no  high,  no  great,  no  small,  but  she 
works  alike  for  all,  and  she  makes  no  mistakes.  We 
have  different  organs  in  the  body,  that  perform  differ- 
ent functions,  and  we  are  not  conscious  of  it,  and  each 
organ  performs  its  separate  and  distinct  work.  So  it 
is  supposed  that  we  have  different  organs  in  the  mind, 
and  one  of  them  is  the  moral  sense,  the  duty  of  which 
is  to  tell  us  (according  as  it  has  progressed)  when  we 
do  right  and  when  we  do  wrong. 

It  is  not  pleasant  to  see  the  barbarism  of  men  in  so- 
ciety, who  think  it  is  smart  to  cheat,  and  lie,  and  steal ; 
but  we  must  say  that  we  think  that  he  is  a  fool,  a  bar- 


554  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

barian,  a  brake  on  the  car  of  progress;  the  sooner  he 
is  gone  the  better  for  the  people.  A  missionary  asked 
an  audience  what  was  the  highest  act  of  man.  Ail 
were  silent  for  a  short  time,  when  up  jumps  a  chief, 
and  says.  Steal  ox.  That  proved  a  low  state  of  his 
moral  sense.  So  we  have  men  in  Congress  with  no  bet- 
ter Tnoral  sense  than  the  chief,  who  will  side  and  act 
with  the  chief  if  a  trial  would  occur.  All  such  have 
not  progressed.  They  have  not  cultivated  the  moral 
sense.  But,  nevertheless,  we  tell  our  friends  there  is 
such  a  sense,  and  we  will  let  another  truth  seer  many 
of  our  four  million  minions  and  thieves,  that  the  man 
who  cultivates  that  moral  sense  to  the  greatest 
perfection  is  the  most  elevated  individual.  He  is 
the  greatest  man.  One  man  speaks  for  and  vindicates 
the  morals  of  a  man  ;  another  says,  "  I  thought  you 
knew  better,"  as  he  meant  that  morals  were  of  no 
worth.  But,  says  the  slippery  politician,  "  All  is  fair 
in  politics,"  and,  says  the  vile  reptile,  "The  Democrats 
have  no  rights  that  we  are  bound  to  respect."  He  man- 
ifested a  low  state  of  moral  sense.  Yet  after  these  are 
four  millions  that  have  no  visible  moral  sense.  Still 
there  is  no  doubt,  there  exists  a  moral  sense.  But 
there  are  men  who  say  there  is  no  such  a  sense  as 
moral  sense,  but  we  know  they  are  few  in  number. 
Ask  them  if  they  think  that  they  have  as  good  a  right 
to  have  justice  done  to  them  as  others  have;  they  will 
say  they  have.  Ask  them  how  they  know  it,  and  they 
do  not  know  what  to  say.  After  awhile  he  will  con- 
fess his  feeHngs  told  him  so;  that  is  the  moral  sense. 
If  it  is  right,  it  depends  on  its  previous  cultivation. 
All  honest  men  will  admit  there  is  such  a  faculty,  and 
from  the  dawn  of  the  primeval  man,  the  faculty  has 
constantly  been  present.  That  faculty  made  the  demand 
for  his  rich  inheritance,  that  will  never  fade  out  of  the 
human  breast.  "  Equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men."  It 
is  a  never-dying  sentiment,  that  will  be  in  the  breast  of 
man  when  the  infernal  aristocracy  has  gone  to  the 
t(jmb,  and  again,  "  All  men  are  created  equal."  The 
stars  will  drop  from  the  ethereal  sphere,  and  then  those 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  555 

sentiments  will  be  fresh  as  the  morning  rose.  The 
moral  sense  caused  white  slavery,  that  is,  white  bodily 
slavery,  to  become  extinct.  The  same  sacred  faculty 
will  take  the  infernal,  black  Republican,  codfish  aris- 
tocracy to  go  the  way  of  the  destructive  saurians,  never 
again  to  besmirch  this  telluric  sphere.  It  induced  our 
revolutionary  fathers  to  plant  a  tree  on  this  hemi- 
sphere, of  celestial  origin,  and  they  nursed  it,  and  it 
became  a  shadow  for  all  the  nations  of  the  earth,  and 
a  refuge  for  people  of  every  kingdom.  But  in  an  evil 
hour  a  viper  entered  its  vitals  and  poisoned  it,  and  ex- 
ecrated it,  and  beguiled  it,  and  begrimed  it,  and  be- 
fouled it,  and  set  it  back  more  than  one  hundred  years 
in  honor  and  virtue,  and  endeavored  to  crush  it  in  its 
ophidian  folds ;  but  the  tree  still  lives,  and  the  reptiles 
are  on  the  declivity  to  Tartarus,  and  may  they  go  with 
accelerated  speed,  and  land  in  the  bottom  of  Erebus, 
and  there  they  will  find  their  collaborators.  But  there 
they  will  not  be  permitted  to  play  first  violin,  or  even 
second  fiddle ;  they  can  be  scullions,  nothing  else.  That 
is  the  sense  that  engendered  the  sacred  spirit  of  dem- 
ocracy, and  will  wipe  out  as  clean  as  a  Winchester  the 
Bohon  Upas  of  the  world. 

All  will  concede  that  there  is  a  right  and  wrong  in 
human  acts,  and  a  long  time  ago  it  has  been  consider- 
ed that  the  different  faculties  and  propensities  have 
each  their  particular  position  in  the  brain;  and  the 
moral  has,  we  think,  the  right  to  a  position,  as  without 
it  we  would  be  a  lost  being.  We  tell  you  in  plain 
terms,  that  this  very  sense  will  save  us.  It  is  the  great 
theodolite  that  will  point  out  the  right  direction  for  us 
to  steer  our  frail  barks  ;  to  avoid  gulfs  and  winds, 
and  storms,  and  shoals,  and  rocks,  and  breakers.  Some 
poet  has  said  erroneously  that,  "  Though  fools  deride 
virtue,  they  honor  it  in  their  hearts."  We  are  satisfied 
that  they  are  sincere.  The  black  Republican,  barba- 
rian, codfish  aristocrat  is  sincere  when  he  says  there  is 
no  honest  man.  He  judges  others  by  himself.  And 
when  the  aristocrat  says  that  we  are  going  back  into 
barbarism,  as  we  have    heard  them  say,  he  believes 


556  THE  workingman's  guide. 

what  he  says,  and  it  is  quite  natural  that  he  should,  as 
he  is  so  steeped  in  sin  and  iniquity  (and  he  knows  him- 
self), that  he  is  satisfied  there  is  no  safe  landing  for 
him  but  in  barbarism  and  Erebus.  So  the  black  Re- 
publican who  said  all  is  fair  in  politics,  believed  what 
he  said ;  he  knew  he  could  not  do  what  is  fair,  so  the 
only  chance  for  him  was  to  have  a  pandemonium  in 
politic?,  and  then  there  would  be  a  chance  for  promo- 
tion for  them  all;  and  they  have  had  it,  and  taken  the 
country  to  perdition,  and  ruin,  and  perdue.  We  will 
say  to  the  earthly  mariner,  that  the  safest  ocean  for 
any  one  to  sail  on  is  the  moral  one,  and  with  the  great 
theodolite  he  will  be  sure  to  land  in  a  safe  harbor.  In 
no  other  mode  is  there  safety.  Let  the  black  Repub- 
lican scamps  say  what  they  will,  and  sail  over  the  Styx; 
do  not  heed  them  ;  they  will  come  to  a  bad  end,  and 
anchor  in  Tartarus.  Be  honest  and  upright,  always  tell 
the  truth,  deceive  no  one,  cheat  no  one,  always  do 
right  as  near  as  you  can.  The  gull-catcher  said  it  was 
right  to  take  a  great  price  for  an  article,  if  the  buyer 
consented  to  give  it;  but  we  cannot  help  but  believe 
that  it  is  wrong  to  take  a  penny  more  than  the  article 
is  worth.  So  we  must  say  that  all  monopolies  are 
swindles,  and  railroads  that  charge  double  fares  and 
freights,  and  use  part  of  the  money  to  gain  the  people 
to  their  interest,  is  double  immorality ;  and  they  who 
do  it  are  thieves  and  robbers,  and  laws  should  be  framed 
that  would  reach  them.  We  all  know  that  there  is 
a  monitor  that  informs  us  what  is  right  or  wrong.  But 
this  can  be  proved  by  asking  each  man's  opinion  of  a 
certain  bad  act — all  will  say,  that  is  bad — but  in  some 
cases  it  will  be  as  the  poet  says,  "  What  the  moral 
man  shrinks  at  with  affright,  the  hard  inhabitant  says 
is  but  right." 

The  people  are  growing  more  moral,  but  it  is  at  a 
slow  rate.  Read  this  book  for  two  hundred  pages,  and 
compare  it  then  and  now,  and  it  plainly  can  be  seen 
that  we  are  doing  better  than  we  were  doing  two  thous- 
and years  ago — gaining  in  every  art  and  science.  But 
the  aristocrat  says  we  are  going  back  in  morals.     Do 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  557 

not  believe  a  word  he  says  ;  he  wishes  to  degrade  you 
to  ig<norance  and  vice,  so  that  he  can  practice  his  arts 
of  lying,  stealing,  robbery,  and  plunder  on  you.  We 
say,  Be  careful  of  him,  he  will  degrade  you  so  he  can 
the  more  easily  immolate  you.  Look  out  for  your  in- 
terest and  liberty;  he  is  a  slave  maker,  and  a  slave 
catcher;  that,  and  stealing  and  robbing  is  his  occupa- 
tion. The  Indian  can  see  further  than  we,  but  in  in- 
tellectual vision  he  is  far  behind  the  white  man.  So 
with  the  other  senses ;  they  can  outdo  the  civilized 
person,  but  in  the  mental  powers  they  are  further  be- 
hind than  they  were  ahead  in  the  others.  The  Pol)^- 
nesian  tribes  believe  that  their  gods  feed  on  the  souls 
of  the  departed.  Their  morals,  no  doubt,  accord  per- 
fectly with  their  belief.  The  Tartars  leave  their  aged 
parents,  who  are  infirm,  to  die  of  hunger,  in  the  desert ; 
and  the  Fegee  Islanders  pilfer  of  each  other  in  the 
families,  and  the  cannibal  dines  on  a  roasted  captive. 
Nor  does  the  white  man  delight  to  see  a  victim  roast 
at  the  stake  ;  and  the  Hindoo  who  burns  his  wife,  that 
she  may  in  spirit  haunt  his  enemy.  And  Anax- 
agoras  had  to  flee  from  his  country  for  saying  that  the 
sun  was  not  the  chariot  of  the  deity  Helios.  The 
moderns  have  not,  as  the  Spartans,  taught  their  young 
warriors  to  assassinate  helots  for  practice.  Timour, 
the  Tartar,  slaughtered  one  hundred  thousand  prison- 
ers, and  built  a  pyramid  of  90,000  human  heads  on  the 
smoking  ruins  of  Bagdad ;  and  Attila,  who  totally  de- 
stroyed and  erased  seventy  cities;  and  Duke  Werner 
labelled  himself  in  silver  letters,  "  Lord  of  the  great 
company,  the  enemy  of  mercy,  of  piety,  and  of  God"  ; 
and  a  Queen  who  ordered  one  of  her  dancing-girls  to 
be  bricked  up  in  a  vault,  that  she  might  hear  her  vic- 
tim's dying  moans. 

And  now  on  looking  back  in  the  dark  and  distant 
gloom,  we  can  scarcely  believe  that  their  compo. 
nent  parts  were  composed  of  the  same  thirteen  ele 
ments  that  our  bodies  are  at  the  present  day.  But  so 
it  is;  they  were  built  up  by  nature  of  the  same  element- 
ary particles.  Cromwell's  body  was  taken  from  its  rest- 


558  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

ing  place,  and  his  head  stuck  on  Temple  Bar.  Church 
doors  were  covered  with  the  skins  of  men  who,  had 
committed  sacrilege.  Such  always  has  been  the  evil 
practice  of  the  aristocracy.  They  are  the  curse  of  the 
world;  they  have  caused  the  extinction  of  lost  civiliza- 
tions;  they  have  enervated  the  civilized  world.  Just  as 
the  people  become  prosperous  and  happy,  there  arises  a 
lying,  cheating,  venal  and  tartarean  aristocracy,  who  rule 
the  people  and  make  slaves  of  them.  So  the  four  mil- 
lions degraded  thieves  and  slaves,  they  do  the  ipse  dixit 
of  the  Mammon  worshipers,  and  they,  the  four  mil- 
lions, do  not  hesitate  to  think  what  is  right ;  all  they 
know  about  politics  is,  to  obey  the  command  of  their 
masters.  They  are  worse  slaves,  more  complete  than 
the  Southern  negroes  were,  they  are  under  complete 
bondage,  and  we  fear  that  the  whole  of  the  people  will 
be  enslaved.  But,  says  the  fool  black  Republican  unit, 
that  cannot  be  proved.  Read  the  bill.  In  twenty-four 
years  the  infernals  stole  more  property  from  the  peo- 
ple than  the  whole  country  was  worth ;  and  still  they 
yell  at  the  top  of  their  voices.  Our  party  has  won  the 
day.  They  have  not  as  much  sense  as  coyote  pups, 
they  know  where  their  food  is ;  but  the  four  million 
slaves  know  nothing  about  their  interests  politically; 
they  work  for  their  masters  ;  they  are  voluntary  slaves 
and  serfs.  One  of  their  leaders  left  them  :  he  said, 
''All  we  want  is  an  honest  government.  "  And  that  is 
true,  he  struck  the  key  note  that  is  the  first  principle 
in  government,  "Equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men." 
But  no  language  can  do  justice  to  a  class  of  men  who 
are  free,  but  voluntarily  go  into  slavery  ;  who  have  a 
fine  country  as  ever  the  sun  emit  his  rays  upon,  but 
gave  it  away  to  an  infamous  and  degraded,  infernal  and 
tartarus-deserving  Asmodean  wretches,  and  be  serfs, 
and  minions,  and  sycophants  and  fools,  that  do  not 
know  on  which  side  their  bread  is  buttered,  but  whose 
heart  is  at  enmity  with  their  country,  and  are  friends 
to  their  race. 

It  is  for  the  benefit  of  a  nation  that  they  are  moral 
and  upright ;  and  we  think  that  State  could  be  has- 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  559 

tened  by  the  inhabitants  resolving  that  they  would  do 
what  is  right.  It  is  the  will  that  does  start  the  act. 
If  the  will  is  easy  and  sluggish,  then  no  acfion  will  be 
produced.  The  man  says,  Perhaps  it  would  be  best 
to  go  to  town  today,  but  I  am  not  certain  what  to  do. 
I  have  not  made  up  my  mind.  Then  nothing  will  be 
done,  as  nothing  has  been  concluded  upon.  No  doubt, 
all  action  has  to  proceed  from  the  brain.  The  stimu- 
lus had  been  stored  up  there  previously,  or  had  been 
entered  from  the  outside.  Nothing  can  do  and  work 
of  itself;  there  must  be  some  other  help.  Some  per- 
son can  do  much  to  start  another  in  doing  evil ;  and 
also  one  can  do  much  in  starting  to  do  good.  When 
A  says  that  he  is  resolved  to  act  like  a  human  being 
should  ;  that  in  the  near  or  far  future  he  is  determined 
to  be  honest  and  upright ;  that  he  has  fully  made  up 
his  mind  that  he  will  wrong  no  man,  nor  take  a  penny 
from  any  person  only  what  is  strictly  right,  and  that  he 
means  what  he  says,  and  that  it  comes  from  the  inmost 
centre  ;  then  we  tell  you,  reader,  that  man  has  done 
a  great  work.  When  a  man  makes  such  a  declaration 
with  a  vehement  spirit,  more  than  half  of  the  moral 
work  is  done.  All.  he  has  afterwards  to  do  is  to  keep 
up  the  spirit,  and  see  that  the  good  work  goes  on.  We 
say  if  he  takes  such  a  resolution,  and  strenuously  ad- 
heres to  it,  he  never  will  regret  it ;  and  he  will  receive 
great  remuneration.  We  will  not  say  that  it  will  al- 
ways be  in  dollars  and  cents.  But  what  of  that  ?  Morals 
give  a  man  a  soul,  give  him  happiness,  give  him  con- 
tentment and  satisfaction,  give  him  self-confidence, 
which  filthy  lucre  can  never,  and  never  will  give,  and 
has  never  given.  Morals  are  not  to  be  considered  on 
a  plane  with  money.  It  is  infinitely  above  it ;  no  com- 
parison can  be  made.  We  wish  all  to  'consider  this 
question,  for  it  is  the  greatest  of  all  questions  ;  and 
make  up  your  minds  by  your  own  sense,  and  use  your 
own  brains ;  be  careful  not  to  hearken  to  any  of  the 
four  million  thieves  and  fools ;  each  has  to  be  respon- 
sible for  his  own  acts,  and  so  each  should  use  his  own 
faculties  to  come  to  a  conclusion  what  to  do  in  this 


560  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

important  matter.  Let  the  four  millions  serve  Abad- 
don. We  ^will  endeavor  to  do  what  is  right,  as  near 
as  we  know,  and  as  we  can  learn  how,  and  he  that 
seeks  the  true  way  diligently  will  surely  be  able  to  find 
it. 

A  long  time  people  have  been  studying  morals  and 
religion,  but  they  have  not  yet  found  out,  practically, 
the  true  road  to  journey  to  happiness  ;  and  out  of  the 
many  ways  that  are  recommended,  they  are  not  cer- 
tain that  they  have  found  the  true  way.  We  offer  an 
easy  and  short  direction  for  the  people  to  follow.  It 
is  this,"  Do  what  is  right."  Follow  that  direction  to  the 
best  of  your  ability,  and  you  will  find  peace  of  mind, 
tranquility,  and  a  satisfied  conscience.  Try  it.  The 
world  is  old  enough  to  produce  a  moral  and  honest 
government.  If  there  is  one,  we  are  not  able  to  say 
where  it  is.  Government  is  a  fraud,  that  enslaves  and 
robs,  and  cheats  the  people.  It  is  said  that  govern- 
ment is  instituted  to  protect.  That  is  an  arrant  lie; 
we  can  tell  you  what  it  is  conducted  for  now.  To  rob, 
and  cheat,  and  plunder  the  people,  and  to  protect  the 
knaves,  and  robbers  and  swindlers  in  that  business,  as 
these  are  a  craft  that  do  nothing  else.  We  can 
plainly  see  that  government  does  not  square  with  our 
system  of  morals.  That  matters  not.  We  are  sure 
that  pur  system  is  right,  and  government  is  wicked, 
and  shamefully  fraudulent,  and  it  is  high  time  that  the 
honest  working  men  take  the  helm  in  hand,  and  throw 
the  infernal  black  Republican  scamps  to  the  mercy  of 
the  elements.  They  have  stolen  from  the  people,  in 
twenty-four  years,  more  than  the  country  is  now  worth. 
It  is  hi2:h  time  to  throttle  the  infernal  Abaddons.  Read 
the  bill.  Now  we  think  that  it  will  be  good  to  make 
a  start  in  honest  government.  The  workingman  can 
start  it  now  as  well  as  any  time.  Start  it  on  the  model 
of  the  government  in  the  honey  bee  hive.  The  work- 
men rule,  and  the  drones  go  to  work, -or  else  leave  the 
country,  it  costs  a  vast  sum  to  keep  those  infamous, 
lazy  drones  in  idleness  and  luxury;  and  have  them 
sup  on  the  fat  of  the  land.     They  must  go.     We  can- 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  561 

not  afford  to  keep  them  in  the  luxurious  style  we  have 
been  doing;  they  may  go  to  Utopia,  or  Davy  Jones, 
he  will  look  after  them.  But  they  will  have  to  play 
the  third  fiddle  there,  and  that  is  too  good  for  them. 
All  evil  is  the  consequence  of  wrong  conditions  in  the 
circumstances  of  the  individual.  Nature,  under  the 
same  conditions,  produces  the  same  results.  Change 
the  healthy  conditions  to  unhealthy  conditions,  and 
disease  or  death  takes  place.  So  in  government;  it 
was  in  tolerably  healthy  conditions,  and  the  diaboli- 
cal spirit  took  possession  of  it,  and  has  stolen,  robbed, 
cheated,  swindled  the  people  out  of  their  all. 

We  say  quite  a  number  of  ideas  that  the  black  Re- 
publicans take  affront  at,  such  as  ;  the  Democrats  are 
more  honorable  than  the  black  aristocrats;  that  the 
Democrats  are  ahead  of  the  black  imps  in  govern- 
ment; that  they  are  more  elevated  in  politics.  This  is 
certainly  true  as  will  be  shown  in  future.  And  he 
who  has  to  depend  on  his  daily  labor  for  his  food  and 
clothing,  and  votes  the  black,  infernal  Republican 
ticket,  is  a  knave  or  a  fool.  He  is  a  knave  if  he  is 
aware  of  the  robbery  and  plunder  the  infernals  perpe- 
trate on  the  people,  and  if  he  does  not  know  it  he  is  a 
fool.  But  a  knave  is  a  fool,  as  it  is  folly  to  be  knav- 
ish, and  a  fool  is  a  knave,  as  he  is  responsible  for  his 
folly  when  he  is  led  to  commit  a  knavish  act ;  and  if 
he  is  not  a  knave,  he  will  not  be  apt  to  learn  better. 
So  he  who  is  a  working  man,  and  votes  the  black  in- 
fernal ticket,  is  both  knave  and  fool.  An  honest  man 
seeks  to  be  wise,  and  he  will  find  wisdom  who  seeks 
her.  But  the  black  infernal  has  no  care  for  good  sfov- 
ernment.  He  has  no  thought  for  that ;  his  care  is 
for  party.  But,  says  the  fool,  the  Democrats  are  as 
much  partizans  as  we  are.  Mr.  Black  Imp,  you  do 
not  look  into  the  matter.  The  Democrats  are  a  class 
of  men  who  established  this  free  government,  and  are 
striving  to  preserve  it.  You  have  said,  when  it  was 
for  your  interest,  that  this  is  the  best  government  in 
this  mundane  sphere  ;  and  you  told  the  truth  then  ; 
but    you  did  not  believe  what  you  said,  so  you  lied. 

£6 


562  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

This  government  was  well  administered  under  the 
Democrats,  and  was  good.  The  same,  nearly,  was 
badly  and  infernally  managed  by  the  black  Republi- 
can, codfish  aristocracy,  and  they  made  a  tartarean, 
and  Stygian,  and  villainous  trepan  of  it,  to  decoy  hon- 
est workingmen,  to  help  a  band  of  merciless  and  soul- 
less scamps  to  rob  the  working  man  of  his  honest  toil. 
And  why  will  you  enslave  your  children  by  voting  to 
help  your  fiends  to  rob,  plunder  and  steal  your  honest 
labor  ?  And  why  will  you  be  such  a  vindictive  parti- 
zan  ?  There  is  not  a  penny  profit  in  it ;  all  is  lost.  It 
will  not  buy  the  lady  a  dress,  nor  the  children  a  mor- 
sel of  bread.  And  in  less  than  fifty  years,  at  the  rate 
matters  have  been  moving,  your  children  will  be  cry- 
ing for  bread.  This  is  the  unerring  and  inevitable  ten- 
dency of  matters  at  present.  It  looks  to  us  that  the 
four  millions  soulless  scamps  are  determined  to  utter- 
ly destroy  the  happiness  of  the  people.  It  looks  as  if 
they  are  a  vindictive  and  rancorous  villains,  bent  on 
destruction. 

Not  long  since  we  happened  to  come  across  a  smart, 
iridescent  individual.  He  thinks  it  is  wide  from  the 
target  to  say  that  the  black  Republicans  are  a  band  of 
robbers  and  thieves.  He  did  not  appear  to  be  mad, 
but  he  did  not  like  it.  He  is  no  drone,  but  a  friend 
and  helper  of  the  drones.  We  are  at  a  stand  still  in 
our  minds,  if  he  knew  that  the  infernals  were  giving 
away  all  the  property  of  the  United  States  that  they 
could,  and  fool  the  people;  that  it  was  right,  and  that 
it  was  for  the  interest  of  the  people.  We  are  at  a  stand 
to  say  whether  he  would  still  vote  the  infernal  ticket 
or  not,  but  we  are  rather  inclined  to  say  that  he  would 
go  it,  right  or  wrong.  Such  is  the  folly  of  the  four 
million  thieves  and  fools ;  they  are  slaves  to  thieves 
and  robbers.  They  are  that  and  worse.  The  thieves 
and  robbers  are  a  set  of  ignorant  thieves;  all  they 
know  is  to  steal.  That  they  understand  very  well. 
That  they  have  practiced  from  time  immemorial  with- 
out cessation.  They  have  practiced  it  from  the  time 
the  government  was  first  instituted,  continuously  with- 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  563 

.out  cessation  or  intermission,  and  they  are  at  their  old 
vocation  still.  They  have  destroyed  hundreds  of  gov- 
ernments ;  all  the  lost  civilizations  they  have  destroyed. 
But,  says  the  parasite,  that  cannot  be;  how  could  they 
do  that.-^  We  can  tell  you;  they  devoured  the  sub- 
stance of  the  people.  They  stole  their  all,  and  the 
people  starved,  and  being  weak,  cried  ;  and  like  blasted, 
blighted,  withered  grain,  they  could  in  the  day  of  trial 
do  but  little  that  was  for  good  ;  and  the  lying,  robbing 
aristocracy  sat  and  spent  the  midnight  hours  at  the 
wine  cup,  and  spent  their  time  in  revelry  and  baccha- 
nalian feasts.  They  became  as  weak  as  a  worm,  and 
effeminate,  and  voluptuous,  and  became  an  easy  prey 
to  outside  barbarians.  So  the  outside  barbarians  sub- 
jugated the  effeminate  and  weak  inside  barbarians, 
and  took  them  to  their  own  country  in  servitude,  to 
work  out  their  few  and  wretched  days.  So  it  has  hap- 
pened to  the  vile,  vicious,  and  villainous  aristocracy, 
and  so,  we  tell  you,  reader,  it  will  go,  until  the  sceptre 
is  taken  from  their  hands.  The  question  is  not  hard 
to  solve.  When  bad  conditions  enter  society,  and  the 
environments  are  injurious  and  unnatural,  society 
mourns.  When  aristocracy  rules,  destruction  certainly 
follows.  We  have  thirteen  elements  in  our  bodies. 
If  one  is  absent,  death  follows. 

The  aristocrat  and  demagogue  Seward  said  there 
was  an  irrepressible  conflict  between  slavery  and  free 
labor,  and  though  he  did  not  care  the  snap  of  his  fin- 
ger for  it,  only  ascendency  in  politics,  still  there  is 
truth  in  the  expression ;  but  it  did  not  originate  with 
him,  but  a  similar  miscreant  coined  it.  But  men  of 
small  minds  have  enmity,  and  a  writer  has  said  that 
there  is  no  conflict  between  labor  and  capital,  but  that 
is  not  true.  We  cannot  see  what  the  man  was  steer' 
ing  at.  The  manufacturer  buys  his  lumber  as  cheap 
as  he  can,  and  gets  his  machinery,  and  has  his  build- 
ing as  cheap  as  he  can  get  it,  and  all  necessary  mate- 
rials he  gets  as  low  as  possible.  This  is  right.  We 
are  all  interested  in  it.  But  now  another  element 
must  enter  into  the   factory,  to  complete   the  fabrics 


564  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE 

that  are  intended  to  be  produced  ;  that  is  the  most 
important  element,  and  he  gives  notice  that  he  wants 
a  certain  number  of  laborers.  Now  the  bickering  and 
bantering  and  bargaining  is  no  less  than  before,  but  it 
takes  more  time  to  engage  the  men,  as  each  man  has 
separately  to  be  engaged,  but  it  is  done  in  a  reasonable 
time.  Now  for  a  man  to  say  that  there  is  no  conflict 
between  the  capitalist  and  laborer,  is  saying  what  is  in- 
jurious to  the  laborer,  as  it  is  not  the  fact,  and  puts  the 
laborer  off  his  guard.  But  the  laborer  has  learned 
better,  and  the  strikes  of  the  laborers  prove  it.  We 
could  write  volumes  of  these  strikes.  Laborers,  you 
do  not  believe  a  word  of  such  lullaby!  Demand  your 
rights,  be  not  pacified  !  The  infernals  are  doing  all 
they  can  to  reduce  wages.  No  conflict.^  Do  not  the 
infernals  send  to  Europe  and  get  cheap  labor  ?  No 
conflict.'*  Do  not  be  deceived  ;  do  not  men  now  work 
in  the  coal  mines  for  sixty-five  cents  a  day?  No  con- 
flict. And  are  not  women  brought  from  Europe  who 
work  for  less  than  fifty  cents  a  day;  and  are  the  labor- 
ers in  the  eastern  factories  working  for  less  than  sev- 
enty-five cents,  and  no  conflict  .f*  Are  not  laborers  in 
the  whole  United  States  working  for  less  than  a  dollar 
a  day  and  board,  and  no  conflict  between  labor  and 
capital  ?  This  is  the  siren  song  of  the  black  Repub- 
lican, codflsh  aristocracy.  Workingman,  too  many 
lies  have  been  told  about  this  matter.  Do  not  believe 
the  liars.  We  will  give  you  some  facts  on  this  matter. 
Labor  is  continually  going  down.  The  infernals  hate 
the  laboring  man.  He  intends  to  pay  him  wages  that 
will  let  him  starve;  then  he  can  buy  his  vote.  Can 
you  see  ? 

A  wit  is  a  feather  ;  a  chief  is  a  rod  ; 

An  honest  man  is  the  noblest  work  of  God. 

No  doubt  the  poet  pierced  the  target's  centre  when 
that  sublime  and  transcendent  moral  sentiment  issued 
from  his  loft}^  mind.  Every  rascallion  knows  that  it  is 
not  right  to  take  a  penny  from  a  man  without  giving 
him  ample  remuneration,  and  if  he  does  not  give  him 
adequate   compensation,  he    is  a  dishonest  man  ;   and 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  565 

more  than  that,  if  he  makes  his  business  to  take  the 
property  from  a  man  without  giving  him  ample  remun- 
eration, and  if  he  does  not  give  him  adequate  compen- 
sation he  is  a  dishonest  man  ;  and  more  than  that  if  he 
makes  it  his  business  to  take  the  property  or  his  fellow 
man  without  giving  him  just  requital,  we  dislike  to 
say,  but  truth  must  be  told,  he  is  a  thief  and  a  robber, 
and  should  be  punished.  So  the  black  Republicans 
are  doing  daily.  The  infernals  have  taken  more 
money  unjustly  out  of  the  people  in  the  twenty -four 
years  they  have  been  in  ofHce  than  the  whole  country  is 
worth.  Read  the  bill.  And  those  who  assisted  them 
to  steal  it  are  as  guilty  as  the  thieves  who  took  it,  al- 
though they  did  not  get  any  of  the  stealings.  Many, 
no  doubt,  know  that  the  diabolism  is  being  transacted, 
but  their  easy  conscience  is  perfectly  quieted  by  the 
promise  of  an  office,  or  the  like  ;  those  four  million 
harpies  are  easily  pacified,  when  it  is  a  question  of 
conscience.  We  impute  nothing  to  them,  only  what 
they  are  guilty  of,  as  rapacity  in  plundering  is  their  nat- 
ural element.  And  just  as  soon  as  they  are  throttled, 
they  will  be  detected,  as  they  have  no  other  mode  to 
get  a  living.  Lying,  stealing,  robbing,  plundering  the 
people  is  their  daily  vocation.  It  would  be  a  profitable 
thing  if  there  was  such  a  place  as  Cockagne  for  them 
to  go  to  ;  it  would  suit  them  precisely,  or  Tom  Moore's 
Utopia  would  do  ;  any  place  where  they  could  live  in 
idleness  and  luxury  would  suit  their  indolent  natures, 
and  their  inerudite  minds.  The  campaign  cry  now  is, 
"We  saved  the  country."  We  would  like  to  know 
when  and  where,  and  what  country  they  ever  saved. 
They  save  a  country  !  As  well  might  Asrnodeus  save 
sinners.  They  save  a  country  !  Their  business  always 
has  been  to  destroy — not  to  save ;  they  never  saved 
anything,  only  a  small  part  of  their  stealings,  for  they 
were  great  spendthrifts..  What  comes  easily  goes  eas- 
ily. So  it  is  with  stealings  ;  it  cost  them  nothing. 
They  save  a  country!  They  warred  with  the  South,  be- 
cause it  gave  them  the  best  opportunity  to  exercise 
their  thievish,  and  plundering,  and  robbing  propensi- 
ties. 


566  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

CHAPTER    XXXVI. 

RIGHT  AND  WRONG. 

The  British  give  their  door-keeper  of  the  House  of 
Commons  three  or  four  hundred  dollars  a  year  more 
than  their  astronomer  royal.  Wealth  is  deified  in  this 
age.  A  rich  fool  is  more  thought  of  than  an  intelli- 
gent and  honest  poor  man.  We  say  to  the  workingman, 
Do  not  worship  a  man  under  any  conditions  ;  let  that 
to  the  black  Republicans ;  they  do  that,  and  that  is  in 
perfect  correspondence  with  their  principles.  The  ar- 
istocrats believe  that  they  are  better  than  the  people, 
but  how  can  they  prove  it  ?  No  one  can  tell.  The 
truth  is,  politically,  all  men  are  born  equal.  If  their 
rights  are  unequal,  the  inequality  could  not  be  weigh- 
ed, measured,  and  no  person  could  solve  the  question. 
The  first  right  a  man  has  is  to  his  personal  liberty,  and 
he  has  no  right  to  deprive  any  man  of  his  personal  lib- 
erty. Personal  slavery  once  was  the  first  and  greatest 
power  of  the  infernal  aristocracy.  Now  the  slavery  is 
to  rob  the  people  of  their  money  by  class  legislation, 
but  the  four  millions  cannot  see  ;  that  is  a  mystery.  The 
fools  think  the  stealings  are  done  by  taking  money 
that  comes  in  their  hands  when  in  office,  and  no  one 
can  explain  the  point  to  him.  He  has  his  mind  made 
up,  and  all  Erebus  cannotalter  it,  and  he  cannot  be  made 
to  see  how  the  black  scamp  can  steal  money,  only  by 
putting  his  arms  up  to  his  shoulders  in  the  public 
treasury.  Egregious  and  obdurate  fool  that  black  Re- 
publican is,  and  there  is  no  hope  for  his  escape  from 
that  dilemma.  One  black  dunce  said  if  the  blacks 
should  break  up,  he  would  not  know  where  to  go  to. 
Nature  has  given  us  certain  rights,  and  the  black  Re- 
publicans have  taken  them  from  us.  Nature  has  giv- 
en us  the  earth  for  our  habitation,  and  aristocracy  has 
taken  it,  so  that  the  mass  of  the  people  have  no  place 
to  bury  them,  no  place  to  lie  down  when  they  are 
faint  and  weary;  no  place  to  stand,  even,  when  they 
wish   to;  all  goes  in  the  possession    of  the  infernals 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  567 

Each  person  has,  by  nature,  freedom  to  do  what  he 
wills,  provided  he  infringes  not  on  the  equal  freedom 
of  any  other  man.  So  then  each  has  the  right  to  the 
use  of  the  earth  for  the  maintenance  of  himself  and 
family,  only  he  shall  allow  others  the  same  privilege; 
and  no  person  has  a  right  to  use  the  earth  so  as  to  pre- 
vent others  from  using  it  in  a  similar  manner.  If  one 
monopolizes  the  land,  he  lakes  that  which  does  not  be- 
long: to  him,  and  he  cannot  Q-Qt  a  rifjht  to  it 

The  black  scamps  say  that  there  is  not  much  differ- 
ence in  the  parties  ;  they  lie  ;  if  so,  what  use  of  the  black 
Republican  party  ?  That  is  told  to  the  Democrats, 
so  as  to  get  them  over  to  the  infernals;  they  do  not  in 
private  tell  their  serfs  and  slaves  so  ;  they  tell  them,  dia- 
metrical the  opposite.  Reader,  you  will,  after  a  while, 
learn  those  lying  destructives,  and  then  you  will  not 
believe  a  word  they  say,  as  that  is  one  principal  part 
of  their  tactics  to  lie,  fraud,  and  corruption.  Hamilton 
said,  that  without  corruption  government  was  imprac- 
ticable. Adams  said,  that  if  the  aristocrats  could  rule 
no  other  way,  they  would  pretend  to  be  Democrats,  and 
they  would  do  it  with  a  better  grace  than  the  real 
Democrats.  So  now  we  have  the  Hamilton  and  Adams 
mode  of  governing  the  people;  fraud,  and  corruption, 
and  sailing  under  false  colors.  They  deny  that  they 
are  aristocrats,  but  any  fool  knows  they  are  aristocrats, 
of  the  blackest  dye.  But  to  resume  the  theme  that 
they  saved  the  country;  any  dunce  knows  that  they 
are  destroyers  of  a  country;  they  have  destroyed  all 
the  countries  they  ever  ruled,  and  many  of  them  utter- 
ly destroyed  ;  they  wish  to  destroy  all  the  governments 
in  the  world  ;  but  first,  they  will  rule  them  for  some 
time,  and  rob,  and  steal,  and  plunder  the  people,  and 
things  will  advance  merrily ;  they  will  sup  and  feast, 
and  have  saturnalian  feasts,  and  their  houses  enchas- 
ed in  gold,  and  ornamentations  without  end,  and  the 
people  will  have  a  heavier  burden  than  they  can  carry, 
and  outside  barbarians  will  subdue  the  inside  barbar- 
ians, and  that  will  be  the  end  of  that  infamous  gov- 
ernment.    So  it  always  has  been  and  so  it  always  will 


568  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

be,  if  they  rule,  as  their  rule  is  not  a  normal  one ;  it  is 
contrary  to  nature,  and  what  does  not  accord  with  na- 
ture must  go  under.  All  governments  have  gone  to 
ruin  in  that  way.  See,  they  can  give  a  government 
away  in  less  than  twenty-four  years,  as  they  have  giv- 
en, and  first  stolen  more  money  from  the  people  than 
the  nation  is  worth.  They  hate  the  people;  they  know 
that  the  people  will  find  out  that  they  are  man-eaters, 
if  they  gain  in  intelligence,  as  they  have  done  the  last 
thousand  years,  and  then  their  heads  will  have  to  pay 
the  penalty  of  their  infamy.  'Tis  true  that  they  have 
carried  the  people  back  into  barbarism  more  than  one 
hundred  years  ;  what  they  wanted  to  do.  They  teach 
that  the  people  are  going  back,  but  that  will  soon 
change,  and  nature  will  resume  her  onward  and  up- 
ward  march,  and  man  will  follow  7iature. 

Some  persons  will  perhaps  say  that  we  are  mor- 
dacious  sarcastic  in  our  language.  Two  classes  of  poli- 
ticians will  be  apt  to  say  so  ;  as  they  say  as  the  black 
infernals  tell  them  to  say.  So  you  notice,  and  if  you 
find  any  one  finding  fault  with  this  book,  it  is  from  a 
black  Republican  or  black  Democrat.  Now,  we  have 
no  apology  to  make  from  the  inception  of  this  theme. 
We  made  up  our  mind  to  tell  the  truth,  if  it  causes  us 
to  bite  the  dust.  The  truth  must  be  told,  if  it  fits  or 
not.  If  they  do  not  like  it,  we  can  not  help  it;  and  as 
we  tell  the  truth  and  do  our  duty,  we  do  not  care. 
Persons  should  be  called  by  their  right  names.  We 
are  writing  for  the  workingman  ;  this  is  the  first  book 
that  ever  has  been  written  for  him.  Me  is, the  only 
one  that  we  write  for.  We  vindicate  his  rights,  if  he 
likes  it  or  not ;  and  if  it  does  no  good  or  not,  we  advo- 
cate his  rio^hts  and  interest.  If  we  disaofree  with  him, 
we  will  not  change,  as  we  know  we  are  right;  audit  will 
look  strange  in  many  instances.  We  will  advise  the 
workingman  to  d(^  one  thing  and  he  will  do  the  oppo- 
site ;  but  we  will  vindicate  his  ric^hts  and  interests  if 
he  opposes.  Our  course  was  lined  out  from  the  begin- 
ning. We  will  go  now  and  evermore  for  the  interest 
of  the  workingman.      If  he  does  not  care  for  his  wel- 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  569 

fare,  we  do ;  and  will  do  all  we  can  for  him.  He  is 
the  coming  man.  He  will  rule.  A  man  is  a  silly 
dunce  who  says  he  should  not.  Who  should  rule  but 
the  man  who  makes  the  country  ?  Experience  teaches 
us  that  aristocracy  will  not  do.  Will  a  man  who  has 
a  fine  farm  trust  it  entirely  to  a  stranger,  and  not  see 
to  it.?  No,  sir;  he  will  not.  A  man  must  see  to  his 
own  business  if  he  wants  it  well  done;  in  fact,  if  he  ex- 
pects to  have  it  done  at  all.  Observation  tells  us  long 
ago,  that  if  you  give  a  man  power  in  ninety-nine 
cases,  in  a  hundred  he  will  take  advantage  of  it ;  and 
use  it  for  his  own  interest.  So  we  say  to  you  working- 
man,  keep  the  sword  in  your  possession.  We  have 
not  said  too  much  against  the  infernal.  Yes,  I  say  so; 
if  he  is  not  one,  then  there  has  never  been  one,  and 
never  will  be  one.  No,  we  intend  to  speak  the  truth  ; 
and  workingman,  if  you  will  take  this  book  for  your 
guide  and  pilot  you  will  be  wealthy  and  happy.  We 
tell  you  again,  aristocracy  dislikes,  despises,  detests, 
disdains,  disinherits,  disables,  disheartens,  dispirits  and 
discourages  _y^2^. 

When  the  constitution  and  circumstances  are  in 
perfect  accord,  then  the  result  is  consummate  health  ; 
and  when  the  reverse  is  the  case,  evil,  sickness,  and 
death  follow.  We  must  be  adapted  to  the  conditions 
of  a  country,  even  in  small  matters.  As,  when  a  man 
moves  into  a  strange  country,  there  will  be  some  of 
the  conditions  different  from  those  he  left;  and  if  he 
is  careless,  he  will  find  that  success  will  not  attend  his 
efforts.  But  nature  is  continually  striving  to  bring 
about  harmony  in  her  works  ;  all  obey  this  law,  both 
animate  and  inanimate,  organic  and  inorganic,  vege- 
table and  human.  But  man  has  a  great  advantage, 
as  he  has  a  mind  that  enables  him  to  adapt  his  situ- 
ation to  changes  in  circumstances ;  and  for  that  rea- 
son he  can  Jive  in  a  greater  diversity  of  climate.  So 
we  find  him,  from  the  burning  torrid  to  the  inclement 
frigid  zone.  But  he  shows  the  effects  of  the  different 
climates  in  the  color  of  his  skin  He  becomes  accus- 
tomed to  the  Arctic  colds,  and   the  equatorial   burn- 


570  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

ing  sun.  and  he  adapts  himself  to  all  by  degrees. 
He  can  accustom  himself  to  a  double  dose  of  deadly 
poison.  That  inclines  us  to  believe  that  all  the  dif- 
ferent   races  came  from  the   same  first  parents.     But 

the  lackey  of  the  Black  Republicanism,  Mr. ,  says 

that  is  not  so.  There  is  no  use  to  say  anything 
more;  he  follows  his  file  leader,  and  what  he  says  is 
law  and  gospel ;  and  if  you  give  him  a  demonstration 
as  plain  as  the  sun  at  noonday  in  a  clear  sky.  he  will 

still   say,  Mr. says  it   is  not    so.     Now   we  wish 

to  say  that  a  barbarian  is  as  natural  to  be  a  serf  or 
slave,  as  a  hawk  is  to  catch  chickens  ;  and  he  cannot 
be  learned  any  better.  And  we  have  to  say  that  the 
followers  of  the  black  Republicans  are  of  that  stamp. 
Let  us  give  a  reason.  Democracy  is  an  elevated  sys- 
tem of  government;  so  then  those  who  are  striving  to 
establish  a  Democracy  are  a  class  of  superior  beings. 
Monarchy,  and  all  those  barbarous  forms  that  aristoc- 
racy has  always  upheld  by  lying,  stealing,  are  an  infe- 
rior form  of  government;  and  the  people  are  as  the 
governments  they  maintain  ;  so  those  who  maintain  a 
lying,  stealing  system  of  government  are  barbarians ; 
so  aristocracy  and  barbarians  are  twin  brothers.  Noth- 
ing else  can  be  made  of  them.  Read  the  first  two 
hundred  pages  of  this  book,  and  you  will  learn  what 
thf^y  have  done  for  the  race.  Still  rob,  steal  and 
plunder. 

If  a  person  keeps  himself  in  perfect  adaptation  to 
conditions,  he  will  be  healthy  and  happy.  But  no  man 
can  at  all  times  do  that ;  accidents  will  happen,  some- 
times through  ignorance,  and  at  other  times  through 
carelessness.  No  person  can  at  all  times  escape  them 
both  ;  but  those  who  are  the  most  prudent  and  careful 
will  generally  fare  the  best,  and  the  ignorant  have  the 
worst  of  it  generally.  The  truth  of  the  matter  is,  that 
we  do  not  pay  sufficient  attention  to  the  laws  of  health. 
If  man  should  pay  a  tithe  of  the  time  for  his  health, 
he  would  be  much  happier,  and  it  would  be  of  great 
benefit  to  the  race ;  as  it  is,  he  has  an  ordeal  that  often 
makes  him  miserable,  and   the   tagtails   are   not  more 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  57 1 

exempt  than  others.  The  human  race  have  all  the 
characteristics  that  the  animals  have;  some  faculties 
they  have  more  perfect,  others  in  a  less  degree.  Man, 
like  many  animals,  is  gregarious  ;  he  does  not  desire 
usually  to  live  alone  But,  we  are  sorry  to  say,  when 
population  becomes  dense,  mankind  have  thousands 
of  troubles,  and  the  causes  of  those  troubles  have  not 
been  satisfactorily  explained.  We  depend  upon  Mr. 
H.  Spencer  as  being  as  good  authority  as  we  can  find, 
and  yet  he  does  not  give  the  reason  satisfactorily.  He 
says  it  is  because  they  are  not  adapted  to  the  social 
state,  that  we  know  there  must  be  a  clash  somewhere. 
If  their  natures  were  in  perfect  harmony  with  the  con- 
ditions, if  their  constitutions  were  in  perfect  accord- 
ance w^ith  the  circumstances,  we  have  just  said  that  all 
would  be  peace  and  happiness;  any  crackskull  of  the 
four  millions  knows.  If  there  was  a  perfect  corres- 
pondence and  concord  with  each  other,  and  also  with 
other  conditions,  we  would  not  have  the  four  millions 
liars  and  thieves.  But  why  is  man  not  natural  in  a 
lawful  state  ?  Because  he  wants  to  have  everything 
to  himself,  and  nothing  for  his  fellow  man.  Spencer 
says,  that  his  original  condition  required  that  he  should 
sacrifice  the  welfare  of  others  to  his  own  interest ;  his 
present  circumstances  required  that  he  should  not  do 
so.  Now  we  dissent  to  the  first  clause.  It  is  a  mistake  ; 
he  does  not  require  that  others  should  sacrifice  their 
interest  for  his  benefit  ;  he  does  not  see  the  other  ani- 
mals at  times,  for  months,  and  then  very  likely  there 
will  be  no  conflict  between  them  ;  so  the  solution  is 
not  a  correct  one. 

Man,  in  the  original  state,  was  under  a  government 
that  was  not  liberal  but  was  tyrannical.  The  inhabi- 
tants were  slaves  in  a  double  sense — slaves  under 
the  government,  and  also  under  the  parents  until  they 
were  twenty-one  years  of  age.  And  they  emerge  after 
they  are  twenty-one  years  old  into  society,  ignorant 
slaves,  knowing  nothmg  but  to  follow  their  passions 
and  propensities.  That  was  the  first  step,  and  they, 
coming  out  of  bondage  double,  they  had  no  bounds  to 


572  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

their  licentious  desires,  and  some  other  principle 
would  have  to  be  called  to  assist  to  cure  and  restrict 
them,  and  check  their  vicious  habits.  And  as  that 
principle  was  but  in  its  germ,  and  as  the  barbarian 
knew  but  little  or  nothing  of  the  new  organ,  he  could 
not  make  use  of  it;  and  that  is  the  highest  organ  in 
man's  character ;  is  of  slow  growth,  and  not  until  man 
is  governed  by  the  dictates  of  that  organ  will  he  be  the 
perfect  man  ;  and  not  until  then  will  he  be  fitted  for 
the  social  state.  That  organ  is  morality  ;  that  is  the 
last  and  hiohest  orean  in  the  character  of  man.  The 
four  millions  of  liars  and  thieves  have  carried  the  mor- 
als of  the  people  back  more  than  one  hundred  years; 
but  we  shall  turn  right  about,  face,  and  ascend  the 
moral  temple  higher  than  we  were  before,  in  spite  of 
the  immoral  teachings  of  the  infernal  black  Republi- 
cans, such  as  there  is  no  honest  man,  and  every  man 
has  his  price,  and  all  is  fair  in  politics,  and  the  Demo- 
crats have  no  rights  that  should  be  respected,  and 
that  we  are  going  back  into  barbarism,  and  that  he 
rich  should  rule,  and  that  the  tariff  cannot  be  too 
high,  and  that  there  should  be  no  common  schools  if 
a  certain  brute  could  help  it,  and  it  is  right  to  take  all 
you  can  get  a  customer  to  consent  to  give  for  an  arti- 
cle, and  when  you  exchange  property  with  a  man  it  is 
right  to  get  the  best  of  him  if  you  can,  and  if  a  man 
pays  you  too  much  money  it  is  right  to  keep  it,  and 
that  it  is  no  harm  to  lie  for  your  interest;  that  the 
Democrats,  if  they  obtain  power,  they  will  enslave  the 
negroes,  and  pay  the  confederate  war  debt,  and  pen- 
sion the  confederate  soldiers;  and  that  it  is  no  use  to 
discharge  a  thief  because  there  is  no  honest  man,  and 
when  you  engage  another  he  will  steal  the  same  as 
the  first  one.  These  are  teachings  of  the  infernal, 
black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy;  we  have  heard 
them  teachino^  these  infamous  doctrines. 

Men  sin  against  each  other  in  very  many  ways.  It 
is  of  no  use  to  mention  them.  Look  at  the  newspa- 
pers, and  those  who  do  not  know  will  learn  that  man 
is  worse  than  the  brutes — that  is,  the  four  million  liars 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  573 

and  thieves.  Any  person  may  compare  the  crimes  of 
the  four  milHons  of  liars  and  thieves  with  the  acts  of 
the  brutes,  and  he  will  have  to  say  that  the  four  mil- 
lions liars  and  thieves  are  far  the  worst.  We  will  take 
up  this  question  at  some  other  time,  and  satisfy  any 
honest  man  with  an  ounce  of  brains,  that  the  man  is — 
that  is,  the  four  millions  liars  and  thieves  are — doing 
more  evil  to  the  people  than  the  brutes  are  doing  to 
each  other.  They  discount  the  brutes.  We  are  sor- 
ry to  say  so,  but  truth  compels  us  to.  Every  organ  of 
man  strengthens  by  use,  and  weakens  by  disuse.  Such 
has  always  been  the  case;  all  history  proves  it,  and  it 
will  always  continue  to  do  so  to  the  end  of  time.  It 
is  a  law  of  nature,  and  no  law  of  nature  ever  changes ; 
they  remain  the  same  from  eternity  to  eternity  ;  they 
cannot  change,  never,  never.  Progress,  then,  does  not 
depend  on  accidents,  but  is  a  law  of  nature,  and  we  are 
a  part  of  that  nature.  We  shall  continue  to  progress 
until  we  are  perfect.  As  surely  as  the  tree  becomes 
strong  and  bulky  when  it  stands  alone,  and  slender 
when  crowded  ;  as  sure  as  the  horse  is  cart-horse,  race- 
horse, according  to  his  habits;  as  surely  as  the  black- 
smith's arm  and  the  laborer's  hand  grow  strong  by 
constant  use;  and  so  sure  must  immorality  and  injus- 
tice, lying  and  stealing,  cheating  and  robbing,  all 
disappear,  because  they  are  in  discord  with  the 
true  characteristics  of  men,  and  in  opposition  to  jus- 
tice and  truth,  so  they  must  die  out  and  become  extinct. 
So  will  the  four  million  thieves  and  liars  disappear 
from  the  social  circle,  and  give  room  for  good  and 
honest  men  ;  and  no  malefactor  and  vile  thief  will  en- 
cumber the  telluric  sphere.  Then  aristocracy  will  be 
among  the  extinct  animals  of  ancient  times.  The 
black  imp  does  not  believe  in  evolution,  it  does  not 
help  his  occupation.  Why.?  Because  it  does  reform 
the  world,  and  then  his  occupation  of  lying,  stealing 
and  swindling  is  gone.  We  will  explain  :  A  man  takes 
poison.  If  the  dose  is  not  too  large  for  the  constitu- 
tion, nature  throws  off  the  poison  ;  if  it  is  too  large, 
a  conflict  takes  place,  and  the  system  is  subdued,  and 


574  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

death  is  the  result.  The  fool  cannot  see.  Say  the 
poison  is  moral  evil,  there  will  be  a  conflict,  because 
good  and  evil  cannot  peacably  remain  together,  and  in 
the  contest  one  or  the  other  must  conquer;  the  com- 
bat may  be  long  and  doubtful,  but  the  one  or  the  oth- 
er must  conquer  in  time.  It  may  be  like  the  British 
who  once  had  a  civil  war  seventy  years,  and  vice  and  im- 
morality may  war  for  thousands  of  years,  and  tens  of 
tens  of  thousands  of  years,  and  m.orals  must  win,  be- 
cause it  accords  with  nature.  The  four  millions  can- 
not see  the  point.  They  are  as  yet  in  Egyptian  mor- 
al darkness,  and  this  generation  will  die  in  that  cate- 
gory, but  their  posterity  will  be  ashamed  of  their  fore- 
fathers. Morality  is  harmony,  and  vice  is  discord, 
and  all  know  that  they  cannot  dwell  in  peace  together. 
Vice  may  appear  to  gain  at  times,  and  so  the  monster 
sometimes  does,  as  the  four  millions  liars  and  thieves 
have  carried  us  back  in  morals  more  than  one  hundred 
years.  But  we  say  again,  that  vice  is  destined  to  be 
defeated  and  ultimately  to  become  extinct;  that  is  the 
reason  so  many  animals  have  passed  off  the  stage  of 
life  as  living  beings — they  were  not  in  accordance  with 
the  environments,  they  were  an  evil  (see),  and  they  in- 
evitably had  to  succumb  and  go  the  way  of  their  pro- 
genitors, and  have  no  issue,  and  therefore  they  became 
extinct.  And,  workingman,  claim  your  right  to  rule. 
You  must  rule  ;  it  is  your  right ;  it  is  accordiug  to  na- 
ture, and  nature  is  sure  to  win.  Now,  and  for  thou- 
sands of  years  evil  has  ruled.  Generally,  the  infernal, 
black  aristocracy  have  ruled,  and  what  has  been  the 
result .f*  You  all  can  see:  ist,  war,  2d,  national  debt 
3d,  standing  armies,  4th,  land  monopoly,  5th.  high  pro- 
tection tariff,  6th,  banking,  British  system,  7th,  railroad 
monopolies,  8th,  telegraph  monopoly,  9th,  navigation 
monopoly,  loth,  private  monopoly.  Robbing,  steal- 
ing, lying,  swindling,  cheating,  crimes  of  all  kinds, 
murder,  debauchery,  licentiousness,  poverty,  pauper- 
ism, distress,  famine,  plagues,  and  all  the  crimes  that 
are  mentioned,  that  is  the  result  of  the  government 
by  the  aristocracy.     And  we  tell  you  again  and  again, 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  575 

it  is  high  time  that  this  infernal  beast  is  banished  from 
the  social  circle,  and  State  and  national  existence. 
They  deserve  the  condemnation  and  execration  of 
every  honest  and  upright  man,  and  as  soon  as  the 
workingman  finds  out  that  they  are  his  fiends,  and  if 
he  then  does  justice  to  himself,  he  will  dislike,  hate, 
abhor  and  detest  the  brutes. 

All  evil  must  be  eradicated  from  the  earth,  and  the 
greatest  evil  we  have  on  the  earth  is  aristocracy ;  it 
does  more  damage  than  all  other  evils,  it  is  the  cause 
of  most  evil,  it  impoverishes  the  people,  and  in  that 
manner  causes  crime  and  misery  that  is  in  the  world. 
If  there  was  no  aristocracy,  the  people  would  be  happy 
and  prosperous.  They  steal,  and  rob  the  people  of  their 
property,  and  make  paupers,  wretchedness  and  distress. 
It  costs  an  immense  sum  of  money  to  keep  those  idle 
and  extravagant  drones,  and  the  workingman  has  to  pay 
it  all.  Some,  yes  many,  dunces  say  aristocracy  has  al- 
ways governed,  and  always  will ;  that  is  the  traditional 
teachings  of  the  lying,  stealing,  codfish  aristocracy ;  it 
is  as  false  as  Erebus,  and  we  will  say  to  the  working- 
man.  Do  not  believe  such  erroneous  teachings;  it 
comes  from  the  black  Republicans,  they  wish  to  pacify 
and  discourage  you.  There  is  no  such  thing  in  nature  ; 
she  changes  continually.  Aristocracy  is  founded  on 
fraud  and  injustice,  its  very  inception  is  stealing  the 
people's  rights,  that  a  few  shall  rule.  Where  do  they 
get  the  right }  By  force,  lying  and  fraud,  that  is  their 
basis,  to  take  the  liberty  of  the  people  away  from  them, 
and  take  their  all.  But  we  have  just  proved  that  evil 
cannot  always  exist  on  the  earth,  and  aristocracy  is  a 
grievous  evil.  It  is  a  crime,  yes  a  crime;  it  must  be  a 
crime  to  steal  men's  property,  and  then  their  liberty, 
so  they  cannot  be  avenged  of  the  crime.  Aristocracy 
hates  those  they  rob,  that  is  always  so.  The  thief 
hates  the  person  he  robs.  Aristocracy  hates  the  Dem- 
ocrat, and  he  hates  the  poor  man,  and  four  times  out 
of  five  he  made  him  poor,  because,  by  the  robbing  and 
stealing  of  the  Belials,  the  people  are  poor.  But  again. 
Why,  the  tartarean  aristocrats  will  not  govern  but  a 


576  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

short  time ;  when  the  people  learn  to  take  care  of 
themselves  and  their  interest,  then  aristocrats  will 
soon  go  where  the  saurians  have  gone,  and  it  must 
happen  to  them  as  to  the  saurians.  The  dunce  could 
as  well  say  that  the  saurians  would  always  rule  the 
ocean,  and  that  Spain  would  again  be,  as  once,  the 
leading  nation.  And  the  old  farmers  might  as  well 
say  that  grain  would  always  be  harvested  with  the  sick- 
le, and  that  we  would  never  have  railroads  and  thou- 
sands of  improvements  we  now  have.  No,  Democrat, 
that  is  not  so ;  aristocracy  is  destined  to  become  ex- 
tinct, and  the  greatest  men  will  certainly  say  so. 

The  well  being  of  the  people  depends  on  their  state 
of  morals,  and  it  looks  somewhat  strano^e,  if  that  is  a 
fact,  that  so  little  attention  is  paid  to  morality.  If  peo- 
ple should  live  up  to  the  golden  rule,  a  heaven  would 
be  instituted  on  this  earth,  and  we  think  that  would 
be  better  than  anything  man  has  ever  done.  We  had 
a  talk,  not  long  ago,  with  a  man  who  said,  "  Honesty  is 
the  best  policy  "  ;  and  he  added,  "  It  pays  to  be  honest." 
We  believe  he  told  the  truth,  but  we  do  not  know  if  he 
was  sincere  or  not,  but  hope  he  was,  as  his  addition 
is  a  noble  idea  and  sentiment.  "What  we  want  is  an 
honest  government,"  said  an  editor  who  was  a  Repub- 
lican, but  voted  for  Cleveland.  He  had  seen  enough 
of  Blaine  to  know  he  was  a  gull-catcher,  and  many 
others  done  the  same.  But  the  four  millions  of  liars 
and  thieves  stood  as  the  rocks  of  the  Andes,  and  if 
the  country  should  be  given  away  by  the  internals  to 
the  last  cent,  they  would  say,  "  Hurrah  for  the  old 
party  !"  But  the  Slippery  Jim  was  left  in  the  cold.  The 
people  cannot  be  happy  unless  they  are  moral.  In  an- 
cient times,  they  had  no  correct  idea  of  morality.  Mil- 
lions of  human  beings  have  been  offered  to  God  as  a 
sacrifice.  Men,  women  and  children  have  been  burnt, 
and  offered  to  the  Supreme  Being  to  please  him,  and 
obtain  his  favor.  It  looks  strange  to  us,  at  this  day, 
and  it  makes  us  think  that  we  have  progressed  in  re- 
ligion and  morals.  Then  might  the  dunce  as  well 
say  that  we  should  now  offer  up  sacrifice  of  human  be- 


RIGHT    AND    WRONG.  577 

ings,  as  they  once  done,  as  to  say  aristocracy  has  al- 
ways ruled  and  they  always  will ;  or  that  in  ancient  times 
in  war  they  killed  all  men,  women  and  children,  and 
they  always  will  do  so.  No  :  the  infernal  aristocracy 
is  destined  to  go  where  the  saurians  have  gone 
to  extinction.  No :  the  infernals  cannot  rule  much 
longer;  lying,  fraud,  force,  stealing,  robbery,  is  about 
to  end,  and  honest  government  take  its  place.  And 
the  workingman  will  rule  ;  then  we  will  have  good 
times  ;  then  we  will  have  honesty  in  politics  ;  then  the 
workingman  will  have  fair  wages  ;  then  we  will  have 
equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men  ;  then  the  govern- 
ment will  be  administered  for  the  good  of  all  ;  then 
the  drones  will  not  be  considered  better  than  an  hon- 
est man,  who  earns  his  bread  by  the  sweat  of  his  brow; 
then  the  government  will  be  modeled  on  the  plan  of 
the  honey  bee  hive.      Labor  must  rule. 

All  men  would  be  happy  if  each  one  did  as  well  as 
he  knew  how.  If  he  did  not  know  what  was  right,  he 
would  soon  learn,  if  he  tried  to  do  the  best  he  could. 
But  one  cannot  be  perfectly  happy  until  a  large  major- 
ity are  moral,  as  it  injures  the  feelings  of  the  good 
man  to"see  vice  and  degradation  around  him;  and  man, 
as  he  is  placed  in  a  social  state,  and  the  population  is 
dense,  and  many  people  are  like  brutes,  it  is  trying  for 
the  good  man.  For  the  people  to  be  happy,  thieves 
must  be  kept  down,  not  elevated  into  office,  as  they 
have  been  in  this  country.  The  poor  man  cannot  be 
happy  when  his  wages  are  insufficient  to  support  his 
family,  as  it  is  all  over  the  world  at  present.  We  shall 
solve  this  question  if  you  will  follow  our  advice.  The 
first  thing  to  do  is  not  to  believe  what  the  black  Re- 
publican, infernal  thief  says.  Do  not  listen  to  him  at 
all.  He  will  lure  you  to  destruction  and  death,  if  you 
follow  his  diabolical  teachings.  He  is  as  certain  to  de- 
vour your  substance,  if  you  give  him  an  opportunity, 
as  a  wolf  is  to  catch  a  lamb,  when  he  has  an  occasion. 
It  is  his  vocation  to  rob,  steal,  and  cheat;  that  he  al- 
ways has  done.  Read  history  carefully,  and  you  will 
see  that  his  calling  is  to  lie,  steal,  and  cheat.     He  is 

37 


57^  THE  workingman's  guide. 

an  adept  at  that.  Do  not  let  him  infatuate  you;  he 
depends  on  smooth  speech  and  false  argument.  Watch 
him.  He  will  not  do.  Read  the  first  part  of  this  book 
for  two  hundred  pages,  and  you  will  learn  the  charac- 
ter of  the  reptilian  beast.  We  are  very  sorry  to  have 
to  delineate  the  character  of  the  infernal  beast,  but  as 
it  is  for  the  benefit  of  the  human  family,  we  are  con- 
strained to  do  it.  The  facts  must  be  exemplified,  and 
that  we  have  done.  We  have  given  the  facts,  and  all 
can  judge  for  themselves.  Why  the  civilizations  of 
ancient  times  were  lost  has  not  has  not  been  explained 
satisfactorily,  but  we  solve  that  question.  It  is  the  in- 
fernal aristocracy,  with  its  capricious,  Stygian  maw, 
that  has  devoured  them;  eat  and  drank  up  the  whole 
countries,  and  spent  them  in  saturnalian  feasts  and 
midnight  orgies.  When  the  workingman  worked,  the 
unnatural  beast  slept,  and  when  the  workingman  slept, 
the  brute  had  his  voluptuous  feasts,  and  the  roue  spent 
his  time  in  dance,  music,  and  song,  when  the  working- 
man  had  to  pay  the  bill,  and  an  enormous  one  it  was. 
Workingman,  we  call  upon  you  to  alter  your  hand. 
You  have  been  fooled  too  long  already.  Stop  that 
drain  on  your  labor,  or  you  are  lost. 

It  is  necessary  to  have  a  principle,  a  guide,  to  be 
governed  by,  and  we  take  the  following  one  from  H. 
Spencer.  It  may  not  be  perfect :  "  Every  man  has 
freedom  to  do  all  he  wills,  provided  he  infringes  not 
on  the  equal  freedom  of  any  other  man."  This  is 
given  as  a  rule  for  the  moral  guide  of  mankind  in  a 
social  state,  and  it  is  well,  perhaps,  to  examine  it  care- 
fully. It  is  short  for  a  guide  of  such  extensive  use  as 
it  is  calculated  to  be  applied  to,  but  we  cannot  say  if 
it  will  do  in  all  cases  or  not,  but  think  it  is  a  good  rule. 
Aristotle  would  have  dissented  from  it.  He  said  it 
was  a  self-evident  maxim,  that  nature  intended  barba- 
rians to  be  slaves;  and  Cardinal  Julian,  who  abhorred 
"the  impiety  of  keeping  faith  with  infidels."  That  all 
do  not  agree  to  it  docs  not  make  it  wrong.  The  bush- 
man  cannot  count  ten,  and  that  does  not  alter  the  fact 
that  mathematics  is  an  extensive  and  grand  science. 


DYNAMITE.  579 

The  four  million  liars  and  thieves  will  not  understand 
this  moral  guide,  and  if  they  did,  they  would  have  a 
horse-laugh  over  it,  and  he  would  say,  as  we  have  been 
told :   I  thought  you  knew  better.     And  all  such  men 
were  fanatics  and  fools.     And  yet,  the  four  million  are 
no  judges  of  morals,  and  they  do  not  know  the  first 
principle    in    morals.     All  he  knows  is  to  steal  and 
cheat,  and  he  would  say,  as  we  have  heard  them  say : 
There  is  no  honest  man.     The    truth  is,  this  moral 
guide  is  tens  of  thousands  of  years  ahead  of  black  Re- 
publican  times.     He  who  asserts  that  men  have  not 
equal  rights,  let  him  say  how  he  proves  it,  as  the  af- 
firmative is  on  his  side.      He  agrees  with  Sir  Robert 
Filmer,  who  said:  "All  men  are  not  naturally  free." 
An  aristocratic  tyrant  he  must  have  been.    If  he  lived 
today,  he  would  be  a  good   black   Republican,  and  if 
he  was  here,  he  would  be  one  of  the  four  million  liars 
and  thieves  and  slaves.     Not  long  since,  the  doctrine 
of  the  divine  right  of  kings  was  maintained  in  Europe, 
and  by  some  is  still  upheld.     This  right  is  as  to  the 
right  of  aristocracy  to  rule,  as  some  fools  think  they 
have.     Often  matters  go  wrong.     So  it  is  when  aris- 
tocracy rules.     It  is  unnatural,  and  always  ends  in  de- 
struction, distress,  disturbance,  misery,  and  woe.     If 
the  people  want  peace  and    good   government,  they 
must  certainly  keep  the  infernal  black  aristocrat  out  of 
office.    When  they  govern  the  people  will  mourn,  and 
grief  and  poverty  will  surely  follow.     Who  is  greater 
than  the  rest  no  one  can  tell ;  but  the  codfish  aristo- 
crat thinks  he  is;    but  he  is    good  for  nothing — no 
good,  drone. 


CHAPTER  XXXVII. 

DYNAMITE. 


Aristocracy  has  always  been  for  blood,  carnage,  and 
murder,  and  assassination — all  know  it.  That  has  al- 
ways been  their  occupation.  Read  the  first  part  of 
the  book,  and  if  you  do  not  believe  that,  read  Rollins' 


580  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

ancient  history,  Liddle's  history  of  Rome,  and  Gib- 
bon's DecHne  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  and  any 
gull  will  see.  The  country  now  is  agitated  with  the 
dynamite  scare.  We  say  to  the  workingman,  Do  not 
have  anything  to  do  in  that  mode  of  reforming  govern- 
ment ;  it  will  not  do  ;  keep  aloof  from  it ;  do  not  lend 
a  hand.  What  good  can  it  do  to  kill  an  infernal, 
aristocrat,  black  Republican  scamp .?  Some  other,  no 
better  than  he,  will  take  his  place,  and  it  creates  a 
sympathy  for  bad  politicians  ;  and  a  man  who  engages 
in  it  risks  his  own  life,  and  only  makes  matters  worse. 
Reform  does  not  lay  at  all  in  that  direction  ;  it  strength- 
ens the  vile  aristocracy,  and  the  men  who  are  engaged 
in  it  are  not  aware  of  that.  No  sound-minded  man 
will  be  caught  in  such  atrocious  crimes.  Let  the  in- 
fernal aristocrat  work  at  that  job — it  is  their  old  occu- 
pation ;  they  done  so  in  Napoleon's  time.  We  say 
again,  Do  not  let  us  hear  that  a  sound  workingman  has 
been  engaged  in  such  vicious  transactions.  Reform 
must  be  produced  by  reason,  sound  sense,  and  by 
peaceable  means.  The  workingman  has  the  power  in 
his  hands— it  is  the  ballot,  and  all  he  has  to  do  is  to 
use  it  properly  ;  and  that  is  to  not  vote  for  a  lying, 
villainous,  robbing,  stealing,  black  Republican  and 
codfish  aristocrat,  and  I  tell  you,  the  country  will  reform. 
Never  vote  the  black  Republican  ticket  ;  it  is  robbing 
away  your  liberty ;  they  are  calculating  to  make 
slaves  of  you.  You,  perhaps,  ask  how }  We  can  tell 
you:  by  first  stealing,  and  lying,  and  robbing  you  out 
of  your  property,  and  then  your  liberty  is  not  worth  a 
straw ;  then  they,  worse  and  worse,  will  buy  up  vot- 
ers to  enslave  you.  What  do  the  four  millions  care 
for  their  liberty }  Not  a  straw ;  they  think  it  is  smart  to 
be  with  the  rich  ;  we  have  heard  some  fools  talk  that 
way — old  and  young.  And  every  fool  knows  that  the 
property  is  all  going  into  the  hands  of  a  few  men,  and 
liberty  then  will  take  wings  and  fly  away.  Think,  think. 
And  we  will  now  ask  you  a  question  :  If  a  few  men 
own  all  the  property,  can  the  people  be  free,  or  will 
they  be  slaves  }     An  empty  bag  cannot  stand  up.     The 


DYNAMITE.  58 1 

four  million  thieves  and  fools  think  more  of  these  few 
aristocrats  then  they  ever  thought  of  their  fathers, 
mothers,  sisters  and  brothers  ;  they  would  never  steal 
so  for  them,  as  they  now  steal  for  aristocracy. 

We  cannot  caution  you  too  much  to  keep  clear  of 
these  fools  who  endeavor  to  kill  with  dynamite.  He 
is  a  fool  who  meddles  with  it  to  assassinate  the  infer- 
nal aristocracy.  There  is  but  one  way  to  get  rid  of 
them  ;  that  is  as  the  honey  bee  does — drive  the  aristo- 
crat out  of  office.  Do  not  vote  for  any  person  who  is 
for  aristocracy.  A  workingman  is  a  fool  who  votes 
the  black  ticket.  He  tells  the  laboror  that  he  is  for 
the  laboror,  and  he  is  at  all  times  endeavoring  to  re- 
duce the  wages  ;  or  he  cries  about  the  pauper  labor  of 
Europe  coming  in  competition  with  American  labor, 
and  he  imports  the  same  pauper  laborers  into  this  coun- 
try. He  is  the  vilest  and  most  infamous  reptile,  the 
most  villainous  beast  that  ever  cursed  any  country, 
and  yet  the  four  million  cattle  who  are  the  property 
of  the  degraded  aristocracy  obey  their  call  at  all  times. 
They  are  vile  slaves.  If  you  want  to  make  dynamite, 
start  a  factory  and  advertise  it  for  sale.  Open  work 
you  have  a  perfect  right  to  do,  but  this  secret  work 
looks  suspicious  ;  and  when  you  have  a  factory,  and 
manufacture  and  sell,  you  will  have  an  opportunity  to 
experiment  and  improve  the  explosive.  But  we  tell 
you,  do  not  think  of  using  it  unlawfully;  none  but 
fools  will  do  that,  and  ten  to  one  they  get  into  limbo, 
and  what  good  does  it  do  ?  Did  it  make  matters  bet- 
ter for  the  Russians  that  the  czar  was  blown  up  ?  An- 
other and  no  better  one  took  his  place.  No,  that  will 
not  do ;  let  the  infernal  aristocracy  work  at  that  wick- 
ed thing;  it  is  in  perfect  accord  with  their  history. 
Read,  read,  and  you  will  see.  Read  the  first  part  of 
this  book — blood,  blood  ;  that  suits  aristocracy.  They 
will  strike  first.  We  say,  each  workingman,  get  you  a 
rifle  of  the  most  improved  pattern,  a  repeater  of  the 
very  best  kind,  and  do  your  duty,  and  when  the 
hydras  strike  for  your  blood,  clean  them  out  as 
clean  as  a  Winchester.     They  yearn  for  your  blood ; 


582  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

you  are  in  their  treacherous  and  vile  stealing  path,  and 
stopping  their  robberies,  and  the  only  way  you  can  pre- 
vent blood  and  carnage  is  to  be  prepared  for  the  cun- 
ning and  venomous  cobra,  and  in  that  manner  you 
will  prevent  bloodshed.  They  will  not  try  to  do  any- 
thing, if  you  are  prepared  for  the  combat.  So  mind, 
each  man  have  his  improved  repeater,  and  then  you 
will  have  your  rights  and  peace. 

All  that  is  really  good  in  society  we  owe  to  woman. 
The  regeneration  of  the  race,  and  the  opening  of  a 
higher  and  happier  existence  to  mankind,  are  sufficient 
motives  to  influence  us  to  use  all  our  exertions  to  im- 
prove the  condition  of  woman,  while  her  elevation  and 
happiness  will  be  the  most  gratifying  feature  of  a  new 
order  of  society.  Woman  will  be  the  motive  power  of 
all  human  progress.  Man  may  be,  to  whatever  extent 
we  please  to  contend,  the  head  and  hands  of  any  true 
movement,  but  woman  must  be  its  warm  heart.  Hers 
is  the  empire  of  affections,  and  her  attractions  are  suf- 
ficient motive  to  elevate  the  world,  if  she  only  be  al- 
lowed the  vantage  ground  that  belongs  to  her.  If 
woman  for  the  past  century  had  not  been  shut  out  from 
her  rightful  share  of  the  advantages  of  education,  and 
opportunities  for  studies,  the  world  would  have  made 
more  rapid  advances.  The  great  mistake  of  men  is  to 
keep  her  behind,  and  endeavor  to  get  along  without 
her.  Such  half  work  cannot  succeed  well.  Woman 
must  advance  step  by  step  with  man.  And  the  infer- 
nal aristocracy  has  kept  the  world  back  in  morals  * 
they  want  no  improvement,  but  that  which  goes  entire- 
ly to  their  benefit.  That  is  the  reason  that  they  teach 
to  the  people  that  there  are  no  honest  men,  and  that 
we  are  going  back  into  barbarism,  and  that  war  is  a 
necessity,  and  that  a  tariff  of  from  forty  to  fifty  per 
cent.,  and  even  eighty  to  one  hundred  percent.,  is  nec- 
essary for  the  people's  benefit.  The  greatest  neces- 
sity at  present  is  for  the  people — or  we  may  say 
the  workingmcn,  as  the  hub  of  the  wheel — to  know 
that  aristocracy  is  a  brake,  a  drag,  an  impediment,  a 
block  in  the  way  of  moral  progress.     Why,  they  teach 


DYNAMITE.  583 

that  we  are  degenerating!  That  is  what  they  want. 
Then  they  can  have  all  our  earnings,  as  they  always 
have  had.  We  say  to  the  workingman,  Show  your- 
self as  wise  as  the  honey  bee;  the  workers  govern  the 
hive.  A  silly  wiseacre  S2iid  that  the  honey  bee  is  ruled 
by  a  queen.  Not  so ;  the  queen  is  only  a  mother.  The 
honey  bee  is  a  democratic  colony  ;  the  workers  govern, 
and  the  times  will  not  be  good  until  we  see  the  same 
principle  carried  out  in  human  society.  For  what  are 
we  keeping  those  lying,  thieving,  robbing,  treacherous 
drones?  No  one  can  tell.  And  think  of  the  expense 
of  keeping  those  blood-suckers.  Parties  of  ^20,000  to 
1^40,000  ;  and  who  pays  }     The  workingman. 

The  aristocrat  tyrant  knows  but  little  of  the  rights 
of  others,  and  he  does  not  know  his  own  rights,  only 
in  a  small  measure.  As  we  have  said  before,  he  who 
understands  his  own  rights,  and  maintains  them,  gen- 
erally concedes  jtistice  to  others.  The  black  Repub- 
lican does  not  know  his  deficiency  in  this  point.  We 
have  never  yet  heard  one  of  those  minions  say  that 
such  and  such  measures  were  just;  all  he  cares  for  is, 
if  it  bring  monev  in  his  pocket.  Who  ever  heard  a 
black  imp  being  in  favor  of  any  measure,  but  what  is 
for  his  own  interest.'^  It  does  not  matter  how  unjust 
it  is,  he  does  not  care  for  that.  Through  unnumbered 
ages  he  has  stolen  his  brothers'  rights,  without  con- 
scientious scruples,  and  now  he  is  just  as  keen  as  a 
wolf  is  for  a  lamb,  to  steal  more.  And  we  have  shown 
by  the  bill  the  greatest  stealing  in  the  years  i860  to 
1865,  that  ever  has  been  committed  in  the  world. 
We  are  fully  satisfied  that  its  parallel  has  never  been, 
and  sincerely  hope  they  never  will  be.  And  we  say 
to  the  people  of  the  United  States,  Never  let  those 
thieves  again  get  in  office ;  you  should  know  better. 
If  you  let  them  get  control  of  the  government  again, 
it  will  take  rivers  of  blood  to  put  them  out ;  and  we 
will  wager  that  Cleveland  w'lW  not  live  his  term  out; 
they  will  make  away  with  him  in  some  way.  Read 
this  book,  and  you  will  see  what  the  brutes  have  done, 
and  they  have  not  reformed  one  iota.     And  after  you 


584  THE    workwoman's    GUIDE. 

have  read  the  book,  you  will  come  to  the  same  con- 
clusion. And  they,  likely,  will  get  a  black  Democrat 
to  do  the  bloody  deed,  then  they  will  raise  a  tremendous 
excitement,  and  come  out  in  their  true  colors  and 
raise  the  flag  of  despotism,  and  the  four  million  slaves 
will  readily  march  into  line.  This  is  in  perfect  accord 
with  their  history.  Read  the  first  half  of  the  book. 
We  cannot  expect  that  a  brute  will  act  like  a  human 
being;  they  have  always  acted  like  brutes.  Read  and 
judge  for  yourselves.  You  will  find  enough  in  this 
book.  When  they  chose  the  presiding  officer  of  the 
Senate,  they  knew  that  such  a  contingency  might 
naturally  happen,  and  the  responsibility  would  likely 
be  laid  to  them.  And  they  talked  of  electing  a  Demo- 
crat to  the  vice  presidency ;  that  would  have  been  the 
best  for  them  very  likely  in  the  end.  But  they  never 
did  a  disinterested  good  act  in  their  lives;  and  it  is 
reasonable  to  expect  they  never  will. 

The  sense  of  justice  to  ourselves,  and  the  sense  of 
justice  to  our  fellow-creatures,  bear  a  constant  ratio  to 
each  other;  that  is,  if  a  man  has  a  keen  sense  of  his 
own  rights,  he  also  has  a  like  sense  for  the  rights  of 
others.  These  fellows  will  make  good  slaves  or  great 
tyrants.  But  a  man  who  has  proper  sense  of  his  own 
rights  will  not  be  a  slave.  Not  so  of  the  four  millions 
thieves  and  slaves ;  they  have  no  conception  of  their 
own  riehts.  and  have  no  idea  of  the  rights  of  others, 
and  are  perfect  slaves.  Not  one  in  twenty  of  those 
four  millions  liars,  thieves  and  slaves,  will  desert  the 
black  Republican  codfish  aristocracy,  it  matters  not 
what  the  infernals  do.  They  are  slaves  from  their  own 
choice,  and  they  know  no  better,  and  they  have  no  de- 
sire to  know  better.  All  the  reasoning  in  the  world 
would  not  turn  them.  They  are  like  the  old  Feudal- 
ists ;  all  they  know  is  to  follow  their  master  to  good  or 
evil,  it  is  all  the  same  to  them.  I^ut  there  will  be  no 
good  in  their  leaders,  as  their  motto  is  "  lie,  steal  and 
])] under.  "  So  it  always  has  been,  and  always  will  be, 
as  long  as  black  Republican  organization  exists  ;  and 
there  is   but   one   way  lo  eradicate  it,  that   is  for  the 


DYNAMITE.  585 

working  men  to  unite  and  put  them  down  at  the  polls 
A  working  man  should  hate  and  loathe  these  scamps, 
as  bad  as  he  hates  a  cobra,  and  as  he  should  hate  vice. 
The  only  way  to  put  down  vice  is,  to  hate,  abominate 
and  detest  it ;  so  the  working  men  should  do  to  the 
lying,  thieving  villains  who  steal  your  wages,  and  tell 
you  at  the  same  time  that  they  are  the  friends  of  the 
working  man  ;  and  the  four  millions  slaves  and  fools 
believe  all  those  robbers  and  thieves  tell  them.  But 
the  time  will  certainly  come  when  justice  and  truth 
will  predominate  on  the  earth  ;  that  time  may  be  long 
deferred.  But  it  is  easy  enough  to  see  that  the  time 
will  come  that  labor  rules  the  earth.  This  government 
may  pass  away,  and  a  aristocratic  dynasty  succeed  lor  a 
short  time,  but  it  will  go  down  in  blood  and  fratricidal 
strife,  and  carnage,  vile  and  excessive  butchery,  and 
sanguineous  conflict,  until  not  one  is  left  to  tell  the  tale. 
We  tell  you,  that  by  the  science  of  philosophy,  and  by 
the  light  to  be  gathered  from  history,  this  black  Re- 
publican infernal  aristocracy  cannot  stand;  so  went 
the  lost  civilizations. 

We  will  give  a  political  resolution  passed  by  a  black 
Republican,  codfish  aristocracy,  in  pandemonium,  con 
vened  at  Modesto,  about  1884.  It  is  as  follows;  we 
may  have  given  it  before.  It  should  be  inserted  a  half 
a  dozen  times.  "  That  we  stand  today,  as  before,  and 
always  stood,  opposed  to  the  dangerous  encroachments 
of  the  railroad  monopoly,  by  their  unjust  exactions  and 
discriminations  in  freights  and  fares,  and  their  refusal 
to  pay  their  just  proportion  of  the  taxes  levied  upon 
their  property ;  and  that  we  instruct  our  delegates  to 
the  State  Convention  to  support  for  the  position  of  rail- 
road commissioner,  in  this  district,  a  man  whose  hon- 
esty and  integrity  are  unquestioned,  and  whose  ability 
has  been  demonstrated  by  an  honorable  record  in  the 
past."  This  resolution  the  infamous  infernals  passed. 
Now  every  man  knows  that  they  lied  ;  that  they  glo- 
ried over  the  defeat  of  the  bill  to  compel  the  railroad 
to  pay  their  taxes ;  and  they  taunted  the  Democrats 
for  endeavoring  to  compel  the  octopus  to  pay  taxes  as 


586  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

other  men  have  to.  This  is  the  most  degraded  and 
infamous  piece  of  lying  and  deceit  that  the  country 
has  seldom  seen,  and  never  has  been  paralleled  only  by 
those  infernal  scamps.  Congress  intended  that  they 
should  do  such  stupendous  lying  and  fraud,  when 
they  gave  the  money  and  land  to  build  the  road. 
That  is  what  it  was  given  for.  They  intended  that 
the  railroad  men  should  corrupt  and  degrade  the  vot- 
er, by  bribes  and  threats,  to  vote  the  black,  infernal 
ticket.  They  say  the  people  are  not  fit  for  self  gov- 
ernment, and  that  is  the  manner  they  employ  to  prove 
their  prediction.  But  they  first  degrade,  and  crimin- 
ate, and  commit  indictable  offenses  to  demoralize  the 
people.  They  would  make  a  league  with  Belial  and 
give  themselves  to  Erebus,  if  that  would  ruin  the 
Democracy.  Shame  !  Did  our  forefathers  have  any 
conception  that  there  should  be  such  vile  reptiles,  to 
do  such  nefarious  acts }  No,  they  did  not.  John 
Adams,  of  old,  thought  of  such  acts  when  he  said: 
"  If  the  aristocrats  could  win  no  other  way,  they  would 
pretend  to  be  Democrats."  Here  we  have  the  same 
principle  carried  out.  If  we  had  no  name  to  call 
them  by,  we  would  have  to  classify  them  with  the 
brutes,  and  that  of  the  lowest  order.  None  but  the 
lowest  brutes  live  on  their  species  as  the  black  imps 
do. 

In  the  future,  cooking  will  be  lessened  in  labor  much 
from  what  it  is  now,  which  will  make  it  easier  for  wo- 
man, and  she  then  will  have  time  to  read,  instead  of 
constant  drudgery;  then  she  will  have  time  to  educate 
the  children,  and  woman  is  the  proper  person  to  edu- 
cate children,  and  woman  should  have  the  best  educa- 
tion, as  we  are  to  look  to  her  for  the  elevation  of  the 
race.  i\  woman  who  is  pressed  down  with  poverty, 
and  disease,  and  distress,  and  cares,  can  not  do  justice 
to  her  children.  The  necessaries  of  life  once  insured, 
fully  and  amply,  and  confidence  of  plenty  for  the  fu- 
ture, then  will  easily  be  acquired  the  luxuries  and  fine 
furniture  which  woman  knows  how  to  adorn  the  dwell- 
ing with.     She  will  surround  us  with  beauty  and  ele- 


DYNAMITE.  587 

gance,  and  make  life  pleasant.  As  said  before,  she 
then  will  have  time  to  prosecute  the  higher  branches, 
such  as  geometry,  astronomy,  and  mathematics,  and 
music  will  be  made  easy.  She  will  discourse  sweet 
harmony  upon  many  musical  instruments,  and  she  will 
pay  attention  to  vocal  music,  and  give  us  celestial 
strains  of  delicious  music.  We  have  no  doubt  that  a 
new  era  is  about  to  come  on  the  earth,  and  all  we  have 
to  do  is  to  assist  nature  in  her  glorious  work.  Woman 
then  will  be  like  another  being.  Now  we  know  noth- 
ing of  the  capacity  of  the  women.  They  are  enslaved, 
oppressed,  abused.  Not  long  since,  a  brute  of  a  man 
knocked  his  wife  with  his  fist,  and  he  is  in  the  habit 
of  abusing  and  insulting  her  at  times.  Ages  of  want, 
oppression,  and  poverty,  and  misery,  have  produced 
a  keen  desire  for  that  glorious  future.  Then  man  will 
see  that  he  has  been  doing  great  injustice  to  woman. 
Then  the  earth  will  groan  under  the  weight  of  her 
productions.  The  man  will  appreciate  the  kindness 
and  virtue  and  accomplishments  of  woman  ;  then  the 
world  will  be  one  continual  scene  of  happiness,  and  all 
this  will  be  accomplished,  and  the  lying,  cheating  and 
swindling,  black  Republican,  infernal,  codfish  aristoc- 
racy will  be  banished  from  the  earth,  as  these"  things 
cannot  come  to  pass  as  long  as  one  man  holds  the 
property  of  two  hundred  thousand  persons  in  his  infer- 
nal grasp,  and  four  millions  of  liars,  thieves,  fools  and 
venal  tools  do  the  bidding  of  a  few  nabobs,  and  does 
not  see  the  effect  it  has  on  his  own  interest.  Poor 
simpletons  do  all  they  can  to  make  their  children  hew- 
ers of  wood  and  drawers  of  water. 

Man  conceived  the  idea  of  liberty,  and  he  has  made 
progress  in  that  direction,  but  his  liberty  is  restricted. 
See,  the  fact  that  one  man  possesses  the  property  that 
is  the  share  of  the  property  of  all  the  voters  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  Let  us  explain,  as  some  smart  fool  may 
read  this  article.  The  average  of  the  property  of  each 
individual  in,  say  in  the  United  States,  as  it  would  not 
be  an  average  to  take  the  city  only,  is  less  than  nine 
hundred  dollars,  and  two  hundred  millions  divided  by 


588  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

nine  hundred  is  222,222,  which  is  about  as  man}''  vot- 
ers as  is  in  the  city.  So  you  see  that  the  grabber  had 
the  average  property  of  222,222.  That  is  what  is  the 
matter  with  the  country.  A  few  men  have  the  money, 
and  have  more  than  they  know  what  to  do  with,  and 
they  have  stolen  in  the  last  twenty-four  years  more 
than  the  country  is  worth.  No  wonder  the  times  are 
hard  ;  times  will  be  harder  than  they  are  now.  We 
have  not  yet  realized  the  stringency  of  the  coils  of  the 
python,  and  we  do  not  see  the  day  coming,  no  signs  of 
it ;  all  is  as  dark  as  Erebus  for  a  long  time.  But  the 
millennium  is  sure  to  come.  At  present  the  infernal,  ly- 
ing, four  million  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy 
is  in  the  way.  They  are  like  the  dog  in  the  manger, 
they  steal  for  their  masters,  but  they  get  none  of  the 
stealings.  (Read  the  bill.)  Woman  will  redeem  the 
world  ;  that  is  her  mission.  When  the  egregious  fools, 
the  four  millions  strong,  see  how  they  have  been  lied 
to,  fooled,  and  indirectly  insulted,  when  they  see  how 
they  have  been  made  cats-paws  of,  how  they  have  been 
robbed  under  the  disguise  of  friendship,  then  the  egre- 
gious fools  will  agree  with  us  that  they  have  been  the 
greatest  liars  and  thieves,  and  received  none  of  the 
stealings;  that  they  have  been  serfs  and  slaves  ;  that 
they  have  worked  to  make  paupers  of  the  human  race  ; 
that  they  have  been  the  greatest  fools  and  knaves  ; 
that  they  have  been  dishonest,  and  the  most  perfect 
tools  of  destruction  that  the  world  ever  produced. 
This  the  infernal  fools  may  or  may  not  see.  It  is  best 
that  they  do  not  see  it;  that  is,  it  will  be  best  for  the 
infernal  leaders  of  the  codfish  aristocracy.  If  they  see 
it  in  the  next  few  years,  there  will  be  the  greatest  car- 
nage and  spilling  of  human  blood  that  this  country 
has  ever  seen ;  greater  than  the  civil  war. 

We  should  never  forget  the  history  of  the  past,  from 
that  we  are  to  learn  the  future.  And  on  the  wicked 
and  demonian  acts  of  the  barbarians  of  ancient  times, 
and  nearly  all  that  horrible  work  was  transacted  by 
the  infernal  aristocracy.  If  we  scan  history  carefully 
we  will  see  the  diabolical  work  of  the  barbarian  in  the 


DYNAMITE.  589 

aristocrat.  All  rob,  lie,  steal,  cheat,  plunder.  Read 
history,  and  you  find  nothing  else.  And  to  this  day 
see  the  enormous  standing  armies,  and  the  immense 
expense.  We  know  an  orthodox  man,  who  says,  Man 
is  a  failure,  and  that  he  has  not  progressed  in  morals. 
We  hope  that  he  does  not  draw  that  conclusion  from 
his  own  standing  in  the  moral  world,  and  yet  one  is 
apt  to  think  it  bespeaks  a  very  low  opinion  of  self ; 
and  it  manifests  but  a  trifling  faith  in  the  architect  of 
the  universe.  It  appears  that  the  Creator  will  finish 
his  work.  Man  a  failure — then  the  Creator  is  a  "poor 
Deity.  No,  this  cannot  be  ;  man  is  but  in  his  infancy  ; 
he  is  destined  to  be  perfect ;  the  nations  are  marching 
forward,  and  those  in  the  rear  are  taking  heart,  and 
having  courage.  What  the  need  is  most,  is  moral 
principle,  and  they  are  slowly  acquiring  that.  The 
aristocracy  is  the  infernal  demon  that  stands  in  the 
path  of  true  civilization,  and  impedes  its  progress. 
But  the  people  will  before  long  lay  that  diabolical  hy- 
dra on  the  shelf,  ticketed  extinct.  "Died  for  want  of 
the  opportunity  to  steal  and  plunder."  As  soon  as  the 
workingmen  rule,  they  will  take  the  honey  bee  for 
their  model,  and  "  aristocracy  will  have  to  go."  Drones 
will  soon  know  their  place  ;  then  woman  will  begin  to  re- 
form. One  said  what  we  want  most  is  honest  govern- 
ment— and  he  went  for  it.  We  say,  Heaven  protect 
him,  and  hope  he  will  find  his  reward  in  a  higher  p/ane 
of  consciousness.  That  was  a  great  advancing  in  mor- 
als. We  hope  he  will  not  lag,  but  will  continue  to 
mount  the  hill  (political  honesty).  The  highest  soci- 
ety will  naturally  spring  from  the  highest  now  existing, 
but  that  is  not  certain.  Sometimes  the  highest  nation 
falls  back  in  civilization,  and  a  lower  one  makes  rapid 
strides,  and  passes  one  considerably  advanced.  We 
have  seen  by  history  that  nations  rise  and  fall,  and  we 
do  not  know  but  what  this  United  States  may  take  a 
back  seat  in  Tartarus,  with  its  infernal  aristocracy. 

The  means  of  improving  the  race  are  constantly 
multiplying.  Man  is  more  capable  of  improvement, 
and  one  improvement  is  a  stepping-stone  to  another. 


590  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

The  man  who  reads  many  books  is  a  better  thinker 
than  he  who  reads  but  one.     We  say  to  the  working- 
man,   Read  ;  and  get  the  best  books  you  can.     If  you 
have  leisure  to  read  five  minutes,  utilize  it.     And  think 
of  what  you  have  read.     The  reading  nations  are  the 
most  difficult  to  enslave.     Germany  has  taken  the  lead 
in  religious  toleration.     That  is  a  great  step  in   the 
ri,2:ht  direction.     But  she  is  behind  in  politics.     She 
has  a  tyrant  who  keeps  her  in  slavery.     But  she  will 
show  her  independence  soon.     France,  a  century  ago, 
began  to  be  educated  in  liberal  principles.     She  waged 
a  bloody  war  against  aristocracy,  aud  much  good  has 
come  out  of  it.     Large  estates  have  been  confiscated, 
and  sold  to  the  poor  in  small  parcels,  and  at  this  day 
France  is  less  trampled  upon  by  landlords  than  Euro- 
pean governments  generally.     But  there  is  a  woeful 
despotism  in   the   European  countries,   in  the  oppres- 
sions by  the  rich.     The  poor  are  ground  down  to  the 
very  lowest  depths  of  poverty  and  distress,  while  the  vile 
aristocracy  roll  in  luxury  and  extravagance,  which  has 
all  been  stolen  from  the  people.     Some  ddij  juslice  will 
settle  the  question.     Every  man  has  aright  to  the  soil, 
but  a  few  land-sharks  take  most  all.      Workingmen, 
you  will  be  the  first  to  contest  the  ownership  of  the 
large  tracts  of  land,  and  you  will  see  that  the  govern- 
ment takes  possession  of  all  the  land  by  degrees,  and 
in  one  hundred  years  she  will  have  it  all,  and  rent  it  to 
any  poor  man  who  wants  a  few  acres  to  cultivate,  and 
she  will  get  more  money  out  of  it  than  she  does  now, 
and  employ  no  more  officials  to  collect  it,  and  it  will 
prove  to  be  a  money-making  plan.     We  pull  down  old 
edifices,  and  build  new  ones.     But  the  great  social  and 
political  edifice  is  yet  to  raise,  that  is,  the  workingman 
will   rule,  and  the    beastly   aristocrat  laid   in  his  lair. 
When  woman  has  free  scope  to  her  powers,  then  civil- 
ization will  be  accelerated  many  fold.     She  has  been 
foremost  in  most  of  the  progress  of  the  race,  and  she 
will   take  the  lead,  and  direct  the  reformatory  move- 
ments of  the  future.     When  the  men  have  kept  the 
women  in  servitude  and  slavery,  the  curse  of  the  Cre- 


I 


DYNAMITE.  59 1 

ator  has  visited  him,  and  where  she  has  had  her  rights, 
blessings  upon  blessings  have  favored  him. 

The  savage  never  looked  for  civilization,  yet  it  came. 
The  men  of  one  hundred  years  ago  did  not  think  of 
railroads,  nor  did  they  conceive  of  steam  navigation. 
We  have  traveled  more  than  half  in  progress  in  the 
arts  and  sciences,  but  in  morals  we  are  lagorina  behind. 
The  sciences  go  hand  in  hand  together,  but  morals 
has  no  assistance,  and  the  millennium  cannot  come  any 
other  way  but  by  the  work  of  woman.  Now  every 
person  that  has  observed  any,  can  see  that  woman  is 
far  in  advance  of  man  in  morals.  There  is  hope  for 
the  world.  We  would  give  it  up  as  lost  but  for  wom- 
an. There  is  sure  help,  she  will  save  the  world  in 
spite  of  the  four  million  thieves,  liars  and  robbers. 
We  have  seen  the  woman  a  slave  to  man,  abused  and 
insulted,  degraded.  We  have  seen  her  beat  by  her 
husband,  and  in  some  countries  they  are  caged  like 
pretty  birds.  But  in  the  future  woman  will  be  her 
own  master,  and  do  as  she  pleases.  A  sick  race  can 
do  but  little ;  well,  people  must  learn  how  to  get 
health.  An  unsound  body  cannot  maintain  a  sound 
mind.  Sickness  is  partial  death.  A  healthy  man  does 
not  commit  suicide.  Woman  is  a  moral  being ;  she 
will  lead  man  in  the  path  of  honor  and  virtue.  Man 
at  present  is  a  barbarian,  that  is,  the  four  million 
thieves ;  they  are  enslaving  themselves,  and  doing  all 
to  enslave  others,  and  also  their  fathers,  mothers,  sis- 
ters and  brothers,  relations  and  children,  friends  and 
also  posterity,  and  like  brutes  they  go  blindly  ahead. 
They  are  bound  to  carry  this  country  to  destruction. 
If  they  only  took  themselves  to  ruin  it  would  not  be 
so  flagitious,  but  they  are  forcing  millions  to  ruin  who 
contend  against  it,  and  they  have  no  sympathy  for 
themselves  or  feeling  for  the  race.  Read  the  bill.  We 
cannot  say  too  much  on  morals.  Honesty  is  the  pol- 
icy. A  man  lately  told  us  that  honesty  paid.  That 
should  not  be  a  consideration. 

"  Tis  said  that  virtue  starves  while  vice  is  fed. 
But  what  does  that  prove?  virtue  is  not  bread." 


592  THE    WORKINGMANS    GLIDE. 

There  is  a  higher  consideration  than  filthy  lucre. 
Morality  cannot  be  compared  with  anything  else  on 
this  sublunary  sphere.  It  is  of  celestial  origin,  and 
when  man  once  can  appreciate  it,  then  the  millennium 
is  near,  and  woman  will  direct  the  way. 

While  the  world  is  full  of  discord,  and  wrong  and 
outrage,  how  can  man  feel  that  all  are  brethren  ?  How 
can  he  love  his  neighbor,  when  he  sees  nothing  but 
fraud,  oppression,  stealing,  lying  and  robbing,  and 
crime.  This  is  the  work  of  black  infernal  Republican 
aristocracy.  Religion  of  today  is  the  same  as  society, 
how  can  it  be  better  ?  So  with  politics  of  today,  it  is  the 
same  as  the  units  that  compose  it;  and  the  four  mil- 
lions thieves  rule  the  country,  and  they  are  the  great- 
est fools  that  ever  lived  in  any  country ;  they  hate  the 
Democrats,  and  would  go  to  Erebus,  if  they  could  take 
the  Democrats  there  ;  and  they  have  about  ruined  the 
country;  they,  great  fools  have  given  it  away  to  a  few 
infernal  scamps.  That  is  the  policy  of  the  black  Re- 
publican demons.  Who  but  a  fool  and  a  scamp  will 
deny  it  ?  Look  over  the  bill  carefully  and  be  honest 
and  candid,  and  you  will  be  satisfied,  but  ycfu  will  be 
astounded  ;  you  never  dreamt  that  the  infernal  scamps 
were  so  inhuman  and  barbarous.  They  are  worse  than 
brutes.  Our  whole  structure  of  society  and  business, 
and  retail,  and  even  wholesale,  commerce  is  a  gigantic 
fraud  and  swindle ;  but  it  is  much  worse  in  politics  ; 
there  it  is  a  gangrene,  and  a  shame,  a  mortification 
and  a  putrefaction,  a  virulent  carbuncle  ;  and  the  black 
imps  have  made  it  so.  How  can  it  be  otherwise  when 
the  leading  black  scamps  say  in  public  that  there  is 
no  honest  man  ?  One  says,  Show  me  an  honest  man, 
and  I  will  show  you  a  man  who  has  hair  on  the  inside 
of  his  hand;  another  says,  that  we  are  going  back  into 
barbarism  ;  many  say  so,  and  many  say  that  war  (the 
greatest  calamity  in  the  world,)  is  a  necessity  ;  and 
that  it  is  right  to  take  all  you  can  get  for  an  article 
when  you  sell  it.  These  are  the  oral  teachings  of  the 
black  Republican  infernals.  And  we  have  heard  many 
black   scamps    talk   so  ;  but   no  good    Democrat  says 


THE    RIGHT    TO    THE    USE    OF    THE    EARTH.  593 

any  such  thing.  The  black  demons  wish  to  degrade 
us  into  poverty  and  ignorance  ;  they  intend  to  take  the 
little  property  that  they  have  left  to  us  ;  they  have 
stolen  the  greater  part  of  our  earnings,  and  are  yearn- 
ing to  get  it  all.  And  why  will  the  black  Republican 
infernal  continue  to  steal  and  rob  all  our  substance, 
and  leave  us  in  poverty  and  slavery  ? 


CHAPTER   XXXVIII. 

THE    RIGHT    TO    THE    USE    OF    THE  EARTH. 

There  is  no  justice  in  having  or  permitting  property 
in  lands;  that  is  a  scheme  of  the  infamous  and  villain- 
ous aristocracy.  They  saw,  and  who  cannot  see,  that 
the  possession  of  land  gives  great  power  and  influ- 
ence. He  is  an  egregious  ninny  who  cannot  see  the 
point ;  the  aristocrat  was  smart  enough  to  gobble  up 
all  he  could,  at  all  ages.  When  the  Europeans  dis- 
covered America,  they  had  the  hardihood  to  claim  the 
land,  and  they  took  it  by  force.  They  had  no  respect 
for  the  rights  of  the  Indians.  That  is  the  true  char- 
acteristic of  the  infernal  diabolicans  ;  where  have  they 
had  a  :>oul,  and  paid  respect  to  the  rights  of  others? 
And  so  it  has  been  ;  those  without  souls  have  gov- 
erned those  who  had  souls  ;  it  is  time  to  make  a 
change  for  the  better.  Let  those  rule  who  have  mor- 
al faculties.  We  tell  you  that  but  little  of  that  can  be 
found  among  the  aristocrats.  They  are  barbarians: 
always  have  been,  and  are  so  now.  Let  us  see 
by  tracing  this  land  question  to  the  present  time. 
When  this  land  of  America  was  first  discovered,  they 
immediately  commenced  giving  it  away  ;  and  it  is  easy 
to  give  away  what  is  not  theirs.  So  they  colonized, 
and  gave  away  in  tracts  as  much  as  200,000  to  1,000,- 
000  of  acres  to  a  man  ;  and  the  colonists  had  to  buy. 
See  aristocracy  ;  what  villainy,  and  the  people  had  to 
get  it  the  best  way  they  could.  That  is  what  the  tar- 
tarean   scamps  have  always   done — all   they  could   to 


594  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

make  a  few  men  rich,  and  many  poor.  And  they  do 
all  they  can  to  keep  them  poor,  so  they  can  employ 
them  to  labor  for  a  trifle.  As  one  of  the  Belials  said. 
It  will  never  be  good  times  here  until  a  poor  man  has 
to  work  for  a  sheep's  head  and  pluck  a  day,  and  lie 
under  a  cart  at  night;  and  any  man  would  soon  find 
it  out,  when  they  wanted  to  buy  a  small  piece  of  land 
to  make  a  home  of.  So  they  who  discovered  this 
country  became  robbers  and  land  pirates.  Where  we 
lived  we  knew  of  tracts.  The  Van  Rennsalaer  family 
had  a  tract  of  twenty-four  miles  square,  and  Sir  Wil- 
liam Johnson  had  a  vast  tract.  He  was  Indian  Com- 
missioner, and  it  was  said  the  Indians  gave  him  a 
maid  every  night;  and  it  was  also  said  that  he  had  all 
of  a  hundred  children  by  those  Indian  girls.  Such  is 
the  character  of  the  vile  and  infamous  aristocracy. 
This  is  a  matter  of  history,  and  it  happened  before  the 
Revolution  ;  and  his  half-breeds  and  himself  all  turned 
tories  in  the  Revolution.  He  had  an  Indian  wife,  and 
lived  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

There  was,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  many  land 
grants,  and  in  California  it  is  grant  after  grant;  no 
doubt,  forty  or  fifty  in  the  State.  The  Mexicans  also 
knew  how  to  build  up  an  infernal  set  of  drones.  You 
cannot  help  but  see  that  the  object  is  to  build  up  an 
outside  power  stronger  than  the  government,  and 
make  a  ring  that  can  control  the  people.  If  you  play 
chess,  or  checkers,  or  cards  with  a  man,  and  if  you 
can  not  see  his  object  by  his  play,  then  you  better 
give  up  and  pay  the  bill.  So,  if  the  people  can  not 
see  by  the  play  of  the  black  Republicans  what  they 
are  playing  for  he  is  a  goose,  and  the  Republican 
scamps  will  cook  him  and  pick  his  bones.  They  have 
the  largest  ring  in  the  world,  and  the  leaders  are  the 
most  unscrupulous  knaves  on  terra  firma,  and  their 
followers  are  the  veriest  fools  in  the  world.  Read  the 
bill.  The  land  owners  in  Eno^land  number,  that  is 
the  large  land  owners,  and  they  own  five  sixths  of  the 
land,  and  there  is  but  thirty  thousand  of  them.  Any 
person  can  conceive  how  the  people  will  be  slaves  if 


THE    RIGHT    TO    THE    USE    OF    THE    EARTH.  595 

a  few  own  all  the  land.  It  needs  no  proof,  any  man 
with  an  ounce  of  brains  can  see  it,  but  the  four  mil- 
lions liars,  thieves  and  slaves  and  fools  can  not  see  it. 
They  do  not  know  that  they  are  serfs  and  slaves. 
What  liberty  can  the  people  of  England  enjoy  .?  All 
the  enjoyment  the  laborer  has  is  to  work  and  drudge, 
and  drudge  and  work  ;  he  is  a  slave.  And  the  Amer- 
ican codfish  aristocrat  thinks  he  has  chained  the  lion. 
But,  Mr.  Codfish,  do  not  be  too  fast,  you  may  be  mis- 
taken ;  you  do  not  know  how  soon  you  will  have  to 
travel  in  double  quick  time.  We  shudder  to  think  of 
the  extreme  and  utter  anger,  and  the  passionate  indig- 
nation, when  they  see  how  the  thieves  have  unmerci- 
fully preyed  on  the  honest  yeomanry  of  the  country; 
and  they  must  soon  see  it.  The  tartareans  think  their 
money  will  save  them,  but  money  will  not  always  save 
thieves ;  the  people  may  take  the  money,  and  let  the 
codfish  go  in  their  ghastly  nakedness.  An  awful  set- 
tlement awaits  them,  and  when  their  destiny  comes  it 
will  be  as  the  thundering  of  Mauna  Loa.  And  who 
will  then  say  they  are  the  truly  good  }  None.  None 
to  assist  them  in  their  extreme  agony.  And  we  can- 
not say  how  soon  the  day  will  dawn  that  will  be  their 
anguish.  They  have  played  the  thief,  the  liar,  the  vil- 
lain; they  have  robbed  the  people,  and  these  things 
must  come  to  an  end. 

The  whole  of  the  earth  will  be  held  by  a  few  persons, 
if  the  people  do  not  put  a  stop  to  its  acquisition  by 
the  grasping,  lying  aristocracy.  We  say  there  is  no 
justice  in  property  in  land.  A  few  men  may  drive  the 
people  from  a  country  if  they  own  the  land.  It  is  time 
now  that  those  land-sharks  should  be  checked  in  cheir 
grabbing  land.  The  land  grabbers  know  that  the 
most  effectual  mode  to  enslave  a  people  is  to  obtain 
the  land  ;  then  they  can  fetter,  starve,  enslave  the  work- 
ingman  ;  and  they  have  always  done  so.  What  right 
has  a  man  of  no  acres,  when  the  soil  is  owned  by  a  few 
soulless  despots  .f*  You  know  that  he  has  none.  If  a 
man  has  no  place  to  stand  on  without  the  leave  of  an 
egregious  set  of  scamps,  then  can  you  see  that  he  has 


596  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

rights  ?  But  how  did  the  swindlers  get  title  to  the  land  ? 
Who  had  a  right  to  give  them  a  title  ?  No  person, 
as  one  individual  has  as  good  a  right  to  it  as  an- 
other.  He  who  first  takes  it  has  no  better  right  than 
others.  The  land  was  there  millions  of  years  ago,  and 
no  man  has  an  exclusive  right  to  a  square  foot  of  it. 
But,  says  the  man  who  is  gorged  with  the  blood  of  his 
enemies,  "We  hold  by  the  right  of  conquest.  As  the 
Romans  did,  so  do  we  even  now."  That  is  the  law  of 
might,  and  many  slaves  have  been  made  by  that  aris- 
tocratic law.  But,  says  the  serf,  "  Where  the  posses- 
sion has  been  in  a  family  many  years,  they  have  a  valid 
title,  as  long  possession  is  settled  beyond  doubt,  and 
gives  a  valid  title."  How  did  the  land  robbers  get 
title  to  their  land?  By  cheating,  lying,  fraud,  swind- 
ling, war,  conquest,  subjugation,  not  by  any  reasonable 
means;  nor  can  a  title  be  acquired  that  will  stand  the 
lest  of  reason  ;  and  changing  owners  does  not  alter  the 
predicament.  The  last  owner's  right  cannot  be  any 
better  than  the  others  before ;  how  can  it  he?  Let  the 
robber  show  how  he  can  get  a  good  title.  He  will  not, 
and  cannot  show.  How  long  does  it  take  to  give  pos- 
sessory title  ?  If  a  man  cannot  get  a  title  today,  to- 
morrow will  be  no  better.  How  many  years  does  it 
take  to  make  no  title  a  good  title.'*  We  cannot  solve 
that  problem.  The  truth  of  the  matter  is,  the  vile  ar- 
istocracy robbed  the  people  of  the  land.  That  could 
not  give  a  title;  his  improving  it  did  not  give  him  a 
title.  The  laborer  is  entitled  to  his  earnings,  and  the 
improvements  belong  to  the  man  who  made  them. 
He  is  entitled  to  them ;  they  are  the  results  of  his  la- 
bor, and  he  must  have  the  improvements.  Any  man 
can  see  that.  The  workingman  must  not  be  robbed 
of  his  labor;  that  must  be  stopped.  But  the  improve- 
ments do  not  take,  nor  in  reason  cannot  take,  the  land; 
that  remains  as  before,  the  property  of  the  people  ;  not 
one,  but  all.  This  is  the  only  just  conclusion  that  can 
be  arrived  at.  But  says  the  hardy  inhabitant,  "  I  found 
this  country  ;  that  makes  it  mine."  He  is  a  truly  good 
codfish  aristocrat.     Nor  can  the  land  be  equally  divided 


THE    RIGHT   TO    THE    USE    OF    THE    EARTH.  597 

among  the  people,  because  that  would  deprive  those 
coming  on  the  earth  after  us  of  having  a  place  to 
stand,  to  sit,  to  lie  down  or  be  buried ;  that  would  not 
do.  Posterity  has  rights  the  same  as  we  have,  but 
the  black  Republican,  codfish,  lying,  stealing  aristocrat 
thinks  the  world  is  his,  and  he  has  worked  on  that 
idea  from  time  immemorial.  But,  says  the  silly  tool 
of  aristocracy,  It  has  always  been  that  the  rich  shall 
have  the  earth,  and  it  always  will  be  so.  The  fool 
does  not  know  his  alphabet  of  nature.  Every  person 
knows  that  everything  changes  continually.  If  a  man 
of  a  thousand  years  ago  could  appear  in  a  civilized 
community  today,  he  would  not  think  that  things  nev- 
er changed.  He  would  be  astonished  to  see  the 
changes.  (See  Rip  Van  Winkle.)  We  have  given 
many,  and  they  are  going  on  daily.  Now  the  truth  is 
certain,  and  every  one  can  see  it,  that  the  fact  of  the 
flagitious  and  nefarious,  degraded,  vile,  lying,  stealing, 
dishonest  aristocracy  having  always  ruled,  is  positive 
proof  that  they  will  be  deposed,  discharged,  discard- 
ed, detested,  disgraced,  and  displaced.  And  a  fortun- 
ate occurrence  it  will  be  for  the  people,  for  their  hap- 
piness, and  their  well  being  generally.  The  sooner 
the  better,  as  it  costs  the  workingman  a  mint  every 
year  to  keep  that  infernal  reptile.  But  he  is  to  be  su- 
perseded by  far  better  men.  So  you  see  nature  con- 
tinually seeks  a  change,  and  effects  it;  but  what  will 
become  of  the  infernal  drones  ?  The  present  adults 
will  probably  die  in  their  extreme  iniquity.  The  wo- 
men and  children  will  amalgamate  with  the  elevated 
race,  that  is,  the  democracy.  Then  we  will  have  the 
millenium.  We  say  to  the  workingman,  Do  all  you 
can  to  hasten  that  good  and  perfect  time  that  is  cer- 
tain to  come,  and  we  hope  it  will  not  long  be  delayed. 
Is  a  railroad,  or  a  canal,  or  a  turnpike,  to  be  built  by 
the  drones.f^  They  will  have  the  government ;  that  is, 
the  people  give  money  sufficient  to  build  it,  or  loan  it 
to  them,  the  money,  which  is  the  same,  as  they  will 
never  pay,  as  we  said  before,  and  then  they  will  give 
them  land  enough  in  value  more  than  to  build  the  im- 


598  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

provement.  They  gave  them  300,000,000  of  acres  of 
land,  which  is  worth  along  the  road  five  dollars  an 
acre,  which  amounts  to  $1,500,000,000,  or  in  words  one 
and  a  half  billions.  Now,  in  the  name  of  common 
sense,  can  any  man  who  holds  such  immense  stealing 
have  a  soul  ?  Examine  the  question,  and  you  decide 
it  without  asking  any  person,  as  every  human  being 
should  have  brains  enough  to  decide  that  question. 
And  again,  do  you  think  such  a  man  should  live  in  an 
honest  and  thriving  community  ?  We  answer  both 
these  questions  in  the  negative.  The  aristocrats 
never  ask  the  peeple  if  they  shall  give  away  any  land 
or  money.  If  they  have  the  power  they  give,  or  to  state 
the  truth,  they  steal,  and  rob,  and  plunder,  and  give  it 
away.  But,  no  doubt,  they  are  paid  for  it,  or  they  could 
not  get  rich  so  suddenly ;  they,  no  doubt,  divide  the 
stealings.  Mind,  it  is  stealings ;  they  have  no  right  to 
give  anything  away.  The  Democrats  did  not  do  so, 
and  they  said  it  was  unconstitutional.  But  you  must 
be  satisfied  by  this  time,  that  they  are  building  up  a 
power,  that  they  are  determined  to  make  stronger 
than  the  people ;  and  it  is  the  people's  money  they  are 
giving  away.  If  it  was  their  money  and  land,  a  differ- 
ent deal  would  be  made,  no  doubt.  Some  think  this 
an  intricate  and  dijfficult  question  to  solve.  But  we 
say  it  is  not ;  it  can  be  done  very  easily.  Now  we  will 
give  the  first  step;  and  take  notice,  and  do  not  let  it 
be  forgotten.  Sell  no  more  land,  but  rent  it,  and  gov- 
ernment will  get  more  money  than  it  does  now.  From 
now  let  that  be  done,  and  the  land  grabber  will  have  a 
euthanasy — an  easy  death.  This  started  first,  the  sec- 
ond will  easily  follow;  that  is  to  tax  land,  and  no  other 
property,  and  that  is  the  only  tax  that  should  be  raised. 
These  two  measures  will  settle  the  land  grabbers  for 
all  time,  and  we  suppose  that  the  workingman  will 
not  counsel,  listen,  nor  notice  the  infernal  aristocracy  ; 
they  are  your  fiends,  enemies,  and  slave  makers. 

The  business  of  the  four  millions  is  to  rob  from  the 
people,  and  give  to  the  codfish  aristocracy.  They  are 
ready  at  any  time  to  obey  the   mandate  of  their  mas- 


THE    RIGHT    TO    THE    USE    OF    THE    EARTH.  599 

ters  at  a  moment's  notice.  They  are  serfs  and  slaves. 
It  is  shameful  for  human  beings  to  act  so,  but  they  act 
worse  than  brutes.  Are  they,  then,  human  beings  ? 
Which  gives  the  character  of  humanity,  which  is  the 
true  characteristic  of  humanity,  form  and  color,  or 
moral  principle  .f*  You,  reader,  judge  for  yourself. 
We  say  moral  principle,  that  is  the  highest  trait  in 
man ;  without  it  he  is  a  brute,  and  if  the  four  millions 
liars  and  thieves  are  weighed  and  judged  by  that 
standard,  they  will  have  to  be  classed  with  the  brutes. 
Once  slavery  was  considered  a  natural  and  moral  insti- 
tution, and  that  they  were  in  that  condition,  and  it 
was  the  will  of  the  Supreme  Being  that  they  should 
submit,  as  it  was  their  destiny,  and  the  Bible,  some 
said,  taught  the  doctrine  of  slavery.  But  that  did  not 
save  the  institution  in  this  country.  Yet  a  great  pro- 
portion of  mankind  hold  to  that  opinion  still.  But  the 
black  Republicans  have  a  better  way  of  stealing  men's 
labor  and  property.  It  is  the  ten  engines  of  slavery 
they  learned  from  the  British,  where  they  have  them 
nearly  all  in  successful  operation,  and  they  are  fully 
satisfied  with  the  results.  They  state  as  they  have 
stolen  so  much  money  that  they  do  not  know  what  to 
do  with  it  all.  Good  engines,  but  we  say  to  the  work- 
ingman,  it  is  an  easy  matter  to  bring  the  lying  robbers 
and  thieves  to  a  perfect  level.  All  you  have  to  do  is 
to  take  this  book  for  your  entire  political  guide,  and 
we  will  guarantee  the  workingman's  government,  and 
it  is  just  as  easy  as  to  play  third  fiddle  to  the  black  Re- 
publican scamps  and  liars.  Only  make  up  your  mind 
to  be  your  own  thinker  and  ruler,  detest  and  abhor  the 
enemies  of  labor  and  man,  and  consider  yourself  far 
superior  to  the  infernal,  black  Republican  liars  and 
thieves,  as  you  certainly  are.  Strange  it  is  to  us,  to 
see  a  superior  class  of  men  ruled  by  an  inferior  class  of 
liars  and  thieves  ;  but  such  has  been  the  world,  but  it 
is  not  long  to  be  so.  The  workingman  must  rule,  and 
the  aristocrat  must  go,  and  give  place  to  his  superior, 
the  workingman.  Do  always  think  of  the  honey  bee, 
and  take  that  worker  for  your  guide.     It  lets  no  drone 


6O0  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

rule  the  hive,  and  shame  for  human  beings  to  be  ruled 
by  l3^ing,  thieving  drones.  If  a  man  takes  any  raw 
material,  and  by  his  labor  fashions  it  into  some  valua- 
ble article,  if  the  raw  material  was  his  the  article  is  his 
own  property,  as  a  man  is  entitled  to  the  fruits  of  that 
labor.  The  government  rents  to  A  a  piece  of  land,  and 
the  renter  pays  in  cash  or  part  of  the  crop ;  when  such  is 
paid,  the  remainder  belongs  to  the  workingman.  It 
is  identical  with  making  a  tool,  instrument,  or  any- 
thing else;  that  he  adds  to  a  material  by  labor,  legiti- 
mately is  his.  If  a  man  rents  a  farm  from  the  govern- 
ment, and  improves  it  by  building  fences,  out-houses 
and  a  fine  house,  these  improvements  are  his ;  he 
has  given  his  life's  blood  for  it ;  and  no  such  good  title 
can  be  acquired  as  the  fruits  of  a  man's  labor.  Labor 
is  a  sacred  principle,  and  no  man  or  men  should  be 
held  in  extreme  detestation  as  he  who  robs  a  man  of 
his  labor.  This  the  infernal  aristocrats  have  done 
since  government  has  existed  on  the  earth  ;  and  bear 
in  mind  that  he  who  assists  in  any  way  in  such  rob- 
bery is  as  guilty  as  the  original  thief.  The  great 
charge,  and  one  that  is  an  unpardonable  offense, 
against  the  black  Republican  is,  that  by  lying,  sophis- 
try, stealing,  swindling,and  all  manner  of  cheating,  he 
has  in  various  wicked  devices  obtained  the  fruits  of 
the  laboring  man's  work,  and  taken  them  for  his  own 
use,  and  left  the  workingman  and  his  family  in  a  des- 
titute and  starving  condition.  Lately  an  honest  and 
faithful  laborer  starved  to  death.  His  labor  did  not 
keep  soul  and  body  together.  This  is  all  on  account 
of  the  stealing  of  the  black  infernals.  Read  the  bill 
carefully,  and  see  if  the  black  Republicans  are,  or  are 
not,  the  greatest  thieves  on  the  terrestrial  globe.  We 
say  they  are.  Can  you  believe  otherwise  ?  They  ex- 
cel Mephistopheles  in  lying  and  stealing.  Machiavelli 
cannot  equal  them  in  craft,  cunning,  deceit  and  strat- 
egy in  political  corruption.  But  how  can  it  be  that 
any  man  in  his  right  senses  can  assist  them  in  their 
flagitious  schemes  we  cannot  solve,  on  enlightened 
principles.      He  must  be  a  barbarian,  that  will  solve 


THE    RIGHT    TO    THE    USE    OF    THE    EARTH.  6oi 

the  question.  As  Cardan's  rule  will  not  solve  the  case 
called  the  irreducible  case,  but  it  can  be  solved  by  con- 
verging series  ;  so  we,  nor  any  other  person,  can  solve 
the  acts  of  the  internals  only  by  the  rule  for  barbari- 
ans. They  are  barbarians,  and  it  has  been  sufificient- 
ly  proved,  and  more.  Those  who  act  like  barbarians 
are  barbarians,  must  be  barbarians. 

Much  is  said  by  men  of  little  brains  about  Commun- 
ism; we  cannot  see  how  it  can  be  evil.  If  a  man  agrees 
to  go  to  work  on  that  theory,  it  is  his  own  business,  and 
if  he  does  not  like  it  when  it  is  too  late,  he  can  draw 
out.  We  want  none  of  it;  but  that  does  not  prove 
that  it  is  good  or  bad.  The  perfect  liberty  must  per- 
mit men  to  establish  Communist  societies,  if  they  de- 
sire; who  has  a  right  to  prevent  them .?  Whether  it  is 
profitable  or  not,  they  may  solve  to  their  satisfaction. 
We  say  they  have  a  right  to  try  it,  as  they  make  it 
satisfy  us.  If  it  would  benefit  men,  at  present,  we 
doubt.  It  looks  to  us  that  men  should  be  quite  moral 
to  make  that  a  success.  We  have  told  our  working- 
men  that  they  must  not  believe  a  word  the  infernal 
aristocrat  says  about  politics,  and  he  better  be  careful 
in  anything.  They,  the  black  imps,  have  much  to  say 
against  Communism.  We  must  say  our  experience 
teaches  us  that  when  black  Republican,  codfish  aris- 
tocracy cry  aloud  about  anything,  that  it  is  very  reas- 
sonable  to  believe  it  is  a  good  thing  ;  and  if  they  are 
very  eager  and  ardently  in  favor  of  any  scheme,  it 
very  likely  is  a  plan  to  steal,  rob  and  plunder  the  peo- 
ple, as  that  is  the  way  they  get  their  living,  and  that  is 
the  harp  they  play  on  continually.  So  the  signs  are 
that  communism,  well  conducted,  is  a  good  theory. 
But  man  is  too  much  of  a  barbarian  to  conduct  it  suc- 
cessfully. But  why  is  it  that  black  Republicans  are  so 
vehemently  opposed  to  communism  ?  We  can  tell 
you.  Such  a  society  is  managed  by  its  own  men  chos- 
en for  officers,  and  you  can  see  the  tartarean  scamps 
cannot  rule  them  with  a  rod  of  iron.  They  want  to 
rule  the  country,  and  have  the  whole  benefit  by  lying 
and  stealing.     And  another  reason,  communists  live, 


602  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

probably,  more  within  their  own  means,  and  the  preda- 
cians  have  less  opportunity  to  swindle  them.  We  can 
see  that  it  does  not  give  the  Belials  as  good  a  field  for 
profit  as  they  want,  and  all  is  wrong  that  does  not  as- 
sist the  liars  and  thieves.  So  we  are  inclined  to  look 
favorably  on  the  theory,  if  there  is  no  fraud  or  force 
used  before  or  after  joining  the  society.  Let  the  peo- 
ple have  their  full  liberty  to  join  any  society  that  is 
not  detrimental  to  society  around  them ;  and  so  it  will 
be  in  spite  of  the  lying,  thieving,  robbing,  black  Re- 
publicans. There  are  tens  of  tens  of  different  societies 
in  the  community,  and  if  they  are  not  immoral  or  inju- 
rious, all  right.     So  with  the  communist  societies. 

It  is  natural  that  man  should  accumulate  property, 
it  is  his  inclination,  and  it  is  necessary  for  his  welfare. 
The  desire  is  not  uniform  ;  in  some  it  is  much  stronger 
than  in  others,  and  in  some  it  is  almost  deficient.  The 
people  who  have  it  the  strongest  are  the  Jews.  Those 
who  have  the  faculty  very  large  will  not  join  the  com- 
munists, as  they  will  strike  out  for  themselves.  But 
those  that  have  the  faculty  small  may  join  the  com- 
munists if  they  are  not  too  lazy  to  work ;  then  they 
will  turn  out  tramps;  and  tramps  are  like  the  codfish 
aristocracy,  they  will  do  any  mean  act  rather  than 
work,  even  if  it  is  lying,  robbing  and  stealing.  The 
black  Republican  infernals  are  tyrants  and  despots. 
They  would  like  all  to  bow  to  them,  and  apotheosize 
them.  They  think  they  should  be  the  alpha  and 
omega  in  the  world,  and  all  worship  them.  But  their 
end  will  surely  come;  they  will,  some  time  in  the  fu- 
ture be  extinct,  and  the  working  man  will  rule.  And 
when  the  lying  saurian  is  gone,  there  will  be  no  more 
robbing  and  stealing;  then  you  may  know  that  the 
millenium  is  at  hand.  What  an  easy  matter  it  will  be 
then  to  make  a  heaven  of  tliis  telluric  sphere.  Work- 
ingmen,  you  can  soon  make  it  so  ;  but  you  must  be 
united,  and  not  believe  a  word  the  saurians  tell  you, 
and  beware  of  wolves  in  sheep's  clothing,  and  black 
Democrats.  When  the  black  Republicans  are  turned 
out  to  grass  (and  they  should  have  been  a  long  time 


THE    RIGHT    TO    THE    USE    OF    THE    EARTH.  603 

ago,  like  Nebuchadnezzar),  then  they  will  hire  the 
black  Democrats  to  work  for  them.  So  you  see  the 
infamous  reptiles  will  die  hard.  But  we  tell  you  posi- 
tively that  they  must  die  and  give  room  for  the  com- 
ing man ;  the  working  man.  The  black  Republican, 
vicious,  venal,  villainous,  and  vile  and  vain  codfish  ar- 
istocracy will  go  the  way  of  the  saurians.  The  black 
Democrats  will  solicit  your  votes  for  old  Ben,  or  some 
other  unconscious  villain.  But  we  tell  you  again, 
Do  not  throw  away  your  votes  on  third  parties,  they 
are  traps  for  gulls  and  dunces.  No  man  of  sense  will 
be  caught  in  silly  traps  like  that.  And  do  not  let  the 
black  internals  get  away  with  you.  If  they  offer  you 
money  be  sure  and  get  it,  and  then  vote  the  ticket  of 
your  own  choice ;  that  will  be  doing  justice  to  the  in- 
fernal scamp.  If  voters  should  do  that,  it  would  break 
up  the  greatest  dependence  of  the  corrupt  and  degrad- 
ed and  unprincipled  bucaneers  ;  and  it  would  hasten 
their  departure.  And  may  the  time  be  near  at  hand 
when  aristocracy  will  have  to  bite  the  dust. 

A  man  has  a  right  to  the  products  of  his  hands,  on 
the  same  principle  that  he*has  a  right  to  the  products 
of  his  mind.  If  the  first  is  •his,  then  the  second 
is  his,  also,  and  he  has  the  right  to  keep  both  for  his 
own  use.  No  person  has  a  right  to  a  claim  to  such 
product.  It  does  not  trespass  on  the  rights  of  any  oth- 
er persons.  The  manufacturer  is  very  apt  to  steal  the 
right  of  his  workmen.  It  is  just  as  criminal  to  steal 
goods.  Some  persons  say  it  is  unjust  to  let  a  person 
have  the  products  of  his  mind ;  they  are  men  whom 
you  know  will  never  look  through  any  deep  matter; 
they  may  look  through  the  eye  of  a  needle,  and  they  run 
no  risk  by  opposing  the  right  of  an  inventor.  The  sew- 
ing machine  took  much  toil  and  labor  to  bring  it  to 
perfection.  The  thieving  aristocracy  stood  in  the  back- 
ground until  it  was  a  reality,  then  they  rushed  in  and 
took  the  cream  of  the  invention.  Workingman,  we 
tell  you  that  you  must  beware  of  the  predacians.  They 
are  walking  to  and  fro  on  the  earth,  seeking  whom  they 
may  devour.    Beware  of  those  brutes  if  you  invent  any- 


6o4  THE  workingman's  guide. 

thing;  and  it  is  the  workingman  who  invents  ;  it  is  they 
who  have  the  minds.  It  takes  exercise — vigorous,  and 
long-continued  exercise — to  make  a  strong  mind.  We 
say  if  you  invent  anything  good,  do  not  let  the  aristo- 
cratic gull-catcher  have  it.  At  all  events,  keep  it  for 
your  own  use.  The  inventor  does  much  for  his  race. 
It  is  said  that  he  makes  a  conquest  over  nature.  But 
that  is  as  great  a  mistake  as  ever  was  made,  and  we 
must  say  it  is  a  very  silly  expression.  Conquer  nature  ! 
Preposterous.  As  well  conquer  the  universe.  We 
are  sorry  to  hear  such  absurd  and  short-sighted  ex- 
pressions. Nature  is  the  universe.  All  we  can  do  is 
to  get  acquainted  with  her  laws,  and  then  work  in  per- 
fect accord  with  them.  Conquer  nature!  Nonsense. 
All  we  can  do  is  to  study  her  ways  and  conform  our- 
selves to  them.  We  must  obey  the  laws  of  nature,  if 
we  do  not.  we  must  suffer.  Talk  of  conquering  !  We 
must  yield  to  her  secret  mandates.  If  we  are  at  vari- 
ance with  the  laws  of  nature,  we  must  wheel  right 
about  face.  Perfect  absurdity,  to  talk  of  subduing  our 
Creator.  No,  we  must  agree  with  nature,  and  do  her 
will  as  near  as  we  can  find  out.  But,  workingmen,  do 
not  let  the  codfish  hav^  the  benefit  of  your  labor,  both 
physical  and  mental.  See  that  you  have  the  benefit  of 
your  labor.  You  have  not  had  it  heretofore,  and  it  is 
high  time  that  you  lookout  for  your  rights  ;  the  aristo- 
crat has  had  them  long  enough. 

The  seeds  of  disease  and  death  bring  a  harvest  for 
the  doctor,  and  he  deals  out  his  pills  for  the  almighty 
dollar,  and  keeps  his  science,  if  it  can  be  called  so,  a 
shrouded  mystery  and  ignorance.  The  light  of  true 
science  will  dispel  the  quackery  that  has  for  ages  led 
the  people  to  plagues  and  diseases  too  numerous  to 
mention.  The  ignorance,  and  venality,  and  fraud,  and 
villainy  of  the  present  age  will  be  looked  back  on  with 
horror,  and  pity,  and  disgust.  The  idea  that  the  infer- 
nal black  aristocracy  teach  orally,  that  we  are  going 
back  to  barbarism,  will  find  no  believers  in  the  future. 
The  doctor's  bread  depends  on  the  people's  sickness, 
and  the  ignorance  of  mankind  of  its  cause  and  cure. 


THE    RIGHT    TO    THE    USE    OF    THE    EARTH,  605 

And  the  aristocrat's  living  depends  on  the  ignorance 
and  immorality  of  man.  Nature  is  continually  tending 
to  concord,  and  peace,  and  perfection,  and  the  more 
we  study  and  find  out  the  laws  of  nature,  the  more 
successful  we  will  be  in  the  prosecution  of  any  art  and 
study.  But,  says  a  scientist,  we  will  conquer  nature. 
Says  a  fanatic,  "  Dame  Nature,  you  must  yield."  Blas- 
phemy transcendent.  Nature  never  alters  the  billionth 
of  a  hair,  she  is  always  the  same  from  eternity  to  eter- 
nity, and  any  simpleton  should  see  that  the  stability  of 
the  stupendous  universe  depends  on  that  uniformity 
of  laws.  One  law  today  and  another  soon  after,  or  long 
after,  would  soon  render  the  whole  cosmic  structure  a 
complete  chaos.  The  first  blessing  we  are  to  seek  for 
the  good  of  the  race  is  health.  We  cannot  expect  a 
development  of  the  faculties  of  our  race,  unless  we 
have  health.  Perfect  health  will  ensure  to  woman 
perfect  beauty,  and  in  the  future  woman  will  attend  to 
her  health  more  than  she  has  heretofore,  and  she  will 
be  doubly  repaid  in  her  power  to  do  good  to  the  race. 
Man  will  not  advance  rapidly  in  progress  until  he  has 
a  sound  constitution  ;  then  follows  a  sound  body  and  a 
sound  mind.  The  time,  no  doubt,  will  come  when 
man  will  make  calculations  in  his  mind  that  he  now 
cannot  make  on  paper.  We  all  can  see  how  ham- 
pered, and  restricted,  and  confined  we  are  in  mental 
powers.  The  time  will  come  when  the  coming  man 
will  add,  subtract,  multiply  and  divide  in  his  mind  to 
a  great  extent.  So  we  must  have  faith  and  hope  in 
the  future,  as  we  can  take  much  solace  in  the  consid- 
eration of  the  perfection  of  the  race.  And,  says  the 
fool,  we  are  going  back  to  barbarism.  He  is  a  barba- 
rian who  says  so.  Do  not  believe  a  word  of  it.  The 
destiny  of  the  race  is  onward  and  upward. 

We  are  sailing  in  a  great  steamer.  Some  of  the 
crew  are  for  going  back  into  barbarism,  and  some  for 
advancing  towards  perfection.  Some  vowing  to  pro- 
pell  the  ship  into  a  safe  harbor,  others  vowing  to 
take  her  to  destruction.  A  few  working  for  the  good 
of   the   crew,   others   working   entirely  for  their  own 


6o6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

good,  and  it  pains  them  when  others  prosper,  and 
they  endeavor  to  keep  the  needy  from  gaining  a  de- 
cent livelihood,  because  they  will  not  have  so  good  an 
opportunity  of  swindling,  cheating,  stealing  and  rob- 
bing from  them.  The  last  are  the  black  Republican, 
codfish,  infernal  aristocracy.  We  tell  you,  working- 
man,  do  not  let  the  diabolicals  pull  the  wool  over  your 
eyes ;  beware  of  the  thieves  and  liars,  they  are  watch- 
ing to  get  an  opportunity  to  devour  you  ;  beware. 
The  human  race  has  learned  much  in  a  few  thousand 
years,  but  it  has  much  more  to  learn ;  and  one  of  the 
most  important  things  is  to  learn  how  to  live.  Whole 
nations  are,  at  this  day,  suffering  from  the  pinchings 
of  poverty.  Thousands  are  dying  from  hunger  and 
want  in  the  American  cities.  They  have  none  of  the 
comforts  of  life,  and  few  of  the  bare  necessities  of  life. 
Yet  all  the  earth,  all  nature,  is  teeming  with  wealth, 
which  needs  intelligence  and  industry  of  man  to  ob- 
tain it.  Earth,  air,  and  sunshine  and  water  are  at 
hand,  to  furnish  us  with  food  and  clothing,  and  all 
the  comforts  and  luxuries  of  life.  The  people  of  the 
earth  produce  all  that  is  necessary  for  their  comfort, 
yet  many  are  starving.  Why  is  this  ?  Do  you  ever 
inquire  ?  We  can  tell  you.  A  few  wolves  in  lambs' 
clothing  are  taking  ten  times  their  share;  then,  of 
course,  nine  must  do  with  little  or  nothing.  A  man, 
lately  died,  had  the  property  of  more  than  two  hun- 
dred thousand  individuals.  And  any  simpleton  should 
see  that  where  a  few  have  much  property  the  many 
must  be  impoverished,  and  famished,  and  become 
paupers,  and  that  the  poorest  must  starve,  as  it  falls 
on  them  heavy,  and  it  pulls  down  the  middle  classes ; 
so  it  makes  two  classes,  the  very  rich  and  the  very 
poor.  That  there  was  something  rotten  in  the  nation 
any  one  could  see,  by  the  many  millionaires  who  were 
appearing  in  the  country.  Reader,  have  you  ponder- 
ed on  the  future  of  your  country  ?  Many  poorer  than 
a  church  mouse,  and  living  in  poverty,  distress,  starv- 
ation and  misery  ;  and  a  few  who  have  stolen  their  part 
of    the   property    living  in   luxury    and   superb   abun- 


RAILROAD    TAXES.  607 

dance,  and  giving  parties  costing  forty  thousand  dol- 
lars, and  people  near  are  starving  and  clothed  in  rags. 


CHAPTER  XXXIX. 

RAILROAD    TAXES. 

If  we  are  to  have  a  government,  it  is  quite  certain 
we  must  pay  taxes  to  run  and  support  such  govern- 
ment. Such  has  been  the  course  that  the  people  have 
adopted  since  the  foundation  of  this  government.  But 
a  new  departure  has  taken  place;  the  infernal  black 
Republican  scamps  have  refused  since  1880  to  pay 
their  railroad  taxes  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad. 
We  say  the  black  Republican  scamps  refused  to  pay, 
as  the  whole  party  supported  the  refusal  of  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  to  pay  the  tax.  They  have  paid  60  per 
cent,  in  1883,  and  for  1884  a  little  over  50  per  cent, 
of  the  face  of  the  tax.  The  impression  has  en- 
deavored to  be  made  that  the  railroad  had  paid  the 
face  of  the  taxes,  after  refusing  to  pay  the  face  of  the 
taxes  for  years.  The  fact  stands  out  to  view  that  they 
have  not  paid  the  face  of  the  taxes,  as  there  is  still  due 
on  the, face  of  such  taxes  nine  hundred  and  seventy- 
one  thousand  dollars,  and  with  penalties  and  interest 
added,  the  amount  due  from  the  diabolical  octopus 
amounts  to  over  two  million  three  hundred  and  seven- 
ty-three thousand  dollars.  The  poor  workingman 
must  pay  his  road  tax.  The  farmer,  mechanic,  and 
merchant  are  compelled  to  pay  up  their  taxes  at  the 
time  stipulated  by  law.  But  the  railroads  pay  as  much 
as  they  please,  and  when  they  will.  We  are  going  to 
destruction  when  we  cannot  collect  our  taxes.  Strange 
that  a  majority  of  the  people  are  opposed  to  having 
the  railroads  in  this  State  pay  their  taxes.  If  the  rail- 
roads should  ask  to  be  exempt  from  paying  taxes,  the 
four  million  tartarean  hounds  would  go  for  the  meas- 
ure, and  if  they  do  not  do  so  now  then  we  cannot  see. 
Did  you  ever  hear  a  black  imp  say  that  the  railroads 


6o8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

should  pay  their  taxes  ?  No,  you  have  not.  Did  the 
black  scamps  at  the  extra  session  vote  that  the  rail- 
roads must  pay  taxes  ?  No,  they  voted  against  the 
railroad  paying  taxes.  They  have  no  excuse  but  lies. 
They  paid  no  money  to  the  road  worth  mentioning; 
they  pay  but  a  trifle  to  the  government ;  they  received 
many  times  as  much  from  land  as  they  have  paid  the 
government.  They  never  intend  to  pay  the  money 
the  government  loaned  them.  It  is  now  over  sixty 
millions  of  dollars.  They  have  calculated  on  that,  not 
to  pay  the  government.  They  have  a  bogus  mortgage 
ahead  of  the  government  mortgage.  The  people  can 
see  that  an  enormous  sum  of  money  is  due  from  the 
Central  Pacific  for  taxes.  But  let  us  look  for  a  min- 
ute at  the  situation.  The  railroad  refuse  to  pay  taxes 
as  they  should;  the  assessments  are  much  too  low. 
Their  minions  assist  them  not  to  pay ;  send  men  to 
the  legislature  to  oppose  the  collection  of  any  taxes ; 
over  half  vote  for  men  that  have  no  souls,  and  do  not 
care  what  they  vote  for  in  the  legislature.  Vote  for 
railroad  men  for  railroad  commissioners  ;  laugh  at  the 
Democrats  because  they  failed  to  collect  the  taxes ; 
taunt  the  Democrats  of  having  some  men  bought  up 
like  hogs  in  a  sty.  And  the  black  Republican  part  of 
the  legislature  are  for  vice  without  being  bought..  Now, 
what  can  a  man  see  in  this  management  .f*  What  can 
he  think  of  men  that  care  so  little  for  their  government 
as  to  vote  for  a  corporation  to  pay  but  half  or  one  third 
of  their  tax.?  The  tax,  in  the  first  place,  was  not  what 
it  should  have  been.  They  should  pay  the  full  cost 
of  the  road  as  assessment.  But,  says  the  parasite,  he 
owes  a  vast  sum.  So  they  do,  and  pay  no  interest, 
and  never  will  pay  it.  The  assessors  should  not  take 
into  consideration  that  they  owe,  because  they  do  not 
pay,  and  do  not  intend  to.  The  government  will  lose 
that,  unless  the  Democrats  are  in  office.  If  the  Asmo- 
deans  are  in  office,  the  government  will  get  zero.  If 
this  does  not  excel  all  that  ever  was,  is,  or  will  be, 
then  we  are  not  apt  at  presagement.  We  said  that  the 
Democrats  were  an  honest  people  politically,  more  so 


RAILROAD    TAXES.  609 

than  the  black  infernals,  and  the  brutes  took  excep- 
tions to  that  expression.  But  we  will  ask  any  honest 
man  if  it  is  just  to  make  the  farmer,  and  workingman, 
and  mechanic  pay  full  taxes,  and  let  the  octopus  off 
with  one-third  to  one-half.  We  think  such  mean,  de- 
graded, iniquitous,  nefarious,  dirty,  befowled,  begrimed, 
besmirched,  party-spirited,  degenerated  and  base  an 
act  was  never  equalled.  Then  they  talked  of  honor; 
they  have  no  such  trait  in  their  composition,  neither 
have  they  shame  ;  their  adamantine  cheeks  know  of 
no  such  a  thing  as  shame.  We  think  that  this  trans- 
action proves  that  they  are  not  fit  to  exercise  the 
office  of  voting,  no  more  than  a  mule ;  he  could  be 
taught  to  take  the  ticket  to  the  polls  that  his  master 
gave  him,  and  that  is  all  the  four  million  liars  and  black 
Republicans  do,  and  it  does  not  make  any  difference 
how  destructive  and  ruinous — they  vote  it. 

Who  can  be  so  low  and  vile  as  to  injure  his  country  ? 
The  black  Republicans.  But,  says  the  infernal  serf, 
we  love  our  country.  Love  your  country!  You  have 
a  singular  way  of  manifesting  it,  giving  your  country 
to  a  few  lying,  thieving  scamps  ;  making  the  rich  rich- 
er, and  the  poor  poorer.  How  can  that  make  the  peo- 
ple happy  ?  How  can  that  show  love  to  one's  country  ? 
Stealing  the  poor  man's  labor,  and  as  lately  a  laboring 
man  starved  to  death  ;  his  wages  would  not  support 
him  and  his  family.  When  the  Kentucky  tax  cases 
were  decided,  the  railroad  attorney  endeavored  to  show 
that  it  was  not  decisive  on  the  California  cases,  and 
that  article  was  copied  in  all  the  slavish  and  servile 
papers  of  the  railroad  parasites,  and  one  of  the  mer- 
cenaries let  the  cat  out  of  the  bag.  What  a  vile,  and 
venal,  and  vicious,  and  villainous  press  we  have  in 
this  country.  But  some  of  them  say  they  have  as  good 
a  right  to  sell  their  paper,  as  a  lawyer  has  to  sell  his 
opinion.  The  black  tartarean  Senate  is  the  vindicator 
and  servants  of  the  railroad  companies.  They  got  the 
Senate  for  two  objects  ;  one  is  to  make  money,  and  the 
other  is  to  play  into  the  hands  of  the  vile  and  degraded 
aristocracy.     They  did  not  go  there  for  the  people  at 

39 


6lO  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

all,  and  they  work  against  the  people.  The  black  Re- 
publican four  millions  have  no  voice  in  the  election  of 
the  members  of  the  House  of  Congress,  nor  any  other 
officers.  They  have  to  vote  for  their  masters,  or  as 
their  masters  tell  them  to  ;  every  observing  person 
knows  that.  When  their  masters  say  Right  about, 
face,  they  have  to  obey.  And  if  their  masters  wish  to 
give  A,  B  or  C  a  bonus,  all  they  have  to  tell  the  four 
millions  what  to  vote  for,  and  they  are  obeyed.  But 
the  Senate  are  the  servants  of  the  railroads ;  they  vote 
as  they  say,  as  the  four  millions  do  vote  for  their  mas- 
ters. About  300,000,000  acres  of  land  has  been  given 
to  the  railroads.  The  Democrats  proposed  to  have 
the  land  revert  to  the  rightful  owner,  as  the  railroads 
had  forfeited  all  claim  to  it  by  non-performance  of 
contract,  but  the  Senate  opposed,  and  nothing  could 
be  done  in  the  matter.  Now,  the  truth  is,  that  we  are 
in  a  bad  predicament.  We  all  are  in  the  same  boat ; 
one  half  wish  to  go  to  a  good  and  safe  harbor,  where 
all  will  be  well  provided  for ;  the  other  half  are  deter- 
mined to  take  the  boat  to  destruction,  and  they  do  ^11 
they  can  to  accomplish  their  purpose.  Now,  if  they 
succeed,  the  country  is  certainly  destroyed. 

It  is  plain  to  be  seen  that  the  black  Republicans  in- 
tend to  give  the  country  away  to  the  corporations.  In 
the  first  place,  the  two  roads,  the  Central  Pacific,  and 
the  Union  Pacific,  had  thirty  years  to  pay  their  in- 
debtedness to  the  government.  The  Union  original 
debt  was  $33,539,512;  interest  to,  say  to,  November 
30,  1885,  $35,1 1 1,924;  total  debt,  $68,651,436;  this  in- 
cludes the  Kansas  Pacific.  Central  Pacific,  including 
Western  Pacific,  principal,  $27,855,680;  interest,  $28,- 
463,486;  total  debt,  $56,319,465.  The  total  credits. 
Union  Pacific,  $19,737,380;  Central  Pacific,  $8,830,288. 
They  owed  the  government  November  30,  1885,  $102,- 
627,420;  from  Union  Pacific,  $49,914,956;  from  Cen- 
tral Pacific  $47,488,877.  Union  Pacific  did  not  pay 
the  interest  on  the  debt  by  $25,116,624;  Central  Pa- 
cific did  not  pay  the  interest  by  $28,463,485.  Or  to 
shorten  the  matter,  the  Union  Pacific  owes  the  govern- 


RAILROAD    TAXES.  6ll 

raent  ^48,914,056.  The  Central  Pacific  owes  the  gov- 
ernment ^^47,488,877.  The  railroads  pay  the  govern- 
ment but  a  trifle,  as  you  can  see.  They  built  the  finest 
and  most  superb  and  magnificent  mansions  in  the  coun- 
try, made  the  greatest  parties  and  saturnalian  feasts, 
bought  up  voters  like  cattle  in  the  market,  refused  to 
pay  their  tax,  made  the  largest  vineyard  ever  was  in 
the  country,  had  the  largest  stable  of  horses  in  the 
country,  and  began  with — you  may  say  nothing,  for  it 
is  not  worth  mentioning.  And  refuse  to  pay  their 
honest  debts.  But  that  is  not  the  worst  of  it,  they  nev- 
er will;  and  a.s  matters  look  they  do  not  intend  to  pay 
and  they  have  four  million  slaves  to  assist  them  to  de- 
fy payment.  Do  you  think  he  is.  a  good  citizen  who 
vindicates  such  action. ^^  We  do  not  see  how  any  man 
can  do  so.  How  can  it  be  possible,  that  for  party 
spirit's  sake  a  man  will  give  his  counti*y  away,  and  he 
get  nothing  for  it  but  the  gratification  of  party  zeal.? 
What  fools  the  black  Republican  aristocracy  are;  but 
this  must  be  malice  and  rancor  with  it.  Yes,  and  fan- 
aticism and  lunacy.  It  cannot  be  that  a  man  in  his 
right  mind  would  give  his  country  away,  as  the  infer- 
nal black  imps  have  done.  In  twenty-four  years  they 
have  given  away  more  than  the  country  is  worth.  (See 
the  bill.)  William  Vanderbilt  made  one  party  costing 
$40,000. 

Every  small  animal  has  its  parasite,  but  that  parasite 
is  an  animal  of  some  other  species.  Many  of  the  animals 
go  in  herds,  and  there  is  very  little  fighting  with  each 
other.  Buffaloes  travel  in  herds  of  thousands,  or  used 
to,  when  they  were  numerous.  Sharks  and  alligators 
are  somewhat  of  a  different  nature.  The  carniverous 
beasts  of  the  African  jungles  do  not  seek  to  encounter 
their  own  species,  only  in  special  cases,  and  then  the 
combat  is  fatal,  generally.  A  hungry  dog  will  take 
an  animal  that  one  has  cauQ^ht  from  him.  But  none 
of  them  are  as  beastly  as  aristocracy.  They  live  by 
preying  on  their  own  species.  They  plan,  conspire, 
concoct,  medicate,  day  and  night,  when  not  in  their 
midnight  orgies,  or  in   their  saturnalian  feasts,  or  the 


6l2  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

dance  and  the  song,  how  to  cheat,  defraud,  steal,  rob 
the  hard  earnings  from  their  brother;  and  you  will 
see  that  often  the  infernal  imbrued  his  hands  in  his 
brother's,  or  his  father's,  or  his  relation's  blood.  But 
the  aristocrac}/  is  worse  than  the  brutes — to  rob  and 
steal  from  their  own  species.  They  live  by  preying 
on  their  fellow-beings,  and  always  have  done  so.  They 
are  cannibals ;  they  live  on  the  blood  of  their  fellow- 
citizens,  and  they  will  deny  it ;  but  do  not  mind  their 
denial,  they  will  deny  anything  it  is  their  interest  to, 
and  say  anything  for  their  interest,  and  do  anything 
(but  work,  that  they  will  not  do)  for  their  advantage. 
So  do  not  listen  to  the  siren  song  of  the  Belial,  do  not 
believe  a  word  he  says,  and  give  him  the  cold  shoul- 
der, and  the  day  is  yours.  But,  says  the  silly  work- 
ingman,  We  cannot  do  anything.  That  talk  comes 
from  a  fool  or  a  black  liar.  Do  your  duty.  You  have 
seen  that  the  infernal  scamps  are  enslaving  you.  They 
have  stolen  your  wages  and  are  reducing  them.  You 
can  be  quiet  until  election,  and  then  vote  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket,  that,  if  it  is  not  perfect,  (the  time  for  per- 
fection is  yet  in  the  distant  future)  ;  but  we  will  assure 
you  that  it  is  the  nearest  right,  and  always  will  be. 
You  may  as  well  turn  a  band  of  wolves  in  your  sheep- 
fold,  as  to  let  the  infernal,  black  Republican,  codfish 
aristocracy  rule  your  country.  If  you  let  them  rule 
the  country  twenty-four  years  longer,  the  country  will 
be  worse  off  than  any  country  in  Europe.  It  has  come 
to  their  degradation,  nearly. 

No  person  has  a  right  to  slander  any  person,  and 
the  laws  should  be  very  strict.  Every  man  should  be 
honest  and  upright,  and  if  men  are  not  moral  in  a  na- 
tion, that  nation  will  go  to  destruction  ;  so  will  fam- 
ilies. Those  who  lie,  cheat,  rob,  steal,  and  plunder 
will  come  to  a  bad  end.  We  counsel  virtue  and  moral- 
ity; it  makes  life  pleasant. 

"A  wit  is  a  feather,  a  chief  is  a  rod, 
But  an  honest  man  is  the  noblest  work  of  God." 

The  fundamental  cause  of  the  downfall  of  civiliza- 
tion is  immorality.     And  the  aristocrats  are  the  agents 


RAILROAD    TAXES.  613 

that  have  done  the  work.  They  labored  for  their  mas- 
ter Beelzebub,  and  they  have  always  worked  for  him, 
and  they  will  not  stop  ;  so  the  black  Republican  fa- 
natic said  to  us.  As  character  is  of  great  importance, 
it  should  be  protected ;  so,  also,  free  speech  should  be 
protected.  But  how  was  it  in  the  black  Republican 
rule?  Not  much  freedom,  only  they  had  freedom  to 
steal ;  it  appears  that  very  little  was  said  against  it 
when  they  stole  billions.  The  silly  four  million  liars 
and  thieves  were  in  their  glory  then.  But  you  can 
scarcely  believe  it  possible  that  a  thief  and  lying  black 
Republican  could  have  the  brassy  cheek  to  tell  you  he 
was  for  liberty  and  equality,  for  the  laboring-man's 
rights,  for  high  wages,  for  the  poor  man  s  interest,  and 
at  the  same  time  he  was  stabbing  all  of  them  under 
the  fifth  rib.  Just  like  the  thief  and  the  robber,  he 
talks  fine  speech  to  your  face,  and  at  the  same  mo- 
ment he  is  meditating  and  concocting  a  scheme  to 
steal  your  best  horse  and  carriage.  He  is  all  smiles 
to  your  face,  and  hates  the  sight  of  you.  He  steals 
your  property  when  you  have  faith  in  him,  and  give 
him  charge  of  it.  A  treacherous  knave  he  is  ;  he  says 
he  is  for  the  people,  when  his  house  and  barn  are  filled 
with  property  stolen  from  them,  and  he  says  hurrah 
for  the  people  and  the  truly  good  old  party,  when 
every  garment  he  has  on  his  body  is  stolen  from  the 
people.  He  lives  by  theft,  and  does  no  work.  When 
he  cannot  swindle  a  man,  he  hates  and  despises  him, 
and  studies  how  to  injure  him.  When  you  are  in  your 
bed  asleep,  he  is  having  a  carousal  on  the  fruits  of 
your  labor.  We  wish  the  reader  would  pay  particular 
attention  to  the  bill,  and  examine  it  very  carefully,  and 
judge  for  himself.  The  black  imps  will  deny  the  bill. 
Not  longer  than  in  this  century,  a  socialist  was  im- 
prisoned for  blasphemy,  in  England.  It  did  not  call 
out  much  protest,  and  was  upheld  by  many.  Many 
in  this  country  would  support  a  law  making  it  a  crime 
to  say  anything  against  officials;  and  the  black  Re- 
publicans, four  millions  strong,  would  go  it  right  or 
wrong  if  their  leaders  gave  it  a  start.     In  the  war.  no 


6 14  THE  workingman's  guide. 

man  dare  say  anything  against  the  war.     The  infer- 
nal aristocrats  reigned  supreme,  as  the  saurians  once 
did  on  the  ocean.     But  the  saurians  are  no  more,  and 
it   would  be  a  great   blessing   if   aristocracy  was    no 
more.      If  the  imperfect  community   can  not  be  gov- 
erned by  a  perfect  law,  that  does  not  prove  that  the 
law  is  bad,  but  that   the  community  is  bad.     That  is 
natural.     The  bad  nations  are  not  fit  for  to  live  under 
good  laws.     Justice  pays  no  regard  to  sex.     A  wom- 
an is  as  good  as  a  man,  and  all    will  say  yes.     But,  no 
doubt  the  women  are  not  so   rude,   not  so  wicked,  as 
the  men.     But  the  Bible  says  but  little  to  women,  and 
it  has  been  said  that  the  Turkish  religion  does  not 
admit  that  women  have  souls.     It   may  be  said  that 
women  have   no  rights  equal  to   men  ;  this    position 
cannot  be  maintained  for  a  moment.     Some  say  that 
women  have  not  as  strong  minds  as  men.     The  world 
has  produced  powerful  and  sagacious  queens ;  Zeno- 
bia,  Empress  Catharine  and   Maria  Theresa.     In  the 
exact  sciences   Mrs.  Somerville,   Miss   Herschel    and 
Miss  Zornlin.     In  political  economy,  Miss  Martineau. 
In  philosophy,   Madame  De  Staal.     In  politics,  Mad- 
ame  Roland.     Poetry  has  its  Tighes,  its   Hemanses, 
its   Landons,  its  Brownings.     The  drama  its  Joanna 
Baillie,  and  fiction  its  Austens,  Bremers,  Gores,  Du- 
devants,  &c.,  without  end.     But  woman  has  not  had  a 
fair  opportunity.     She  has  not  been  admitted  to  the 
academies,  and  universities,    and  colleges.     She    has 
not  been  permitted  to  the  professions.     We  say  not 
permitted ;  she  has  been  kept  in  the  rear  to  do  the 
bidding  of  the  tyrants  and  despots,  who    have  kept 
her  for  a  slave  and  pot  cleaner.     And  the  theory  that 
the   men    should  have  more  rights  than  the  women 
leads    us  into  j^erplexities.     Then  some  men  should 
have  more  rights  than  some  other  men,  and  some  wo- 
men should  have  more  rights  than  some  men.     This 
leads  to  inextricable  difficulty ;  and  the  true  path  is 
that  woman  is  man's  equal,  and  we  think  she  is  man's 
superior,   and  we  are  prepared  to  prove  it    so  plain 
that  all  can  see  it. 


RAILROAD   TAXES.  615 

In  the  first,  we  will  take  the  strongest  point ;  that 
is  virtue.  No  one  will  deny  that  woman  is  superior  to 
man  in  virtue,  and  it  is  fortunate  that  she  is.  If  she 
was  not  more  moral,  more  kind,  more  virtuous,  Asmo- 
deus  would  have  taken  the  race  home  to  his  regions 
long  time  ago.  It  is  only  the  woman  that  has  saved 
him  from  the  barbarian  again.  She,  according  to  the 
Bible,  was  created  after  man,  and  you  must  have  ob- 
served that  the  most  perfect  of  everything,  inanimate 
and  animate  has  been  made,  grown,  created,  last. 
Strange,  you  may  think,  but  that  is  a  fact,  and  you 
will  find  it  so  in  everything.  It  will  not  vary  once  in 
a  hundred  times.  That  is  evolution,  that  is  progress- 
ive development.  Again,  nature  reversed  her  law  con- 
cerning the  beauty  of  the  sexes  in  human  beings.  In 
animals,  birds,  reptiles,  and  most  all  animated  creation, 
the  males  are  the  most  beautiful,  more  so  in  birds. 
But  nature  made  a  sublime,  grand  and  magnificent  ef- 
fort, and  produced  the  most  beautiful  form  that  was 
ever  created,  and  gave  us  her  climax  to  save  the  world. 
Nature  knew  that  man  had  many  defects,  many  of 
them  worse  than  the  brutes.  That  is  the  very  reason 
that  she  created  her  masterpiece,  woman,  to  guide  and 
direct  man  to  reason  and  sense,  and  to  elevate  him 
and  prepare  him  for  the  millennium  ;  and  that  heav- 
enly time  will  not  come  until  man  has  been  prepared 
for  it,  and  it  is  woman's  office  to  prepare  him  for  that 
celestial  paradise.  It  is  well  for  society  that  we  have 
a  superior  being  to  raise  the  children.  If  man  should 
undertake  it  he  would  make  a  miserable  failure,  and 
if  woman  was  as  vicious  as  man,  we  do  not  know  what 
would  become  of  the  world.  Yes,  we  do  know ;  it 
would  sink  in  perdition.  In  the  future  woman  will 
take  a  more  active  part  in  the  world's  progress,  re- 
forms will  be  more  rapid  than  they  have  been.  Wom- 
an's mission  is  to  redeem  the  world.  The  miscreant 
said  to  me,  when  we  vindicated  morality,  "  Why,"  he 
said,  "  I  thought  you  knew  better."  Man  always  has 
excuses  for  his  infernal  acts.  What  a  man  wants,  he 
thinks  will  come  to  pass.      If  he  wants  rain,  he  says 


6i6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

it  will  rain.  The  most  nefarious  act  ever  done  in  the 
world,  the  Bartholemew  massacre,  had  defenders,  and 
it  has  been  said  to  be  according  tn  the  divine  will. 
All  generals  had  a  just  cause  in  their  opinion.  In  the 
war  the  South  prayed,  and  the  North  prayed,  for  victo- 
Attila said  that  he  had  a  right  to  the  dominion  of 
the  earth.  The  aristocracy  think  that  they  have  a 
right  to  the  earth  and  its  products.  The  Spaniards 
subdued  the  Indians  on  the  plea  of  converting  them  to 
Cliristianity,  and  hung  thirteen  of  the  most  stubborn 
of  them  in  honor  of  Jesus  Christ.  And  the  English 
say  the  world  is  theirs,  and  to  kill  and  colonize  is  their 
practice.  The  Malays  and  the  Norsemen  consider  pi- 
racy heroism.  Stealing  was  praiseworthy  among  the 
Spartans,  and  it  is  so  yet  among  the  aristocracy,  if  it  is 
on  a  large  scale  and  continually  practiced,  politically. 
The  hard-fisted  money  men  are  worshipped  in  this 
country.  The  codfish  black  Republican  infernals  ar- 
gue that  property  should  be  a  qualification  for  the 
right  of  suffrage.  The  English  believe  that  the  land- 
ed interests  should  be  paramount.  To  the  orthodox, 
a  state  church  is  just,  and  God  should  be  in  the  con- 
stitution. The  high  tariff  man  thinks  it  is  his  right  to 
be  protected,  and  the  slave-holder  says  the  slave  is  an 
inferior  being;  and  in  all  we  see  selfishness  predomi- 
nates, and  is  satisfied  that  it  is  standing  on  moral 
ground.  Can  any  one  doubt  that  they  are  candid  ? 
Does  any  one  think  that  they  are  hypocrites  .f*  If  he 
does,  let  him  turn  the  telescope  inwardly,  and  scan 
what  is  there,  and  perhaps  he  will  find  gross  selfish- 
ness all  throuQ^h  the  inner  man.  The  women  will  bear 
comparison  with  those  tartareans  and  come  off  first 
best;  yes,  gilt  edge.  And  where  woman  is  held  in  the 
highest  esteem,  there  is  the  greatest  reason  to  hope 
for  the  future  happiness  of  the  race.  And  progress  in 
one  thing  is  generally  attended  with  progress  in  others; 
the  march  is  general,  not  partial  ;  so  if  man  is  Jinman, 
woman  is  splendidly  treated;  and  where  man  is  a  thor- 
ough  barbarian,  beast,  brute,  and  bloodsucker,  there 


RAILROAD    TAXES.  617 

woman  is  enslaved,  used  as  an  out-door  servant,  and 
as  a  beast  of  burden,  and  not  any  more  respected  than 
such.  In  fact,  the  state  of  woman  can  be  told  by  the 
civilization  of  the  men.  Tyranny  in  the  nation  be- 
speaks despotism  in  the  family.  Turkey,  Egypt,  In- 
dia, China,  Russia,  tell  the  same  story:  inhumanity  to 
man,  and  barbarity  and  cruelty  to  woman.  Much  pro- 
gress has  yet  to  be  made  before  we  have  the  millenium. 
All  help  hasten  the  time. 

Men  are  universally  too  liberal  to  self.  They  think 
they  have  no  barbarity  in  their  organization,  when  it 
still  is  paramount ;  and  they  think  that  their  neighbor 
has  been  bitten  by  the  infernal  reptile,  and  they  have 
escaped.  We  say,  do  not  flatter  yourselves  you  have  ; 
Nemesis  is  on  your  trail,  and  she  deals  out  justice  to 
all,  and  an  awful  vengeance  is  near  at  hand  for  thieves 
and  scoundrels.  The  desire  to  command  is  a  sure 
prognostic  of  tyranny.  Workingman,  you  will  unite 
with  the  country,  and  you  must  be  certain  to  discard 
those  insatiate  office-seekers.  These  old  office-hunters 
you  must  keep  from  the  public  treasury  ;  they  know 
the  ropes,  andean  steal  and  not  get  caught ;  keep  them 
out  in  the  cold ;  they  always  want  office.  Give  office 
to  honest  men,  who  do  not  ask  it;  the  office  should 
seek  the  man,  not  the  man  the  office.  Beware  of 
wolves  in  sheeps'  clothing  !  Command  makes  trouble. 
Barbarism  is  yet  in  the  land  ;  the  tiger  is  weakened, 
but  not  yet  extinct.  See  the  four  millions  of  liars, 
thieves,  and  robbers.  Who  would  think  that  it  could 
be  that  these  four  millions  slaves  are  ready  to  steal  for 
their  masters — the  codfish  aristocracy?  Read  the  bill 
carefully,  and  you  will  be  fully  satisfied  that  the  thieves 
have  robbed  you  of  much  coin.  We  say  coin  ;  they 
take  the  money — they  took  more  than  the  country  is 
worth.  The  people  will  soon  be  in  absolute  slavery, 
unless  they  check  the  miscreants  stealing  their  prop- 
erty. Slavery  is  a  great  evil,  and  especially  when  the 
infernal  villains  have  them  under  their  thumb,  and  the 
slaves,  like  Cuban  bloodhounds,  standing  gnashing 
their  teeth,  waiting  for  the  word,  "  Seek  him,"  and  then 


6i8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

seize  their  doomed  victim,  who  had  the  temerity  to 
run  counter  to  their  interests.  And  they  are  like 
Nemesis — not  to  be  pacified  when  their  interests  have 
been  opposed.  If  they  are  in  the  wrong,  that  matters 
not;  they  never  ask  themselves.  Is  this  right.?  The 
only  question  with  them  is,  Is  there  money  in  it  ?  and 
if  there  is,  you  may  as  well  run  counter  to  Nemesis  as 
to  their  interests.  They  never  forgive ;  that  is  an  un- 
pardonable offense,  to  stop  or  hinder  the  stream  of 
coin  coming  into  their  pockets,  and  they  will  follow 
you  over  the  Styx  to  get  revenge.  But  their  day  is 
drawing  near ;  they  will  go  to  the  saurians. 

A  man  may  be  a  slave  in  a  great  or  less  degree.  For 
instance,  a  codfish,  lying  aristocrat  has  many  men 
working  in  his  cotton  factory  for  him  ;  there  is  an 
election  near  at  hand,  an  important  one  ;  the  candidate 
of  one  of  the  parties  is  objectionable  to  the  workingman, 
but  the  proprietor  is  strongly  in  favor  of  him,  and  he 
takes  the  pains  to  have  it  slyly  whispered  about  that 
those  who  do  not  vote  for  his  candidate  will  be  dis- 
charged. The  laborers,  rather  than  be  discharged,  vote 
contrary  to  their  wishes.  These  workingmen  are 
slaves,  and  the  proprietor  is  an  infernal  tyrant,  and 
should  be  put  on  Himalaya's  topmost  peak,  and  the 
men  should  be  deprived  thereafter  of  the  right  of  suf- 
frage, and  punished  by  fine  and  imprisonment.  The 
man  of  honor  will  not  be  a  despot ;  he  could  not  be 
hired  to  play  at  that  game  a  minute.  Those  who  com- 
mand claim  more  freedom  for  themselves  than  they 
give  to  others.  So  these  bold  commanders  will  not 
do.  We  say  to  the  workingmen,  Give  these  men  who 
want  office  continually  the  cold  shoulder;  they  will 
not  do  ;  beware  of  them;  they  are  dangerous  office- 
seekers.  When  a  man  has  respect  for  another,  he  is 
careful  not  to  insult  him.  He  will  use  circumspect 
language.  The  best  way  to  keep  friends  with  the  bar- 
barians of  the  present  day,  is  not  to  be  on  intimate 
terms  with  them.  Intimacy  breeds  disputes,  if  the  men 
are  not  good  and  honorable.  We  had  occasion  to 
verify  the  truth  of  the  last  sentence  with  a  cadaverous 


RAILROAD    TAXES.  619 

rustic,  who  had  an  overweening  opinion  of  his  talents 
and  moraliry,  in  fact,  he  thought  he  was  the  one  in 
ten  thousand  ;  and  never  was  a  man  that  labored  under 
a  greater  mistake  than  he,  as  he  was  a  man  of  little 
knowledge  and  little  reading,  scarce  any  at  all,  yet  he 
had  the  assurance  to  rank  himself  one  in  ten  thousand. 
But  still  worse,  he  could  not  treat  his  best  friends  with 
respect;  his  having  an  unparalleled  high  opinion  of  his 
attainments  and  social  standing,  made  him  think  him- 
self superior  in  mental  endowments  and  virtue  ;  but 
he  was  the  only  man  that  thought  so.  And  he  could 
not  use  his  friends  as  a  sensible  and  reasonable  man 
should,  so  he  did  not  have  a  friend  left,  and  was  a  sol- 
itary and  forlorn,  base  reprobate. 

Where  a  nation  is  refined,  the  women  are  treated 
with  the  highest  respect ;  and  the  reverse  where  the 
people  are  barbarians ;  and  we  have  seen  men  treat 
their  wives  as  slaves.  He  says  :  "  Why  have  you  not 
done  that  ?  "  or  "  I  want  you  to  do  so,"  or  "  Why  have 
you  dinner  so  late  .-^  Hurry  up!"  and  the  like.  Com- 
mand is  barbarous  among  men,  and  a  blight  to  the 
affections ;  and  a  good  and  sensible  man  will  not  even 
use  a  commanding  voice  to  his  better  half.  There 
can  not  be  too  much  pains  taken  to  cultivate  a  spirit 
of  love  and  intimacy  between  man  and  wife.  There 
are  many  trials  and  vexations  in  the  family  circle,  and 
great  pains  should  be  taken  to  smooth  their  passage, 
and  make  matters  agreeable  and  pleasant.  There  are 
many  who  believe  that  force  is  the  initial  step  to  con- 
trol human  beings,  and  it  is  only  lately  it  was  discov- 
ered that  gentleness  was  more  successful  in  subduing 
animals  than  harsh  treatment ;  but  a  barbarian  cannot 
think  of  breaking  a  horse  by  gentle  means.  So  you 
see  the  barbarian  in  aristocracy.  They  rule  by  force 
and  fraud.  See  war,  standing  armies,,  police  ;  and  the 
four  million  liars  and  thieves  and  robbers  would  not 
think  of  ruling  by  any  other  means  than  by  force  and 
fraud.  That  is  the  oral  teaching  of  the  venomous, 
venal,  vicious,  villainous,  verdant,  and  vendible  black 
Republican  codfish  aristocracy.     The  wife  should  be 


620  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

a  partner  in  the  business  her  man  is  engaged  in, 
and  should  have  all  the  rights  of  the  husband.  The 
man  votes  because  the  law  gives  him  that  lawfully.  It 
took  a  majority  to  create  the  law.  Women  should 
have  the  same  right  as  the  man,  when  a  majority  of 
the  women  vote  that  they  shall  have  the  right  of  suf- 
frage. Then  a  law  should  be  framed  giving  them  the 
right  of  franchise.  To  ascertain  if  they  have  a  major- 
ity, a  caucus  of  the  number  of  women  entitled  legally 
to  vote,  and  then  an  election,  should  be  held,  and  if  a 
majority  vote  Yes,  then  a  law  giving  them  a  vote  should 
be  passed.  That  would  be  a  similar  right  to  what  the 
men  have.  To  make  the  matter  short,  the  women 
should  vote  if  they  wish  to.  The  same  principle  that 
prompts  us  to  maintain  our  own  rights,  leads  us  to 
respect  the  rights  of  others.  And  those  who  have  no 
respect  for  the  rights  of  others,  have  naturally  no  re- 
spect for  the  rights  of  themselves. 


CHAPTER  XL. 

NEBULA. 

The  universe  is  a  vast  expanse,  and  interspersed 
with  matter,  and  all  that  matter  is  in  motion  ;  nothing 
is  at  rest ;  and  if  any  of  that  matter  should  cease  to 
move,  confusion  and  chaos  would  certainly  follow.  So 
we  see  that  the  stability  and  safety  depends  on  motion. 
It  is  so  with  the  most  remote  suns  ;  are  depending  on 
motion  for  their  existence ;  if  motion  should  cease, 
they  would  be  no  benefit  in  matter.  Nature  is  perfect ; 
she  does  not  depend  on  laws  variable;  they  are  not  for 
a  day,  but  for  all  eternity;  her  laws  were  always  ex- 
isting and  coeternal  with  matter,  and  her  laws  will  ex- 
ist eternally  with  matter.  And  who  will  have  the  pre- 
sumption to  say  that  either  had  prior  existence.''  That 
laws  or  matter  were  first  so,  depends  on  motion,  and  that 
motion  is  persistent,  was  so  from  eternity,  is  today,  and 
will  be  to  eternity,  never  ceasing,  never  ending.    There 


NEBULA,  621 

are  several  clusters  ofstars  called  nebula.  The  milky  way 
is  one  of  them,  and  our  sun  is  one  of  them.  The  nebula 
are  supposed  to  be  of  two  kinds  ;  one  nothing  but  vapor, 
which  condenses  into  suns,  the  other  seems  at  so 
great  a  distance  from  the  earth  as  to  appear  like  small 
specks.  We  think  that  we  have  no  right  to  suppose 
that  some  are  vapor,  because  we  find  that  the  telescope 
discloses  to  us  many  that  could  not  be  seen  by  the 
naked  eye,  and  but  very  few  can  be  so  seen  ;  and  those 
seen  by  the  telescope  of  small  magnifying  power  look 
like  vapor,  but  with  a  greater  magnifying  power  they 
look  like  stars  ;  and,  at  the  same  time,  others  appear 
and  look  like  vapor,  then  again,  with  greater  magnify- 
ing power,  some  appear  like  stars.  We  think  that  we 
have  no  right  to  suppose  that  any  of  them  are  vapor 
under  the  above  conditions.  VVe  believe  that  for 
every  principle  we  should  have  a  reason,  and  there  is 
no  reason  to  suppose  that  nebula  are  vapor,  and  we 
have  reason  to  suppose  that  all  are  stars,  as  very  many 
of  them  have  been  shown  to  be  so  by  telescopes  of 
great  magnifying  power,  and  the  greater  magnifying 
power  the  more  are  shown  to  be  stars.  Then  we  think 
that  all  of  them  are  clusters  of  stars.  This  making 
two  kinds  of  them  is  contrary  to  reason  by  analogy. 
We  think  this  is  an  important  principle,  that  we  have 
a  good  reason  for  what  we  suppose. 

Children  is  the  only  hope  we  have  to  build  up  a 
good  society.  If  they  grow  up  to  be  slaves,  then  pos- 
terity can  pass  their  day  in  misery,  poverty,  want  and 
distress,  and  the  drones  will  have  a  splendid  time. 
The  children  should  be  trained  to  reason  on  every 
subject  that  comes  before  them  in  their  early  days,  as 
soon  as  they  can  talk,  and  before  that  even.  When 
the  mother  tells  a  child  what  to  do  or  not  do,  a  reason 
for  it  should  be  given.  The  child  should  be  learned 
why  such  and  such  command  is  given,  and  all  com- 
mands should  be  given  in  the  mildest  and  gentlest 
manner.  The  child  is  to  become  an  adult,  so  it  is 
supposed.  The  child  may  have  some  bad  traits  in- 
herited, but,  we  have  said  before,  they  can  be  over- 


622  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

powered  by  proper  treatment,  and  moral  environ- 
ments. And  one  great  point  is  overlooked  in  the 
treatment  of  children.  They  should  be  suffered  to 
have  their  own  way  as  much  as  possible,  being  care- 
ful to  keep  them  in  a  moral  path.  The  object  of  that 
is  to  have  men  that  are  free  and  independent ;  not 
slaves  and  serfs.  They  are  a  curse  to  society;  they 
are  the  things  that  bind  society  in  chains,  and  chil- 
dren should  be  left  to  their  reason,  and  educated  in 
reason.  Slaves  and  serfs  we  do  not  want.  They  are 
showing  themselves  too  much  in  the  four  millions 
thieves,  and  slavish  black  Republican  parasites,  that 
are  complete  slaves  to  the  infernal  aristocracy.  These 
four  millions  thieves  are  not  free  men,  they  are  slaves 
to  a  vile  party  ;  they  have  been  brought  up  in  slavery  ; 
they  were  never  taught  to  reason,  so  what  care  they 
what  they  vote  for,  if  it  is  only  their  infernal  party. 
If  they  had  been  brought  up  in  their  childhood  to 
reason,  and  at  the  same  time  be  as  independent  as 
consistent,  and  in  perfect  accord  with  morality,  they 
would  not  be  united  to  that  villainous  aristocracy. 
We  will  give  a  specimen  of  a  degraded,  debased, 
detestible,  despicable,  and  discordant,  and  demoniac, 
aristocratic,  black  Republican  reasoning.  We  said 
that  it  was  not  right  to  pass  laws  that  were  intended 
and  actually  enabled  the  manufacturers  to  make  47 
per  cent,  and  46  per  cent,  on  their  capital.  He,  the 
satanical  reptile,  said  that  we  would  do  the  same  if 
we  had  an  opportunity.  That  was  an  insult,  but  his 
moral  obtuseness  prevented  him  to  notice  it.  Shame! 
Is  that  stealing  and  robbing  the  people  ?  Judge  for 
yourselves. 

The  child  should  be  educated  to  rule  his  passions; 
this  comes  under  reason.  This  is  done  by  love,  kind- 
ness, and  reasoning  with  him.  He  should  be  talked 
to  much,  and  that  should  be  done  in  the  most  affec- 
tionate manner.  And  do  you  think  you  will  educate 
him  to  govern  his  passions  with  absolute  sway,  by  the 
barbarous  use  of  the  rod  ?  No.  Where  you  take  one 
demon  out,  you  put  two  in.      Horses  are  trained  by 


NEBULA.  623 

kindness,  by  the  best  horsemen.  And  if  horses  are 
trained  in  that  manner,  do  you  think  that  children  can- 
not be  so  trained?  Children  should  be  left  as  free  as 
possible.  We  want  free  men,  and  do  you  think  you 
can  make  slaves  of  children,  and  have  free  men  .^ 
Childhood  lays  the  foundation  of  what  they  will  be. 
Do  you  think  that  a  good,  kind,  and  sensitive,  and 
affectionate  child,  if  it  is  brought  up  a  slave,  will  be 
anything  but  a  slave  when  it  is  an  adult?  We  think 
it  will  be  a  poor,  sorry  slave.  The  four  millions  slaves 
are  proof  of  it.  But  we  say  again,  that  the  boy  should 
be  a  voter,  and  his  own  master  at  eighteen  ;  and  the  girl 
at  sixteen  years  old.  What  say  you  to  that,  good  boys 
and  girls  ?  The  children  you  plainly  see  should  not 
be  slaves ;  that  enables  the  villainous  aristocracy  to 
make  tools  of  them  for  their  own  personal  benefit. 
They  are  kept  too  much  in  bondage ;  but  we  can 
plainly  see  that  there  is  light  shining  at  present;  the 
children  do  as  they  wish  more  than  formerly.  But  love 
and  kindness  are  not  used  as  much  as  they  should  be, 
nor  is  reasoning  and  kind  talk.  Those  that  are  brought 
up  as  slaves  generally  make  the  most  villainous  scamps 
and  tools  for  aristocracy.  So  in  order  to  fit  a  child  for 
to  be  a  good  citizen,  we  must  let  them  have  their  own 
way  as  much  as  consistent  with  reason  and  morality  ; 
and  he  will  be  a  free  and  independent  man.  The  train- 
ing of  the  children  by  many  parents  is  worse  than  the 
bringing  up  of  the  brutes  by  their  dams  ;  and  some 
brutal  fathers  would  learn  something  by  observing  the 
dams  of  beasts.  We  can  not  help  but  think  of  the  four 
million  serfs  and  slaves,  how  they  steal  for  their  mas- 
ters. They  must  have  been  brought  up  as  slaves. 
They  are  good  stuff  for  the  infernal  aristocratic  thieves. 
They  glory  in  such  material.  If  we  had  all  reasonable, 
honest,  free  and  independent  men,  or  those  brought 
up  so,  aristocracy  would  be  ticketed  and  laid  on  the 
shelf  in  less  than  a  year  as  extinct. 

Children  should  be  taught  to  reason  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible. The  parents  should  give  them  a  reason  for  ev- 
ery thing  they  want  them    to  do,  and  they  should  be 


624  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

patient,  and  answer  all  questions  they  ask.  By  prac- 
tice they  will  learn  to  reason.  Not  as  the  fool  answer- 
ed us,  when  we  said  47  per  cent,  was  too  much  for  a 
corporation  to  make,  he  gave  the  insulting  answer, 
"  You  would  do  the  same  if  you  had  an  opportunity." 
Shame  for  such  respect  for  persons !  And  the  chil- 
dren should,  early  as  well  can,  be  taught  to  govern 
their  passions,  and  they  should  be  taught  to  do  what 
is  right,  and  also  be  independent.  In  order  to  do  that 
they  must  buy  for  cash  ;  credit  ruins  millions  of  men. 
It  is  the  destruction  of  the  debtor,  and  the  benefit  of 
aristocracy.  People  buy  more,  and  what  they  do  not 
need,  when  they  buy  on  credit.  We  say  buy  for  cash, 
and  buying  low  and  close  is  a  great  saving,  yes,  a  for- 
tune in  a  life  time.  Parents  do  not  advise  the  chil- 
dren as  much  as  they  should.  Most  of  children  are 
brought  up  as  slaves,  and  they  are  easily  used  to  do 
the  bidding  of  a  vile  and  villainous  aristocracy.  Chil- 
dren should  be  taught  four  principles,  and  if  that 
mode  of  training  children  was  universally  adopted, 
they  would  be  fit  to  govern  themselves.  And  then 
the  infernal  drones  would  have  short  browsing,  shorter 
than  Nebuchadnezzar  had.  The  four  principles  are : 
First,  reason;  second,  do  what  is  right;  third,  judge 
for  yourself;  fourth,  be  independent.  The  working- 
man  should  rule,  and  he  should  govern  on  the  same 
system  that  the  honey  bee  does.  Then  the  tartarean, 
black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  would  have  to 
work  for  his  daily  bread,  and  fulfill  the  Scripture 
phrase,  "  Six  days  shall  thou  labor."  Instead  of  that, 
he  subverts  the  command,  and  is  idle  six  days.  An 
idle  beast  should  be  kept  on  short  rations ;  but  the  in- 
fernal drones  reverse  this,  and  live  on  the  cream  and 
delicacies  of  the  country.  And  they  have  four  millions 
of  thieves  to  steal  and  give  it  all  to  them,  and  not  even 
keep  any  for  themselves  and  children,  and  relations 
and  friends.  And  the  knaves  and  fools  think  that 
they  are  smart,  and  they  rob  themselves  as  well  as 
others.  O,  fool  of  fools  !  and  the  greatest  fools  in 
the  world.      It  has    no   parallel.       There    have   been 


NEBULA.  625 

many  fools  in  barbaric  times,  but    these  four  millions 
fools  transcend  all  that  ever  was. 

The  married  life  is  a  series  of  cares,  perplexities  and 
a  responsible  undertaking,  and  it  should  be  well  con- 
sidered before  embarking  into  it.  But  as  a  general 
rule,  it  is  entered  into  without  consideration.  If  the  off- 
spring were  properly  reared,  this  world  would  be  diff- 
erent from  what  it  is.  Many  parents  let  their  chil- 
dren grow  up  like  the  wild  beasts  ;  and  the  greatest 
injury  to  them  is  allowing  the  bad  children  to  be  with 
them.  In  that  way  one  bad  child  will  spoil  many  good 
ones.  Great  care  should  be  taken  in  the  selection  of 
playmates  of  your  children.  We  cannot,  at  present, 
rear  perfect  children  ;  a  foul  spring  cannot  bring  forth 
pure  water.  But  we  should  do  the  best  we  can.  If 
every  one  does  the  best  that  he  can,  and  studies  the 
problem,  and  have  an  extreme  anxiety  to  raise  good 
children,  and  learn  the  children  to  practice  the  four 
principles,  progress  will  soon  come.  See  the  care  and 
study  the  stock-raisers  are  taking  in  raising  stock,  and 
there  is  a  visible  advance  made ;  the  efforts  are  remu- 
nerative. But  they  do  not  take  such  pains  in  rearing 
their  children.  Can  that  be,  that  the  people  take  more 
pains  and  trouble  to  raise  stock,  than  they  do  to  raise 
their  children  ?  We  will  not  say  that  they  do,  but  we 
will  say  you  cannot  take  too  much  pains  and  study 
and  consideration  in  the  rearing  of  your  little  children. 
We  say  little,  as  the  work  should  be  commenced  in 
their  infancy.  Even  then  they  may  be  spoiled.  Pa- 
rents often  find  fault  with  their  children,  when  if  they 
should  examine  themselves  they  would  learn  that  they 
were  no  better.  We  have  given  a  few  hints,  which 
any  person  can  enlarge  upon.  But  men  must  first 
be  good  and  truthful,  before  they  can  rear  good, 
truthful,  virtuous,  moral,  honest,  and  upright  men. 
The  women  certainly  are  better  than  the  men.  In 
them  our  hope  for  the  future  rests.  But  do  not 
think  because  you  are  acquainted  with  some  bad  wo- 
man, that  the  whole  sex  taken  together  are  as  barbar- 
ous as   the  men.     They  are  far  in  advance  of  them  in 

40 


626  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

virtue,  morality,  truth,  love,  kindness,  and  not  less  in- 
tellectual than  men,  if  they  have  an  equal  opportunity. 
We  say  to  parents.  Do  all  you  can  for  the  girls  first, 
as  they  are  to  do  the  most  for  the  rising  generation, 
and  if  you  elevate  them  you  do  the  most  to  elevate 
the  race.  We  advise  the  superior  education  for  wom- 
an for  the  good  of  the  race. 

We  have  arrived  at  a  subject  that  has  engaged  the 
attention  of  mankind,  probably,  for  a  hundred  thousand 
years,  and  still  it  is  occupying  their  attention.  It  is  a 
principle  that  makes  the  few  rich  and  the  many  poor, 
and  therefore  it  is  the  most  important  subject  touched 
upon.  Nothing  has  so  much  to  do  with  the  property 
of  men  as  politics ;  it  gives  to  the  rich,  and  takes  away 
from  the  poor  and  needy.  It  enriches  the  rich  man's 
field  with  the  sweat  of  the  poor  man's  brow.  There 
never  was  a  convenience  invented  that  is  so  effectual 
to  transfer  property  from  the  workingman  as  this  mis- 
called government.  A  good  government  is  a  blessing, 
a  bad  one  is  a  blight,  a  smut,  a  blast,  a  curse  to  man- 
kind ;  and  such  we  have  had  twenty-four  years.  The 
people  do  not  know  that  it  makes  them  poor;  that  is 
the  intention  of  the  leaders  in  government;  it  has  al- 
ways been  so,  and  the  Black  Republican  said  it  was 
so  to  this  day,  as  they  have  not  stopped  stealing.  It 
should  occupy  the  close  attention  of  all  men.  "  But," 
says  the  fool  raising  a  large  family,  "  I  will  not  attend 
to  political  matters."  He  does  not  know  the  A,  B,'C 
in  politics.  Yet  the  silly  dunce  is  of  the  opinion  that, 
he  is  the  ultra  politician.  We  have  talked  much  with 
the  people,  and  we  find  they  know  nothing  of  the  in- 
side view  of  politics.  See  the  bill.  The  infernals 
have  stolen  all  the  property  in  the  United  States  in  the 
twenty-four  years,  or  as  much  as  there  is  in  the  United 
States,  and  but  few  knew  that  it  was  stolen,  and  fewer 
still  knew  that  the  sum  was  so  great,  and  fewer  still  how 
it  was  done.  "  Equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men  "  is 
an  original  law  of  creation  ;  or  we  may  state  it  thus  : 
"  Impartiality  "  is  the  primeval  law  of  creation.  Na- 
ture is  just:  she  does  not  make  the  one  rich  and  anoth- 


NEBULA.  627 

er  poor  ;  no  partiality  there  ;  one  is  dealt  by  as  the 
others,  all  by  one  inflexible,  inexorable,  unchangeable 
and  constant  law;  no  change  of  laws,  all  the  same  yes- 
terday, today,  tomorrow  and  forever,  and  was  from  cre- 
ation, and  will  be  to  all  eternity.  And  one  of  those, 
and  primeval,  if  such  a  thing  can  be,  was  equal  fj^ee- 
doni.  Great  principle  !  Nature's  foundation  ;  without 
it  no  creation  cauld  have  been  ;  all  would  be  chaos 
and  confusion,  and  worlds  into  atoms  hurled.  This 
law  of  equal  freedom  is  creation's  guide,  and  will  be 
forever  and  ever.  Nature  commanded,  and  she  was 
obeyed. 

RIGHTS  OF  CHILDREN. 

This  is  a  dif^cult  question  to  treat  on.     We  will  de- 
pend on  the  women  to  solve  it,  as  they  know  best  how 
to  manage  the  children  ;  but  we  will  say  a  few  words 
and  make  a  few  hints.     In   the  first   place,  it  is  the 
foundation  of  society,  and  not  half  enough   is  said   on 
this  subject.     Many  depend  on  beating  the  little  ones, 
and  scold  and  swear  at  them.      We  can  say  positively, 
this  is  wrong.      The  first  point  is  to  get  the  child   to 
love  its  parents.     It  is  by  love  and   kindness  that  the 
tender  child  can  the  best  be  made  to  mind.     Beatinsf 
is  calculated  to  make  the  child  stubborn  and  disobedi- 
ent, and  hate  its  parents,  and  should  seldom  be  resort- 
ed to.     As  said  before,  love  and  kindness  are  the  first 
tw©  steps,  and  the  next  is  reason.     The  child   in  its 
early  years  should  be  taught  to  listen  to  reason.     Chil- 
dren are  not  half  enough  talked  to,  and  no  person  can 
so  well  do  that  as  the  mother,  and   that  is  perhaps  the 
reason   that  intelligent  and   reasonable  mothers   have 
the  best  and  smartest  children  ;  and  we   may  give  our 
opinion,  that  children   are   not  so  bad  as  many  think 
they  are,  and  by  talking  and  reasoning  with  them,  in 
love  and  kindness,  good   boys  and  girls  can  be  trained 
in  the  way  they  should   go.     If  the  children  are  sur- 
rounded by  vicious  boys  and  girls,  they  should  be  kept 
away   from    them    as  much    as  possible,  and    the  best 
children  should  be  chosen  fur  their  playmates.     The 
schools  are  too  much  like  nurseries  of  evil  instead  of 


6?8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

good,  and  an  aristocrat  said :  If  he  had  his  way,  he 
would  have  no  common  schools.  He  is  of  the  class 
that  want  the  race  to  go  back  to  barbarism.  The  child 
has  all  the  faculties  that  the  adult  has,  and  the  mother 
soon  notices  which  it  is  best  to  cultivate.  Children 
should  have  a  good  sized  play-ground,  and  they  must 
have  plenty  of  exercise,  and  in  bad  and  disagreeable 
weather  they  should  be  kept  in  doors.  By  having 
plenty  of  exercise,  they  will  not  take  colds  or  catch 
diseases  as  easily  as  those  that  do  not  exercise  suffic- 
iently. On  that  one  thing  depends  more  than  any 
other  their  health  and  intellectuality,  and  a  sound  body 
and  sound  mind  most  always  go  together.  They 
should  be  clothed  warmly,  according  to  the  season, 
and  their  food  should  be  plain  and  nutritious.  Graham 
in  various  ways  should  be  used.  Milk  is  a  proper  food 
for  children,  and  should  be  used. 

When  children  shall  be  entitled  to  hold  property, 
vote,  and  do  business  for  themselves,  is  a  contested 
question.  The  law  holds  that  the  male  shall  be  twen- 
ty-one years,  and  the  girl  shall  be  eighteen  years. 
This  time  of  twenty-one  years,  and  eighteen  years,  is 
a  species  of  slavery;  it  may  be  a  necessary  slavery,  as 
the  despot  says  war  is,  but  we  think  the  time  is  too 
long.  The  boy  should  be  a  free  man  at  eighteen,  and 
the  girl  at  sixteen.  Twenty-one  years  is  too  long  to 
be  in  slavery  ;  it  makes  the  man  have  an  erroneous 
idea  of  liberty.  He  gets  accustoned  to  the  state  of  sla- 
very, and  when  he  is  a  free  man  he  does  not  appreciate 
it,  and  is  easily  enslaved  again.  The  reason  that  men 
have  so  much  party  spirit  is,  that  they  have  been  too 
long  in  slavery,  and  have  become  accustomed  to  it. 
The  man  who  is  not  naturally  a  free  man  is  a  slave  un- 
der his  own  father,  and  when  he  is  twenty-one  he  en- 
lists under  worse  slavery,  if  he  does  not  think  what  he 
is  doing,  and  he  becomes  a  slave  to  party,  and  then  he 
is  fit  to  build  up  a  despotism  by  following  base  dema- 
gogues. If  he  was  free  at  eighteen,  slavery  would  not 
have  taken  so  firm  a  root  in  his  acts  and  nature.  Be- 
ing so  long  in  slavery,  it  becomes  an  instinct,  and  it  is 


« 


NEBULA.  629 

hard  to  throw  off  the  mental  shackles.  What  we  want 
is  free  men,  so  that  they  will  be  independent,  and  not 
listen  to  any  wily  scamp.  We  want  men  who  are  nat- 
urally free,  and  not  at  all  inclined  to  follow  any  other 
person,  and  want  no  person  to  follow  them.  Those 
who  are  inclined  to  be  slaves  are  generally  despots  and 
tyi'ants,  if  they  have  a7t  opportunity.  We  can  see  an 
alteration  in  parental  authority,  that  is,  the  rights  of 
children  are  respected  more  than  formerly,  and  at  the 
same  time  political  oppression  has  declined,  and  the 
rigor  of  aristocracy  has  been  followed  by  class  legisla- 
tion. The  four  millions  of  slaves  and  thieves  do  not 
understand  how  that  robs  them  of  their  property.  The 
fact  is,  that  these  four  millions  of  fools  can  see  nothing 
in  politics  but  their  file  leaders>and  hear  nothing  but 
their  orders,  and  the  word  of  command.  As  said  be- 
fore, they  are  the  greatest  fools  in  the  civilized  world, 
and  the  worst  is,  there  is  no  hope  for  them ;  they  will 
have  to  outgrow  it  and  they  will  die  before  they  have 
time  to  outgrow  their  party  spirit  and  ignorance.  It 
is  plainly  to  be  seen  that  children  have  more  rights 
than  they  had  formerly.  That  is  right ;  but  it  should 
be  placed  by  love  and  kindness,  and  mild  and  pleasant 
lectures.  No  scolding  to  them  ;  that  freezes  the  blood, 
discourages  them,  and  makes  dunces  of  them.  And 
we  also  notice  that  children  are  not  shut  up  in  dark 
places,  and  scared  with  ghost  stories.  Can  you  see 
that  we  are  advancing,  and  the  old  fogy  does  not  like 
the  improvement.  Next,  the  boys  will  be  free  at  eigh- 
teen, and  the  girls  at  sixteen,  and  they  will  get  married 
earlier  And  all  can  see  that  men  seldom  use  improp- 
er language  to  children  ;  he  is  a  sorry  brute,  who,  at 
this  day,  uses  obscene  language  to  children.  Paternity 
has  to  have  some  rule  to  govern  the  children,  and  that 
rule  will  be  according  to  the  morals  and  usages  of  the 
country;  if  the  country  is  a  despotism,  then  it  is  apt  to 
be  a  despotic  rule;  reason  will  be  discarded,  and  force 
will  be  adopted,  and  the  rod  will  be  chosen,  and  the  re- 
sult will  be  that  the  adult  will  be  as  the  surroundings. 
It  cannot  be  otherwise.  People  generally  cannot  see  any 


630  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

progress  in  society,  therefore  they  think  that  there  is 
none  ;  and  having  aristocracy  to  drag  the  morals  of 
the  country  into  a  quagmire,  so  that  they  can  the  bet- 
ter rob,  steal,  and  plunder  the  people,  and  the  people 
get  discouraged  and  quail  before  the  difficulties  to  be 
encountered.  Aristocracy  is  a  brake  to  the  car  of  pro- 
gress. They  are  an  inestimable  damage  to  the  human 
race.  It  is  they  who  make  the  poverty,  pauperism, 
penury,  and  privation  in  the  country.  Children  should 
be  taught  to  use  their  own  judgment,  and  be  inde- 
pendent, and  beware  of  poverty.  They  should  be 
taught  how  to  invest  small  sums  of  money  given  them, 
and  they  should  be  instructed  in  the  art  of  using  tools, 
to  be  economical  and  industrious,  brought  up  to  labor, 
taught  how  treacherous  and  barbarous  many  of  the 
race  are,  cautioned  not  to  put  too  much  confidence  in 
newly-made  friends,  how  the  aristocracy  by  lying,  cheat- 
ing, swindling,  stealing,  and  robbing  get  all  the  poor 
man's  money,  how  by  class  legislation  they  are  obtain- 
ing all  the  property  in  the  country,  and  intend  to  make 
the  people  slaves. 

It  is  quite  a  labor  to  raise  a  fine  colt  to  be  a  fine 
horse,  and  some  farmers  take  more  pains  to  raise  a 
horse  than  they  do  with  their  children.  This  is  a 
grievous  mistake.  A  fine  horse  is  better  than  a  scrub, 
and  it  is  all  right  to  take  pains  to  raise  good  ones  and 
improve  the  breed.  But  to  take  most  pains  in  raising 
poultry,  pigs,  lambs,  calves,  mules  and  colts,  is  an  un- 
pardonable offense,  that  ages  does  not  eradicate.  We 
have  noticed  before  that  nothing  has  any  original 
force  within  itself;  it  is  outside  influence  that  produces 
the  change.  But,  says  the  smart  big-head,  I  know 
better  ;  children  have  different  characters  with  the  same 
training  So  they  have,  and  two  reasons  there  are  for 
it — the  one  is,  that  they  can  not  have  the  same  train- 
ing precisely,  and  that  they  are  differently  formed 
and  constituted  in  mind,  health,  and  body  when  born. 
They  arc  of  different  dispositions,  but  by  proper  train- 
ing we  are  positive  good  adults  can  be  formed.  But 
it  must  be  done  by  love  and  kindness  and  outside  in- 


NEBULA.  631 

fluences  ;  they  must  be  watched,  and  no  bad  children 
permitted  to  come  near  them.  There  the  great  mis- 
take is  made  ;  the  children  learn  by  imitation,  and 
bad  influences  take  root  just  as  soon  as  good,  as 
weeds  grow  as  easily  as  good  plants.  It  is  worth 
while  raising  good  men  and  women — more  than  any- 
thing else  in  the  world.  And  the  Chinaman  was  right 
in  giving  the  credit  of  a  good  son  to  the  father.  He 
said,  that  must  be  a  good  father  who  raises  a  good 
son  ;  and  we  might  say,  that  is  a  good  mother  who 
raises  good  children.  But  the  internal,  moral,  and  in- 
tellectual faculties  of  the  child  must  be  moulded,  and 
nothing  but  materials  fit  to  produce  good  results  must 
be  administered  to  the  child  ;  give  it  moral  as  well  as 
physical  and  intellectual  food,  suitable  for  it,  and  we 
will  guarantee  it  will  manifest  itself  in  the  result.  But 
beware  of  outside  evil ;  keep  it  from  the  child.  But 
the  infernal  aristocrat  will  tell  you  that  the  child  must 
see  the  ways  of  the  evil  world.  Do  not  listen  to  aris- 
tocracy ;  evil  is  its  daily  food  and  clothing;  only  that 
evil  exists  does  he  live  ;  he  lives  on  the  ignorance,  vice, 
degradation  and  wickedness  of  the  world,  and  any 
person  should  see  that  he  naturally  desires  to  have  a 
continuation  of  barbarism  on  this  earth.  If  mankind 
were  all  good,  aristocracy  would  die. 

Endeavoring  to  train  children  the  way  they  should 
go  must  fail.  The  reason  is  that  it  does  not  educate, 
and  new  principles  are  only  formed  in  the  minds  of 
children  by  education.  The  rod  cannot  educate;  it  is 
the  tyrant's  method,  and  nearly  always  makes  the 
child  worse.  It  may,  at  times,  seem  to  mend  the  child, 
but  the  change  is  only  apparent,  the  internal  conditions 
are  not  altered  ;  it  is  only  hypocrisy,  and  instead  of 
making  the  child  any  better,  has  an  effect  the  very  re- 
verse. So  the  state  prison  does  make  no  difTerence 
in  the  inner  feelings  and  sympathies  of  the  criminal. 
He  has  not  had  the  correct  education  in  his  youth.  A 
correct  and  long  continued  education  will  build  up 
such  a  powerful  mental  fortification  in  the  mind  of  the 
child,   that  it  will  predominate  over  vice.     So  we  be- 


632  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

lieve  that  a  moral  barrier  may  be  built  up  in  the  mind 
that  will  be  proof  against  hereditary  transmission  of 
crime.  The  good  education  will  become  so  powerful 
that  evil  has  no  power  to  make  a  lodgement  in  the 
mind.  And  we  believe  that  if  there  was  no  aristocra- 
cy in  the  land  continually  corrupting  the  people,  the 
millennium  could  soon  be  established  in  the  land. 
Their  interest  is  to  corrupt  and  cancerate  and  calum- 
niate the  people,  and  they  do  not  hesitate  to  follow 
their  interest,  right  or  wrong  ;  and  we  do  not  remem- 
ber of  any  black  Republican  villains  saying  that  any 
evil  act  the  infernals  had  done  was  right,  but  they  gen- 
erally insult  you  by  saying  you  would  do  the  same  if 
you  had  the  opportunity.  They  are  determined  to 
follow  the  dictates  of  Belial  and  their  interest,  that  is, 
the  leaders,  and  the  rank  and  file  follow  them.  Poor 
fools,  they  do  not  know  their  interest;  they  steal  and 
give  it  to  their  masters.  Even  the  lunatic  can  be 
managed  without  resort  to  force — only  in  a  few  cases  ; 
so  children  can  much  easier  be  governed  by  gentle 
means,  love  and  kindness.  How  much  better,  if  rea- 
son and  justice  and  moral  suasion  were  used  continu- 
ally in  the  world,  would  the  people  be  !  But  when 
the  children  have  grown  up  to  be  men,  and  they  have 
become  hardened,  and  become  obdurate  in  vice  and 
iniquity,  they  will  laugh  at  reason,  kindness  and  gen- 
tle means,  and  nothing  but  severe  punishment,  and 
that  long  continued,  will  do  any  good.  They  are  a 
damage  to  their  race  and  kin. 

If  insane  persons  can  be  governed  by  gentle  means 
reasonably,  one  will  think  that  children  can.  But 
force  in  governing  men  and  children,  in  government 
and  household  and  fireside,  has  always  been  used  en- 
tirely. Many  children  have  been  cruelly  whipped  for 
trifles,  and  many  parents  have  become  angry  and  beat 
their  children.  We  know  of  such  cases,  and  we  know 
when  a  parent  was  inhumanly  beating  his  son,  and 
outsiders  stepped  in  to  stop  the  inhumanity,  and  the 
twcj  men  then  had  a  fight,  the  inhuman  tyrant  being 
the  aggressor ;  and  a  lawsuit  was  the  result,  and  the 


POLITICS.  633 

court  decided  in  favor  of  the  beastly  tiger  who  beat 
his  son,  who  had  to  keep  his  bed  for  a  long  time. 
Children  can  be  governed  without  scolding  and  beat- 
ing, and  they  should  be  so  managed  :  inducement  is 
to  be  used  principally,  but  reason  must  always  be 
kept  close  at  hand,  and  used  much  of  the  time,  as 
men  should  be  trained  to  be  governed,  so  the  chil- 
dren should  learn  reason.  "  Train  up  a  child  the  way 
he  should  go,  and  when  he  becomes  a  man  he  will 
not  depart  from  it."  And  it  should  be  done  in  their 
childhood,  and  continued  to  manhood.  If  a  boy  is  to 
learn  a  trade,  he  should  begin  when  he  is  young.  So 
with  music  ;  the  great  masters  most  all  commenced 
young,  and  we  know  that  long  habit  becomes  second 
nature ;  and  what  the  child  practices  in  his  youth  he 
remembers  to  his  old  age.  Man  is  intended  to  be  a 
moral  being;  and  in  this  he  is  far  in  advance  of  the 
animal — in  fact,  morality  is  the  true  characteristic  of 
man;  the  animal  has  but  the  germ  of  it  in  his  organi- 
zation. But  in  strength  he  is  about  equal  to  man  ;  so 
in  the  affections  they  are  nearly  equal  to  man.  So  the 
animal  has  mental  faculties,  but  far  less  than  man.  But 
morality  is  only  perceptible  in  the  animals,  and  that  in 
the  superior  animals.  Many  men  are  but  little  ad- 
vanced over  the  brute.  We  are  grieved  to  say  it,  but 
you  want  the  truth,  and  you  have  it,  however  disa- 
greeable it  is.  So  with  reason :  man  of  the  human 
have  more  than  the  brutes.  But  we  are  encouraged, 
and  can  say  that  man  has  advanced  in  morals  and  in- 
telligence since  he  inhabited  the  caves,  perhaps  a 
hundred  thousand  years  ago,  as  his  skull  and  the  im- 
plements he  used  do  certainly  verify. 


CHAPTER  XLI. 

POLITICS. 

There  is  a  powerful  inclination  in  men  to  adhere  to 
old  customs,  and  a  dread  of  experience  by  most  of 
them.     That  is  one  reason  the  four  millions  continue 


634  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

to  steal  for  the  aristocracy.  The  people  for  hundreds 
of  centuries  have  been  fools  and  slaves  and  barbarians, 
and  v^orked  and  stole  for  a  lazy,  vile,  and  villainous, 
and  unprincipled,  and  nefarious  aristocracy  ;  and  the 
part  we  call  the  four  millions  thieves  still  are  in  total 
darkness,  and  barbarism,  and  yet  are  devoted  to  the 
thieving  aristocracy.  They  can  scarcely  do  anything 
different.  In  this  fortune  forsaken  place  there  are 
very  many  who  are  doing  considerable  business,  who 
are  slaves  to  that  Erebus-deserving  party ;  and  all  the 
demons  in  pandemonium  could  not  swerve  them  an 
iota  from  serving  in  any  manner  when  called  on  to  do 
it  for  that  infernal  aristocracy  now  called  Republican, 
but  who  are  no  more  fit  to  bear  that  name  than  pan- 
demonium is  for  a  dynamite  factory.  And  they  will 
serve  that  party,  if  they  stole  all  the  property  in  the 
sinking  land;  and  they  know  no  more  about  the  fun- 
damental engines  of  voting  and  stealing,  which  they 
are  the  blind  moving  power  of,  than  a  horse  does 
about  his  grandsire.  You  may  begin  with  the  slip- 
pery bell  wether  down  to  the  cadaverous  coyote,  and 
the  same  entire  ignorance  prevails.  But  they  serve 
blinded  as  the  Kentucky  cave-fish,  and  steal  as  the 
slave  ants  do,  for  their  masters.  And  they  would  do 
well  to  read  about  those  slave  ants,  and  learn  their 
serfdom  and  stealing  for  their  masters,  and  get  noth- 
ing of  it  for  themselves.  We  cannot  advise  too  stren- 
uously the  princi])le  not  to  let  the  officials  have  more 
power  than  is  absolutely  necessary  to  do  their  busi- 
ness, as  there  is  a  large  propensity  to  steal  the  peo- 
ple's money  in  those  fellows.  If  you  have  a  servant  to 
work,  we  think  you  will  see  to  what  he  is  doing.  And 
is  an  officer  a  servant }  Certainly  he  is  ;  and  he  should 
be  held  to  a  strict  accountability;  if  he  is  not,  it  w^ill 
be  worse  for  both  servant  and  master.  We  say.  See 
that  he  does  his  duty  just  the  same  as  you  do  your 
farm  or  other  servants;  if  you  do  not  you  will  find 
you  were  having  too  much  confidence  in  a  gull-catch- 
er, who  used  your  projoerty  for  his  own  use.  In 
some  places  the  church  property  is  exempt  from  taxa- 


POLITICS.  635 

tion  ;  in  other  places  aristocrats  of  rank  were  exempt 
from  turnpike  tax ;  in  other  the  working  men  had  to 
bear  the  burden  of  taxation.     Shame  ! 

Less  than  two  centuries  ago,  the  lairds  kidnapped 
the  common  people,  and  exported  and  sold  them  as 
slaves.  In  Ireland,  in  the  rebellion,  a  band  of  usurping 
landlords  hunted  and  shot  the  Catholics  as  they  would 
game.  In  the  time  of  George  I,  of  England,  any 
person  found  in  a  warren  disguised  with  a  weapon,  in 
a  place  where  hares  or  conies  were  kept,  if  convicted, 
should  suffer  death  without  benefit  of  clergy.  There 
were  inclosure  laws,  by  which  the  commons  were  divided 
among  the  near  land-owners  in  the  ratio  of  their  hold- 
ings, without  regard  to  the  claim  of  the  poor.  Notice 
how  the  land  tax  is  kept  stationary,  or  in  some  cases 
decreased,  while  rent  has  enormously  increased;  and 
so  with  other  taxes.  Notice,  also,  private  monopolies 
obtained  for  a  consideration,  and  making  numerous 
places  for  officials,  and  also  pensions.  So  we  can  see 
how  the  rich  are  made  richer,  and  the  poor  poorer; 
and  this  is  being  done  in  this  country.  O,  fool  of  fools, 
to  give  your  power  and  money  away  to  drones  so  they 
can  enslave  you.  The  four  million  thieves  stealing  for 
aristocracy  are  the  greatest  fools  in  the  world.  The 
squire  gets  his  mansion  (the  same  here)  rated  for  one- 
third.  The  landlord  in  having  preference  over  other 
creditors.  The  game  laws  being  arbitrary  and  despotic. 
The  right  Reverend  Fathers  in  God  appropriated  ec- 
clesiastical funds,  for  the  embellishment  of  their  own 
palaces.  But  we  have  said  enough  to  convince  any 
honest  man".  But  a  dishonest  aristocrat  would  not  be 
convinced,  if  all  the  reason  in  the  world  were  concen- 
trated against  him.  He  is  reason  proof.  We  want  the 
workingman  to  know  the  villainous  and  infernal 
scamps  that  have  ruled  him,  and  for  which  the  igno- 
rant four  million  thieves  have  such  great  respect.  We 
say  to  the  workingman,  do  not  have  a  particle  of  re- 
spect for  the  lying  thieves;  and  take  the  government 
in  your  own  hands.  Do  not  be  fools,  and  divide  and  be 
conquered^  and  vote  for  a  third  party  of  no  soul.     Do 


6^6  THE  workingman's  guide. 


'J 


you  think  that  those  third  parties  voted  for  themselves  ? 
We  think  they  did  not.  Do  not  look  up  to  and  respect 
aristocrats,  office  holders  and  seekers  ;  despise,  and  de- 
test, and  abominate  most  of  them.  We  have  indirect- 
ly interviewed  them,  and  found  them  soulless,  ignorant, 
immoral,  vile,  lying,  thieving,  robbing,  venomous  cobras, 
and  infernal  reptiles  and  brutes.  And  why  will  the 
people  respect  such  stygian  drones  and  scamps?  Read 
the  bill.  They  have  stolen  more  than  the  country  is 
worth. 

Men  are  selfish,  and  he  who  trusts  all  his  interest  to 
others  is  an  egregious  simpleton.  -  We  will  say  that 
there  are  many  honest  men.  and  we  will  also  say  that 
there  are  many  cheats  and  liars  and  swindlers,  and  he 
who  does  not  take  care  and  watch  the  gull-catchers 
will  lose  his  all.  Do  not,  workingman,  do  as  the  four 
millions  liars,  fools  and  thieves  do.  They  have  entire 
and  implicit  confidence  in  the  lying,  black  Republican, 
codfish  aristocracy,  and  do  their  bidding,  and  estab- 
lish a  despotic  government  in  this  country.  What 
stupid  dunces  and  blockheads  these  four  millions  are, 
to  give  their  country  away  after  stealing  it  from  the 
people.  "  Irresponsible  rulers  will  sacrifice  the  public 
good  to  their  personal  benefit,  all  solemn  promises 
specious  professions,  and  carefully  arranged  checks 
and  safeguards  notwithstanding."  Class  legislation 
is  the  inevitable  result  of  aristocracy.  There  is  no  es- 
cape from  the  conclusion  that  the  interest  of  the  whole 
of  society  can  be  maintained  only  by  legislation  for 
the  benefit  of  the  whole  people.  We  can  say  that  we 
are  not  a  son  of  a  prophet,  nor  are  we  a  prophet,  and 
we  can  say  moreover,  that  if  this  infernal  and  outr 
geous  lying  and  stealing  is  not  stopped,  that  this  coun- 
try will  be  one  of  the  first  of  the  lost  civilization 
The  stealing  of  more  than  the  country  is  worth  in 
twenty-four  years  is  more  than  the  people  can  bear, 
and  will  bear.  A  knave  and  a  cheat,  and  a  liar  and 
swindler,  is  a  fool,  and  the  black  Republicans  are  so 
infatuated  in  the  worship  of  mammon,  that  they  over- 
do   this    lying,  stealing    business  entirely.     To   steal 


POLITICS.  637 

more  than  the  whole  country  is  worth  in  twenty-four 
years  is  more  than  human  nature  can  bear;  and  the 
worst  of  the  case  is,  that  the  same  stealings,  or  nearly 
the  same,  is  now  going  on  continually,  as  no  legisla- 
tion at  present  can  prevent  it,  because  the  infernal 
thieves  have  a  majority  in  the  United  States  Senate. 
The  Democrats  passed  a  resolution  to  have  the  land 
the  railroads  forfeited  by  non-performance  of  contract, 
go  back  to  the  government,  and  the  stygian  black  Re- 
publicans voted  it  down  in  the  Senate.  As  it  now 
stands,  it  is  very  plainly  visible  to  any  sensible  man 
that  the  four  millions  of  thieves  and  robbers  owe  their 
country  a  spite,  and  are  resolved  to  ruin  the  country 
by  giving  it  away  to  the  infernal  aristocracy. 

The  black  aristocracy  say  as  the  workingmen  have 
the  greatest  number,  if  they  ruled  they  would  pass 
laws  to  injure  the  rich.  This  is  false;  they  would  do 
no  such  thing.  The  infernal  demons  know  that  they 
have  robbed  the  workingmen,  and  they  fear  they  will 
retaliate.  If  the  workingmen  should  take  all  they 
had,  yes,  every  cent,  they  then  would  not  have  a  hun- 
dredth part  what  the  diabolical  Belials  have  stolen 
from  them.  It  is  easier  for  aristocracy  to  combine 
theft,  robbery,  plunder  and  class  legislation,  than  for 
many  times  as  many  working  people  to  combine  to 
prevent  the  stealing  of  aristocracy.  Another  reason 
is,  that  the  people  do  not  understand  the  stealing 
games  that  the  demons  have,  to  purloin  the  property 
of  the  people.  The  people  must  study  those  games, 
and  beware  of  what  the  Abaddons  say  of  them.  They 
tell  the  workingman  that  the  scheme  is  to  enrich  the 
laborer,  and  is  for  the  benefit  of  the  country;  will  ad- 
vance the  price  of  labor,  and  all  manner  of  lies,  when 
its  effects  are  diametrically  in  the  opposite  direction. 
We  say  to  the  workingman.  Open  your  eyes  and  see 
what  is  transpiring,  and  you  will  see  that  the  wealth  is 
going  as  fast  as  it  can  in  a  few  thieves'  hands,  and  we 
say  now  it  is  high  time  that  you  learn  how  to  meet  the 
predacians  and  tartarean  robbers  and  thieves.  This 
country  has  been  the  harbor  of  the  laboring  man,  but 


638  THE    WORKINGMAn's       GUIDE. 

the  vile  reptiles  have  made  it  a  refuge  of  swindlers  and 
thieves,  who  have  stolen  all  the  country  is  worth,  and 
more,  in  twenty-four  years,  and  still  the  stealing  is  con- 
tinuing. But  the  nefarious  and  infernal  and  degraded 
aristocracy  say  the  workingmen  are  immoral.  If  they 
were  entitled  to  credence,  it  would  have  some  weight, 
but  they  do  not  scruple  to  tell  a  lie,  and  so  they  do  in 
this  case.  The  workingmen  are  more  moral  than  they. 
If  they  were  brought  to  trial,  they  all  would  be  found 
guilty.  They  put  potatoes  and  alum  in  bread,  add 
salt  to  tobacco,  and  colchium  to  beer,  mix  lard  with 
butter,  mix  water  with  milk,  adulterate  oils,  sell  one 
kind  of  goods  and  deliver  another  daily,  put  old  rags 
in  shoddy  into  cloth,  put  cotton  in  goods  and  call  them 
woolen,  and  put  gypsum  in  paper  to  make  it  weigh 
more;  lawyers  to  deceive  their  clients,  and  the  crime 
of  bribery  is  not  at  all  to  be  laid  to  the  elector.  And 
the  horse  and  cattle  market  will  not  bear  scrutinizing. 
Members  of  the  legislature  and  congress  amass  wealth 
amazingly  quick,  and  who  is  the  most  to  blame  for 
bribery  ?  We  say  aristocracy ;  they  are  the  bane  of 
the  world  ;  no  crime  but  what  they  are  guilty  of ;  they 
have  no  sense  of  honor,  only  to  pretend  to  be  what 
they  are — utter  strangers  to  morality.  In  the  cheat- 
ing at  horse  racing,  not  but  a  few  races  on  the  square; 
and  night  cheating  at  the  gambling  tables.  Vice  and 
stealing  among  the  common  people  is  not  half  so  bad 
as  it  is  among  the  broadcloth  aristocracy  ;  and  if  the 
number  is  taken  into  consideration,  the  codfish  infer- 
nal thieves  are  much  ahead  in  crime. 

But  what  are  we  doing  ?  Proving  that  black  is 
black,  and  white  is  white.  Only  think  !  the  infernal 
scamps,  the  aristocrats,  live  in  luxury  and  magnificence, 
and  do  not  work,  and  then  talk  of  their  morality. 
Why,  man,  they  live  by  stealing.  They  stole  the  whole 
country,  and  are  still  stealing.  Frauds  in  business; 
look  at  the  courts;  Judges  and  Senates  are  bought  for 
gold,  iiy  legal  chicanery,  men  are  cheated  out  of 
their  all.  The  infernal  demons  do  well  to  charge  the 
common   peo})le    with  crime,   when   they   were   made 


POLITICS.  639 

poor  by  the  thefts  of  the  diabolical  and  tartarean  aris- 
tocracy. They  do  well  to  call  names,  that  live  by  ra- 
pine, rapacit}'  and  plunder.  Unscrupulous  predacians  ! 
They  take  all  the  people  have,  and  then  give  them 
half-price  for  their  labor,  and  charge  them  double  for 
what  they  sell  to  them,  and  in  the  end  skin  them,  and 
have  their  skins  tanned  into  leather,  and  then  call  them 
immoral !  Fine  times,  when  man-eaters,  bucaneers, 
land-pirates,  extortioners,  thieves,  liars  and  knaves  and 
fools  call  the  people  who  support  them  immoral,  and 
steal  their  political  rights,  and  bribe  and  corrupt  them 
with  money  they  stole  from  them  and  then  call  them 
immoral  !  Workingman,  where  is  your  spirit  ?  Why 
do  you  yet  delay  taking  the  reins  of  government  in 
your  hands,  and  drive  this  nefarious  and  abominable 
and  atrocious  Erebus  hounds  into  the  regions  where 
they  will  receive  the  greatest  punishment  that  can  be 
inflicted  on  them  ;  that  is,  that  they  will  have  to  earn 
their  own  livelihood  by  the  sweat  of  their  brow.  But 
they  will  not  do  that,  so  they  will  become  extinct  by 
starvation,  and  goto  the  old  saurians.  And  when  they 
are  gone,  who  can  truthfully  say  it  is  a  damage  ?  We 
would  call  it  a  great  blessing  to  get  rid  of  such  an  ex- 
pensive brute.  Workingman,  demand  your  proper 
place  at  the  head  and  helm,  and  take  your  position  as 
ruler.  Who  but  a  lying  aristocrat  will  say  that  you 
should  not  occupy  the  highest  places  ;  and  who  made 
the  country  what  it  is,  and  who  built  the  cities,  who 
superintends  the  factories,  who  runs  the  railroad  cars, 
who  made  the  ocean  steamers  and  runs  them  over  the 
tempestuous  waves,  who  tills  the  soil }  The  most  im- 
portant and  the  least  respected  of  all.  And  you  may 
expect  it  as  long  as  one  all-important  matter  goes  entire- 
ly wrong — as  aristocracy  governs — then  many  others 
will  go  wrong.  Put  a  wrong  wheel  in  a  place,  and  all  the 
machinery  will  produce  miserable  results.  So,  if  the 
aristocrat  is  made  to  take  his  natural  place  as  a  drone, 
then  labor  will  be  respected,  and  the  farmer,  mechan- 
ic and  workingman  will  take  their  places;  then  all 
matters  will  move  along  as  they  should.      It  is  a  mis- 


640  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

erable  folly  to  put  drones,  knaves,  fools,  aristocrats  and 
thieves  and  scoundrels  in  office;  then  the  country 
mourns,  and  the  honest  workers  suffer.  He  is  a  fool 
who  puts  a  miserable  fool  to  run  his  farm.  Worse 
still,  in  this  case  :  An  egregious  thief  is  chosen  to  run 
a  great  store,  and  he  stole  the  store,  and  yet  those  in- 
fatuated fools  that  put  him  in  would  try  him  again. 
They  owe  their  country  a  grudge,  and  are  determined 
to  steal  it  all  and  give  it  to  their  masters  ;  and  they 
think  that  is  smart.  Egregious  and  infernal  fools ! 
No  reason,  not  their  own  interest,  will  swere  them  from 
ruining  their  country,  so  they  can,  when  they  are  poor 
as  a  church  mouse,  say,  "  Our  party  has  won.  The 
glorious  old  party  has  won  the  election."  Infernal  and 
tartarean  infatuation  !  Workingman,  the  thief  who 
steals  the  fruits  of  your  labor  looks  down  on  you  as 
if  of  no  account,  and  you  who  bring  the  food  to  the 
drones'  mouths  (as  the  slave  ants  do  to  their  masters) 
are  despised  and  detested.  He  who  lives  in  luxury  on 
your  toil,  without  paying  you  for  it,  despises  you. 
You  have  to  live  from  hand  to  mouth,  in  the  morning 
not  knowing  how  you  are  to  get  your  dinner.  You 
who  are  the  foundation  of  society  are  scorned  by  an 
infernal  who  has  stolen  your  honest  toil.  You,  who 
labor  for  an  honest  living,  to  be  despised  by  a  thief 
who  stole  all  you  had  ! 

Some  have  the  opinion  that  all  of  the  rights  of  the 
people  come  from  government,  and  again  others  that 
all  reason,  morals  and  rights  come  from  the  Bible. 
Both  are  egregiously  mistaken.  They  never  will  learn 
much  with  such  a  start.  The  first  think  that  we  would 
be  like  brutes  but  for  government.  We  are  fully  sat- 
isfied that  the  government  of  the  present  day  is  a 
stumbling  block,  a  brake,  an  obstruction  to  civilization. 
Aristocracy  has  the  control  of  it,  and  they  conduct  it 
entirely  for  their  benefit.  It  is  a  machine  to  make 
the  aristocracy  rich  by  the  labor  of  the  workingman. 
And  the  most  complete  ring  has  been  formed  that 
ever  was  in  the  world,  and  the  fools,  and  knaves,  and 
extortioners,  and  cheats,  and    liars,  and  thieves  (the 


POLITICS.  641 

four  million  strong),  are  the  tools  that  consummate 
the  villainy  of  robbing  the  people  of  their  just  earn- 
ings. Read  the  bill  carefully.  Government  at  present, 
all  over  the  world,  is  villainy,  fraud,  force,  rascality, 
robbery,  plunder,  lying,  stealing,  robbing;  and  we  call 
onthe  workingman  to  ship  these  Stygian  aristocrats 
to  Erebus,  and  let  them  hold  council  in  pandemonium, 
which  is  a  proper  place  for  them,  and  run  the  govern- 
ment themselves,  as  they  surely  cannot  make  as  bad 
work  of  it  as  the  Abaddons  have  done.  Do  not  delay, 
workingmen  ;  the  world  is  going  to  destruction.  Pov- 
erty, predacion,  crime,  pauperism  and  lying  are  taking 
possession  of  this  sublunary  orb.  The  barbarians 
worship  their  leaders ;  so  do  the  black  Republican, 
codfish  aristocracy.  It  is  unnecessary  to  give  names.. 
The  reader  can  think  of  a  number,  no  doubt.  And  the 
infernal  thieves  believe  and  think,  the  leading  scamps 
say,  such  as  this :  "  The  working  man  gets  seventy 
per  cent,  of  the  products  of  the  manufactories";  and 
one  infernal  liar  said  the  laborers  got  eighty  per  cent, 
of  the  products.  Now,  we  can  not  see  how  the  fools 
can  have  patience  to  listen  to  such  Tartarean  lies  ;  it 
appears  they  are  the  most  ignorant  simpletons  that 
ever  existed.  The  wages  of  the  men,  women  and 
children  amounted  to  a  little  over  seventeen  per  cent, 
of  the  products  in  the  year  of  1880;  in  i860  it  was 
about  twenty  per  cent.  How  it  can  be  that  men 
who  pretend  to  be  sane  can  be  led  as  they  are  is 
astonishing,  and  astounding,  and  mysterious,  and  can 
not  be  solved.  Why  men  who  are  sensible  on  some 
questions  can  be  such  monomaniacs  we  cannot  solve. 
The  wonderful  stories  of  the  origin  and  their  de- 
scription of  heroes  give  much  light  of  the  state  of 
the  times,  after  giving  unparalleled  accounts  of  their 
heroes.  They  called  the  starry  clusters  in  the  heavens 
after  them,  and  some  of  the  Polynesian  islanders  be- 
lieve that  their  chiefs  only  have  souls.  So  most  all 
nations  have,  and  are,  making  egregious  fools  of  them- 
selves. It  was  death  to  enter  the  room  the  king  was 
in,  and  some,  as  they  do  yet,  are  confirmed  that  their 

41 


643  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

leader  in  politics  or  religion  was  of  divine  origin.  The 
Russian  soldiers  consider  the  Czar  a  deity  on  earth. 
So  the  black  infernal  scamps  made  loyalty  the  great- 
est virtue,  and  treason  the  blackest  crime ;  and  the  idi- 
ots said  what  their  masters  told  them  to  say.  Next 
they  considered  the  king  ruled  by  divine  authority; 
and  now  in  many  places  the  subject  has  to  prostrate 
himself  when  he  comes  in  presence  of  the  monarch. 
But  a  light  is  appearing  on  earth;  the  divine  right  of 
rulers  is  exploded,  and  the  people's  rights  are  some- 
what acknowledged,  and  his  freedom  is  inserted  in  the 
written  constitution.  And  now,  Mr.  Black  Republi- 
can, we  want  you  to  answer  this  question.  Did  the 
black  aristocracy  oppose  nearly  every  freedom  that  the 
people  have  acquired  in  this  government  ?  We  are 
satisfied  they  did  ;  and  the  black  four  millions  are  ready 
at  any  time  to  assert  aristocracy  against  the  people. 
The  progress  in  freedom  is  visible  in  man}'-  things. 
Men  could  not  say  a  word  against  their  leaders  at  the 
beginning  of  this  century  in  England;  now  they  can 
be  harshly  spoken  of.  And  the  old  Federals  passed  a 
law  fining  and  jailing  a  man  for  caricaturing  the  offi- 
cers of  government.  Great  tyrants,  the  leaders  of  aris- 
tocracy were.  The  black  Republican,  codfish  aristoc- 
racy are  the  same  ;  they  find  fault  that  the  Demo- 
crats are  getting  a  few  offices ;  when  they  had  all  of 
them.  Infamous  scamps  ;  no  honor,  no  decency,  no 
justice  in  them.  How  men  can  be  so  villainous,  we 
cannot  explain.  Barbarity  has  not  yet  died  out  of 
the  man,  or  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy 
would  not  be  so  utterly  depraved.  Barbarism  is  seen 
in  trade  ;  a  tradesman  charges  two  or  three  prices  for 
an  article,  and  he  says  it  is  right  to  lake  it,  if  he  can 
get  the  consent  of  the  customer.  The  aristocracy 
prove  that  they  are  totally  depraved  villains,  and 
scamps,  and  thieves,  and  robbers  in  broadcloth,  and 
are  on  the  watch  to  see  who  they  can  cheat. 

Black  Republicans  are  worshipers  of  those  in  pow- 
er, and  they  are  aristocrats,  and  those  who  worship 
power  are  barbarians.     Any  person  who  has  read  his 


POLITICS.  643 

tory  will  readily   see   that.     There  have   been   books 
written  that  pretend  to  prove  that  the  monarch's  man- 
date should  be  the  law  of  the  land.     That  is  a  little 
better  than  the  ancient  custom,  which  considered  the 
private  individual  the  property  of   the   ruler — that   he 
had  no  rights  at  all — and  practically  it  is  so  still  in  Rus- 
sia and  many  eastern  countries ;  but  we   are  outgrow- 
ing these  barbarous  customs  slowly.     It  has  been  held 
by  some  that  our  forefathers  made  a  covenant  with 
their  subjects;  that  they,  the  subjects,  should  exchange 
allegiance  for  protection,  and  that  was  a  perpetual  con- 
tract, and  thereby  we  are  bound  to  be  loyal  to  the  rul- 
ers.    You  may  say  the  aristocracy  and  some  educated 
fools  imbibed    the   doctrine.     Who  but  can  see  that  is 
but  a  trick  to  make  slaves  of  the  people  ;  and  if  the 
present  aristocracy  should  unfurl  that  as  a  law,  the  four 
million  fools  would  say  amen,  and  hurrah  for  the  new 
law.     This  is    too  foolish    to   undertake  to   disprove. 
We  do  not  believe  in    one   generation  enslaving  the 
next;  that  is,  the  democrats  do  not.     The  infernal  four 
millions  believe  anything   their  infamous  leaders  say, 
and  they,  no  doubt,  look  upon  it  with  pleasure.     Oth- 
ers change  the  original,  and  have  it  that  we  have  put 
our  rights  in  trust  with  the  villainous  aristocrats,  which 
is  much  the  same  as  the  first.     The  power  that  gov- 
ernment has  is  but  a  borrowed  power,  and  officers  are 
not  gods  on  earth.     They  should  be  taught  that  their 
power  is  but  temporary,  and   has   to  cease  when  the 
sovereign   people  say    so;    and  the   rulers  should   be 
taught  to  know  that  they  are  the  servants  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  are  to  work  for  the  interests  of  the  people. 
Despotism   may  dissent  from  this  truism.     The  cod- 
fish will  object  to  this  idea,  and  his  co-laborer,  the  des- 
pot, will  coincide  with  him.     The  voice  of  the  people 
is  the  voice  of  God,  is  an  old  maxim,  but  we  tell  you 
it  is  not  true.     The  voice  of  the  people  is  the  voice  of 
Apollyon  sometimes;  he  was  a  numskull  who  coined 
that  sentence.     It  will  be  a  long  time  before  that  sen- 
tence will  be  true.     The  voice  of  the  people  in  the  fu- 
ture, no  doubt,  will  be  the  voice  of  the  Creator.      But 


644  THE  workingman's  guide. 

take  the  voice  of  the  people  for  the  last  twenty-four 
years,  and  it  was  the  voice  of  millions  of  demons  in 
Erebus  and  pandemonium,  assembled  to  concoct  how 
to  steal  and  rob. 

All  governments  at  the  present  day  are  more  or  less 
an  evil,  and  which  is  the  greatest  evil  men  will  disa- 
gree about.  Probably  aristocracy  is  the  most  objec- 
tionable, and  we  have  that  infernal  kind  in  practice, 
not  in  form  ;  the  form  is  Republican,  the  practice  is 
an  infernal  lying,  thieving,  robbing  aristocracy.  No 
government  in  the  world  steals  as  much  from  the  peo- 
ple as  this  tartarean,  vile  aristocracy  does.  Read  the 
bill,  it  is  stupendous.  The  diabolical  thieves  have  had 
a  rich  bonanza,  and  the  stygian  and  brutal  Apollyons 
have  regaled  themselves  sumptuously,  and  millions 
have  thereby  been  impoverished.  They  have  stolen 
more  than  forty  billions  of  dollars,  and  have  spent 
much  of  it.  He  who  steals  spends  the  stealings  freely. 
We  will  put  the  property  at  $40,000,000,000.  They  sav- 
ed say  ten  to  twenty  billions,  and  the  property  each  own- 
ed was  from  eight  to  ten  hundred  dollars  apiece;  one 
thousand  into  ten  billions  is  ten  millions  ;  so  they  have 
stolen  the  property  of  ten  millions  of  people ;  and  at 
five  in  a  family,  they  have  stolen  the  property  of  two 
millions  of  families.  Bear  in  mind,  that  did  not  all 
come  out  of  those  families,  but  some  lost  more,  and 
some  lost  less,  and  others  lost  all ;  so  this  loss  is  dis- 
tributed, probably,  among  forty  millions  of  people,  and 
the  infernal,  Erebus-deserving,  black  Republican,  styg- 
ian aristocracy  have  the  money,  and  have  more  today 
than  they  know  what  to  do  with,  and  tramps,  thieves,  and 
paupers  abound  in  most  parts  of  the  country.  And  can 
you  see  a  point .''  The  richer  a  country  is,  the  more  pau- 
pers, criminals,  thieves  and  robbers  in  that  place.  Can 
we  see  why }  Because  the  aristocracy  stole  their  prop- 
erty.    But  none  are  so  blind  as  those  who  will  not  see. 

So  it  is  with  the  four  millions  of  liars  and  thieves. 
He  who  is  dishonest  in  government,  is  dishonest  in 
everything:  in  religion,  arts,  sciences,  and  business. 
It  cannot  be  that  a  man  is  dishonest  in  politics,  and 


POLITICS.  645 

nothing  else  ;  as  well  may  a  spring  pour  out  two  kinds 
of  water,  hard  on  one  side  and  soft  on  the  other,  or  sul- 
phur on  one  side  and  salt  on  the  other;  they  will  mix, 
and  either  one  or  the  other  will  be  predominant.  So 
it  may  be  said  that  a  man  who  is  dishonest  in  politics 
is  dishonest  in  all  he  undertakes,  it  matters  not  what. 
There  is  a  reason  for  all  things  and  transactions  in 
the  universe,  it  matters  not  of  what  name  or  nature  it 
is  ;  so  there  must  be  a  reason  for  hard  times.  We 
give  the  solution  in  this  manner  :  The  infernal  aristoc- 
racy steal  and  rob  the  people  of  their  earnings.  In  the 
last  twenty-four  years  they  stole  forty  billions  of  dol- 
lars. Now,  that  must  make  hard  times.  That  is  to 
steal  from  a  man  all  he  is  worth  in  twenty-four  years; 
that  is,  steal  all  the  average  are  worth.  Some,  of 
course,  must  go  down  the  flume.  The  first  thing  that 
a  man  notices  is,  that  he  finds  it  more  difficult  to  pay 
his  expenses.  He  does  not  know  that  his  earnings 
have  been  stolen;  times  have  been  easy;  he  has  run 
in  debt,  in  endeavoring  to  live  up  to  the  infernal  aris- 
tocracy; so  he  got  in  debt.  When  pa3''-day  comes,  his 
note  is  protested  and  collected,  or  his  mortgage  is 
foreclosed,  and  he  is  a  lame  duck.  Many  go  under, 
and  the  capitalist  makes  a  harvest.  The  most  of  the 
people  rush  about  and  postpone  debts  for  a  few  years ; 
then  they  go  to  work  with  a  rush,  and  the  result  is 
that  an  over-production  is  thrown  on  the  market,  and 
prices  are  ruinous,  and  the  people  can  scarcely  meet 
expenses.  Then  they  cry  hard  times,  but  they  have 
to  pay  up,  and  make  the  aristocracy  safe.  Now  this 
hard  time  is  over,  and  soon  another  grand  steal  makes 
another  hard  time,  and  the  same  result  is  produced. 
It  makes  a  regular  stagnation,  to  steal  and  take  from 
the  people  such  a  vast  sum,  and  transfer  it  furtively  to 
the  pockets  of  the  aristocrats.  Now,  even  the  most 
ignorant  are  suspicious  that  some  secret  movement  is 
at  work.  He  sees  that  a  few  are  getting  rich,  and 
many  poor,  but  he  cannot  say  how.  Read  the  bill  and 
know.  We  say  that  the  black  Republicans  are  to 
blame  for  all  this  poverty.     First,  by  stealing  the  peo- 


646  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

pie's  earnings,  and  in  that  manner  making  them  poor. 
Second,  by  setting  examples  of  idleness,  luxury  and 
extravagance,  and  the  middle  class  try  to  follow  their 
example,  but  they  cannot,  and  fail ;  so  the  middle  class 
is  being  used  up,  and  only  two  classes  will  be  left,  the 
rich  owning  all  the  property,  and  the  poor  are  pau- 
pers and  criminals.  There  is  where  the  infernals  are 
taking  us  to.  Third,  the  vile  thieves  and  degraded, 
infernal  black  Republicans  now  have  all  the  property, 
and  the  mass  of  the  people  must  be  hewers  of  wood 
and  drawers  of  water.  A  black  Republican  is  the 
greatest  fool  of  all. 

If  men  were  all  honest  and  intelligent,  we  would  not 
need  any  government;  but  that  time  is  in  the  distant 
future.  Now,  as  society  is  constituted  with  many 
thieves  and  robbers;  and  then,  the  four  million  black 
Republican,  infernal,  codfish,  aristocratic  thieves,  who 
can  steal  all  the  country,  and  the  people  not  know 
who  did  it,  or  how  or  when  it  was  done.  We  will 
wager  that  these  four  million  thieves  can  double  dis- 
count  the  world  in  stealing.  All  the  other  stealing, 
robbing,  cheating,  swindling,  all  together,  does  not 
amount  to  one-twentieth  part  that  they  steal,  and  they 
steal  from  themselves,  and  give  all  to  the  aristoc- 
racy, so  much  are  they  inclined  to  steal.  We  wish 
their  stealing  was  all  confined  to  themselves,  but  it  is. 
not.  The  democrats  have  to  stand  the  most  of  it. 
Read  the  bill.  The  aristocrats  tax  a  man  for  their  ben- 
efit. They  can  buy  the  majority,  and  get  them  to  do 
anything  they  want  done.  We  say,  Workingmen  unite, 
and  stop  this  wholesale  infernal  stealing,  you  can  stop 
it  and  you  should  do  it.  In  religion  we  have  light. 
Once  we  were  compelled  to  pay  to  the  church,  but  at 
present  we  are  not.  So  progress  manifests  itself  in  all 
things.  But  says  the  egregious  fool,  the  rich  have  al- 
ways ruled  and  they  always  will.  He  never  read  his- 
tory, which  shows  how  the  scamps  ruined,  instead  of 
ruled,  as  they  should  ;  and  the  indications  of  the  past 
are,  that  in  the  future  aristocracy  will  be  laid  low.  It 
may  be  in  sanguinary  strife  and  fratricidal  combat; 


POLI'lICS.  647 

but  we  hope  not,  and  advise  the  workingman  not  to 
think  of  war,  but  how  to  change  the  affairs  of  the  coun- 
try peaceably.  Join  the  liberal  party  ;  don't  believe  what 
the  lying,  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  say. 
Not  a  word  must  you  believe  ;  and  do  not  vote  a  black 
diabolical ;  and  if  he  offers  you  money,  take  it  and  vote 
your  own  ticket.  You  will  be  serving  him  just  right. 
If  you  sell  yourself,  you  will  be  a  poor  scamp,  with  no 
principle  left.  If  you  take  his  money  and  keep  your 
manhood  intact,  you  will  do  right.  We  tell  you  to  get 
all  the  money  you  can  out  of  the  scamp ;  you  will  be 
taking  ©nly  your  own  money,  what  he  has  stolen  from 
you ;  and  you  may  be  sharp  and  shrewd  as  you  can  be, 
you  will  never  get  one-hundreth  part  back  that  he  has 
stolen  from  you.  So  all  you  can  get  from  him  is  your 
own.  And  be  sure  that  you  vote  against  the  black  Re- 
publicans. 


CHAPTER  XLir. 

POLITICS. 

The  tartarean  infernals  gave  away  three  hundred 
millions  of  acres  of  land  to  a  diabolical  aristocracy,  for 
nothing.  The  fool  says  it  was  to  get  the  rail  roads 
built.  That  is  a  lie.  They  had  agreed  to  give  the 
demons  money  to  build  the  roads,  and  they  had  no 
constitutional  right  to  do  that.  It  was  done  to  build 
up  an  aristocracy,  to  enslave  tribes  and  corrupt  the 
people.  All  who  had  a  hand  in  it  deserve  to  be  dealt 
by  as  the  Chinese  deal  with  their  criminals.  And 
now  we  have  the  fruits  of  that  abominable  legislation. 
We  can  name  many  political  scamps  who  go  their 
might  for  the  fraud.  No  morals  they  have,  but  a 
great  opinion  of  themselves  they  have.  They,  or 
some  of  them,  have  commanded,  yet  they  were  not  fit 
to  command  a  dog.  They  go  for  lying,  robbing,  steal- 
ing and  swindling  in  politics.  Democratic  working- 
man,  you  are  a  long  way  ahead  of  those  reptiles,  and 
you  should  hate,  detest,  despise,  abominate  and  abhor 


648  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

the  thieves.  It  is  strange  to  us  how  a  man  can  like  a 
scamp  who  continually  steals  his  earnings,  and  believe 
what  the  tartarean  liar  says.  If  you  believe  a  word  he 
says,  you  do  injustice  to  yourself;  he  will  lead  you  in 
some  snare.  When  the  people  dispassionately  arrive 
at  the  conclusion  that  Democracy  is  right,  and  deter- 
mine that  they  will  adopt  it,  then  is  the  time  to  push 
the  matter ;  but  do  not  allow  the  thieves  to  take  an 
office  ;  if  you  do,  you  will  poison  the  government,  for 
all  they  have  anything  to  do  with  in  government  is 
poisoned.  So  do  not  let  them  have  office;  let  the 
scamps  vote,  and  nothing  more.  They  are  Belial's 
agents  on  this  earth,  and  he  assisted  to  rob,  steal  and 
plunder.  When  a  Democracy,  that  is  a  pure  one,  is  es- 
tablished peaceably,  then  it  may  endure.  But  we  say  to 
the  workingman.  Do  not  get  excited  ;  nothing  is  well 
done  under  excitement.  It  requires  coolness  in  delib- 
eration to  establish  a  good  government.  If  it  is  built 
in  anger  and  excitement  then  it  cannot  stand,  as  it 
will  not  be  good.  Mind,  you  are  not  to  slay  the 
thieves,  but  you  are  to  stop  their  stealing ;  and  then 
the  drones  will  starve,  as  they  will  rather  starve  than 
work ;  that  is,  a  large  majority  of  them.  Workipg- 
man,  you  must  take  the  honey  bee  for  your  model  in 
government,  then  you  are  all  right.  No  doubt,  this 
honey  bee  is  the  type  of  the  future  government.  Now 
you  have  a  good,  a  certain,  a  first  rate  and  easy  rule 
to  work  by,  so  go  ahead,  and  start  the  workingman's 
government.  But  let  no  drone  have  any  office,  nor 
any  parasite  of  any  drones.  Let  the  drones  become 
extinct. 

Government  established  by  force  or  maintained  by 
force  is  a  bad  sovereignty.  It  is  such  as  the  world 
has  always  had  Aristocracy  is  force,  plunder,  steal- 
ing, robbing,  lying,  corruption,  slavery,  serfdom,  cheat- 
ing, and  all  manner  of  crimes.  Democracy  is  founded 
on  reason  and  peace,  and  if  it  is  established  on  any 
other  basis,  it  will  not  stand.  Reforms  must  be  made 
according  to  the  moral  law.  Any  sovereignty  that 
rises  in  blood  is  very  apt  to  set  in  blood.     Beware  of 


POLITICS.  649 

this  countiy,  it  has  a  bad  beginning,  but  we  hope  will 
have  a  good  ending  ;  but  it  is  best  to  be  careful ;  the 
rule  is  a  good  one.  The  aristocracy  is  to  blame  for 
the  civil  war.  They  wanted  it,  because  they  could 
make  money  by  it,  and  it  crazed  the  people,  and  made 
fools  of  them.  They  gave  the  country  away  to  the  ne- 
farious, tartarean,  black  Republican,  codfish  aristoc- 
racy. In  war,  it  is  certain  that  there  will  not  be  good 
government ;  the  people  are  mad,  and  a  mad  man  has 
no  sense.  And  in  war,  people  have  no  reason.  That  is 
the  reason  that  the  Belials  wanted  war,  then  they  could 
do  as  they  pleased  with  the  people,  and  so  they  have. 
Time  proves  it.  Many  millionaires,  and  money  all  in 
the  hands  of  the  aristocrats  ;  tramps,  paupers,  beggars, 
thieves,  and  all  manner  of  evil  men.  We  say  to  the 
workingman,  Beware  of  war;  do  not  engage  in  it;  if 
you  do,  it  will  make  the  country  poor.  Do  not  allow 
it.  The  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  like  it, 
because  they  can  get  rich  on  fat  contracts.  It  demor- 
alizes the  people.  We  tell  you  again,  the  black  infer- 
nal demons  have  taken  the  country  back  in  morals  all 
or  more  than  a  hundred  years.  They  got  what  they 
wanted ;  an  opportunity  to  make  money ;  that  is  all 
they  cared  for,  to  rob  and  steal  from  the  people.  We 
hope  that  the  people  will  know  better  hereafter.  De- 
mocracy loves  its  country.  Aristocracy  only  cares  for 
its  country  as  they  can  make  money  out  of  it.  They 
care  less  for  the  people  than  they  do  for  their  horses, 
cattle,  sheep,  hogs,  poultry.  They  will  take  care  of 
their  stock,  but  nothing  good  will  he  do  for  the  work- 
ingman. But  they  will  rob  him ;  that  is  all  the  living 
they  have  in  this  world,  robbing  the  workingman. 
They  would  soon  starve  if  the  workingman  would 
study  his  interest,  see  that  the  demons  did  not-^  rob 
them,  and  take  care  of  their  money,  and  lay  up  for  a 
rainy  day ;  then  the  infernal  scamp  would  soon  become 
extinct.  And  the  millennium  will  not  come  until  aris- 
tocracy is  extinct.  And,  workingman,  you  see  how 
soon  you  can  bring  it  about.  Attend  to  your  interest, 
and  be  a  Democrat. 


650  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

Not  long  before  the  Presidential  election  of  1884, 
a  Republican  said  :  "  What  we  want  more  than  any- 
thing else  in  politics  is  an  honest  government,"  and  we 
think  that  he  did  not  vote  for  the  slippery  man.  Na- 
ture is  ever  improving,  and  if  the  Democrats  should 
die  off  to  a  man,  progressive  developement  would 
produce  a  democratic  party  by  evolutio.n.  It  is  true 
that  this  is  a  bold  saying,  as  the  material  to  be  used  for 
building  is  of  the  most  infamous  and  infernal  kind. 
But  nature  can  do  wonderful  things.  She  has  time 
to  do  her  work.  It  might  take  a  hundred  thousand 
years,  and  nature  has  the  time.  The  infernal  black 
Republicans,  it  is  true,  are  thousands  of  years  behind 
the  Democrats  in  political  morals;  but  the  scamps  are 
as  good  as  the  cavemen  of  a  hundred  thousand  years 
ago,  and  the  Democrats  have  evolved  from  them,  and  in 
the  same  time,  the  tartareans  may  learn  to  administer 
good  government.  The  four  million  liars  and  thieves, 
no  doubt,  will  take  exceptions  to  the  comparison. 
"  But  in  political  morals  we  doubt  if  the  black  infer- 
nal,codfish  Republicans  are  any  ahead  of  the  cavemen 
of  one  hundred  thousand  years  ago."  Read  the  sen- 
tence again,  and  then  consider.  The  cavemen  could 
not  hold  a  torch  for  these  lying, thieving,  robbing,  cheat- 
ing,swindling,  black  Republican, cod  fish, infernal  aristoc- 
racy. They  stole  more  than  the  country  was  and  is  worth 
in  twenty-four  years;  and  the  infamy  and  disgrace  and 
immorality  and  bribery,  and  the  corruption  they  have 
brought  on  the  country,  it  will  take  a  hundred  years  or 
more  to  bring  back  its  former  purity  We  say  again, 
do  not  give  those  God  forsaken,  Erebus-deserving  dia- 
bolicals  any  ofifice  again.  You  might  as  well  turn  a 
hundred  tigers  in  your  horse's  pasture,  as  to  let  the 
Asmodeans  administer  the  government.  And  so  it 
always  was  with  those  anacondas.  They  are  and  al- 
ways were  demons  in  destruction.  Take  another  ex- 
ample. Before  they  came  in  office  every  person  knows 
that  the  higher  Courts  were  clean  from  bribery  and  cor- 
ruj)tion  ;  and  how  is  it  now  ?  There  is  no  necessity  to 
mention  names,  but  hundreds  of  cases,  no  doubt,  could 


POLITICS.  651 

be  pointed  out,  where  the  higher  Courts  were  bribed, 
and  that  is  one  of  the  infernal  corruptions  that  the  de- 
mons practiced. 

Judges  and  Senates  have  been  bought  for  gold. 
But  honor  and  virtue  were  never  sold. 

Think  that  the  infernal  black  scamps  were  first  to 
buy  the  Courts.  So  says  the  parasite  of  aristocracy. 
We  will  not  alter  the  sentence  but  litde ;  we  will  an- 
swer the  fool  by  saying,  "  Property  is  not  King,"  and  * 
let  this  be  engraved  on  thy  minds  not  to  be  effaced, 
and  we  will  here  state  that  the  more  equal  distribu- 
tion of  property  there  is  fairly  and  honestly  made,  the 
more  happiness  will  be  among  the  people.  But  the 
fool  who  said  that  money  was  king  practically  was  us- 
ing all  his  power  to  amass  the  property  all  in  a  few 
men's  hands.  The  fool  says  money  has  always  ruled 
the  world,  and  it  always  will.  We  can  answer  the 
fool,  money  cannot  rule  the  world  only  by  stealing  the 
working  man's  wages.  If  he  has  the  wages  he  should 
have,  and  takes  care  of  his  money,  so  he  has  useful 
property,  he  then  will  rule.  So,  workingman,  all  that 
is  now  wanting  for  your  ascendency  is  that  you  be  in- 
dependent; and  you  see,  if  you  stop  the  stealing  now 
going  on  in  the  country,  and  take  care  of  your  money, 
you  will  checkmate  the  thieves,  and  aristocracy  will 
have  to  go  the  way  of  the  saurians,  become  extinct. 
But  the  ten  engines  of  stealing  and  swindling  must  be 
shut  down.  Read  the  bill  carefully.  If  the  aristocracy 
cannot  steal,  then  their  occupation  is  gone,  and  they 
will  starve.  We  say  to  the  working  man,  it  is  a  burn- 
ing shame  that  you  do  not  rule  the  country;  you  have 
the  essential  element  that  made  it  what  it  is,  and  main- 
tains it  continually.  Let  work  cease  one  month,  and 
where  would  the  country  be  ?  Now  you  have  the  la- 
bor, the  all-important  element  to  rule,  and  yet  you  are 
slaves.  Shame  on  you,  combine  and  rule,  but  you  must 
stop  the  thieves  stealing  and  take  care  of  your  money, 
and  you  will  have  useful  property,  and  you  will  rule. 
Now  you  know  how  you  can  rule  ;  s^op  the  thieves  steal- 
ing, and  save  yotir  money.     But,  says  the  fool,  they  do 


652  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

not  steal  from  me  ;  so  we  have  to  say  what  some  will 
call  harsh.  The  Black  Republican  thieves,  four  mil- 
lions strong,  are  the  greatest  fools  in  the  world.  They 
are  kept  poor  by  stealing,  and  they  do  the  most  of 
the  work  or  most  all  of  it.  Read  the  bill,  and  that 
will  tell  you  how  the  blacklegs  do  the  stealing.  The 
four  million  liars  and  thieves  put  me  in  mind  of  the 
slave  ants.  One  kind  have  to  feed  their  masters,  and 
when  they  move  from  one  place  to  another,  they  have 
to  carry  their  masters.  And  all  the  aristocracy  would 
have  to  say  to  the  four  millions  slaves,  serfs,  helots,  pro- 
letariats, Carry  us  where  we  want  to  go:  they  would  do 
it. 

We  have  had  many  a  talk  with  the  diabolicals,  and 
we  think  not  one  has  said  that  such  a  measure  was 
right.  They  never  have  right  on  their  side  ;  that 
would  annihilate  them ;  then  they  could  not  steal. 
Truth  and  justice  are  not  a  part  of  their  creed.  Is  it 
just  to  take  46  per  cent.,  47  per  cent.,  37  per  cent,  from 
the  people's  earnings  ?  When  we  asked  one  of  the 
black  Republicans  if  that  was  a  good  citizen  who  took, 
or  upheld  taking,  ^il  per  cent,  out  of  the  people,  he 
said  he  was  not.  And  when  we  asked  another  of  the 
aristocracy  if  they  had  always  stolen,  he  said  yes  ;  and 
we  asked  if  they  had  quit  stealing,  he  said  they  had 
not.  Another  said  the  tariff  was  a  cheat  and  a  swin- 
dle. Another  said  the  banking  system  is  calculated 
to  benefit  the  rich  man.  Black  Republican  Dan  Web- 
ster said  of  the  contrivances  to  cheat  the  man  who  la- 
bors, "  None  is  so  effectual  as  that  which  deludes  him 
with  paper  money  ;  it  fertilizes  the  rich  man's  field  with 
the  poor  man's  brow."  The  present  banking  system  is 
the  same  as  the  United  States  Bank,  which  General 
Jackson  vetoed.  And  what  can  the  people  think  of 
five  millions  of  watered  railroad  stock,  w^iich  the  peo- 
ple have  to  pay  interest  and  dividends  on  ;  and  tele- 
graphs, about  twenty  to  thirty  millions  watered  stock, 
which  the  people  have  to  pay  double  and  treble  inter- 
est and  dividends  on,  and  the  greatest  swindle  Asmo 
deus  ever  invented,  stealing  bilHons  a  year  out  of  the 


POLITICS  65.3 

people?  O  black  Republican,  fool  of  fools,  infernal 
dupes  and  slaves,  infatuated  serfs,  befooled  proletariats, 
gulled  !  Shame,  to  rob  yourself  and  wife  and  children 
to  gratify  your  spite  against  your  opponents,  who  are 
working  for  your  interest,  and  you  working  against 
your  interest.  What  infamy  unparalleled  !  What  total 
depravity  unprecedented!  What  infatuation  unspeak- 
able !  What  atrocitv  unfathomable  !  What  henious- 
ness  transcendent,  and  for  the  benefit  of  vile,  black 
Republican  demons  !  And  a  vile  and  brutal  ophid- 
ian said  that  the  Democrats  had  no  rights  which  the 
Republicans  were  morally  or  legitimately  bound  to  re- 
spect, and  the  infernals  gave  him  the  highest  office  in 
their  power,  and  the  infernal  scamp  may  by  some  in- 
famy go  higher.  So  it  goes.  The  greatest  tartarean 
villain  has  the  highest  place  ;  that  is  the  mode  by 
which  they  advance  in  office. 

"  Money  is  King,"  says  the  fool,  black  Republican. 
We  do  not  believe  that  the  fool  knows  what  he  says. 
If  he  did,  he  would  not  steal  and  give  it  to  a  venal^ 
black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy.  He  would  lay 
it  up  in  some  safe  place  for  future  use,  if  he  thought 
it  was  king.  No ;  the  fool  steals  for  his  master,  and 
lets  his  wife  and  children  starve  and  suffer.  We  say 
to  the  workingman :  it  is  sovereign,  it  is  primordial,  it 
is  primogenial.  Nothing  on  this  earth  but  life  is 
equal  to  it.  Workingman,  be  wise  betimes  ;  be  a  king  ; 
be  a  sovereign.  Do  you  want  to  be  a  king  and  a  man 
in  the  full  sense  of  the  word,  or  do  you  want  to  be  a 
slave,  a  serf,  a  fool,  a  tool,  like  the  four  million  thieves 
and  robbers,  who  eschew  the  good  things  they  steal 
and  give  them  to  their  infernal  masters }  Fools  ot 
fools  they  are,  and  there  is  no  hope  for  them  but  ex- 
tinction. But  the  worst  of  the  matter  is,  they  are  de- 
termined not  to  learn  better ;  so  a  lying  black  Repub- 
lican parasite  is  determined  to  be  a  fool,  and  a  poor, 
destitute  slave  and  serf  of  an  infernal  aristocracy.  We 
say  to  the  workingman,  Do  not  do  as  many  are  doing, 
be  a  tool  of  aristocracy.  Be  your  own  tool.  Listen 
to  advice,  and  then  take  your  own  counsel.     Use  the 


654  THE  workingman's  guide. 

brains  that  Nature  has  given  you  ;  and  you  know  what 
she  gave  them  to  you  for.  We  think  you  do  ;  she 
gave  them  to  you  for  use,  and  she  prefixed  a  penalty 
if  you  did  not  obey,  and  that  penalty  is,  you  shall  lose 
them  if  you  do  not  use  them.  Now,  we  assume  that 
you  will  be  discreet  enough  not  to  incur  the  penalty. 
Use  your  talents,  and  they  will  be  doubled  and 
trebled,  and  you  will  be  well  satisfied  and  happy, 
and  a  free  and  independent  man,  not  a  machine,  as 
the  four  million  of  thieves  who  steal  for  others,  and 
are  as  poor  as  church  mice  themselves,  and  give  their 
labor  to  the  diabolical  tartareans  ;  also  such  are  the 
fools  of  fools  and  knaves  of  knaves.  ApoUyon  can 
not  surpass  them.  Poor  gulls !  the  gull-catcher  has 
them  in  his  custody.  We  say  to  the  workingman 
again,  take  care  of  your  money  if  you  wish  to  be  a 
man.  If  you  desire  to  be  a  dependent,  a  tramp,  a  tool, 
a  serf,  a  slave  to  an  infernal  aristocracy,  then  you  can 
easily  be  it,  by  spending  your  money  foolishly  as  soon 
as  you  can  get  it.  But  if  you  wish  to  be  a  king,  a 
sovereign,  and  a  man,  then  make  good  use  of  the  use- 
ful property  you  can  honestly  acquire.  Get  food  and 
clothing  for  a  year  ahead,  and  bed  and  bedding  plenty 
for  your  use. 

Workingman,  we  say  keep  the  fools'  king ;  you  can 
do  much  better  by  keeping  your  useful  property, 
than  you  can  by  fooling  it  away.  And  it  is  just  as 
easy  to  keep  it,  as  to  fool  it  away;  keep  it  and  use  it 
properly.  Yes  ;  use  the  fools'  king,  and  you  will  be 
the  king,  the  sovereign,  the  primordial  man.  But 
spend  it  foolishly  and  you  will  be  the  king's  fool.  So 
you  can  be  a  fool,  or  a  man,  as  you  resolve.  We  de- 
sire that  you  make  good  use  of  the  fools'  king,  and  be 
a  king  yourself,  instead  of  making  a  fool  of  yourself, 
and  not  only  a  fool,  but  a  poor  wretch,  never  having 
the  comforts  of  life,  always  miserable,  and  often  starv- 
ing. We  say  again,  it  is  just  as  easy  to  make  good 
use  of  the  fools'  king,  as  to  fool  the  king  away ;  use 
the  king  to  procujre  useful  property,  and  be  an  inde- 
pendent man,  and   a  good  citizen,  and  stop   the  infer- 


POLITICS.  655 

nal  black  Republican  scamps  stealing.  Then  you  can 
vote  against  the  tartarean  demons,  and  you  will  have 
less  expense.  You  will  not  have  to  keep  a  band  of 
thieves  in  luxury  and  idleness.  What  do  you  think  of 
it?  Is  it  good  advice  ?  Some  may  not  like  it,  but  we 
have  a  duty  to  perform,  and  we  intend  to  do  it,  if  they 
like  it  or  not.  It  has  been  calculated  that  twenty  bil- 
lions of  property  has  been  added  to  the  property  in  the 
last  twenty  years.  That  is  probably  about  right,  and 
it  has  been  estimated  the  average  property  to  the  in- 
dividual in  the  United  States  is  less  than  one  thousand 
dollars.  Not  many  years  since  an  estimate  was  made 
and  the  average  was  ^834.  It  is  safe  to  say  it  is  less 
than  a  thousand  dollars  to  the  individual ;  that  is,  men, 
women,  and  children.  And  it  is  safe  to  sav  that  all 
that  money  was  stolen  by  the  ten  engines  of  aristoc- 
racy to  steal  the  people's  money.  So  the  rich  made 
all  the  money,  and  the  people  made  nothing.  It  is 
said  there  are  two  millions  of  tramps  in  the  United 
States.  That  just  makes  it;  twenty  billions  divided  by 
twenty  millions  gives  one  thousand.  The  rich  took 
the  money  of  the  twenty  millions  of  tramps  and  peo- 
ple. A  millionaire  takes  the  money  of  one  thousand 
individuals,  and  of  them  twenty  millions  many  had 
some  money  at  first  and  some  had  nothing.  But  any 
fool  that  wishes  to  see  it  can  easily  calculate  it.  A 
million  is  a  thousand,  and  as  each  person's  share  is  a 
thousand,  it  takes  a  thousand  individuals'  shares  to 
make  a  million.  So  much  evil  the  thieves  have  done. 
So  the  black  thieves  stole  the  money  of  twenty  millions 
of  individuals. 

Recently  an  eastern  journal  published  a  list  of  twen- 
ty persons  who  had  accumulated  seven  hundred  and 
fifty  millions  of  dollars,  which  is  about  one  twenty- 
sixth  of  all  that  was  made  during  that  time.  So  you 
see  twenty  persons  made  in  twenty  years  thirty-seven 
and  one-half  millions  of  dollars  each,  and  they  stole  the 
property  of  seven  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  of  people, 
or  on  an  average  they  made  seven  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand    paupers  in  twenty   years.     Vanderbilt  died 


656  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE.  ! 

worth  over  two  hundred  millions  of  dollars,  so  he  made 
over  two  hundred  thousand  paupers,  or  in  other  words, 
he  had  stolen,  or  his  forefathers  had  stolen,  part  of  it. 
They  together  had  stolen  the  property  of  two  hundred 
thousand  individuals.  These  immense  fortunes  are 
mostly  made  by  class  legislation.  The  tariff  is  the 
great  swindle.  See  the  bill  of  what  the  barbarian 
scamps  have  stolen  in  the  last  twenty-four  years.  It 
is  the  special  business  of  the  infernal,  black  Republi- 
can, codfish,  aristocratic  congressman  to  pass  infernal 
laws,  that  will  enable  the  demons  to  wring  all  the 
money  out  of  the  workingman  that  he  can  bear,  and 
the  leading  thieves  pay  them  for  doing  it;  then  it  has 
to  be  left  to  the  people,  or  they  have  to  be  pacified  for 
the  steal,  and  that  is  all  cut  and  fitted.  The  four  mil- 
lions thieves,  liars,  robbers,  slaves,  serfs,  are  ready  to 
do  anything  their  masters  ask  of  them.  We  have  said 
and  must  say  it  again,  there  is  nothing  so  infamous, 
infernal  and  diabolical  but  the  four  millions  of  thieves 
will  do  it.  We  make  a  horrible  picture,  the  black 
Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  will  say.  But  we  say 
we  have  made  no  picture ;  not  at  all ;  the  demons 
made  it  themselves.  We  are  only  showing  the  thing, 
the  infernal,  tartarean  thing,  in  its  true  colors,  and  we 
are  very  sorry  to  do  so,  but  we  agreed  to  tell  the  truth, 
and  so  you  have  it.  There  was  never  a  set  of  high- 
way robbers  that  had  the  effrontery  to  steal  so  bare- 
faced as  the  tartarean  scamps  have  done,  and  they 
have  done  it  without  any  compunction  of  conscience, 
and  that  is  sure  to  follow,  as  they  have  no  souls,  no 
moral  principle,  no  shame,  no  virtue,  and  the  four  mil- 
lions stand  at  any  time  ready  to  aid  and  assist  them. 
No  wonder  that  they  have  agents  abroad  teaching  that 
we  are  going  back  into  barbarism,  and  saying  there  are 
no  honest  men.  One  says.  Show  me  an  honest  man, 
and  I  will  show  you  a  man  who  has  hair  on  the  inside 
of  his  hand. 

We  have  proved,  to  the  satisfaction  of  honorable 
men,  that  the  aristocracy  is  the  bane  of  the  world,  the 
Boh  on  Upas  of  the  country.     Every  person  who  has 


POLITICS.  657 

an  ounce  of  brains  knows  that  they  have  stolen  the 
property,  money,  and  rights  of  the  people  ;  and  when 
the  country  had  progressed  in  arts,  manufacturers, 
science,  learning,  and  morals,  then  the  demons  stole 
the  people's  money  and  living,  and  corrupted  and  de- 
graded the  working  man,  and  made  paupers  of  them, 
lessened  their  wages  to  starvation  prices,  took  the  pro- 
vision out  of  the  mouths  of  women  and  children,  lied 
to  the  human  family — say,  for  instance,  have  lying,  de- 
ceitful, stealing  agents  all  over  the  country,  telling 
them  that  a  high  protective  tariff  was  necessary  for 
the  welfare  of  the  people,  when  they  made  on  their 
capital  47  per  cent,  in  i860,  46  per  cent,  in  1870,  and 
the  lying  scamps  say  37  per  cent,  in  1880,  when  they 
must  have  made  more,  as  the  tariff  was  greater,  and 
machines  more  perfect,  and  workmen  more  skilled. 
They  must  have  made  not  less  than  50  per  cent,  and, 
we  think,  60  per  cent.  And  the  demons  water  their 
stock  and  lie  about  it,  so  it  cannot  be  ascertained  ;  all 
of  them  water  their  stock.  We  call  on  the  common 
sense  of  the  people  of  the  country  (if  there  be  any  left 
that  has  not  been  infatuated  by  the  tartareans  and 
Erebus  hounds),  to  unite  and  put  a  stop  to  this  dia- 
bolical and  infernal  stealing.  If  you  do  not  put  a 
stop  to  it,  the  country  will  go  to  Davy  Jones.  If  you 
love  your  wife,  children,  country,  and  the  human  race, 
then  come  to  the  rescue,  and  save  the  best  government 
that  the  world  ever  saw.  Will  you  help  save  the 
country,?  No  man  with  a  grain  of  common  sense  can 
fail  to  see  that  we  are  drifting  to  Tartarus,  or,  more 
correctly,  the  demons  are  taking  us  to  Erebus.  The 
fool  says  that  money  is  king,  but  he  does  all  he  can  to 
give  his  king  to  a  few  infernal  scamps,  and  make  the 
people  poor  indeed.  We  say  again,  it  is  far  better  to 
die  a  free  man  than  to  live  a  slave  of  an  unfeeling,  in- 
famous, vile,  and  diabolical  aristocracy.  Aristocracy 
is  now,  and  always  has  been,  barbarism;  they  teach 
barbarity;  they  want  the  people  to  go  back  to  barbar- 
ism ;  they  have  not  emerged  from  that  degraded  s^iate, 

42 


658  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

and  if  the  people  do  not    reform  in  politics,  we  will  be 
lost  forever  and  ever. 

Democracy  is  the  highest  government  that  can  be 
established.  It  is  as  yet  in  its  infancy,  but  it  will  soon 
grow  to  manhood;  but  the  vile,  vicious,  and  villainous 
aristocracy  hinder  it  and  the  aristocracy  has  always  been 
a  damage  to  the  human  family.  And  why  will  the  people 
let  the  reptile  rule  the  earth  ?  There  is  no  sense  in  elect- 
ing a  single  black  Republican  to  office.  You  may  chain  a 
hyena,  and  keep  yourpoultry  coming  to  him,  but  as  soon 
as  he  has  an  opportunity  to  take  them,  he  will  do  so.  It 
is  all  right  if  you  keep  the  infernals  from  office,  but  as 
soon  as  you  give  them  office,  they  will,  by  some  cir- 
cumvention, deceive,  cheat,  and  lie  the  people  out  of 
their  rights  and  their  money.  We  see  no  other  mode 
of  having  a  good  government  than  by  electing  Demo- 
crats. But,  says  the  fool  aristocrat,  "  they  will  steal  as 
well  as  the  aristocrats."  That  is  not  so.  The  busi- 
ness of  aristocracy  is  to  steal.  They  always  have  done 
so,  and  always  will ;  it  is  their  occupation,  their  nature, 
their  organization,  their  trade.  They  live  by  it;  stop 
their  stealing,  and  they  will  starve,  die,  and  become  ex- 
tinct. If  you  think  we  are  too  hard  on  the  reptiles  and 
brutes,  just  tell  us  if  you  have  read  history,  what  they 
have  done  for  a  living,  and  how  many  kings  ever  have 
ruled  who  did  not  steal.  But  the  black  Republican 
said  they  always  have  stolen,  and  have  not  quit  it  yet. 
He  was  right,  for  they  always  will  steal  when  they  can. 
And  the  black  Republican  scamp  says  that  a  Demo- 
crat will  steal  as  readily  as  a  black  Republican  thief. 
We  say  that  is  false.  He  has  no  conception  of  hon- 
esty in  politics;  he  always  has  been  a  barbarian  thief, 
and  he  knows  nothing  of  honest  government.  Demo- 
crats do  not  steal;  their  motto  is  honest  government. 
If  they  steal,  they  are  not  Democrats.  P>|ual  and  ex- 
act justice  to  all  men  is  their  creed.  But  there  is  no 
justice  in  black  Republican  aristocracy ;  they  do  not 
even  pretend  to  be  honest  in  politics  ;  they  say  that 
there  is  no  honest  man.  That  tells  what  they  are. 
Out  of    their  own    mouths  you   can  condemn    them. 


POLITICS,  659 

When  the  people  are  moral  and  intelligent,  democracy 
will  succeed  codfish  aristocracy.  Now,  if  the  black  in- 
fernals  were  as  moral  and  intelligent  as  the  Democrats, 
we  would  have  a  good  government.  The  Democrats 
strive  to  establish  good  government.  The  black  infer- 
nals  endeavor  to  build  up  a  bad  government.  What 
a  pity  it  is  that  those  infernal  scamps  do  not  join  with 
the  Democrats  for  good  government! 

It  is  an  open  question  if  government  has  been  es- 
tablished for  the  good  of  the  whole  of  the  people,  or  if 
it  was  established  for  the  benefit  of  a  few.  No  doubt, 
it  was  established  for  the  benefit  of  a  few  trickish  and 
designing  scamps,  who  first  met  together,  and  agreed 
on  a  code  of  laws,  which  were  framed  for  their  own 
benefit;  and  in  some  cases  they  were  made  by  only 
one  man,  he  being  a  warrior  who  assumed  pov^'er.  In 
this  hypothesis,  which  is  the  true  one,  no  doubt,  we 
can  account  for  the  bad  state  of  the  government,  or  of 
the  code  of  laws,  as  they  were  framed  for  the  benefit 
of  one  or  a  few,  and  the  many  had  little  or  nothing  to 
do  with  them  ;  and  so  from  time  immemorial  we  have 
had  the  selfish  rule  of  one  or  a  few,  and  to  the  present 
day  we  have  the  same  bad  governments.  See  the 
governments  of  Europe.  They  do  nothing  but  watch 
for  a  chance  to  pounce  on  each  other,  and  rob  each 
other,  and  at  home  rob  the  people.  Are  we  any  bet- 
ter .f*  No;  we  lay  plans,  and  concoct  schemes  to  rob 
the  workingman.  A  horde  of  villainous  scamps  ob- 
tained possession  of  the  government  by  taking  anti- 
slavery  as  their  hobby,  and  then  by  irritating  and  goad- 
ing the  South  to  desperation,  they  got  an  excuse  to  de- 
clare war.  That  is  just  what  the  Abaddons  wanted. 
It  gave  them  the  greatest  chance  ever  was  to  make 
money,  and  they  had  free  scope  to  exercise  their  infer- 
nal depravity.  This,  you  will  see,  is  just  as  their  pro- 
genitors had  done  before  them.  They  are  about  the 
same  in  morals  as  the  ancient  barbarians;  no  honor, 
no  care  for  morals,  no  shame.  They  stole  as  much  as 
the  country  was  worth  in  twenty-four  years.  Now 
read   the  first  half,  and  you  will  see  what  the  infernal 


66o  THE  workingman's  guide. 

archetypes  have  done  in  this  book.  So  we  can  see 
why  the  scamps  rob,  steal,  and  plunder,  and  lie,  and 
cheat,  and  swindle.  That  has  always  been  the  order 
of  the  times,  and  these  benighted  infernal  scamps  have 
not  outgrown  the  atrocity  of  their  infernal  prototypes; 
and  they  never  will  outgrow  the  demon  that  is  in  them. 
Now  we  can  see  that  the  infernal  black  scamps  find 
no  fault  with  what  their  leaders  do.  They  give  hun- 
dreds of  millions  of  acres  of  land  away,  and  give  hun- 
dreds of  millions  of  dollars  away.  They  pass  class 
legislation  to  transfer  the  property  of  the  people  into 
the  hands  of  a  few  merciless  marauders,  and  beastly 
predaceans,  and  not  a  word  of  fault  do  the  four  million 
stygians  say.  They  give  the  bankers  money  to  bank 
on,  and  give  the  tariff  men  a  billion  a  year,  and  no 
fault  do  they  find.  They  give  the  whole  country  away 
to  a  pack  of  infernal  bloodhounds,  who  are  spending 
the  people's  life  blood,  and  labor  in  midnight  satur- 
nalian  feasts,  and  orgies,  and  ithyphatic  scenes ;  who 
do  not  care  for  the  people's  money.  Tl»ey  can  say  as 
the  shoemaker  did:  He  said,  "  I  steal  my  boots  ready 
made."  He  can  say,  My  money  costs  me  nothing.  I 
steal  it  ready  coined  from  the  people.  They  can  work 
for  more.  So  you  see  we  have  had  an  ancient  barba- 
rian government,  and  the  vile  reptiles  and  infamous 
ophidians,  instead  of  finding  fault,  we  believe  they  are 
glad  of  such  diabolical  work,  as  it  keeps  their  vile  par- 
ty in  power.  The  railroads  refuse  to  pay  their  just 
taxes,  and  the  infernal  black  scamps  uphold  them  in 
bribing  members  of  the  leoislature.  Other  of^cers 
have  been  br  bed,  and  the  infernal  black  Republicans, 
vindicate  their  course,  and  the  diabolical  scamps  find 
fault  with  the  democrats  for  endeavoring  to  collect  the 
taxes,  and  all  monopolists  are  supported  and  counte- 
nanced by  the  black  scamps.  Laiiguage  is  not  capa- 
ble to  give  the  demons  justice.  Beelzebub  cannot  out- 
do them.  It  is  said  that  there  arc  two  millions  of 
tramps  in  the  country,  and  how  can  it  be  otherwise, 
when  a  few  men  own  most  of  the  property.?  But  how 
can  it  be  possible  that  a  majority  of  the  people  of  this 


INIQUITY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICANISM.  66 1 

country  can  be  coerced  and  bribed  to  give  their  coun- 
try away?  Is  it  possible  that  the  people  can  be  so  vile 
and  destitute  of  moral  principle,  as  to  disregard  their 
interest,  and  the  interest  of  their  wives  and  children, 
and  the  interest  of  posterity  ?  They  have  no  souls,  no 
feeling,  no  morals,  no  shame.  How  can  it  be  that  this 
people  is  so  degraded  ?  We  are  sorry,  yes,  grieved,  for 
the  woeful  and  distressed  condition  of  this  once  free 
people.  Black  Republicans,  how  can  you  take  any 
comfort,  any  pleasure,  and  any  happiness  after  doing 
such  infernal,  nefarious,  and  flagitious  crimes  ?  And  we 
have  talked  with  scores  of  the  Belials,  and  not  one 
found  any  fault  with  the  diabolical  acts  of  their  leaders. 
The  Democrats  found  fault,  but  it  did  not  do  any  good. 
The  Apollyons  were  bound  to  ruin  the  country.  Rea- 
son, sense,  shame,  honor,  justice,  all  were  cast  to  Er- 
ebus, and  the  black  Republican  scamps  gave  their 
country  away  to  gratify  their  spite  against  the  Demo- 
crats, and  they  enslaved  and  impoverished  themselves 
to  gratify  their  party  spirit. 


CHAPTER  XLIII. 

INIQUITY  OF  BLACK  REPUBLICANISM. 

A  man  said  that  some  Democrat  had  said  that  the 
Republicans  were  thieves  and  robbers.  The  Democrat 
said,  if  he  had  said  so  it  was  true,  and  he  can  prove  it. 
And  it  can  easily  be  proved  by  taking  them  for  wit- 
nesses. They  acknowledge  that  the  black  Republi- 
cans steal,  but  they  say  both  parties  will  steal ;  and  if 
we  made  a  change,  we  can  prove  it  in  this  manner.  If 
a  man  steals,  and  another  assists  him,  the  helper  is  as 
responsible  as  the  original ;  that  is,  the  helper  is  a 
thief,  so  considered  in  law ;  so  that  by  their  own  con- 
fession that  the  Republicans  do  steal,  and  they  will 
make  no  change,  because  all  will  steal,  which  is  a  lie. 
We  will  prove,  first,  that  all  who  assist  a  thief  in  office 
when  he  knows  he  will  steal,  and  had  been  stealing,  is 


662  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

a  thief ;  second,  that  he  is  a  fool  who  has  a  servant 
who  steals  from  him  continually,  and  he  knows,  and 
he  does  not  discharge  him,  and  gives  as  an  excuse  that 
if  he  employs  another,  he  will  steal  also  ;  and  third,  if 
he  says  that  if  he  employs  another,  that  he  will  steal 
likewise,  he  lies,  because  he  does  not  know  that  an  un- 
known individual  will  steal  ;  that  he  does  not  know 
who  the  next  man  will  be  whom  he  would  employ. 
But  no  person  can  fail  to  see  in  this  mattter  and  say 
that  he  is  a  fool  and  a  liar,  as  he  would  employ  some 
other  person  in  the  place  of  the  thief.  Now,  from 
this,  any  person  can  see  the  blind  party  spirit,  the  in- 
fernal degradation,  the  total  depravity,  the  extreme  in- 
iquity, the  tartarean  mendacity,  the  entire  demoraliza- 
tion, the  total  unconsciousness  of  the  flagitious,  and 
atrocious,  codfish,  black  Republican  aristocracy.  If 
the  reader  will  examine  the  excuse  the  reptile  makes, 
that  he  will  not  make  a  change  in  politics,  because  if 
he  employed  another  man  he  would  steal  the  same  as 
the  one  he  had,  whom  he  acknowledged  was  a  thief 
— we  say,  if  you  weigh  that  excuse  carefully,  you  must 
come  to  the  conclusion  that,  coming  as  it  does  from 
their  leaders,  it  is  more  than  sufficient  to  sink  the  in- 
fernal, codfish,  aristocratic,  black  Republican  scamps 
to  eternal  oblivion,  never  to  show  their  presence  in  the 
country  again.  That  a  man  can  have  a  voice  in  the 
government  of  a  country  with  his  fellow  man,  and 
be  so  entirely  sunk  in  total  depravity,  and  be 
so  destitute  of  honor  and  ethics  as  to  be  entirely 
blinded  by  the  spirit  of  party,  as  to  not  have  any  care 
for  his  own  interest,  and  so  regardless  to  the  interest 
of  his  fellowman  that  he  will  make  such  an  excuse, 
we  cannot  tell  why.  But  we  must  say  that  he  is  a 
fool  of  fools,  an  abomination  of  abominations.  And 
we  must  say  that  they,  knowing  that  the  party  steals, 
lies,  robs,  and  plunders  the  people,  and  still  supports 
it,  is  proof  sufficient.  Then  we  have  proved  that  the 
black  Republicans  are  a  band  of  liars,  thieves,  swindlers, 
and  robbers.  Out  of  their  own  mouths  we  condemn 
them.     They  admit  that  the  black  imps  steal,  but  say 


INIQUITY    OF    BLACK    RP:PUBLICANISM.  663 

they,  the  Democrats,  will  do  the  same  if  we  make  a 
change.  We  have  heard  that  lie  many  times,  and  also 
that  there  is  no  honest  man.  If  that  is  so,  then  it  is 
necessary  that  we  should  use  our  own  judgment.  At 
any  rate,  we  say  again  and  again  :  Use3^ourown  mind 
and  judgment  It  was  a  calamity  to  the  country  that 
the  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  were  put  in 
office.  The  scamps  have  about  ruined  the  country. 
When  the  people  put  John  O.  Adams  in  office  (but  we 
are  too  fast ;  he  was  not  put  in  by  the  people ;  Henry 
Clay  put  him  in,  and  he  got  the  office  of  Secretary  of 
State  by  so  doing),  it  was  fraud,  done  by  bargain  and 
sale.  So  the  same  was  done  in  1876;  S.  J.  Tilden  was 
elected  fairly,  and  was  cheated  out  of  his  rights,  and  a 
miscreant  took  his  place. 

The  black  Republicans  cannot  establish  a  good  gov- 
ernment. Read  the  first  part  of  this  book,  and  then 
judge  what  kind  of  government  they  administered. 
The  best  you  can  say  of  it  is,  that  it  was  barbarous, 
and  they  were  opposed  to  any  progress  in  the  form  of 
government.  It  has  nearly  always  been  an  infamous 
and  degraded  aristocracy,  and  the  black  cobras  are 
still  for  the  same.  But  they  deny  the  truth  ;  that  is 
natural,  a  thief  will  deny  that  he  has  stolen.  We  can- 
not get  wine  from  a  sulphur  spring.  What  is  in  a 
brute  will  be  shown  by  him  ;  a  fox  will  catch  chickens, 
a  coyote  will  take  the  lambs  of  the  farmer,  the  grizzly 
bear  will  take  your  hogs  and  pigs  and  calves,  and  the 
aristocrat  will  first  steal  the  rights  of  the  people — that 
is,  the  right  of  suffiage  in  government  — and  then  he 
will  steal  their  money,  and  rob  them  of  their  best 
property.  They  always  have  lived  by  stealing  and 
robbing,  and  always  will,  as  long  as  the  people  will  let 
them.  But,  says  their  parasite,  we  are  not  aristocrats. 
We  have  shown  that  the  black  Republican,  lying, 
thieving,  robbing  infernals  have  stolen  more  from  the 
people  of  this  country  than  ever  any  aristocracy  in 
any  country  ever  have  stolen  from  a  people.  Twice 
the  infernals  have  committed  the  greatest  crime  that 
ever  was  done — stole    the  Presidency.     That  proves 


664  THE  workingman's  guide. 

that  there  is  nothing  too  vile  and  criminal  for  them  to 
do.  It  matters  not  how  inhuman  it  is,  if  there  is  only- 
money  in  it.  He  would  sell  his  soul  for  money,  and 
he  apotheosizes  his  master.  We  cannot  do  justice  to 
the  black  scamps;  no  language  is  capable  of  doing 
them  justice.  They  should  deleted,  they  have  so  much 
brass  that  no  crime  casts  them  down.  Of  all  beasts 
the  black  Republicans  are  the  most  destructive  to  the 
human  family.  We  wish  you  to  imprint  that  on  your 
mind  indelibly,  that  of  all  beasts,  black  Republican 
aristocracy  is  the  most  destructive  to  the  human  fam- 
ily. And  why  will  the  workingman  suffer  him  to  rob, 
steal  and  plunder  him  ?  We  say  that  this  country  is 
the  worst  tax-ridden  of  any  country,  but  that  is  but  a 
dot,  a  point,  to  what  the  aristocrats  steal  yearly.  Read 
the  bill  against  the  black  Republican  aristocracy,  and 
you  cannot  be  otherwise  than  satisfied.  Now  read  all 
of  the  first  two  hundred  pages  of  this  book,  and  notice 
carefully  the  robbing,  stealing,  lying,  cheating,  assassi- 
nating, murdering,  slaughtering,  not  only  men  and  in- 
nocent women,  but  also  harmless  and  lovely  and  deli- 
cate, pure  and  faultless  little  children.  Consider  how 
the  workingman  has  labored  from  Aurora's  dawn  until 
evening  twilight,  and  all  for  the  small  pittance  of  pal- 
try food  and  shabby  clothes,  and  eke  out  the  misera- 
ble existence  of  slavery,  serfdom  and  want,  and  pover- 
ty and  pauperism,  grief  and  woe,  and  imagine  what 
untold  wealth  and  treasures  it  has  cost  the  working- 
man  to  maintain  the  infernal  aristocrat  in  silver  and 
gold  plate,  and  images,  and  plaited  apparrel,  and  the 
worker  may  see  them,  and  that  is  all.  He  cannot  pos- 
sess his  own,  not  even  touch  it.  Consider  the  cost  of 
their  sumptuous  living,  and  you  pay  for  it :  and  the 
poor  food  and  ragged  clothes  of  yourself  and  wife  and 
children — and  they  often  crying  for  bread — think  that 
the  pain  of  hunger  is  more  excruciating  in  these  grow- 
ing, innocent  children.  And  why  will  you  hunger  and 
starve,  when  plenty  of  your  own  earning  is  in  the 
mansions  of  the  aristocrat,  which  he  has  stolen  from 
you.     And    think  of  the  costs  of  parties,  as  high  as 


INIQUITY    OF    BLACK    REPUBIJCANISM.  665 

thirty  to  forty  thousand  dollars,  all  your  own  money. 
They  do  not  earn  any,  and  if  you  are  not  satisfied, 
then  we  have  to  say  you  are  "^Jiat,  and  do  not  care  for 
yourself,  nor  family  and  children.  The  man  of  soul 
detests  the  thief  who  stole  his  wages.  The  man  of 
honor  hates  and  abhors  and  abominates  the  scamp 
who  steals  his  rights  and  property.  The  four  millions 
are  fools. 

Workingman,  in  your  travels,  if  you  see  a  fine  man- 
sion belonging  to  an  aristocratic,  black  Republican,  in- 
fernal drone,  you  may  think  to  yourself:  There  is 
some  of  my  money,  and  very  likely  you  are  right.  It 
is  strange  that  a  drone  should  have  nearly  all  of  the 
money  and  property.  Workingman,  that  can  not  suit 
you,  after  you  have  earned  the  money.  The  drone 
stole  it  from  you.  Now,  we  will  tell  you  in  plain  terms 
how  to  prevent  him  from  stealing  your  property,  and 
before  we  get  through  we  will  tell  you.  But  we  have 
told  you  much  already.  You  must  hate,  and  despise, 
and  detest,  and  abhor  the  thieves  who  stole  the  prop- 
erty of  the  people.  You  must  not  believe  a  word  the 
thief  says.  You  must  not  listen  to  his  lying  speech. 
You  must  not  vote  for  a  single  man  of  them.  Have 
they  not  always  stolen  the  people's  money  and  rights } 
And  now  it  is  the  height  of  folly  and  indifference  to 
have  anything  to  do  with  them.  Do  not  engage  them 
to  till  your  ground.  I  say  he  never  did  till  any  ground. 
His  occupation  always  has  been  to  steal,  rob  and  plun- 
der. Every  one  knows  that.  But  you  must  know  the 
engines  of  British  slavery,  by  which  he  abstracts  the 
the  money  from  your  pocket.  They  are  (i)  war,  (2) 
national  debt,  (3)  standing  army,  (4)  land  monopoly,  (5) 
high  protective  tariff,  (6)  banking,  British  system,  (7) 
railroads,  watered  stock,  (8)  telegraph  monopoly,  water- 
ed stock,  (9)  navigation  monopolies,  (10)  private  monop- 
olies. Now,  workingman,  these  are  the  last  great  cards 
to  cheat  the  people,  and  if  you  learn  to  check  them 
then  you  will  have  them  ;  and  they  will  have  to  go  to 
work  or  starve,  as  the  drones  have  to  leave.  You  must 
give  them  their  traveling  papers.     Do  you  begin   to 


666  THE  workingman's  guide. 

think  that  you  have  been  a  fool  too  long,  and  that  it  is 
time  to  put  a  stop  to  this  lying,  stealing,  robbing,  and 
plundering  of  your  wages?  It  is  surprising,  astonish- 
ing, confounding  and  past  the  comprehension,  and  be- 
lief, and  conception  of  the  honest  part  of  the  commun- 
ity, how  it  can  be  that  the  people  will  tolerate  such 
immense  stealings.  The  four  million  thieves  are  wed- 
ded and  sworn  to  adhere  to  the  black  Belials.  They 
are  as  perfect  serfs  as  ever  were  on  this  telluric  sphere. 
They  love  their  masters,  more  so  than  the  slaves  of  the 
South  ever  did  ;  and  they  get  but  little  pay.  Millions 
get  not  one  cent,  yet  they  stay  by  the  rack,  fodder  or 
no  fodder.  They  love  the  black,  tartarean.  infernal, 
Stygian,  diabolican  thieves,  better  than  they  ever  did 
their  fathers.  They  would  not  let  their  fathers  rob 
and  steal  from  them  as  they  let  the  codfish,  infernal, 
and  degraded  black  imps  do.  You  can  not  expect  a 
foul  spring  to  yield  pure  water.  So  it  is,  every  brute 
acts  its  nature.  So  the  black,  infernal  thieves  always 
stole ;  and  we  can  not  expect  that  they  will  quit  now, 
when  the  harvest  is  much  richer  and  greater.  So  he 
continues  ro  work  at  his  old  trade;  and  their  president 
eulogized  the  monarchist  and  aristocrat,  A.  Hamilton; 
and  he  also  said  that  this  government  was  tending  to- 
wards centralization,  and  he  was  glad  of  it.  He  likely 
was  made  president,  because  he  said  those  loyal  senti- 
ments of  the  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy;  as 
he  could  not  have  said  anything  that  would  have  so 
much  weight  with  the  infernals.  So  after  that  he  was 
elected  president.  He  was  for  going  back  in  govern 
ment.  That  made  him  president.  He  was  more  than 
conservative,  he  was  retrogressive,  and  that  is  the  teach- 
ings of  the  demons.  They  have  a  new  departure,  that 
is  to  degrade  and  demoralize  the  people  ;  and  then  they 
can  fool,  rob,  cheat  and  swindle.  They  fear  the  peo- 
ple are  opening  their  mental  eyes.  That  would  take 
away  their  bonanza,  their  stealings  from  the  people. 
And  they  say  they,  the  people,  are  going  back  into 
barbarism.  And  so  they  want  it.  Nothing  but  degra- 
dation of  the  people  would  save  the  Appollyons  from 


INIQUITY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICANISM.  667 

detection  ;  and  they  would  have  a  safe  thing.  As  it  is, 
the  people  see  light.  That  will  take  away  the  occu- 
pation of  the  infernal  thieves.  Their  teachings  are 
that  zve  are  going  back  into  barbarism  They  hate  de- 
mocracy, because  they  are  opposed  to  all  their  robbing 
schemes.  They  are  for  corruption  in  politics  ;  always 
have  been, 

"Judges  and  senates  have  been  bought  for  gold  ; 
Honor  and  virtue  were  not  to  be  sold." 

A  black  Republican  cannot  believe  that  a  Demo- 
crat is  honest  in  politics  ;  because  he  is  dishonest,  he 
thinks  all  are  so.  The  scamps  say  there  is  no  man 
that  is  honest  (see  traditional  teachings  of  vice  indi- 
rectly). His  idea  of  government  is  to  govern  by  fraud, 
buy  votes,  rob,  steal,  and  plunder.  The  black  imps 
think  every  person  votes  for  party.  We  have  never 
heard  a  black  scamp  say  that  such  or  such  a  measure 
would  be  right  ;  it  appears  that  he  has  no  conception 
of  the  word  right.  We  often  have  said  that  it  is  not 
right  that  the  railroads  water  stock,  and  charge  exorbi- 
tant freights  and  fares  on  that  watered  stock,  or  that 
it  is  not  right  that  the  manufactories  should  make 
47  per  cent.  The  answer  is,  that  every  one  of  you 
would  do  the  same.  We  can  not  come  to  any  other 
conclusion  than  this  from  their  own  teachings  and  say- 
ings. Politically,  they  are  a  dishonest,  immoral,  and 
infernal  class  of  individuals.  But  if  a  man  is  a  fraud, 
and  dishonest,  a  knave  and  cheat  in  government,  he 
is  the  same  in  business  ;  if  he  cheats  in  politics,  he  will 
cheat  in  everything.  Democracy  is  the  highest  gov- 
ernment on  earth,  and  all  know  it  is  so  ;  and  the  men 
who  establish  such  government  are  the  highest,  most 
elevated  individuals,  and  those  who  oppose  it  are  bar- 
barians, and  behind  the  age  in  progress.  No  barbari- 
an can  establish  a  democracy  ;  they  cannot  do  so  ;  they 
must  be  honest,  as  democracy  is  honesty  in  politics. 
But,  says  the  black  scamp,  there  is  no  honest  man. 
That  is  admitting  he  is  dishonest  (so  my  epithets  are 
right).  The  people  have  to  be  enlightened  before  they 
can    establish    a   democracy.      The    Democrats  who 


668  THE  workingman's  guide. 

started  this  government  were  a  superior  people ;  such 
a  sentiment  as  this,  "  Equal  and   exact  justice  to  all 
men,"  could  not  possibly  originate  politically  from  the 
members  of  the  Federal  party,  and  no  man  of  the  black 
Republican  party  has  such  a  sentiment  in  his  heart — 
it   is  at    entire  variance  with  his  moral  organization. 
His  private  sentiments  are  that  the  man  who  believes 
that  is  a  dunce.     So,  you  see  a  black  Republican  can- 
not start  a  democracy  ;  he  hates  it.     There  is  no  scope 
in  it  for  his  lying  and  thieving  propensities.     All  he 
thinks  government  was  made  and  established  for  is 
that  a  few  might  be  enabled  to  cheat,  rob,  steal,  and 
plunder  the  people,  and  that  is  all  he  does  in  govern- 
ment.    We  say,  if  you  examine  and  weigh  their  acts 
carefully,  plunder,  pillage,  robbery,  and  cheating  are  at 
the  bottom  of  it,  and  that  is  all  there  is  of  black  Re- 
publicans— lie,  cheat,  steal,  and  rob.     John  Adams  of 
old  said,  if  the  aristocrats  could  not  carry  the  elections 
any  other  way,  they  would  pretend  to  be  Democrats, 
and  they  would  do  it  with  a  better  grace  than  the  real 
Democrats.     We  caution  the  laboring  man  not  to  fall 
into  the  man  traps  the  infernal,  aristocracy  gull-catch- 
ers have  set  for  them.     A  man  should  not  be  caught  in 
a  trap  as  easily  as  a  brute,  but  it  appears  he  is,  and 
the  black  Republican  scamp  is  an  expert  at  catching 
men.     And  he  should  be,  as  he  has  from  time  imme- 
morial studied  and  been   in  the   business,  and  he  is 
practicing  continually  ;  in  fact,  that  is  all  he  does ;  it  is 
his  occupation  ;  it  is  his  life  and  trade  to  deceive,  rob, 
and  cheat  his  fellowman,  and  so  it  always  has  been  his 
food  and  clothing,  and  is  still.     The  easiest  trapping 
the  knaves  had  was  in  catching  the  four  millions  ver- 
min they  bagged  and  enslaved,  and  swore  to  serve  their 
masters  loyally  without  compensation.     They  do  not 
pay  but  few  of  them,  and  they  who  arc  paid  see  that 
the  numskulls  keep  in  the  traces;  if  they  do  not,  they 
are  reported. 

When  the  wicked  rule  the  people  mourn,  and  are 
robbed  and  distressed.  So  it  has  iDcen  with  the  coun- 
try for  twenty-four  years;  and    they,  the  rulers,  also 


INIQUITY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICANISM.  669 

were  fools  ;  all  they  know  is  to  rob,  steal,  and  lie,  and 
plunder  the  people,  and  corrupt  the  people  by  bribery, 
corruption,  and  false  swearing.  They  do  that,  so  they 
can  cheat,  and  swindle  them  ;  they  know  if  the  people 
are  honest  and  intelligent,  their  lying,  stealing,  and 
robbing  games  will  be  found  out  and  exposed.  We 
must  say  that  we  are  satisfied  that  there  is  no  profit 
in  lying,  stealing,  and  cheating  the  people;  every  per- 
son should  know  that  it  may  win  for  a  short  time,  but 
is  soon  found  out.  And  what  a  great  sacrifice  a  man 
makes;  gives  his  honor  for  vice;  gives  his  virtue  for 
villainy — that  is  a  poor  exchange;  but  such  the  infer- 
nals  are  doing  incessantly,  and  there  is  no  bliss  nor 
happiness  in  such  practice.  And  the  practice  of  vir- 
tue has  upheld  families  for  centuries,  while  those  who 
practiced  vice  were  soon  extinct.  But  the  black  Re- 
publicans do  not  care  for  that ;  they  will  sooner  rule 
in  Erebus  and  ruin,  than  be  good  and  honest  citi- 
zens. But  if  they  are  suffered  to  rule  the  country 
long,  we  tell  you  positively  that  it  will  go  to  Tartarus ; 
that  is  the  cause  of  the  ruin  and  extermination  of  lost 
civilizations  (we  are  too  fast ;  they  were  strictly  not  civi- 
lizations, because  they  were  ruled  by  aristocracy).  That 
was  the  cause  of  their  destruction.  So  we  tell  the 
workingman  to  take  the  helm  of  government ;  if  you 
do  not,  the  country  will  retrograde  and  go  to  ruin.  A 
government  that  is  ruled  by  aristocrats  cannot  stand. 
That  was  the  cause  of  the  lost  civilizations.  Aristoc- 
racy ruled,  and  we  have  no  doubt  many  know  that  is 
the  cause,  and  they  have  not  the  moral  courage  to  pro- 
mulgate the  fact;  they  fear  the  infernals — the  vile 
vermin.  A  government  to  stand  must  be  founded  on 
fair,  and  honest,  and  moral,  and  virtuous  principles,  if 
it  is  not  it  will  go  the  way  of  the  saurians.  Is  aristoc- 
racy founded  on  honest  principles  .»*  No.  We  know 
it  is  founded  on  fraud.  See  the  European  govern- 
ments ;  they  stand  on  fraud  and  injustice,  on  force  and 
corruption  ;  and  what  are  the  daily  fruits  ?  Misery  and 
poverty,  starvation,  pauperism,  and  vice.  And  this 
country  has  been  brought  to  the  brink  of  ruin  by  the 


670  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

infernal  black  Republican  scamps.  We  tell  you  again 
that  an  aristocratic  government  cannot  stand.  No 
earthly  rule  can  stand,  but  that  which  is  controlled  by 
the  workingman  ;  that  is  the  only  government  that 
stands  on  a  moral  base ;  the  only  government  which 
we  can  say  has  for  its  base  "equal  and  exact  justice 
to  all  men,"  and  such  government  will  stand  and 
flourish  when  aristocracy  is  gone  and  forgotten.  This 
is  not  a  new  saying,  that  an  immoral  and  vicious  gov- 
ernment cannot  stand,  but  it  is  true.  Strange  it  looks 
to  us,  that  those  who  make  a  country  do  not  rule  it, 
but  suffer  a  band  of  liars,  robbers,  and  thieves  to  rule  the 
country,  and  make  laws  that  rob  them  of  their  labor, 
and  leave  a  mite  for  them  to  keep  body  and  soul  to- 
gether, and  stranger  still  that  the  laborers  should  deify 
the  thievish  drones.  It  is  strange  that  the  people 
should  tolerate  such  deleterious  and  destructive  ver- 
min to  rule  their  country.  But,  says  the  smart  dunce, 
the  aristocracv  has  ruled  and  always  will  rule.  That 
is  like  all  the  reasoning  of  aristocracy.  So  the  feuda- 
lists might  say  feudalism  always  has  ruled,  and  always 
will.  So  they,  the  saurians,  ruled  for  a  long  time,  but 
rule  no  more ;  they  are  gone  where  the  black  Republi- 
cans will  go— to  Erebus.  Nature  is  a  continuous  evo- 
lution. Thousands  of  species  of  animals  have  disap- 
peared, and  more  perfect  ones  taken  their  places.  The 
perfect  animal  is  the  one  that  agrees  perfectly  with 
the  surroundings,  and  if  new  conditions  arise  that  an- 
imal is  imperfect,  and  must  evolve,  and  become  habit- 
uated to  the  new  conditions,  or  become  extinct.  So 
if  a  person  from  a  warm  climate  emigrates  into  a  cold 
country,  he  must  be  acclimated  ;  often  such  change  is 
too  great,  and  death  follows  sooner  or  latter ;  so  with 
black  Republicans.  The  people  have  grown  to  per- 
ceive the  elevated  principle  ;  that  is,  in  the  more  per- 
fect forrrt  of  government,  equal  and  exact  justice  to 
all.  And  the  people  are  going  to  adopt  it,  but  the 
infernal  black  Republicans  have  not  evolved  to  that 
point.  They  can  see  nothing  in  government  but  spoil 
and  rapine,  plunder  and   robbery,  treachery  and  lying. 


iniquity'^of  black  republicanism.  671 

as  they  always  have.  And  they  have  not  the  moral 
power  to  see  the  beauty  of  the  new  system,  because 
their  nature  is  more  than  ten  thousand  years  behind  the 
democracy  in  honor  and  integrity,  truth  and  veracity, 
justice,  equity,  and  probity,  so  they  will  soon  have  to  be- 
come extinct.  We  intend,  politically.  Spencer  says, 
and  we  shall  know  much  from  his  writings  :  "  If  injustice 
sways  men's  acts  in  public,  it  will  inevitably  sway  their 
private  ones  also."  And  he  also  says,  "  The  desire  to 
command  is  essentially  a  barbarous  desire."  The  black 
Republican  four  million  thieves  and  fools  will  dissent 
from  these  sentiments  ;  but  it  makes  no  difference,  he 
is  a  barbarian,  and  he  knows  nothing  of  politics,  and 
never  will ;  all  he  can  do  is  to  say  what  his  master 
says,  word  after  word.  And  he  will  not  learn — he  is 
in  abject  slavery. 

A  man  has  no  right  to  make  his  father,  brother, 
relative  or  stranger,  as  the  fool  does,  to  pay  the  black 
manufacturers  47  per  cent,  in  i860,  46  per  cent,  in 
1870,  and  37  per  cent,  in  1880,  and  592  per  cent,  in 
1859,  profit  on  his  capital,  and  he  makes  others  do 
the  same ;  and  yet  he  dislikes  it  when  he  is  told  that 
the  black  Republicans  are  thieves  and  robbers.  For 
reason  and  justice,  what  else  can  you  make  of  it  ?  We 
asked  a  black  Republican  if  that  was  an  honest  man 
who  upheld  such  injustice.  He  said  he  was  not. 
Lately  we  had  a  confabulation  with  one  of  the  four 
million  strong  who  will  not  see  the  light,  but  chose 
darkness  rather  than  light.  He  could  not  see  that, 
politically,  a  Democrat  was  more  honest  than  a  black 
Republican,  codfish  aristocrat.  We  told  him  that  we 
would  prove  it  in  our  book.  It  is  not  a  recondite 
problem  to  prove  ;  not  at  all  difficult,  as  all  will  see. 
He  who  maintains  virtue  is  a  more  virtuous  man  than 
one  who  continuously  hates  it,  and  constantly  opposes 
it.  All  admit  that  Democracy  is  the  elevated  system 
of  government,  so  then  he  who  vindicates  Democracy 
is  the  more  upright  man,  politically.  But  a  man  who 
is  dishonest  in  politics  will  be  so  in  business.  He 
who  says  there  is  no  honest  man,  as  the   blacks  say 


672  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

directly  adnjits  that  he  is  a  dishonest  man.  But  yet, 
he  dislikes  to  have  it  said  that  the  Democracy  is  more 
upright  than  the  self-condemned,  black  scamp.  VVe, 
the  Democracy,  hurl  the  ignominious  epithet  black, 
to  their  impudent,  brassy  visages,  and  say  the  Democ- 
racy is  honor  and  all  integrity,  and  when  it  dies  out 
of  the  human  breast,  morality  and  all  the  higher  sen- 
timents will  leave  the  vicious  corporeality,  and  become 
extinct.  Virtue  is  the  sacred  and  highest  characteris- 
tic of  man  ;  eliminate  that  and  he  is  no  man,  nothing 
but  a  brute  ;  and  he  would  be  lower  than  a  brute. 
Virtue  and  Democracy  exist  together.  They  are  con- 
comitant, they  are  twins,  and  if  either  dies  the  other 
cannot  live.  That  is  what  the  infamous  internals 
want;  that  the  world  will  go  back  into  barbarism. 
Then  they  suppose  they  can  rule  supreme,  and  have 
the  people  for  slaves.  They  would  rather  the  country 
would  sink  to  Erebus,  than  to  be  continually  ruled  by 
Democracy.  They  will  tell  you  that  the  country  is 
ofoinor  back,  back  into  barbarism.  But  the  diabolical 
brutes  who  lead  know  better.  They  see  that  the 
time  is  coming,  that  they  will  go  with  the  saurians. 

We  will  give  a  story  that  will  exhibit  the  imagina- 
tion and  falsity  of  the  aristocrats  of  old,  and  the  reader 
will  see  that  the  authors  must  have  been  in  a  dreary 
and  unknown  desert  when  they  first  wrote  it;  and  it 
appears  to  be  characteristic  of  the  times.  Plenty  of 
it  can  be  found  in  the  history  of  the  constellations  of 
the  heavens,  and  similar  stories  in  the  Bible.  It  ap- 
pears that  it  was  confined  to  a  certain  age,  and  aris- 
tocracy was  somewhat  obscured  in  intellect,  as  vision- 
ary sketches  were  occasionally  written  about  that  age. 
It  is  important  to  show  the  reason  and  sense  of  the 
times,  such  as  it  is.  Jupiter,  under  the  form  of  a  bull, 
carried  off  Europa,  the  daughter  of  Agenor,  king  of 
Phoenicia;  her  father  ordered  his  son,  Cadmus,  to  go 
in  search  of  his  sister,  and  not  to  return  without  her. 
Cadmus  souijht  lonsj  and  far  for  her,  in  vain  ;  and  not 
darino:  to  go  back  without  he.r,  he  consulted  the  oracle 
of  A])ollo  to  know  where  he  should  dwell.    The  oracle 


INIQUITY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICANISM.  673 

bade  him  follow  a  cow  in  the  field,  and  where  she 
stopped  build  a  city,  and  call  the  country  Boeotia. 
The  cow  led  him  to  the  plain  of  Ponope,  where  he  ul- 
timately built  Thebes.  Wishing  to  offer  a  sacrifice  to 
Jupiter,  he  sent  his  Syrian  followers  for  water  to  a 
fountain  issuing  out  of  a  cave.  Here  a  horrid  serpent 
lurked  (sacred  to  Mars),  which  slew  all  the  men  by  its 
breath,  its  fangs,  or  its  folds.  Cadmus  attacked  and 
destroyed  the  monster.  Pallas,  descending,  then  or- 
dered him  to  sow  the  dragon's  teeth  in  the  earth.  He 
obeyed.  The  dragon's  teeth  produced  a  crop  of  armed 
men,  who  instantly  fought  with  one  another  till  all 
were  killed  except  five,  who  joined  Cadmus,  and  as- 
sisted him  to  build  the  city.  Such  was  the  fabled  ori- 
gin of  Thebes  and  its  people.  (See  Ovid,  Book  3.) 
Cadmus  brought  letters  to  Greece  from  Phoenicia. 
Another  legend  averred  that  Amiphon  built  Thebes, 
the  walls  rising  to  the  music  of  his  lyre.  In  describ- 
ing the  music  of  Orpheus,  the  historian  remarks  that 
when  he  played  on  his  lyre  "  the  most  rapid  rivers 
ceased  to  flow,  the  wild  beasts  forgot  their  wildness, 
and  the  mountains  came  forth  to  listen  to  his  sons:." 
It  appears  that  they  had  but  little  respect  for  truth 
and  veracity.  That  was  a  proper  age  for  aristocracy 
to  live  in,  and  they  lived,  and  lied,  and  moved,  and 
robbed  and  stole  everything  they  wanted ;  and  they 
are  nearly  the  same  infernal  brutes  today. 

Not  long  since  an  American  gentleman  (Mr.  Sum- 
ner), many  of  you  know  him  and  will  vouch  for  his 
veracity,  he  traveled  in  Sweden.  He  called  at  a  work- 
ingman's  house.  The  family  consisted  of  six,  (a  man 
and  wife  and  four  children).  The  man  worked  by 
the  year  for  a  man  who  was  possessed  of  a  large  estate. 
The  wages  of  this  poor  laborer.yearly,  was  thirty  dollars 
cash,  one  cow  pastured,  fire  wood,  but  the  family 
must  take  it  from  the  forest  near  by ;  and  hay  for  the 
cow,  but  the  family  must  take  it  from  the  standing  grass 
in  the  meadow,  also  near  by;  and  one-fourth  acre  of 
ground  to  be  used  to  raise  potatoes.  Who  would 
think  it  to  be  possible  ?  one-fourth  acre.     The  estate, 


674  THE  workingman's  guide. 

no  doubt,  consisted  of  many  thousand  acres.  But  ar- 
istocracy has  no  soul,  no  shame,  no  sympathy ;  a 
sharper,  a  swindler  without  feeling.  And  that  was  in 
what  is  called  an  enlightened  country.  We  cannot  call 
it  so.  The  poor  woman  often  wept  for  the  want  of 
bread,  and  the  destitute  and  starving  children,  they 
often  cried  of  the  pangs  of  hunger.  And  the  landlord 
fared  sumptuously,  and  luxuriated  on  the  labor  of  the 
starving  family.  But,  says  the  nabob's  serf  and  slave, 
that  is  a  natural  consequence.  We  say  that  is  a  lie  ; 
nature  provides  abundantly  in  everything  for  her  chil- 
dren. It  is  the  robbing  and  stealing  from  the  poor  by 
the  aristocracy  that  causes  the  want,  and  suffering,  and 
misery,  and  wretchedness,  and  poverty,  and  pauperism 
in  the  world.  Where  there  is  no  aristocracy,  the  peo- 
ple do  not  suffer;  they  have  plenty  and  are  happy; 
but  where  there  is  an  aristocracy  the  people  are  poor. 
Blot  out  the  aristocracy  ;  you  can  do  it,  workingman; 
never  vote  the  aristocratic  infernal  ticket.  Shame  on 
those  who  vote  it;  they  bring  distress  and  famine  on 
their  own  heads,  and  also  on  their  fellow  workingman  ; 
and  give  their  children  into  slavery  for  ages  to  come. 
Shame,  to  ruin  not  only  yourself  but  your  children, 
and  the  poor,  for  to  enrich  an  unfeeling  and  soulless, 
codfish,  black  Republican  aristocracy.  The  four  mil- 
lions will  not  see.  One  woman  at  a  party  wore  a  mil- 
lion dollars  worth  of  jewelry,  while  thousands  near  by 
were  suffering  for  food  and  clothing.  Those  who  rob 
the  people  have  no  souls ;  they  hate  those  whom  they 
rob.  What  think  you  of  it.^  Can  a  man  respect  one 
he  robs.'*  No;  if  a  man  respects  a  person,  he  will  not 
rob  him.  It  is  aristocracy  that  is  the  cause  of  nearly 
all  the  destitution  in  the  world.  But  how  is  this  star- 
vation brought  into  the  world  ?  If  it  is  not  natural,  it 
is  done  by  artificial  means.  We  can  easily  tell  how  it 
is  done.  (Read  the  bill  against  aristocracy.)  The 
aristocracy  make  laws  that  transfer  the  property  of 
the  workingmcn  into  the  pockets  of  the  idle  drone, 
who  revels  in  the  laborer's  productions ;  and  he,  the  la- 
borer, dies  in  misery  and  want.      First,  it  was  done  by 


INIQUITY    OF    BLACK    REPUBLICANISM.  675 

force  and  strategy,  violence  and  fraud  ;   then  the  peo- 
ple were  ignorant;  but  as  the  people  advanced  in  in- 
telligence, they   began  to    get   a    faint  idea    of  their 
rights  and  interest,  and   thev  found    fault   with   such 
robbery,    and   theft,    and    plunder,    and    the    infernal 
scamps  had  to  study  secret  means  to  plunder,  as  the 
old  system  would  not  keep  the  reptiles  in  their  usual 
magnificence.     Then    a  standing   army  was  used    to 
bring  them  to  give  their  treasures  to  the  drones.     Yes, 
the  people  will  learn  by  experience ;  it  keeps  a  dear 
school,  but  fools  will  learn  in  no  other.      The  venom- 
ous and  infamous  liars  and  thieves  then  employed  man 
to  enslave,  rob,  and  swindle  man.      Who  would  think 
that  man  would  be  such  a  brute  as  to  enslave  his  fel- 
low being.?    Birds  assist  in  catching  other  birds.     Man 
has  his  stool  pigeon  and  his  flyer,  to  assist  him  to  catclik 
other  pigeons ;  and  it  would  astonish  a  greenhorn  to 
see  a  man  net  pigeons.     And  so  the  tame  elephant  as- 
sists his  master  to  take  wild  elephants;  and  they  soon 
learn   to  catch   and    subdue  the  wild  beasts.     So  the 
aristocrats   have    their    man    fliers,    and     man     stool 
pigeons,  and  all  kinds  of  decoys,  and  traps,  and  snares 
and  deadfalls,  to  enslave,  rob,  plunder,  and  swindle  his 
fellow  man.    So,  then,  it  appears  that  there  are  men  who 
are  as   brutal  and   unfeeling  as   to  assist   the  infernal 
drones  to  lay  plans,  concoct  conspiracies,  meditate  all 
manner  of  lies,  to  deceive  the  people  of  his  own  class;, 
and  join   the  gull-catcher  to  swindle,  cheat,  rob,  and 
steal  from  his  nearest  neighbor  and  friend.     Can  it  be 
that  we  have  such  brutes  in   our  arms'  reach }     Yes, 
we  have  them  by  millions.     The  four  millions  are  al- 
ways ready  to  assist  the  robbing,  stealing,  swindling, 
aristocratic  miscreants  to  take  the  property  from  the 
honest  workingman,  and  put  in  their  mite,  and  give  it 
to  the  lying  thief;  and  their  own  families  have  no  idea 
how  they  will  get  food  for  the  next  mornings  meal. 


676  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

CHAPTER    XLIV. 

WAR    AND    ITS    COST. 

We  said  the  brutes  set  about  giving  the  country 
away.  They  hate  the  people;  all  aristocracies  hate 
the  people,  and  they  rob  them  all  they  can  bear. 
What  are  the  people  in  Europe?  The  mass  of  them 
are  poor,  and  have  no  property  at  all  ;  so  the  black 
Republicans  will  soon  have  it  here.  Read  the  bill 
against  them,  and  do  not  be  in  a  hurry;  read  it  again 
and  again.  It  is  a  great  pity  to  give  such  a  great 
country  away.  Those  who  do  it  should  be  punished. 
They  wanted  the  war  to  chastise  the  South.  They 
provoked  the  South  to  take  arms,  and  the  South  done 
a  foolish  thing,  played  into  their  hands,  and  done  just 
as  the  brutes  wanted  them  to  do.  And  there  are  three 
things  they  done  by  the  war;  first,  bring  misery  and 
distress,  and  calamity  that  is  heinous  on  the  men,  wom- 
en and  children  ;  this  they  calculated  on  from  the  start. 
Second,  they  made  billions  by  contracts,  and  high  tar- 
iffs. And  third,  they  fettered,  and  shackled,  and  bound, 
and  tied  and  eslaved  the  people.  Democracy  is  a  gov- 
ernment by  the  people,  and  for  the  people,  and  is  man- 
aged for  their  benefit.  An  aristocracy  we  will  not 
name  a  government,  it  does  not  deserve  that  cognomen. 
It  is  a  conspiracy  to  rob,  steal  and  swindle,  and  lie  to 
the  people,  and  plunder  and  get  the  money  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  give  it  away  for  nothing  to  their  friends  (who 
very  likely  are  sworn  to  hold  together),  and  in  that  man- 
ner build  up  a  power  outside  the  government  strong- 
er than  the  government.  And  such  bands  of  robbers, 
and  reptilian  brutes  are  a  few  chosen  bands  who  rule. 
But  they  have  many  to  join  their  mercenary  band,  be- 
cause they  have  money,  and  the  way  they  get  it  as  the 
shoemaker  got  his  boots,  stole  them.  And  we  know 
many  who  are  with  the  black  imps,  becc.use  they  are 
rich,  the  fools  they  are.  They,  as  well  as  we,  are  rob- 
bed, but  they  get  none  of  the  stealings.  The  same 
dunce  said  the  black  Republicans  were  rich,  atid  they 
could  buy  votes,  they  had  the  money.     Any  man  can 


WAR    AND    ITS    COST.  677 

see  that  what  we  say  is  perfectly  true.  Just  as  soon 
as  they  were  seated  in  office,  they  commenced  giv- 
ing the  government  away.  We  are  too  fast;  we  must 
not  say  government,  it  is  not  government,  no  such 
thing  at  all  about  it.  It  is  a  band  of  conspirators  unit- 
ed for  the  purpose  of  plundering  and  robbing  the  peo- 
ple, and  they  do  nothing  else.  But  says  the  fool,  black, 
tartarean,  vile,  codfish,  aristrocratic  imp,  they  build, 
school-houses,  churches,  public  buildings.  Not  unless 
there  is  an  opportunity  to  steal.  Their  whole  business 
in  public  is  to  steal.  They  have  stolen,  during  the 
twenty-four  years  they  have  been  in  office,  more  than 
forty  billions  of  dollars,  more  than  the  country  is  all 
worth. 

The  war  cost  the  Federal  government  about  five  bil- 
lions of  dollars,  but  the  characters  of  the  contractors 
were  such  that  they  connived  with  officials,  and  we  are 
satisfied  they  made  a  fat  job  of  it  for  them  both,  and 
took  forty  per  cent  of  the  contract  for  profits,  which 
they  divided.  That  was  the  first  reason  for  inaugurat- 
ing war-money ;  that  is  all  they  cared  for.  The  sec- 
ond reason  was,  to  depredate  on  the  South,  depress 
them,  and  devastate  the  country,  as  the  sequel  shows. 
One  beastly  hydra  said  he  had  destroyed  one  hundred 
millions  of  property  in  one  campaign,  and  no  doubt  he 
appropriated,  to  the  use  of  the  army  and  himself,  as 
much  more.  And  do  you  think  there  would  have  been 
war  if  there  had  been  no  money  in  it  for  the  black  Re- 
publican hydras?  That  made  them  a  unit,  and  they 
vied  with  each  other  to  get  a  fat  contract,  and  it  is  easy 
to  see  that  it  is  the  proclivity  of  the  brute.  He  is  prone 
to  make  money.  He  has  no  conscientious  scruples. 
How  so  .f*  Any  one  can  see  it  was  his  or  their  volition 
to  let  the  contracts  at  60  per  cent.,  which  would  give  40 
per  cent,  profit  on  every  ^100  contracted.  And  a  good 
and  satisfactory  proof  of  that  being  the  case  was,  that 
many  a  boor  and  parvenu  became  very  rich,  and  some 
of  them  millionaires;  and  it  was  stated  at  the  time 
that  their  rusticity  was  strikingly  manifested  at  their 
social  entertainments  which  were  many,  as  money  came 
in  copiously,  and  light  come,  light  goes.    So  they  spent 


678  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

their  ill-gotten  gains  diffusely,  and  the  parvenuity  of 
the  new  mushrooms  was  commented  upon  at  the  time. 
But  as  they  had  joined  the  infernal  thieves,  and  proba- 
bly taken  the  oath  of  fealty,  the  old  demons  had  to  brook 
their  ignorance  and  ill  manners.  We  have  not  the 
positive  proof  that  they  made  forty  per  cent.,  but  the 
circumstantial  evidence  is  as  strong  as  has  taken 
many  a  criminal  to  State's  prison,  and  the  money  was 
plainly  visible  in  their  dress,  ornaments  and  equipage. 
So  it  was  ;  yesterday  a  boor  and  poor,  and  today  rich, 
sleek,  and  decked  in  gaudy  attire.  But  the  four  mil- 
lions cannot  believe  that  there  was  any  of  the  funds 
that  were  peculations,  and  the  infernals  were  more  ele- 
vated in  the  minds  of  the  four  million  thieves  and  silly 
fools.  Every  one  living  at  the  time,  and  keeping  his 
eyes  open,  could  see  the  lackeys  and  serfs  endeavoring 
to  get  an  opportunity  to  shake  the  hand  of  an  infernal 
and  villainous  government  thief.  But  how  else  could 
the  many  make  so  much  profit,  except  by  large  and  fat 
contracts  ?  No  sensible  man  will  say  that  the  stealings 
were  less  than  forty  per  cent. 

We  make  the  bill  the  amount  as  seen  below,  against 
the  black  thieves,  as  follows.  The  money  was  stolen 
more  than  twenty  years  ago,  and  we  shall  have  to  charge 
interest  for  that  time,  compounded  at  six  per  cent. 

Black  Republican  Scamps, 

To  the  People  of  the  Uiiited  States,  Dr. 
To  taking  forty  per  cent,  of  five  billions 

of  contracts  by  stealth $2,000,000,000 

To  interest  on  the  same  twenty   years, 

compounded  at  six  per  cent. .......    4,414,000,000 

To  selling  three  millions  bonds   at  half 

price ...    1,500,000,000 

To  interest  on  the  same  at  six  per  cent. 

for  twenty  years,  compounded 3,310,000,000 

To  stealing  from  the  South  and  selling 

to  the   United   States 500,000.000 

To   interest    on    the    same  for    twenty 

years,  six  per  cent,  compounded 1,103,000,000 

Total $\  2,82  7,000,000 


WAR    AND    ITS    COST.  679 

The  infernal  scamps  began  to  build  up  an  outside 
aristocratic  power  stronger  than  the  government,  by 
stealing  and  robbing,  and  giving  it  away  to,  no  doubt, 
sworn  fiends  like  themselves ;  and  they  hate  the  peo- 
ple and  government,  or  they  would  not  give  away  so 
much  for  nothing.  But  there  is  an  object  they  have 
for  so  doing;  it  is  to  rob,  and  steal,  and  swindle  from 
the  people,  so  as  to  make  them  poor  as  a  church 
mouse,  and  then  they  can  easily  enslave  them.  First 
steal  their  property,  and  then  make  slaves  of  them. 
Any  person  well  read  will  not  be  surprised  at  this 
enormous  stealing,  as  it  is  nothing  new.  The  aristoc- 
racy have  always  stolen  and  robbed  from  the  people. 
In  ancient  times  that  was  their  only  occupation  for 
money  making.  All  they  did  was  to  make  war,  lie, 
rob,  steal,  cheat,  swindle  the  people,  and  hold  par- 
ties, and  spend  money  lavishingly,  and  in  morals  they 
are  the  same  as  the  barbarians  of  old.  As  the  black 
Republican  said,  they  always  have  stolen,  and  they 
have  not  quit  it  yet.  What  a  fool  and  dunce  a  man 
is  to  vote  that  ticket  and  support  such  thieves  !  But  he 
who  assists  a  thief  is  considered  a  thief  by  the  law. 
The  Stygian  black  Republican  will  object  to  our  bill ; 
first  he  will  say  they  did  not  steal,  and  next,  that  it  is 
unlawful  to  charge  interest,  as  it  is  outlawed.  That  is 
natural  for  a  barbarian  black  imp,  to  plead  the  nigger 
act.  A  debt  never  outlaws  with  honest  men,  and  as 
to  interest,  that  is  right.  The  government  has  paid 
interest  on  that  money  which  they  stole  all  the  time, 
and  they  should  do  the  same.  It  was  borrowed  money 
which  the  government  paid  for  those  fraudulent  con- 
tracts, and  the  money  is  not  yet  paid  by  the  United 
States. 

We  will  give  our  readers  an  important  incident, 
which  proves  to  what  magnitude  the  Roman  generals 
had  carried  the  system  of  rapine  and  plunder  of  the 
subdued  provinces.  The  Romans  and  Macedonians 
were  at  war  with  each  other,  and  the  aristocrats  want- 
ed money,  and  they  had  no  scruples  how  they  were  to 
get  it.     They  sent  an  order  to  the  General,  Emilius 


68o  THE  workingman's  guide. 

Paulus ;  what  it  was  the  sequel  will  disclose.  The 
General  met  Anicius  in  Epirus.  Here  he  announced 
the  will  of  the  senate,  that  all  Epirotes  should  there- 
after be  free  and  independent,  and  that  all  their  gold 
and  silver  should  by  a  given  day  be  deposited  in  the 
treasury  of  seventy  towns,  specified  by  name.  On  that 
day  seventy  detachments  of  the  Roman  army  entered 
each  of  the  seventy  towns,  and  seized  the  precious 
metals,  and  all  free  inhabitants.  The  walls  of  every 
town  were  demolished,  the  wretched  inhabitants  were, 
to  the  number  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand,  sold 
as  slaves,  and  the  money  was  given  to  the  soldiers.  It 
is  grievous  to  have  to  relate  such  a  treacherous,  and 
brutal,  and  inhuman  act.  It  is  not  difficult  to  per- 
ceive the  state  of  the  nation,  when  the  senate  issues 
such  an  order,  and  when  one  of  the  best  of  her  citizens 
executed  it  without  reserve  or  hesitation  ;  and  no  his- 
torian speaks  of  it  with  so  much  as  a  word  of  censure. 
At  the  close  of  the  year  167  b.  c,  Paulus  returned  a 
conqueror,  with  millions  of  booty  and  treasure.  Pau- 
lus sailed  from  Oricum  in  a  splendid  galley  of  seven- 
teen banks  of  oars,  laden  with  trophies.  He  passed 
up  the  Tiber  amid  the  acclamations  of  the  multitude, 
who  lined  the  banks,  followed  by  Anicius  and  Octavi- 
us.  His  triumph  took  in  the  last  days  of  November. 
It  was  the  most  gorgeous  spectacle  that  had  yet  feast- 
ed the  eyes  of  the  Roman  populace.  The  forum  was 
fitted  out  with  rising  seats  like  a  theater,  that  all  might 
see  the  processions  as  they  passed.  On  the  first  day 
the  statues  and  paintings  taken  were  exhibited  on  two 
hundred  and  fifty  wagons;  on  the  second,  the  splendid 
accoutrements  and  arms  of  the  Macedonian  officers, 
suspended  from  long  pikes  of  the  phalanx  men,  passed 
along  the  the  sacred  way ;  then  followed  three  thousand 
men,  walking  four  abreast,  each  of  whom  carried  a 
vase  full  of  silver  coin,  and  the  procession  closed  with 
another  set,  who  bore  the  silver  plate  used  at  the  tables 
of  Perseus  and  his  nobles.  On  the  third  and  great 
day,  the  procession  began  with  a  body  of  trumpeters, 
followed  by  twenty  youths,  each  leading  a  milk  white 


WAR    AND    ITS    COST.  68 1 

bull,  with  his  horns  gilded,  garlanded  with  ribbons,  and 
flowers:  then  came  men  carrying  gold  coin  in  vases, 
and  the  gold  plate,  and  the  precious  stones.  Next 
followed  the  royal  car  of  Perseus,  laden  with  his  ar- 
mor, and  surmounted  by  the  diadem  of  Macedon. 
After  it  came  the  children  of  Perseus,  two  boys  and  a 
girl,  with  their  attendants,  and  Perseus  himself,  with  his 
queen,  stooped  with  grief  Last  of  all  was  seen  the  tri- 
umphant car  of  the  pro-consul,  preceded  by  men  bear- 
ing four  hundred  crowns  of  gold,  the  gifts  of  the  cities 
of  Greece,  followed  by  his  two  oldest  sons  on  horse- 
back, together  with  all  his  army  in  its  order. 

When  we  mentioned  that  the  infernal  scamps  had  sold 
the  Bonds  for  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar;  we  did  not  ex- 
plain so  every  one  could  understand  it.  We  will  now 
illustrate  it.  A,  B  and  C  are  business  men  known  to 
each  other.  A  has  millions  of  millions  of  acres  of  fine 
land  that  cannot  be  excelled,  and  he  has  buildings  in 
great  numbers.  His  credit  is  not  questioned,  he  is 
worth  from  fifteen  to  twenty  billions,  and  is  in  debt 
three  billions.  He  has  given  his  notes  to  B  for  the 
full  amount.  By  rascality  and  swindling,  A  lets  his 
notes  depreciate  to  fifty  cents  on  a  dollar,  A  then  en- 
ters into  a  conspirac}'  with  his  right  hand  bower,  that 
he  will  give  him  his  Bonds  on  time  for  the  full  amount 
of  the  notes,  if  he  will  get  them  of  B.  So  the  right 
hand  bower,  C,  buys  the  notes  of  B  for  fifty  cents  on 
a  dollar,  and  takes  them  to  A,  and  he  gives  him  his 
Bonds  for  the  full  amount  on  interest,  and  B  loses  fif- 
ty cents  on  the  dollar  on  the  bills,  which  is  one  and  a 
half  billions,  and  C  realizes  the  full  amount  on  the 
Bonds,  and  they  draw  interest ;  and  A  has  cancelled 
more  than  a  billion  of  those  Bonds,  and  he  has  paid 
about  two  billions  of  dollars  in  interest.  But  Bis  con- 
sidered of  no  account  because  it  is  the  people.  He 
was  not  advised  of  the  secret  of  the  matter,  and  it  was 
so  arranged  that  the  sums  had  to  be  large  ;  a  plan 
and  league  to  cheat  B  out  of  one  and  a  half  of  billion 
of  dollars  and  give  it  to  C  ;  so  he,  C,  can  draw  double 
interest,  and  the  people  have  to  pay  it.     But  say  the 


682  THE    WORKTNGMAN's    GUIDE. 

parasites,  all  could  get  the  bonds  at  the  same  rate. 
Not  so:  B  is  poorer,  he  cannot  buy  bonds  and  wait 
twenty  years  for  his  money,  and  A  and  C  knew  that, 
so  they  formed  a  conspiracy  to  rob  B  of  one  and  a 
half  billions,  and  give  it  to  C.  That  is  their  old  trick 
— rob  the  poor,  and  give  to  the  rich,  and  make  them 
richer. 

The  principle  of  the  black  Republican  imps  is  o 
make  the  rich  richer,  and  the  poor  poorer.  B  has  an 
interest  with  A,  and  so  has  C.  A  hates  B,  and  robs 
him,  and  gives  it  to  C,  who  is  fast  getting  all  the  prop 
erty.  B  is  a  workingman  and  makes  all  the  money 
but  A  and  B  rob  him  of  it.  So  they  alwavs  have  done, 
but  we  hope  the  end  of  their  lying,  stealing,  robbing 
is  nearly  at  its  close.  That  a  few  liars  and  thieves 
should  own  all  the  property  in  the  United  States  is 
woeful  in  the  extreme.  That  is  what  the  black  Re- 
publicans are  working  for.  Then  the  people  will  be 
hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water  :  then  we  will 
be  as  they  are  in  Europe,  in  two  classes,  very  rich  and 
very  poor — in  fact,  masters  and  slaves.  But  the  four 
million  fools  and  thieves  will  laugh  at  the  idea.  If 
we  do  not  look  out  for  our  own  interest,  who  will  .<* 
If  we  do  as  A  and  B  tell  us  to  do,  will  our  interest  be 
attended  to?  Will  A  and  B  tell  us  to  do  what  is  for 
our  own  interest,  or  will  they  tell  us  to  do  what  is  for 
their  interest  ?  D  and  E  are  acquainted.  E  is  a  work- 
ingman;  D  is  a  gull-catcher.  He  works  into  the  af- 
fections of  E,  so  he  gets  the  entire  control  of  him, 
and  D  gets  the  benefit  of  his  labor.  We  see  what  is 
going  on,  and  tell  E  that  he  is  not  doing  justice  to 
himself ;  that  D  is  taking  the  benefits  of  his  labor.  But 
E  pays  no  attention  to  the  matter.  So  it  is  with  the 
people  and  the  black  infernals;  the  people  work  hard, 
and  the  infamous  scamps  have  infatuated  four  million, 
so  they  give  them  all  they  earn  but  poor  bread  and 
poor  clothes.  And  the  four  millions  help  the  black 
scamps  rob  the  remainder  of  the  people.  So  it  is, 
many  work  hard  and  make  money,  and  a  few  steal 
nearly  all  ;  soon   the  many  will  be  slaves.     If  a  man 


WAR    AND    ITS    COST.  683 

contiuually  does  as  another  tells  him,  when  the  second 
man's  interest  is  diametrically  opposed  to  his,  will  the 
second  man  advise  him    properly,    or  will  he  advise 
him  for  his  own  interest?     We   think  he  will  advise 
him  for  his  own  interest.     But  we  think    the  safest 
mode  is  to  take  your  own  head  to  govern  your  business  ; 
if  you  do  not,  you  will  soon  be  a  gone  coon.     It  nev- 
er will  do  to  put  confidence  in  any  person,  so  as  to  do 
about  your  interest  as  he  says.     We  say  again,  Be   a 
man  and  use  your  own  mind.     If  you  do  not  use  your 
mental  faculties,  they  will  wither  and  dwindle  so  they 
will  be  of  no  use.     Exercise    strengthens    the    mind. 
This  is  a  subject  that  we  are  constrained  to  notice. 
As  we  are  writing  a  book  for  the  interest  of  the  work- 
ingman,  and  as  we  intend  to  call  it  "  The  Working- 
man's  Guide,"  we  are  bound  to  notice  that  which  will 
affect  their  interest,  either  good  or  bad  ;  and  as  this 
thing  is  of  inestimable   damage  to  the  workingman, 
we  cannot  do  our  duty  if   we  should   omit  it ;  so  we 
will  give  a  short  sketch  of  the  transactions  before  and 
during  the  strife.     And  in  advance,  we   will   have  to 
be  candid  with  those  we  deem  our  friends,  and   will 
have  to  say  that  we  are  opposed   to  war  unless  ene- 
mies should  come  on  our  soil ;  then,  as  we  said  before, 
give  them  Beelzebub.    If  fools  have  a  difficulty  it  gen- 
erally ends  in  fight ;  and  if  aristocrats  have  a  difficulty 
it  is  much  the  same.     Read  the  first  200  pages  of  this 
book,  and  you  wall  see  and  know  what  the  infernal 
scamps  have  done.     As  the  aristocracy  have  no  soul, 
consequently    no   feelings,     they  have  no    hesitation 
in  plunging  the  people  in  deadly  strife  with  each  oth- 
er, in  sanguinary  carnage.     And  they  are  desirous  of 
doing  so,  because  they  make  money  by  it ;  and  as  that 
is  the  God  they  worship,  they  are  exulted  when  they 
can   urge  the  people  to  war,  so  they  can  accumulate 
money.     It  is  made  in  several  ways,  but  mostly  in  get- 
ting fat  contracts  ;  and  the  aristocracy  do    not  care 
how  many  men  are  killed,  so  they  make  the   money, 
and  they  teach  traditionally  that  war  is  a  necessity. 
That  is  a  lie.     We  have  said  several  times  that  the 


684  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

workingman    must    not  believe  a   word  the    infernal 

scamps  say  ;  if  they  do,  they  certainly  will  get  into  a 

bad  predicament. 

"  May  we  govern  our  passions  with  absolute  sway, 
And  grow  wiser  and  better  as  life  wears  away." 

Every  passion  that  we  have  has  been  given  to  us 
for  use,  and  if  any  evil  results  follow  it  is  by  their  im- 
proper use.  So,  when  war  is  engaged  in  by  nations, 
one  or  all  is  in  the  greatest  error  that  can  be  commit- 
ted. But  to  kno.w,  read  the  first  part  of  the  book. 
Governor  Seymour,  of  New  York,  said  the  war  could 
have  been  averted.  And  so  it  could;  no  doubt  of  that. 
The  South  had  an  overweening  opinion  of  her  prow- 
ess— thought  that  the  Northern  troops  would  not  be 
any  match  for  them  if  near  equal.  The  infernal,  tar- 
tarean  scamps,  in  order  to  hasten  the  war,  said  the 
southern  leaders  had  said  that  one  man  of  the  South 
could  cope  with  two,  three,  or  more  of  the  North.  But 
we  will  not  vouch  for  the  truth  of  such  braggadocio. 
The  tariff,  no  doubt,  was  the  first  and  principal  cause 
of  the  war.  Slavery  was  used  by  the  infernal  imps  to 
provoke  the  South  to  combat.  They  did  not  care  for 
the  slave.  Any  person  who  thinks  the  black  fiend 
cares  for  the  negro,  has  no  knowledge  at  all  of  the  cod- 
fish aristocracy.  Every  person  should  know  better. 
They  care  for  no  negro;  money  is  their  God.  We 
tell  our  readers,  this  positively,  that,  as  we  know  the 
scamps,  they  never  cared  for  the  slave.  But,  as  they 
hated  the  South  because  they  were  too  much  for  them 
in  politics,  and  always  had  been,  they  envied  the 
South  the  benefit  they  acquired  from  slavi'ry.  In 
the  North  there  were  thousands  of  fanatics  who  had  ne- 
gro on  the  brain,  and  the  black  cobras  took  up  the  slave 
question  to  ride  into  office,  and  provoke  the  South  to 
combat.  That,  we  say  again,  that  they  cared  not  one 
penny  for  the  slave.  And  secondly,  the  tartarean 
scamps  hated  the  South,  because  the  South  was  op- 
posed to  a  protective  tariff,  and  they  were  determined 
to  have  revenge  on  the  South,  all  know,  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  great  patriot,  Jackson.     If  he  had 


WAR    AND    ITS    COST.  685 

been  on  the  carpet  we  should  have  had  no  war.  They 
had  been  excelled  in  politics  by  the  South,  and  they 
boiled  over  with  anger,  and  studied  to  crush  the  South. 
They  cared  not  a  pin  what  calamity  they  brought  on 
the  people,  if  they  could  only  gratify  their  implacable 
hatred  on  the  South,  and  they  could,  at  the  same  time 
make  billions  of  dollars  by  it;  and  so  it  did  turn  out. 
The  infernal  dragons  made  two  strings  to  their  bloody 
bow,  and  the  South  were  scourged  and  flagellated. 
Then  they  destroyed  their  property,  destructively  and 
ruinously.  One  of  the  infernal  brutes  said  himself 
that  he  had  destroyed  one  hundred  millions  worth  of 
property,  in  one  campaign  ;  and  we  suppose  they  stole 
more  than  that.  In  Mexico  they  paid  them  for  provis- 
ions ;  but  in  the  South  the  infernal  hydras  stole  what 
they  wanted,  and  destroyed  much  more,  or  as  much  as 
they  could.  Gen.  Grant  passed  on  the  trail  of  a 
beastly  hydra,  and  saw  some  chimneys  standing,  but 
the  houses  were  burnt  down.  He  said  that  he  did  not 
war  that  way,  he  made  war  on  soldiers.  But  the  hy- 
dra that  passed  through  there,  supplemented  his  war 
tactics  with  fire.  A  good  aristocratic  general  he  was. 
If  he  could  not  please  Asmodeus,  it  would  be  of  no  use 
to  look  for  one  that  could.  But  they  were  now,  no 
doubt,  satisfied,  and  they  did  not  wish  to  make  peace. 
The  South  made  offers  of  peace,  but  they  did  not  no- 
tice it.  Infernal  basilisks,  we  have  heard  them  say, 
We  make  no  peace  with  traitors.  What  a  crime  the 
basilisks  committed,  and  what  a  foolish  act  the  South, 
done  ! 

Not  long  since,  a  man  told  us  that  if  a  man  had  an 
article  to  sell,  and  a  man  who  wanted  it  agreed  to  buy 
it,  and  pay  three  times  its  worth,  there  was  nothing 
immoral  in  the  transaction.  We  intend  to  adhere  to 
rules  of  strict  morality  in  the  principles,  and  we  are 
forced  by  our  belief  and  convictions  of  ethics  to  say, 
it  is  every  one  will  say,  exorbitant  and  dishonest,  and 
it  is  as  near  swindling  as  can  be  ;  and  the  cheat  who 
takes  three  times  as  much  for  an  article  as  it  is  worth 
always  will  praise  it   above  its   merits,  and  it  is  that 


686  THE  workingman's  guide. 

same  parsimonious  spirit  that  induced  Wim  to  get  three 
times  the  worth  of  an  article  that  will  lead  him  to  lie 
and  misrepresent  the  qualities  of  the  article.  So  we 
make  it  short.  Who  takes  much  more  for  an  article 
than  it  is  worth  is  a  cheat,  a  knave,  a  dishonest  man. 
So  with  the  robbing  tariff.  The  sv/indlers  have  their 
serfs  and  liars  all  over  the  country,  deceiving  the  peo- 
ple and  misrepresenting,  as  the  following  :  A  man  run- 
ning for  Congress  makes  a  speech  before  the  people, 
and  tells  them  that  the  laborers  get  seventy  to  eighty 
per  cent,  of  the  products  of  the  factories  where  he  la- 
bors. The  lying  scamp  knew  he  lied.  Now,  by  such 
false  pretenses  and  lies,  they  induce  the  imps  to  acqui- 
esce in  the  exorbitant  swindles  of  the  tariff.  By  the 
census  of  1870,  the  manufacturers  made  forty-six  per 
cent,  on  their  capital  invested ;  this  is  from  their  own 
figures.  Now,  by  lying  and  false  pretenses,  they  ob- 
tain a  swindling  tariff  that  gives  them  that  profit.  Now, 
every  honest  man  who  has  any  sense  of  shame  will  say 
that  it  is  dishonest  to  take  in  that  way  such  an  unreas- 
onable and  excessive  profit  out  of  the  people.  If  they 
had  a  soul,  they  would  not  do  such  a  flagitious  and 
atrocious,  and  infamous,  and  infernal,  and  barbarous 
act.  But  they  seem  to  have  no  sense  of  shame,  no 
morals,  and  no  conscience.  But  the  manufacturers 
cannot  get  the  necessary  laws  passed  which  shall  en- 
able him  to  rob,  steal  and  swindle  the  people  in  that 
enormous  degree.  So  he  gets  four  millions  serfs, 
swindlers,  thieves,  liars,  cheats,  scoundrels  to  assist  him 
to  rob  and  cheat  the  people.  They  volunteer  to  assist 
him  in  the  robbery.  Now,  every  just,  sensible,  hon- 
est, truthful,  moral  and  good  citizen  of  the  community 
will  say  that  the  four  millions  are  just  as  responsible 
in  the  crime  (and  we  say  it  is  a  crime)  as  the  villains 
from  Erebus  who  concocted  the  infernal  fraud  and 
swindle.  That  he  who  assists  a  thief  is  as  bad  as  a 
thief,  and  so  of  all  crimes  and  misdemeanors  of  every 
kind. 

Not  many  years  ago,  the  infernal  black  scamps  had 
a  flagitious,  tartarean  engine  of  corruption,  that  is  now 


WAR    AND    ITS    COST.  687 

extinct  for  awhile,  and  forever,  we  hope.  That  is  sub- 
sidies, obtained  by  the  votes  of  the  people,  of  counties. 
They  obtained  considerable  money  that  way,  and  it  is 
a  diabolical  mode  of  obtaining  funds.  The  elections 
on  such  occasions  are  attended  with  excessive  frauds 
and  corruption,  as  the  vile  and  obnoxious  basilisks 
use  money  freely,  knowing  that  the  more  they  use  the 
surer  they  are  to  get  the  bonus ;  all  can  see  the  inge- 
nuity of  the  scheme.  A  votes  to  make  B  (who  is  op- 
posed to  the  fraud)  pay  for  a  railroad.  We  think  this 
needs  no  argument  to  show  its  heinous  atrocity.  Gov- 
ernor Haight  vetoed  one  of  their  bills,  for  which  the 
Stygian  scamps  defeated  him  for  re-election.  The 
Democrats  always  kept  such  degraded,  and  odious,  and 
wicked  schemes  down  ;  and  there  never  would  have 
been  such  robbing,  stealing  schemes  foisted  on  the 
people,  if  the  Democrats  had  been  kept  in  office.  All 
should  be  able  to  see  the  damage  the  infernal  and  tar- 
tarean  scamps  have  done  to  the  country.  Their  whole 
business  and  aim  has  been  to  give  the  country  away  to  a 
few  codfish  aristocratic  hydras,  zvhich  is  a  multifarious 
evil,  only  suitable  for  the  black  scamps.  Now,  how  any 
man  can  so  far  ignore  his  truth  and  veracity,  his  hon- 
or and  integrity  !  We  are  too  fast,  any  man  who  sup- 
ported or  assisted  to  enforce  these  infernal  measures 
on  the  people  had  no  honor  or  integrity;  an  honest 
man  could  not  do  so.  But,  says  the  black  helot,  that  is 
rough.  We  have  said,  we  will  say  what  is  true,  and  truth 
is  not  rough  ;  and  we  cannot  help  it,  we  have  to  expose 
the  infamy  of  the  tartareans.  The  demons  have  done  all 
they  could  to  transfer  property  from,  the  possession  of 
the  people  into  the  hands  of  a7i  unprincipled  and  soul- 
less marauder.  Think  of  it,  giving  300,000,000  acres 
of  land  away  for  nothing ;  giving  a  bogus  mortgage 
the  preference  over  a  government  mortgage  of  over 
$64,000,000;  stealing  from  the  people  in  war,  in  stand- 
ing army,  land  monopoly,  tariff,  banking,  railroads, 
telegraph  monopolies,  navigation  monopolies,  and  pri- 
vate monopolies,  in  twenty-four  years,  more  i\\2^r\  forty 
billions  of  dollars  !     Many  men  do  not  think,  and  the 


688  THE  workingman's  guide. 

four  milHon  thieves  and  fools  do  not  know,  how  it  was 
done.  They  are  of  the  opinion  that  all  the  stealing  is 
done  in  office.  That  is  a  whit  of  their  stealing.  But 
the  infamous  black  imp  does  not  wish  to  be  informed 
on  that  point. 

CIVIL  WAR,  COST  OF  AND  RESULTS. 

War  is  the  greatest  evil  that  can  befall  to  a  country. 
Only  one  evil  is  greater;  that  is,  to  have  the  infernal 
black  Republicans  rule  the  country.  That  is  worse 
than  war,  famine,  pestilence,  fire,  and  sword  combined. 
The  people  are  too  much  inclined  to  war.  The  de- 
graded and  infernal  aristocrats  will  have  a  quarrel,  and 
then  declare  war.  Mind,  the  people  had  nothing  to 
say  in  the  matter,  and  very  likely  the  question  at  issue 
was  trifling,  and  of  no  consequence ;  but  the  basilisks 
will  sound  the  war-note,  and  the  people  are  in  their 
glory.  So  we  see  the  bloodthirsty  infernals  and  tarta- 
rean  brutes  and  demons  get  up  a  quarrel,  probably  to 
produce  a  war,  as  they  wished  to  divert  the  atten- 
tion of  the  people  from  their  demonian  and  Stygian 
rule,  as  the  people  began  to  see  they  were  in  the  coils 
of  the  boa  constrictor.  At  present  the  Russian  wants 
a  war.  The  odious  aristocrat  says  war  is  a  necessity, 
and  all  fools  follow  suit.  Now,  we  say  to  the  working- 
man  as  we  have  before,  Do  not  believe  a  single  word 
that  a  black  Republican  says.  It  is  an  infernal  lie  that 
war  is  a  necessity,  and  all  he  says,  or  nearly  all  he  says, 
about  politics  is  lying,  and  said  to  get  the  property  of 
the  people.  Every  man  should  have  seen  long  ago 
that  the  black  Republican  drones  do  not  work.  They 
have  to  steal  for  a  living,  and  they  are  as  keen  and 
ravenous  as  a  coyote  when  they  get  an  opportunity  to 
fold  their  anconda  coils  around  any  one.  All  can  see 
they  are  more  anxious  for  money  than  the  majority  of 
the  people  ;  the  reason  of  it  is,  iheir  business  is  preca- 
rious, and  not  often  can  he  make  stealing  a  big  thing, 
and  when  he  gets  an  opportunity  he  is  as  fierce  as  a 
famished  wolf.  Not  so  with  the  workingman.  He 
has  a  never-failing,  honest  and  upright  recourse  (when 
in   health)   to  obtain  all  he  needs    in    this    mundane 


WAR    AND    ITS    COST.  689 

sphere  for  his  support,  and  he  has  not  to  fear  that  it 
will  fail.  If  there  were  no  thieves,  black  Republican 
bucaneers,  he  would  get  double  the  wages  he  does  now. 
O  fool  of  fools  !  Why  will  so  many  egregious  sim- 
pletons listen  to  the  beasts  of  prey,  and  be  robbed  of 
half  of  their  wages  and  property  ?  Why  will  so  many 
consent  to  have  the  drones  take  their  life's  blood  from 
them  }  They  are  like  the  octopus.  But  how  can  it  be 
that  the  four  million  fools  are  so  persistent  to  rob  their 
fellow  men?  The  robbing  aristocrat  is  worse  than  the 
drone  that  only  eats  what  he  wants ;  the  black  imp 
takes  nearly  all. 

The  black  Republican  infernals  should  leave  it  to 
a  vote  of  the  people,  if  the  President  should  have 
superintendents  all  over  the  country,  and  that  those 
superintendents  should  oversee  all  the  work  done  in 
every  kind  of  business  in  the  United  States,  and  that 
those  superintendents  should  give  the  owners  such  a 
share  as  they  thought  proper,  and  keep  what  they  had 
a  mind  to.  The  black  Republican  four  million  thieves 
would  all  vote  for  it.  As  they  vote  that  ticket,  it 
does  not  make  any  difference  what  the  black  infernals 
do.  W^e  had  a  talk  with  a  black  official  scamp,  and 
he  expressed  himself  for  a  similar  scheme.  And  that 
is  equivalent  to  what  they  have  been  doing  for  twenty 
years,  and  we  have  proved  it.  We  can  make  up  our 
minds  that  these  infernal,  vicious,  barbarous  four  mil- 
lion Belials  will  do  anything  for  the  interest  of  their 
masters.  So  the  demons  have  an  army  of  four  mil- 
lion strong  to  rob  us  of  our  property,  without  any 
conscientious  scruples  ;  and  we  may  get  a  majority 
without  those  four  million,  as  there  are  a  million 
Republicans  who  will  not  follow  the  infernals  to  Tar- 
tarus. And  we  have  to  thank  the  orood  Republicans 
for  the  election  of  President  Cleveland.  One  of  the 
first  papers  said :  "  What  we  want  is  an  honest  gov- 
ernment." And  we  thank  him  for  his  honesty,  and 
we  hope  that  many  will  follow  his  example.  The 
credit  of  this  Government  is  good,  and  has  been  this 
century,  and  it  has  been  at  par:  a  hundred  dollars  in 


690  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

bonds  would  command  one  hundred  dollars.  And  we 
noticed  long  ago  that  England  was  in  debt  nearly 
four  billions  of  dollars,  and  the  rate  percent,  is  nearly 
three  dollars  on  a  hundred  yearly.  Their  debt  is  about 
twice  what  ours  is  now.  Now,  we  are  able  to  pay  as 
much  debt  as  the  British.  The  rate  per  cent,  at  pres- 
ent on  our  bonds,  that  is,  take  the  lowest  on  our 
bonds,  is  about  the  same  as  on  their  bonds  called  con- 
sols. United  States  four  per  cent,  bonds  are  selHng 
at  a  price  above  their  face  of  twenty-three  and  three- 
fourths  per  cent.  Now,  what  we  intend  to  call  your 
attention  to  is,  that  the  government  ag(?Vits  sold  the 
bonds  during  the  war — that  is,  when  they  wanted  them, 
for  less  than  forty  cents  on  a  dollar,  and  it  is  about 
the  mark  to  say  the  bonds,  on  the  average,  were  sold 
for  about  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar.  Now,  as  soon 
as  the  diabolical  and  destructive  brutes  were  seated 
in  office,  they  began  to  give  this  country  away.  They 
hate  this  form  of  government.  They  wanted  mon- 
archy at  the  beginning,  and  they  could  not  get  it,  so 
they  had  to  take  it  as  it  was  framed  by  the  people. 


CHAPTER   XLV. 

WHISKY    RING. 

McDonald  said.  Change  of  officers,  and  more  of 
them.  Bristow  asked  if  he,  McDonald,  came  to  Wash- 
incj-ton  with  the  intention  to  resign.  McDonald  said 
he  had  not,  but  if  the  President  and  Babcock  do  not 
change  my  mind,  I  will  resign,  as  I  do  not  wish  to 
fio-ht'a  buzz  saw  in  this  matter.  Bristow  asked  an  ex- 
planation. Bristow  said  he  wished  to  collect  the  rev- 
enue at  all  hazards,  and  that  he  was  anxious  to  pre- 
serve and  secure  the  further  success  of  the  Republican 
party.  But  he  made  his  duties,  as  an  officer  of  the  na- 
tion, paramount  to  his  allegiance  to  party  ;  and  that 
rc^^ardless  of  political  results  he  would  collect  the  rev- 
enue.    Mr.    Bristow     was    right.     The     secretary    re- 


WHISKY    RING.  69 1 

marked  that  he  was  aware  that  I  occupied  a  more  in- 
timate and  influential  relation  with  the  President,  than 
any  other  person  in  the  West.  McDonald  next  went 
to  see  the  President,  and  told  him  the  situation  ;  how 
Bristow  had  a  barrel  of  evidence.  He  said,  Bristow, 
no  doubt  intended  to  let  no  guilty  person  escape. 
McDonald  said  he  was  a  friend  of  the  President  and 
Babcock.  Bristow  was  anxious  to  learn  if  the  Gov- 
ernment officers  at  St.  Louis  could  be  relied  upon  to 
prosecute  parties  guilty  of  violation  of  the  revenue 
laws.  McDonald  said  they  could,  but  at  the  same 
time  advised  no  prosecutions.  The  money  was  used 
for  political  purposes  ;  and  by  the  best  workers  in  the 
Republican  party.  Bristow  was  in  favor  of  letting  no 
guilty  person  escape,  and  he  meant  it.  But  Grant 
did  not  mean  it;  he  lied.  He  was  a  good  black  Re- 
publican. That  is  the  principle,  to  lie,  cheat,  swindle, 
steal,  rob,  and  commit  all  manner  of  fraud  and  corrup- 
tion, to  carry  those  misdemeanors  to  perfection  ;  to 
rob  the  people  and  get  their  property.  Bristow  was  a 
poor  black  Republican ;  he  had  no  business  in  that 
sty.  The  infernal  frauds  meditated  the  removal  of 
Bristow;  but  they  feared  the  people,  and  it  was  not 
attempted;  and  the  President  also  feared  the  people. 
Bristow  was  informed  of  it.  McDonald  desired  to 
have  the  agents  to  the  crooked  districts  recalled.  The 
President  said  when  the  agents  reported,  they  could 
be  controlled.  See  the  menial,  mephitical,  mercenary, 
mendacious  mendicants,  and  merciless,  mindless  mis- 
creants, and  meretricious  milksops,  minions,  moon- 
struck monsters,  and  mockers  and  Molochs,  robbing 
the  people. 

The  President  said  when  the  agents  made  their  in- 
vestigations, their  reports  could  easily  be  controlled 
by  the  department,  and  they  should  be  (see  the  diabol- 
ical iniquity).  McDonald  wanted  the  agents  recalled, 
and  the  evidence  (Bristow  said  he  had  a  barrel  of  it) 
burned.  The  President  thought  it  best  to  put  the  evi- 
dence in  a  safe  place,  where  no  one  could  get  at  it. 
McDonald  said  a  change  of  officers  would  resurrect  it. 


692  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

The  President  said  he  would  prevent  a  further  accu- 
mulation of  evidence  by  having  the  agents  recalled, 
and  he  would  confer  with  Bristow  as  to  the  most  desir- 
able means  of  preventing  the  evidence  from  becoming 
public.  McDonald  said,  if  you  have  an  understanding 
with  the  secretary,  Bristow,  you  can  control  things. 
The  President  said  he  had  no  understanding  with 
Bristow,  but  at  all  events  the  evidence  should  be  con- 
trolled. McDonald  said  the  President  and  Bristow 
should  work  together.  The  President  said,  Yes,  we 
ought  to  ;  but  if  we  don't,  one  of  us  will  have  to  quit, 
audit  will  not  be  me.  McDonald  spoke  prophetic.  I 
told  the  President  that  as  he  understood  everything  had 
been  going  on  in  my  district  it  was  only  necessary  to 
assure  him  that  the  same  condition  of  affairs  existed 
through  the  entire  country,  and  in  every  district;  and  if 
the  matter  was  allowed  to  reach  the  public,  it  could  no 
more  be  stopped  than  the  waves  of  the  ocean  before  the 
wind.  That  it  would  expose  the  internal  operations  of 
the  Republican  party,  the  sources  from  which  its  life  was 
derived,  and  that  the  party  would  collapse  like  a  balloon 
sent  by  lightning.  The  President  was  sorely  agitated, 
and  said  it  must  be  stopped.  McDonald  gave  his 
opinion  that  Bristow  intended  to  thoroughly  expose 
us.  The  President  wanted  the  evidence  guarded,  so 
the  public  should  not  know  anything  about  it.  McDon- 
ald, this  time,  gave  Babcock  ^5,000  in  a  package. 
Bristow  said  that  he  and  the  President  did  not  equally 
agree,  (it  took  like  a  storm).  McDonald  told  Bristow 
that  the  delinquents,  he  thought,  would  pay  up  the  back 
taxes,  and  settle  with  the  government,  which  would 
prevent  them  from  being  broken  up.  Bristow,  we 
think,  made  a  wrong  calculation ;  he,  we  think,  meant 
to  make  capital  for  himself.  But  Asmodeus,  nor  all 
the  powers  of  Erebus,  could  not  break  that  ring.  Bris- 
tow told  McDonald  he  thought  he  would  seize  the 
property  of  the  distillers  and  rectifiers  against  whom 
he  had  evidence.  McDonald  next  called  on  'Doug- 
lass, Commissioner,  and  told  him  he  had  concluded 
to  resign  ;  he  said  he  was  inclined  to  do  the    same. 


WHISKY    RING.  693 

The  President  said  Bristow  seems  to  be  a  little  arbi- 
trary, but  there  shall  be  no  trouble.  McDonald  said, 
Do  you  infer  that  the  secretary  is  openly  hostile  to  you. 
"  O,  no,  no,"  the  President  said.  "  Not  that,  but  he 
merely  shows  a  decided  wish  to  have  his  own  way, 
which  will  not  be  permitted,  unless  he  changes  pres- 
ent apparent  inclinations."  Well,  I  would  like  to  know 
what  I  may  expect,  so  as  to  be  prepared  for  any  pol- 
icy. The  President  said,  if  anything  new  and  impor- 
tant for  you  to  know  happens,  I  will  write  to  you  at 
once.  I  said  (that  is  McDonald)  he  must  not  write, 
as  his  letters  had  been  stolen.  McDonald  told  the 
President  he  would  resign.  The  President  said,  "  O, 
no,  don't  do  that."  McDonald  ao;ain  told  Bristow  that 
he  would  resign.  Bristow  said  he  knew  of  no  special 
service  McDonald  could  render,  only  to  confer  with 
other  officers  in  his  district  respecting  their  resigna- 
tions. McDonald  said,  he  was  certain  that  they  would 
all  resign.  McDonald  hands  his  resignation  to  the 
President.  Col.  Joice  resigned  27th,  Collector  Maguire 
in  a  day  or  two  after.  McDonald  received  letters  al- 
most daily  from  the  man  Babcock.  The  government 
kept  squeezing  the  ring  tighter.  Bristow  demanded 
McDonald's  removal.  The  President  drew  it  out  of 
his  pocket  (he  had  kept  it  a  month),  and  handed  it  to 
Bristow.  Then  the  President  saw  the  danger  his  shal- 
low brain  had  seduced  him  into.  He  advised  with 
Babcock,  and  Babcock  wrote  to  McDonald,  as  the 
President  does  all  his  official  business  through  his  pri- 
vate secretary.  General  Babcock  ;  and  Babcock  writes 
to  McDonald  :  If  you  don't  protect  the  subordinate 
officers  in  St.  Louis,  who  are  now  in  trouble,  lightning 
will  strike  in  Washington.  Hawley  is  after  you.  Mc- 
Donald had  said  that  he  would  stand  by  Babcock  and 
the  President  until  h —  is  burnt  down,  and  froze  over, 
and  then  skate  across  and  stick  to  them.  Such  is  the 
infernal  ring  of  monas  monde  monopolists,  monsters, 
moonstruck  muckworms,  multifaced  mushrooms,  and 
myrmidons  of  Erebus. 

The  day  previous  to  the  seizure,  Mr.  NewTomb,  of 


694  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

the  firm  of  Nevvcomb,  Buchanan  &  Co.,  of  Louisville, 
was  in  Secretary  Bristow's  office,  and  in  the  course  of 
the  conversation,  the  secretary  asserted  his  intention 
of  seizing  all  the  distilleries  in  the  West  on  the  follow- 
ing day.  When  Mr.  Newcomb  left  the  treasury  he 
repeated  the  declaration  to  Mr.  Barnes,  an  employee 
of  Newcomb,  Buchanan  &  Co.,  who  at  once  sent  the 
news  to  Bollham  &  O'Harra,  rectifiers  in  St.  Louis, 
in  a  dispatch,  in  which  the  phrase.  "  Lightning  will 
strike  St.  Louis  on  Monday,"  was  used.  Joseph  Fitz- 
roy  knew  of  the  President  s  and  Babcock's  connection 
with  the  ring.  In  the  early  part  of  June,  the  grand 
jury,  then  in  session  in  St.  Louis,  returned  an  indict- 
ment against  McDonald,  and  also  against  Joice,  Fitz- 
roy  and  Bevis,  a  distiller,  charging  them  with  wilfully 
and  maliciously  destroying  public  records.  On  the 
day  after  this  was  found,  McDonald  was  arrested  by 
United  States  Marshal  Newcomb,  and  gave  bail  in  the 
sum  of  five  thousand  dollars ;  but  this  step  only  in- 
creased the  anxiety  of  the  President  and  Babcock,  and 
on  the  17th,  McDonald  wrote  to  Babcock  informing 
him  of  my  indictment,  but  conveyed  my  assurance 
that  he  and  the  President  could  be  reached  only 
through  me  criminally,  and  whatever  the  ordeal  might 
be,  I  should  go  through  it  without  betraying  them  in 
the  slightest.  I  asked  him  to  use  his  influence  to 
have  Major  Gunther  retained  in  the  service.  The  fol- 
lowing few  lines  is  the  letter: 

"  Dear  Friend  :  Got  yours  of  the  1 7th.  Glad  to 
hear  all  will  be  right.  Shall  do  all  in  my  power  to  re- 
tain your  friend  ;  it  will  not  be  my  fault  if  I  do  not,  as 
I  will  convince  you  when  we  meet.  I  don't  think 
Dyer  is  your  friend.  I  still  believe  that  there  is  some 
one  who  is  near  you,  or  the  Colonel,  who  betrays  you. 
Trust  none.  Where  is  the  Colonel  ?  Regards  to  all. 
Keep  cool ;  will  explain -a  good  many  things  when  I 
see  you.     June  2 2d. 

"  Yours  Truly, 

"  B.  F.  Inch." 


WHISKY    RING.  695 

Babcock  gave  McDonald's  wife  a  singing  bird,  call- 
ed Bull  Finch,  and  he  signed  his  letters  Bull  Finch  or 
B.  F.  Inch  after  that,  or  were  received  through  E.  B. 
Grimes,  the  Quartermaster  at  St.  Louis. 

General  Babcock  wrote  to  Grimes,  instructing  him 
to  see  if  Colonel  Dyer  would  conduct  the  proscutions, 
so  as  to  visit  the  President's  friends  with  special  len- 
iency. Grimes  had  the  second  interview  with  Dyer, 
but  Dyer  was  inflexible,  and  as  determined  as  Bristow, 
and  said  if  the  President  was  in  the  ring,  he  would 
go  for  him.  Babcock  was  concerned  about  the  matter, 
and  feared  that  McDonald  or  Joice  would  turn  against 
him,  McDonald  gets  Chester  A.  Krum  to  defend 
him.  Babcock  and  the  President  go  to  St.  Louis  to 
see  McDonald,  and  Babcock  and  McDonald  take  a  pri- 
vate dinner  at  the  Lindell  House.  Babcock  is  in 
much  trouble.  The  truth  begins  to  be  apparent. 
Bristow  has  had  his  way  about  the  matter,  and  he 
and  Dyer  intend  to  push  the  matter.  The  President 
appointed  John  B.  Henderson  to  aid  Dyer,  and  these 
two  men  are  determined  to  push  every  one  to  the  wall 
who  had  anything  to  do  with  the  whisky  ring.  Mc- 
Donald tells,  as  the  result  of  the  trials,  that  he  and 
Colonel  Joice  would  be  convicted.  Babcock  says : 
"  We  shall  not  permit  that.  We  shall  dismiss  every  07ie 
who  is  at  enmity  with  tLs'.'  They  wanted  to  get  rid  of 
Bristow  and  Dyer,  but  they  feared  the  people — a  sad 
state  for  criminals  to  be  in.  The  President  was  watch- 
ed. Babcock  asked  McDonald  if  Grimes  read  many 
letters  (that  Babcock  had  sent  him)  to  McDonald.  Mc- 
Donald said  he  had,  and  burned  them.  Babcock  was 
knowing  to  the  state  of  the  frauds  of  the  whisky  ring, 
and  McDonald  told  him  that  he  had  been  already 
abused  to  the  utmost  of  newspaper  scandal,  and  but 
little  more  could  be  done  except  to  take  his  liberty. 
"Oh,  it  will  not  come  to  that,"  Babcock  says,  "the 
President  says  he  will  pardon  you  the  moment  the  ver- 
dict is  announced."  McDonald  met  the  President,  and 
he  said  he  would  protect  him.  The  indictments 
against  Colonel  Joice,  Al.  Bevis,  Joseph   Fitzioy,  and 


696  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

McDonald  were  dismissed.  In  the  latter  part  of  June, 
ten  other  indictments  had  been  found  against  us,  charg- 
ing us  with  conspiracy,  which  fact  I  neglected  to  state 
in  the  earlier  and  proper  part  of  this  narrative.  We 
were  rearrested  on  a  bench  warrant,  and  placed  under 
bonds  in  the  sum  of  ^11,000,  to  answer  to  two  indict- 
ments charging  us  with  conspiracy,  and  one  charging 
us  with  destruction  of  public  records.  Colonel  Joice 
was  also  indicted  in  the  western  district.  Such  is  the 
tempestous  billows  of  criminal  life,  continually  in  fear, 
no  pleasure  but  for  a  moment,  then  sunk  again  into 
the  vale  of  Erebus.  We  advise  all  those  who  read  our 
plain  and  true  book  to  make  up  their  minds  to  follow 
the  road  to  virtue  and  honor,  to  resolve  to  maintain  a 
life  of  honor  and  integrity,  and  keep  their  lives  in  the 
oath  of  truth  and  veracitv;  and  if,  in  weak  and  un- 
guarded  moments,  they  should  wander  from  the  path 
of  rectitude,  to  retrace  their  steps,  and  regain  the  plain 
of  justice,  where  all  is  sunshine,  and  the  approbation  of 
a  virtuous  conscience  is  the  highest  and  most  delight- 
ful satisfaction.  We  want  more  human  beings  of  truth 
and  honor  to  plant  this  Democratic  party  on  such  a 
high  ground  that  the  infernal  aristocracy  cannot  reach 
it  to  demoralize  and  debase  it.  Their  business  is  to 
rob,  cheat,  and  swindle  the  people  first;  and  next  in 
order  to  carry  out  their  diabolical  plans,  they  do  all 
they  can  to  debase,  degrade,  and  carry  the  people  down 
to  barbarism.  Their  leaders  teach  that  there  is  no 
honest  man  ;  that  all  men  will  steal  if  they  get  a  chance. 
We  have  several  times  told  the  infernal  lepers  that  the 
black  imps  were  stealing  our  property,  and  received 
the  insulting  answer  that  we  would  do  the  same  if  we 
had  an  opportunity.  We  ask  the  workingmen  how 
long  will  you  do  yourselves  the  continual  injustice  of 
being  robbed  of  your  property,  and  look  on  with  folded 
arms,  and  suffer  the  heartless  marauders  to  keep  their 
high  places,  and  degrade  the  stations  they  hold  ?  We 
again  and  again  say,  hurl  the  demons  from  positions 
they  are  no  more  fit  to  hold  than  Erebus  is  for  a  dyna- 
mite factory.     Look   at  the   infernal   work   they  have 


WHISKY    RING.  697 

done.  See  the  amount,  by  the  bill,  that  they  have  stol- 
en;  yes,  stolen  all  the  country  is  worth,  and  made  mil- 
lionaires all  over  the  United  States,  and  every  million- 
aire takes  the  average  property  of  nearly  1,200  per- 
sons; and  see  the  million  tramps  roaming  over  the 
country.  Some  say  that  there  are  two  million  tramps. 
And,  worst  of  all,  after  having  stolen  all  of  the  prop- 
erty, they  yet  have  the  infernal  audacity  to  say  that  the 
hard  times  their  stealings  have  produced  is  because 
the  Democrats  have  had  the  power  for  one  year,  and 
the  diabolical  muckworms  have  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States,  and  about  three-fourths  of  the  officers. 
Shame ! 

The  trial  of  Colonel  Joice  was  concluded  on  the 
23d,  and  he  found  guilty,  but  not  placed  in  jail  for  sev- 
eral days.  On  the  2d  day  of  November,  while  in  at- 
tendance at  court  awaiting  my  trial.  Colonel  Dyer  and 
General  Henderson  consulted  with  me  as  to  the  pro- 
priety of  my  pleading  guilty,  and  becoming  witness  for 
the  government  (McDonald).  They  promised  me 
immunity  from  punishment  if  I  would  adopt  such  a 
course,  but  I  positively  refused,  knowing  that  their  ob- 
ject was  to  secure  the  conviction  of  the  President 
and  General  Babcock  through  my  testimony.  On 
Monday,  the  15th,  my  case  was  called,  and  the  court 
denying  an  application  for  a  continuance,  I  was  placed 
on  trial,  which  lasted  until  the  following  Monday, 
when  a  verdict  of  guilty  was  returned.  Every  day 
Babcock  wrote  one  or  more  letters  through  Major 
Grimes,  in  order  to  have  McDonald  keep  mum,  and 
promises  that  the  President  would  interpose  when  Mc- 
Donald should  ask  it.  He  was  exhorted  to  stand  fast 
and  true,  and  supported  by  a  firm  reliance  in  the  un- 
failing friendship  of  the  President  and  himself  (Bab- 
cock) ;  and  they  did  fool  McDonald,  and  so  the  sequel 
showed.  On  the  third  day  of  his  trial.  General  Hen- 
derson again  tried  to  persuade  him  to  plead  guilty, 
and  he  gave  reasons,  and  he  said  McDonald  could 
convict  all  the  guilty  parties ;  but  McDonald  refused, 
and  Henderson  said.  You  will  discover  some  day  how 


698  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

great  your  error  was.  McDonald  says  Major  Grimes 
received  a  letter  on  the  day  of  his  conviction,  telling 
Grimes  to  assure  McDonald  that  the  President  would 
pardon  him  immediately  on  his  request.  But  McDon- 
ald refused  the  offer  of  pardon.  There  the  egregious 
simpleton!  He  should  (and  he  had  a  moral  right  to) 
immediately  on  conviction  accepted  the  pardon,  and 
let  them,  Babcock  and  the  President,  fight  the  crimi- 
nal battle.  McDonald  did  all  he  could  be  expected  to 
do  for  them  ;  but  they  made  a  ninny  of  McDonald, 
and  he  helped  them  allJie  could.  He  was  infatuated, 
was  led  like  an  ox  to  the  slaughter,  and  the  guilty  par- 
ties escaped.  Such  is  the  cobras'  narrow-minded, 
nauseous,  nefarious,  nemesis,  neocracy,  neophite,  nes- 
cence,  nias,  niggler,  ninny,  noncomposmentis,  noxious, 
nondescript,  nonessential  nuisance  and  infernal 
scamps.  McDonald  said  he  had  avowed  his  determi- 
nation to  protect  the  President  and  Babcock.  Fox 
was  a  member  of  the  grand  jury,  and  he  told  McDon- 
ald how  the  matter  against  Babcock  was  progressing. 
The  President  rewarded  him,  by  appointing  his  son  as 
consul  to  Brunswick,  at  a  salary  of  ^2,500  in  gold  a 
year.  This  son  was  only  nineteen  years  of  age.  The 
law  required  that  such  officer  should  be  twenty-one 
years  of  age ;  but  such  is  the  fraud  and  cheating  of 
the  lying,  black  Republican,  codfish,  tartarean  aristoc- 
racy. Fox  did  all  he  could  to  prevent  the  indictment 
against  Babcock,  up  to  the  instant  it  was  found.  On 
the  4th  of  November  the  grand  jury  returned  indict- 
ments against  Wm.  McKee  and  Maguire,  revenue  col- 
lectors, charging  them  with  conspiracy  to  defraud  the 
government.  On  the  same  month  Colonel  Joice  was 
sentenced  by  Judge  Krekel  to  a  term  of  three  and  a 
half  years'  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary,  and  to 
pay  a  fine  of  $2,000.  Joice  delivered  a  long  address. 
Its  insertion  will  do  us  no  good.  On  the  24th  of  No- 
vember the  case  of  William  O.  Avery  was  called  ;  both 
sides  being  ready  for  trial,  Chester  A.  Krum  appeared 
as  counsel  for  the  defendant.  On  the  3d  of  Decem- 
ber,   Avery,   after  a   bitter    fight,    was    found    guilty. 


WHISKY    RING.  699 

Henderson  assisted  the  District  Attorney,  and  Major 
Lucien  Eaton  also  assisted  Henderson  ;  and  we  give 
some  of  the  remarks  of  Henderson  "  What  right 
had  Babcock  to  go  to  Douglass  to  induce  him  to 
withdraw  his  agents  ?  Douglass  was  placed  in  his  po- 
sition to  see  that  the  revenue  laws  were  properly  en- 
forced. What  business,  then,  had  Douglass  with  him  ? 
What  right  had  the  President  to  interfere  with  Com- 
missioner Douglass  in  the  proper  discharge  of  his  du- 
ties, or  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  ?  Now, 
why  did  Douglass  permit  any  interference  by  the  Pres- 
ident? He  was  bound  to  listen  to  no  dictation  from 
the  President,  Babcock,  or  any  other  ofificer.  His  du- 
ty was  to  see  that  the  order  was  carried  out,  or  resign. 
Would  that  we  had  officials  of  sterner  stuff,  as  in  old- 
en times.  Is  it  to  be,  that  because  a  man  holds  an  of- 
fice at  the  hands  of  another,  he  is  to  be  a  bonded 
slave  ?  "  W.  D.  W.  Barnard,  a  cousin  of  the  President, 
was  in  court ;  sent  a  dispatch  to  Washington,  giving 
the  remarks.  Henderson  was  discharged  from  further 
service  in  the  prosecution  of  the  whiskey-ring  mem- 
bers. 

On  the  9th  day  of  December  the  grand  jury  found 
a  biU  of  indictment  aorainst  Gen.  Babcock.  It  pro- 
duced  a  orgeat  excitement.  Babcock  was  the  Presi- 
dent's  private  secretary,  and  many  thought  it  was  in- 
dicative of  executive  coalition.  It  was  like  a  stroke  of 
lightning,  and  much,  no  doubt,  was  thought  that  was 
not  said.  McDonald  pretends  to  say  he  had  the  key 
that  would  solve  the  mystery;  and  he  says  that  he 
dare  not  as  yet  demand  his  pardon,  as  matters  looked 
already  very  suspicious  in  high  places.  He  says.  Still 
1  waited  with  patience,  and  my  lips  sealed  with  secre- 
cy. Letters  of  encouragement  came  daily,  and  the 
promise  came  daily,  fresh  with  the  impress  of  the  par- 
doning power.  Babcock  was  acquitted  after  a  long 
trial,  and  the  sentiments  of  the  people  were,  that  he 
was  guilty.  The  President's  deposition  was  taken  the 
12th  day  of  February,  1876.  It  occupies  eighteen  or 
twenty  pages,  and  it  is  of  no  importance  in  the  case 


700  THE    WOKKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

of  Babcock.  If  the  President  did  know  anything 
about  the  guilt  of  Babcock,  it  was  known  by  them  on- 
ly, unless,  as  McDonald  says,  he  could  have  made 
matters  very  hot.  On  the  13th  day  of  April,  W.  O. 
Avery  and  McDonald  were  called  into  Court,  and 
sentence  passed  on  them.  Avery's  was  two  years  in 
the  penitentiary,  and  a  fine  of  $1,000;  and  McDon- 
ald's, three  yearfe  in  the  penitentiary,  and  a  fine  of 
$5,000.  Babcock  was  again  indicted,  and  gave  bail  in 
the  sum  of  $10,000;  and  McDonald  was  sent  to  the 
penitentiary  at  Jefferson  City.  McDonald  says  that 
both  the  President  and  Babcock  appealed  to  him  to 
wait  for  pardon  until  after  the  presidential  nomina- 
tion was  made  ;  and  all  the  time  Babcock  was  indict- 
ed and  tried,  he  was  the  President's  private  secretary ; 
and  not  until  the  second  indictment  did  he,  Babcock, 
resign.  On  the  17th  of  November,  Avery  was  par- 
doned Threats  of  his  wife  to  make  public  some  of 
Babcock's  letters  to  her  husband  produced  it.  Mc- 
Donald was  the  head  of  the  ring,  and  the  President 
was  reluctant  to  pardon  him.  But  after  several  threats 
and  many  promises,  he  was  pardoned  on  the  26th  day 
of  Jan.,  1877,  and  on  the  29th  he  walked  out  of  pris,- 
on,  as  he  says,  a  free  man.  It  took  a  long  time  for 
McDonald  to  get  his  pardon,  and  he  kept  mum  all 
the  time. 

Within  ten  days  after  McDonald's  release,  he  went 
to  Washington  to  urge  the  pardon  of  Col.  Joice. 
Nearly  every  day  Gen.  Babcock  called  on  McDonald, 
and  assured  him  that  Col.  Joice  would  be  pardoned 
before  Grant  went  out  of  office  ;  but  it  was  not  so. 
Grant  went  out  of  office,  and  Joice  was  not  pardoned. 
Babcock  said  that  Hayes  would  pardon  Joice  speedily. 
Babcock  obtained  the  letters  (by  false  promises) 
which  he  had  written  to  Joice,  so  he  was  having  no 
fear  from  Joice.  But  he  (Babcock)  could  not  get  the 
letters  from  McDonald.  That  was  the  reason  that 
Babcock  was  so  friendly  to  McDonald.  Col.  Joice 
was  pardoned  by  President  Hayes  on  July  13.  Mc- 
Donald said  ihat  he,  with  the  strong  arm  of  the  press, 


WHISKY    RING.  70 1 

would  hold  them  high  before  modern  civilization,  so 
that  the  eyes  of  a  discriminate  public  may  gaze  upon 
their  putrid  villainies  and  compounded  crimes,  and 
smell  the  festering  odors  ot  the  foul  ingratitude  of 
these  two  ineffacable  stains  on  creation  itself.  It  is 
hardly  necessary  that  the  store  of  evidence  has  not 
been  exhausted  against  the  two  high  criminals  ;  much 
evidence  is  yet  left.  But  those  that  are  not  satisfied 
can  have  ample  satisfaction  by  reading,  The  Secrets 
of  the  Whisky  Ring,  by  Gen.  John  McDonald.  In 
this  short  chapter  we  have  briefly  shown  the  princi- 
pal facts,  proving  the  connection  of  the  President, 
Babcock,  J.  W.  Douglass,  C.  H.  Krum,  forming  a 
conspiracy  in  1870  to  defraud  the  government  out  of 
its  revenue  on  distilled  spirits.  The  extent  of  this 
robbery,  we  believe,  has  not  been  estimated.  In  Mc- 
Donald's district  there  were  only  eight  distilleries  that 
run  crooked  for  the  ring,  and  their  capacity  was  9,600 
gallons  daily.  At  70  cents  a  gallon  it  would  amount 
to  ^6,720  a  day,  which  would  amount  to  over  two  mil- 
lion of  dollars  a  year.  But  that  is  but  a  fraction  of 
the  whole  country,  and  as  the  ring  extended  over  the 
whole  of  the  country,  it  must  have  been  not  less  than 
ten  times  that  sum,  yearly,  or,  to  be  on  the  safe  side, 
we  will  say  five  times  ;  then  it  will  be  ten  millions  of 
dollars  a  year,  and  as  it  lasted  five  years  it  could  not 
be  less  than  fifty  millions  of  dollars.  This  will  be  the 
sum  we  will  charge  the  infernal,  black  Republican, 
tartarean,  codfish  aristocracy  with,  in  the  bill  we  make 
out  against  them.  And  we  ask  the  workingman  to 
see  that  he  collects  the  bill.  It  is  your  money,  and  you 
should  have  it. 

Let  us  take  a  retrospective  view,  and  make  a  state- 
ment of  the  Presidents  the  tartarean  villains  from 
Erebus  have  had  from  the  year  1800.  We  think  it  is 
not  at  all  flattering  to  that  vile  party.  The  first  Pres- 
ident they  had  before  1800  was  for  monarchy.  In 
the  convention  that  framed  the  Constitution,  he  was 
the  right  bower  of  that  arch  monarchist,  Alexander 
Hamilton.    He  was  the  head  of  the  Alien  and  Sedition 


702  THE    WORI^INGMAN's    GUIDE. 

Laws,  and  that  consigned  him  to  political  extinction^ 
and  that  killed  the  Federal  party,  as  they  were  then 
called ;  and  they  went  to  Erebus,  where  they  should 
have  stayed.     But  Davy  Jones  sent  them  back,  and 
posted  them  to  use  various  names  and  disguises,  by 
speech  and  actions,  which  they  soon  learned  from  the 
lessons  they  took  in  pandemonium  ;  and  by  fraud,  bar- 
gain and  sale,  they  elected  the  son  of  the  first  presi- 
dent, and  he,  being  an  apt  scholar  of  Tartarus,  started 
the  Stygian  machines,  to  rob,  steal,  and  enslave  the 
people  of  their  rights.     They  started  two  of  the  in- 
fernal    machines,    internal     improvements,    with    the 
money  of  the  government,  by  subsidies,  and  a  high 
tariff.     It  came  near  making  a  civil  war,  but  was  nipped 
in  the  bud  by  Old   Hickory.     That  gave  the  people 
enough  of  the  fiends  from  Erebus,  and  they  were  laid 
on  the  shelf.     But  their  master,  Asmodeus,  had  them 
transformed  into  water  bears.     That  is  an  herb,  that 
can  be  dried  for  years  and  will  revive  by  proper  warm.th 
and  moisture,  and   Mephistopheles  had  changed  the 
herb  to  a  brute.     So    now  we  have   the  brute  water 
bears.     They  laid  on  the  shelf  twelve  years,  when  Me- 
phistopheles revived  them,  and  by  lies,  cheating,  rob- 
bing and  stealing,  they  put  in  a  President  in  the  pres- 
idential  chair.     That  was   in   1840.      His  name   was 
Wm.  H.  Harrison,  and  Providence  interfered  and  laid 
him  on  the  shelf.     He  was  President  one  month,  and 
J.  Tyler  succeeded  him.     What  will  the  moral  party 
say  to  the  providential  interference?     And  that  pre- 
vented diabolical  schemes  being  carried  out,  to  rob, 
plunder,  and  cheat,  and  enslave  the  people.     Heaven 
has  been  with  this  people,  and  they  have  prospered 
But  they  have  gone  astray,  and  worshiped  the  golden 
calf,  that    Mephistopheles    gave   them  ;  and    he   and 
Asmodeus  have  demoralized  and  degraded  this  once 
moral  people,  and  now  we  have  been  ruled  twenty-four 
years  loy  the  dual  government — Mephistopheles  and 
Asmodeus  from  Erebus. 

The  next  President  that  the  Water  Bears  elected 
was  General    Taylor,  but    he    lived   but  a  year  and  a 


WHISKY    RING.  7O3 

month,  and  then  Providence  again  interfered  and  took 
him  where  no  trouble  nor  contention  are  known,  and 
from  whence  no  one  returns.  The  Democrats  had 
never  lost  a  President  during  his  term.  Talk  of  a 
good  party ;  there  is  no  good  party  but  the  true  Dem- 
ocratic party.  That  is  the  party  that  should  rule  al- 
ways in  every  country  ;  that  is  honesty  in  politics,  equal 
and  exact  justice  to  all  men,  no  stealing  and  no  rob- 
bing. Workingmen,  you  are  the  men  to  inaugurate  the 
true  Democratic  Party,  you  have  always  been  robbed, 
and  enslaved,  and  cheated  out  of  your  labor.  We  say, 
demand  your  rights,  it  is  your  turn  to  rule,  and  will  al- 
ways be.  Do  not  let  liars  and  thieves  rule  any  longer. 
You  cannot  do  as  bad  as  the  infernal  black  Republic- 
ans have  done,  if  you  should  do  the  worst  you  could. 
They  have  robbed  the  country  in  twenty-four  years  of 
more  than  it  was  worth.  Next  Lincoln  was  inaugu- 
rated, he  was  called  honest  old  Abe.  If  a  man  reads 
this  book  and  notices  the  ten  British  engines  of  steal- 
ing, robbing,  oppression,  and  demoralization,  and  dis- 
tress, and  if  he  can  make  up  his  mind  that  he  is  an 
honest  man  who  is  for  all  them  (and  old  Abe  was), 
59/^  per  cent  to  the  factories.  If  he  can  see  that  59/^, 
47,  46,  and  36  are  honest  profits  on  the  capital  of  the 
factories,  when  the  people  get  nothing  but  the  natural 
increase  of  real  estate,  then  they  may.  We  think  the 
Republican  who  said  he  thought  a  man  was  not  a  good 
citizen  who  would  assist  in  taking  36  percent,  in  1880 
from  the  people  on  the  capital  of  manufacturers  was 
right.  Examine  the  matter,  it  is  plain,  and  there  is  no 
mistake  about  it.  Every  man  should  examine  for  him- 
self. We  cannot  see  the  justice  of  passing  class  laws 
so  that  one  man  makes  40  to  50  per  cent,  on  his  capital, 
and  fourteen-fifteenths  of  the  people  make  nothing  at 
all.  Such  is  what  the  tartarean,  black  Republican,  vile 
codfish  aristocracy  are  bringing  about.  One  million 
of  liars  and  thieves  are  making  all  the  money  or  steal- 
ing it,  and  the  others  make  zero.  Such  is  the  delight 
of  the  infernal,  black  Republican,  villainous  codfish  ar- 
istocracy ;  to  make  the  rich  man  richer  and  the  poor 
man  poorer. 


704  THE    WORKINGMAN  S     GUIDE. 

CHAPTER  XLVI. 

THE  KNAVE  HAS  A  HARD  LIFE. 

Lincoln  was  also  taken  to  his  eternal  sleep,  from 
which  no  man  awakes,  by  the  interference  of  Provi- 
dence, through  the  assassinator  Booth.  Take  notice 
how  the  knavish  miscreants  leave  this  earth.  Not 
as  people  generally  depart.  Compare  their  exit  with 
those  infernal  villains  said  had  no  rights  the  black 
Republicans  are  legitimately  and  morally  bound  to  re- 
spect (the  demons  paid  him).  We  say  the  Democrats 
have  rights,  and  he  w^ho  says  they  have  not  is  a  brute 
and  a  reptile,  and  deserves  the  destestation  of  all  hon- 
est men.  Under  Lincoln  there  was  immense  steal- 
ings and  robbings  perpetrated.  No  doubt  the  gov- 
ernment did  not  receive  more  than  sixty  cents  on  the 
dollar,  on  the  army  contracts, and  then  the  greenbacks 
were  allowed  to  depreciate  down  to  under  40  per 
cent,  of  their  face,  and  at  the  same  time  some  bonds 
or  greenbacks  drawing  interest  were  worth  their  face. 
But  they  had  an  object  in  view.  The  scamps,  after 
the  greenbacks  were  under  40  to  50  per  cent.  The 
government  gave  notice  that  she  would  give  bonds  at 
interest,  and  6  to  7  per  cent,  for  greenbacks.  Notice, 
the  bonds  cost  the  bloated  iDond-holders  less  than  fif- 
ty cents  on  the  dollar.  Notice,  the  contractors  first 
gave  60  per  cent,  on  contracts,  and  then  bought  bonds 
for  fifty  cents  on  the  dollar,  by  getting  greenbacks, 
and  exchanging  them  for  bonds.  It  appears  that  by 
a  preconcerted  understanding  the  demons  had  with 
the  Belials  outside,  but  both  of  the  same  infernal  rep- 
tilian stripe,  black  Republican,  codfish,  nefarious  aris- 
tocracy. Many  tons  of  gold  the  stygian  scamps  swin- 
dled the. people  out  of,  in  that  war ;  that  was  their  ob- 
ject from  the  start.  We  saw  the  bonanza  they  would 
have  as  soon  as  war  was  declared,  and  they  made  hay 
while  the  sun  shined.  That  is,  while  the  war  lasted. 
Next  day  after  Lincoln's  death,  A.  Johnson  was  chosen 
President,    and    he    and     the    tartarean     Asmodeans 


THE    KNAVE    HAS    A    HARD    LIFE.  705 

did  not  agree,  and  after  having  much  trouble,  they 
made  an  effort  to  impeach  him,  for  what?  For  doing 
what  he  considered  right.  In  the  opinion  of  an  infa- 
mous, black  Republican  scamp,  to  do  different  from 
what  the  head  demons  say,  is  considered  a  great  crime. 
But  they  did  not  succeed  in  the  impeachment,  and  the 
President  escaped  that  awful  crime  that  has  not  been 
fastened  on  any  President.  See  what  they  done  ;  first 
elect  their  man,  and  then  if  he  has  a  conscience,  try  to 
impeach  him. 

The  next  man  they  smuggled  into  office  of  Presi- 
dent was  Grant.  He  was  elected  in  the  fall  of  1868, 
and  again  in  the  fall  of  1872.  To  know  the  beauties 
of  his  terms,  read  the  Whisky  Ring.  The  greater  the 
villain,  the  greater  the  man,  if  he  escapes  being  caught 
in  the  nets  of  the  law.  And  if  a  man  does  a  diabolical 
act,  if  he  is  a  black  Republican,  and  does  not  suffer 
punishment,  he  is  sure  to  get  some  important  office,  if 
it  is  in  their  power.  The  greater  crimes  a  man  com- 
mits, if  he  escapes  the  meshes  of  the  law,  the  greater 
the  Republican  liars  and  thieves  extol  him.  Look  the 
book  over,  and  see  if  lying,  robbing,  war,  blood,  and 
carnage  has  been  their  occupation,  and  that  being  their 
occupation,  one  who  does  the  most  of  it  is  the  best 
man.  Under  the  second  term  of  Grant  the  whisky 
ring  was  in  successful  operation.  (Read  the  Whisky 
Ring).  Barbarians  always  have  wanted  some  one  to 
worship.  You  will  know  barbarians  by  that  low  trait; 
and  they  idolized,  and  deified,  and  apotheosized  the 
little  man  with  little  brains.  Such  is  barbarism  in  ev- 
ery age  and  nation.  Why  did  Hayes  get  the  office  of 
President  ?  We  know  no  good  that  the  greatest  fraud 
on  the  earth  has  ever  done.  He  always,  when  in  Con- 
gress, voted  for  every  subsidy  and  swindle  that  was  up 
before  the  house,  and  he  committed  the  greatest  crime 
that  has  ever  been  perpetrated.  He  stole  the  Presiden- 
cy. Samuel  J.  Tilden  was  elected  President,  and  the 
infernal  black  Republicans  cheated  him  out  of  it,  and 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  took  an  active 
part  in  it.     There  is  no  honor,  or  sense,  or  shame,  or 


7o6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

morals,  or  conscience,  or  soul  in  that  black  Republican, 
codfish,  tartarean  aristocracy.  Why  will  any  man  vote 
for  that  party  .f*  No  reason  can  be  given.  Try,  and  you 
will  see.  The  next  President  that  the  hydras  elected 
was  Garfield.  He  did  not  remain  President  long;  a 
crank  shot  him,  because  he  could  get  no  office  from 
him.  He  was  not  killed,  but  lingered  some  months. 
He  was  shot  in  the  back;  the  ball  touched  the  spinal 
chord.  He  suffered  greatly,  perhaps  more  than  any 
man  for  many  years,  and  died  in  the  end  of  blood  pois- 
oning. And  many  have  thought  that  his  physicians 
made  a  bungling  business  of  his  case.  He  had  much 
to  do  in  swindling  Tilden  out  of  the  presidency,  and 
other  swindles.  The  black  Republican  barbarians  de- 
ified him,  as  they  always  do.  They  must  show  their 
barbarity. 

In  1870  the  capital  of  the  factories  was  2,118,208,- 
769  dollars;  in  1880  it  was  2,790,272,606,  which  is  an 
increase  14.4  per  cent,  in  six  years;  2,790,272,606  by 
14.4  equals  401,760,000  plus  2,790,272,606;  and  we 
have  the  capital  of  the  factories  for  1886,  which  is  3,- 
191,760,000;  divide  by  3  for  to  get  33!  per  cent.,  and 
we  get  the  sum  $1,063,920,000,  the  stealings  for  the 
year  1886. 

The  whole  production  for  1886  of  the  factories  is 
about  6,000,000,000,  the  337:3  stealings  on  that  is  1,500,- 
000,000,  which  is  2,2) /i  P^^  cent,  of  the  remainder 
4,500,000,000  and  1,500,000,000  by  22 1^,  the  per 
cent,  of  the  merchants'  profits  on  the  stealings  (as 
shown  before),  and  we  get  $337,500,000;  which  the 
people  had  to  pay  the  merchants  for  profits  on  the 
33 /i  P^^  cent,  stealings  the  factories  took  or  stole  ;  we 
say  stole. 

BANKERS    STOLE. 

They  have  about  $350,000,000  at  4  per  cent,  which 
is  $14,000,000  yearly. 

RAILROADS. 

To  120,000  miles  of  railroad  watered  stock,  $40,000 
to  the  milC;  as  shown  before,  $120,000  by  40,000 
equals  4,800,000,000  at  8  per  cent,  a  year,  and  we  get 
384,000,000  dollars. 


THE    KNAVE    HAS    A    HARD    LIFE.  707 

TELEGRAPH    LINES. 
To  $60,000,000  watered  stock  at  40  per  cent,  is  .  .  .  .    $      24,000,000 

Banks  as  above 14,000,000 

Merchants'  profits  of  factory  stealings 337,500,000 

Tariff  33 1/3  per  cent,  stealings  as  above 1,063,920,000 

Railroad  stealings  as  above 384,000,000 

Yearly $1,822,920,000 

Divide  by  365  days  in  a  year,  and  we  get  $5,002,- 
500  daily;  and  if  we  add  the  stealings  of  the  army 
and  navy,  which  you  can  see  as  follows:  33,250  men 
at  800  dollars  stealings  to  each  man,  that  is  33,250 
men  by  800,  and  we  get  ^26,600,000,  which  added  to 
the  above  182,200,000  by  26,600,000  and  we  have 
$1,848,600,000,  and  divide  by  365  and  we  get  over 
$5,000,000.  The  reason  we  calculate  the  capital  of 
the  factories  is,  because  we  have  no  census  for  1886, 
and  no  doubt  it  is  nearly  correct.  What  think  you  of 
the  egregious  thieves  ? 

BLACK    REPUBLICAN    STEALINGS,  CASH,    IN    24    YEARS. 

To  stealing  40  per  cent,  on  the  war  contracts,  on  3,- 

000,000,000,  $5,000,000,000  by  40  per  cent.  is.  .$    2,000,000,000 

To  selling  3,000,000,000  Government  Bonds  at  half 

price  ;  half  of  3,000,000,000  is 1,500,000,000 

To  stealing  forage  and  provision  from  the  South.. .  .  500,000,000 

To  $800,  on  33,250  soldiers  on  each,  which  they 
stole  and  squandered  for  one  year,  it  is  $26,600,- 
000  for  24  years  it  is 638,400,000 

Bankers  had  the  use  of  about  $500,000,000  at  6  per 

cent.,  is  $30,000,000,  24  years  it  is 600,000,000 

W.  T.  Co.  to  60,000,000  watered  stock  at  40  per 

cent,  is  24,000,000  a  year;   for  20  years  is 480,000,000 

To  300,000,000,  of  land  given  away  to  railroads  at 
$10  per  acre 3,000,000,000 

High  Tariff  33^''3  per  cent,  too  much  sepage 17,807,908,320 

To  merchants'  profits  on  the  same 5,169,494,838 

To  watering  stock  on  railroads,  120,552  miles,  at 
$40,000  per  mile  water,  at  8  per  cent.,  and  it  is  a 
year  $385,766,400;  and  for  15  years  it  is .       5,786,496,000 

To  stealing  in  the  great  whisky  ring 14,967,907 

To  Central  and  Union  and  Pacific  Railroads,  25  per 
cent,  on  $50,000,000  gross  receipts  is  $12,500,000 
and  for  20  years  it  is 250,000,000 

To  river  and  other  monopolies,  navigation 1,052,000,000 

To  wasting  and  stealing  $50,000,000  a  year  for  24 

years,  and  it  is  in  Government 1,200,000,000 

And  we  get  the  immense  sum  of $40,000,000,000 


7o8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

Which  is  forty  billions,  or  the  same  forty  thousand 
millions.  The  reader  will  notice  that  on  the  railroads 
we  do  not  take  the  full  time,  24  years,  as  they  were 
not  all  built,  and  we  take  the  number  of  years  to  make 
a  fair  average.  And  still  the  stealing  is  continuing 
of  over  five  million  dollars  every  day.  Examine  care- 
fully ;  read  till  you  know  it ;  read  the  tariff  five  times. 

The  Black  Republican,  infamous,  codfish  aristocrats 
first  desire  is  for  his  master.    You  notice  he  is  a  slave, 
history  proves  that,  and  any  person  can  see  that  too. 
His  desire  is  for  his  party,  that  is  first  with  him,  he 
ignores  reason,  discards  sense,  and  goes  for  party,  he 
does  not  hesitate  to  consider,  he  does  not  think,  he  on- 
ly knows  master  and  party,and  any  command  from  them 
is  obeyed  instantly.     He  has  no  principles  of  his  own, 
in  politics,  he  follows  the  slimy  trail  of  his  vile  party, 
his  desire  is  to  follow  and  obey.     And  if  the  infamous 
thieves  and  "flagitious  liars  should  form  a  new  party, 
he  would    march  into  line  in  double  quick  time.     He 
is  a  tool,  a  parasite,  a  machine,  a  lackey,  fit  for  any  trea- 
son, strategy  and  spoil  his  party  should  be  engaged  in. 
He  assists  in  any  tartarean  scheme  his  masters  con- 
coct.     He  has  but  little  care  for  his  own  interest,  his 
party  and  masters  absorb  his  attention,  but  party  is 
paramount  with  him ;  he  is  all  attention  to  the  inter- 
est of  his  master,  he  is  his  devoted  slave,  he  steals  the 
whole  country  and  gives  it  all,  for  nothing,  to  his  mas- 
ter.    See  the  bill ;  40  billions  stolen  and  given  to  the 
vile  thieves  and  robbers  ;  and  now  five  millions  they  are 
stealing   daily.     See   the  bill ;  there  is  no  end  to  their 
stealing,  and   that  is  all  that  there  is  of  them.     Try  if 
you  can  find  anything  else.    That  is  their  sole  vocation. 
He  belongs  to  his  party  body  and  soul,  ready  to  obey 
their  slightest  beck  or  nod,  his  master  and  party  is  his 
god.      He   knows   nothing  of  politics,  only  what   his 
masters  say,  his  business  is  to  obey.     He  is  a  miserable 
tool   to   use  for  vile  and  tartarean  purposes,  and  is  al- 
ways ready  to  work  for  party  ;  he  does  not  care  for  pos- 
terity, the    rising  generation   may  go  to   Erebus  for 
what  he  cares   for   them.     He   does   not  care  for  his 


THE    KNAVE    HAS    A    HARD    LIFE.  7O9 

country,  he  gives  it  to  his  masters.  He  has  no  reason- 
ing powers,  he  does  not  cultivate  them,  when  he  wants 
to  know  a  matter  he  asks  his  masters,  he  ignores  right, 
he  is  a  barbarian;  he  has  no  morals;  he  has  no  prin- 
ciples politically ;  he  is  the  slave  of  party,  and  it  is  for 
the  good  of  the  country  that  he  becomes  extinct,  as  he 
is  the  drag-net  to  honest  government.  He  is  dishon- 
est in  politics,  and  may  heaven  protect  us  from  the 
perpetuation  of  such  vile  miscreants  and  mean  barba- 
rians, and  may  the  Creator  assist  us. 

We  are  sorry  that  truth  and  justice  compelled  us  to 
draw  such  a  gloomy  and  Stygian  picture  of  the  black 
Republican  thief  and  liar,  serf  and  slave,  fool  and 
knave,  but  iiistory  proves  it.  You  will  be  convinced 
after  reading  this  book  carefully  over  and  over  again, 
that  the  powers  of  Pandemonium  must  help  the  imps. 
Democracy  is  the  reverse  of  bad  government.  It  is 
but  a  youth,  yet  the  earth  has  been  inhabited  probably 
from  one  to  two  hundred  thousand  years,  and  nearly 
all  this  time  it  has  been  ruled  with  a  rod  of  iron,  by  a 
lying,  stealing,  robbing  aristocracy.  They  have  plun- 
dered, enslaved,  took  the  earnings  of  the  laborer,  and 
left  but  a  tithe  for  him  to  preserve  life  on  ;  he  has 
been  kept  as  a  tool  for  a  villainous  aristocracy.  (Read 
history.)  Every  person  knows  that  is  true,  but  they 
are  destined  to  be  superseded  by  a  real  democracy,  that 
is,  the  workingmen.  They  are  getting  the  film  off  their 
eyes  ;  they  are  having  sense  ;  and  they  are  calculating 
to  rule  this  mundane  sphere.  We  have  had  diabolical 
government  too  long.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  working- 
man  to  '\m.u^\xr2i\.Q  honest  gov  ernme7iL  The  infamous 
aristocracy  has  had  the  helm  a  long  time,  and  made 
miserable  work  of  it.  If  we  want  honest  govenmteiit, 
we  must  not  let  cheats,  liars,  swindlers,  knaves,  and  fools 
rule  us  any  longer;  it  is  time  to  make  a  change  ;  if  we 
do  not,  we  will  be  lost,  as  former  nations  have  been,  by 
the  saurians  and  destructive  aristocracy,  and  they  will 
ruin  every  government  that  they  are  suffered  to  rule. 
What  are  the  governments  of  the  world  today  but  an 
effete  aristocracy,  and  it  will  end  in  horrible  butchery 


7  TO  THE^WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

if  the  workingman  does  not  rule.  Aristocracy  has 
been  found  to  be  ruinously  destructive,  and  found  mis- 
erably deficient  in  good  qualities  to  manage  an  honest 
nation.  (Says  an  author,  progress  is  succeeded  by  pov- 
erty.) Aristocracy  is  a  disease,  a  lingering  disease, 
that  is  certain  death  to  a  nation,  if  not  cured,  and  it 
has  seldom  been  cured,  and  yet  it  is  easily  to  be  cured  ; 
but  it  is  like  the  tape-worm— it  must  be  radical  measures 
adopted  that  can  effect  a  cure ;  but  if  it  is  not  cured,  it 
certainly  ends  the  life  of  a  nation,  and  the  patient  dies  in 
agony,  distress,  emaciation  and  inertness.  The  cure  is 
to  take  office  from  them,  so  as  to  prevent  them  from 
stealing,  and  they  will  starve,  as  they  will  not  work. 

DEMOCRACY LABOR  KNIGHTS. 

May  28th,  1886,  the  Knights  of  Labor  had  a  meet- 
ins:  at  Cleveland,  Ohio.  After  transactingr  business 
pertaining  to  the  Order,  they  passed  the  following  res- 
olutions, which  look  like  business  and  to  the  point. 
We  notice  that  the  resolutions  were  presented  in  the 
nature  of  defnands  to  Congress.  This  may,  or  may  not 
be  the  right  procedure  : 

First.  That  patents  for  public  lands  be  given  to  act- 
ual settlers  only. 

Second.  That  all  lands  owned  by  individuals  or 
corporations  in  excess  of  100  acres,  whether  improved 
land  or  unimproved,  shall  be  taxed  to  the  full  value  of 
unimproved  land. 

Third.  Calling  for  the  immediate  forfeiture  of  all 
land  grants  where  the  conditions  of  the  grant  have  not 
been  complied  with. 

Fourth.  Asking  that  patents  on  land,  where  the 
conditions  have  been  complied  with,  be  issued;  pat- 
ents will  be  issued  forthwith,  and  taxation  take  effect 
on  it  at  once. 

Fifth.  Calling  for  the  removal  of  fences  from  the 
public  domain. 

Sixth.  That  after  1890  the  Government  shall  by 
jiurchasc  and  by  right  of  domain,  obtain  possession  of 
all  land  now  held  by  aliens. 

Seventh.  That  after  i886aliens  shall  be  prohibited 
from  acquiring  title  to  land. 


THE    KNAVE    HAS    A    HARD    LIFE.  7II 

Eighth.  Asking  the  abolition  of  all  laws  requiring 
property  qualifications  for  voters. 

Ninth.  Requesting  the  passage  of  a  law  levying  a 
graduating  income  tax. 

Tenth.  Protesting  against  cutting  clown  of  appro- 
priations for  the  Labor  Bureau. 

Eleventh.  Asking  for  the  passage  of  bills  approved 
by  the  labor  committee. 

Twelfth.  Asking  for  the  passage  of  a  law  prohib- 
iting the  employment  in  mines,  shops,  factories,  etc., 
of  minors  more  than  eight  hours  a  day.  Resolved, 
that  we  will  hold  responsible  at  the  ballot  box  all  the 
members  of  Congress  who  neglect  or  refrain  from  vot- 
ing in  compliance  with  these  demands.  (That  is  the 
ring  of  true  metal.) 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  general  assem- 
bly that  the  occupation  of  the  bribe-giver  and  bribe-taker 
should  be  destroyed.  To  do  this,  it  will  be  necessary  to 
educate  those  who  suffer  most  through  bribery  and  cor- 
ruption, that  is  hurtful  to  the  country's  welfare  to  give 
or  take  a  bribe.  We  say  more  stringent  laws  should 
be  passed,  punishing  the  vile  reptiles  who  give  bribes 
or  offer  them,  and  that  one  witness  should  be  sufficient 
to  convict. 

It  appears  that  by  the  census  of  1880  17,392,099 
persons  were  engaged  in  all  occupations;  7,670,493 
were  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits ;  in  manufactur- 
ing, and  mining,  and  mechanical  industries  there  were 
3,837,112  persons  engaged ;  in  trades  and  transporta- 
tion, unprofessional  and  professional  occupations,  there 
were  4,074,238  engaged.  There  are,  or  will  be,  in 
1888  about  12,000,000;  6,000,000  will  be  a  majority 
of  the  vote.  Notice  that  the  workingmen  have  the 
staff  in  their  own  hands;  and  if  they  have  as  much 
sense  as  a  silly  goose,  they  will  attend  to  their  own  in- 
terest, and  push  the  lying  and  thieving  black  Repub- 
lican aristocracy  into  oblivion,  and  stop  their  stealing. 
Workingmen,  do  you  see  that  you  have  command  of 
the  situation  ?  None  but  egregious  simpletons  would 
allow  the  thieves  to  steal  so  long.     See  the  bill,  and 


712  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

five  millions  daily  now.  The  black  Republicans  are 
the  greatest  fools  in  the  world  ;  they  are  giving  their 
living,  their  country,  their  happiness,  and  labor,  and 
their  hearts'  blood  away  to  an  infamous  pack  of  vil- 
lainous thieves,  and  all  the  property  is  fast  going  into 
the  hands  of  a  degraded  and  treacherous  thieves  ;  and 
if  a  few  have  the  property,  they  will  make  the  many 
serfs  and  slaves.  About  one  in  twelve  is  getting  near- 
ly all  the  property  that  is  made  in  the  United  States, 
and  they  will  make  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of 
water  of  the  many.  None  but  a  simpleton  would  give 
his  all  to  his  greatest  enemy.  The  black  Republican 
codfish  aristocrat  hates  the  workingman,  and  he  fears 
him  at  the  same  time ;  he  has  stolen  so  much  from  the 
poor  workingman,  and  the  thieves  fear  that  the  work- 
ingman begins  to  see  the  infernal  villainy,  so  he  fears 
and  hates  the  workingman.  We  say  to  the  working- 
man,  You  must  hate  the  thief  who  stole  your  property. 
Can  you  have  respect  for  a  man  who  continually  steals 
your  property,  and  always  has  stolen  your  property  ? 
We  cannot  see  how  an  honest  and  sensible  man  can 
do  otherwise  than  hate,  detest,  abhor,  and  abominate 
the  thief  who  steals  his  labor,  and  then  tells  him  that  he 
is  his  friend  and  protector.  Shame ;  none  but  an  infa- 
mous brute  would  enslave  his  own  flesh  and  blood,  and 
race  and  kindred,  as  the  lying  and  cheating  black  Re- 
publicans are  doing  this  day,  and  always  have  done 
since  man  has  been  on  this  vale  of  tears.  They  are 
the  Bohon  Upas  of  this  terrestrial  sphere. 

We  have  mentioned  that  the  black  Republican 
thieves  and  robbers  gave  away  to  their  pets  nearly 
three  hundred  million  acres  of  land,  and  that  was  the 
best  land  of  the  government,  and  we  also  said  for  what 
they  gave  the  land  away.  Thieves  gave  to  thieves  to 
enrich  them,  and  they  are  to  help  lie,  rob.  steal  and 
plunder.  In  that  manner  they  intend  to  keep  in 
power  by  corrupting  the  people.  They  say  openly  that 
there  is  no  honest  man;  this  they  do  to  corrupt  the 
people.  A  more  degraded,  and  infamous,  and  nefar- 
ious set  of  villains  never  lived  in  any  country.     Some 


THE    KNAVE    HAS    A    HARD    LIFE.  713 

of  the  stolen  lands  are  now  beinsf  discroro-ed.  The 
Commissioner  restored  an  immense  tract  of  land  in 
Nebraska,  that  they  have  been  in  possession  of  for 
many  years,  also  the  Kansas  Pacific  900,000  acres,  and 
the  Union  Pacific  1,250,000  acres.  These  lands  will 
afford  farms  for  20,000  families;  and  also  the  Commis- 
sioner has  about  20,000,000  acres  wrongfully  held  by 
the  infernal  thieves,  which  he  will  restore  to  the  gov- 
ernment: so  the  Democrats  have  saved  this  year,  1886. 
An  example  of  this  is  seen  in  the  reports  from  that 
notorious  domain  of  intrenched  fraud  and  rascality,  the 
Star  Route  Service.  But  the  reports  now  are  of  an  op- 
posite character  from  previous  ones  ;  now  saving  $300,- 
000,  then,  robbing  and  stealing.  The  riot  of  thieves 
are  stopped  for  a  time,  and  we  hope  will  never  again 
be  opened.  It  now  appears  that  honest  government 
is  installed  ;  may  it  be  perpetual.  We  say  to  the  work- 
ingman.  Take  your  turn  at  the  helm  of  government, 
it  will  never  be  honestly  administered  until  you  run 
the  car  of  Stale,  so  prepare  yourself  for  the  change.  If 
the  people  were  honest  and  attentive  to  their  interest, 
these  black  Republican  thieves  would  never  get  a  seat, 
and  they  never  should  have  a  show.  They  do  nothing 
but  steal  the  people's  money,  giving  land  away,  and 
none  would  be  returned  only  for  the  Democrats — 37 
46,  47  and  Sg}4  percent,  on  the  capital  of  the  manu- 
factories, telegraphs,  a  swindle,  railroads,  watered  stock, 
banking,  an  infernal  fraud,  war  and  national  debt. 
And  we  must  say,  that  a  man  cannot  be  an  honest  man 
who  upholds  such  a  lying,  stealing,  robbing  party. 
No  good  citizen  can  vote  the  infernal,  if  he  knows 
what  he  is  doing.  He  who  is  dishonest  in  politics,  is 
certainly  dishonest  in  business  matters. 

A  newspaper  article  says  of  this  government :  "  It 
represents  a  civilization  which  works  for  the  good  of 
the  many.  The  people  of  this  country  hold  that  any 
system  of  government,  any  organization,  that  tramples 
and  keeps  down  the  many,  that  the  few  may  flourish — 
as  in  Ireland  and  England  today — which  makes  the 
many  go  hungry  that  the  few  may  feast,  is  wrong    in 


714  THE    WORFCINfGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

theory,  and  vicious  in  its  practice.  Our  government 
is  a  government  of  the  people,  and  we  believe  in  ex- 
tending the  same  privilege  to  other  communities." 
The  above  quotation,  that  is,  the  last  sentence  of  it, 
is  an  egregious  error,  and  it  appears  strange  to  us  that 
the  press  should  ignore  the  fact  about  this  government. 
The  truth  of  the  matter  is,  that  this  government  is  not 
a  government  of  the  people ;  strictly  speaking,  it  is 
an  infamous,  lying,  cheating,  stealing,  robbing  aristoc- 
racy. The  form  of  the  government  is  democratic,  but 
the  practice  of  it  is  infamous  and  villainous  oligarchy; 
and  why  the  press  does  not  correctly  inform  the  peo- 
ple we  cannot  tell,  but  so  it  is.  About  one-twelfth  of 
the  voters  take  nine-tenths  of  the  profits  that  is  made 
yearly,  and  the  eleven-twelfths  have  to  take  the  one- 
tenth  that  is  left.  Is  that  a  government  of  the  people  ? 
Free  negroes  and  white  slaves,  four  millions  serfs  and 
slaves,  fools  and  knaves  ;  five  millions  of  dollars  stolen 
daily.  Is  that  a  government  of  the  people.''  And  four 
millions  willing  sepoys,  making  slaves  of  their  own 
flesh  and  blood,  and  their  race,  and  the  fools  got  noth- 
ing for  it.  Poor  fools  they  are  !  And  is  that  a  govern- 
ment of  the  people }  No ;  we  say  it  is  a  venomous 
and  rancorous  aristocracy,  that  is  consuming  the  vitals 
of  the  people,  sucking  their  life-blood.  See  the  bill. 
Nearly  eighty  billions  of  dollars  stolen  from  the  people 
in  twenty-five  years,  that  is,  with  interest,  and  we  are 
entitled  to  interest;  it  is  the  law  of  the  land;  all  have 
to  pay  it,  and  why  sJiotdd  thieves  be  exei7ipt  ?  Who  can 
give  a  reason  they  should  not  pay  interest .?  Read 
and  examine  the  bill  carefully.  In  society  some  are 
good,  and  some  are  bad ;  some  want  honest  govern- 
ment, and  some  corrupt  government.  The  four  mil- 
lions sepoys,  serfs  and  slaves,  fools  and  knaves,  are  a 
corrupt  horde  of  villainous  tools,  that  are  used  to  rob, 
plunder,  and  enslave  the  people.  They  are  an  igtio- 
rant  horde  of  barbarians. 

The  workino:man  is  honest  ;  he  sfives  more  than  a 
hundred  cents  on  the  dollar  for  what  he  gets.  The 
aristocrat  docs  not  give  two  cents  on   ever)'  dollar  he 


THE    KNAVE    HAS    A    HARD    LIFE.  715 

gets.     He  lives  by  stealing,  lying,  cheating,  robbing, 
plundering,    and    defrauding    the    workingman.     He 
gets  his   money  by  class  legislation,  by  deceiving  the 
people  ;  he  is  a  sponge.     He  lives  on  the  labor  of  his 
fellow  men.     He   is   worse   than   the  brutes ;  they  do 
not  do  so.      He  is  a  maculation  on  the  body   politic. 
The  laboring  man  is  an  important  factor  in  the  world, 
the  first  great  and  useful  being  in  every  nation.    With- 
out him,  all  is  zero  and  barbarity.     He  is  the  atlantes 
who  upholds  the  world,   and  he  upholds  civilization. 
And  can  any  reason  be  given  that  he  shall  not  rule  ? 
None  at  all.     The  leech  will  say  he  is  not  fit  to  rule. 
We  ask,  Who  is  the  aristocrat  ?     He  has  made  the 
very  worst  work  of  ruling,  and  he  should  be  turned 
out   to  grass.     He  has  done  nothing   but  lie,  cheat, 
swindle,  steal,  rob  and  plunder,  and  why  keep  the  in- 
fernal drone  any  longer  to  rule  ?     He  has  made  pov- 
erty,   pauperism,    distress,    misery  and   starvation    in 
the  world.     He  has  been  a  moth,  a  corruption,  a  gan- 
grene,   a  putrification  on    the  people.     He  has  been 
a  damage  to  his  race  and  kindred ;  a  disgrace  to  the 
human  species.     It  would  have  been  better  that  the 
incubus  had  never  been  born.      He  is  a  cancer  on  the 
community,  of  the  most  virulent  type,  that  produces 
pain,  anguish  and  death.     They  have  destroyed  every 
civilization  where  they  have  existed,  and  now  will  des- 
troy this  country,  unless  the  laboring  men  take  the 
government  in  their  own  hands.     And  the  lying,  thiev- 
ing,   black    Republican,   codfish   aristocracy  are    now 
stealing  five  millions  dollars  a  day  ;  no  candid  man 
will  deny  that.    See  the  bill.    We  will  ask  a  good  mem- 
ber of  society  if  it  is  right  to  suffer  a  hoard  of  merci- 
less marauders  and  predaceans  to  steal  five  millions 
of  dollars  a  day,  and   fold  our  arms  and  look  silently 
on,  and  make  no  offer  to  stop  it.     All  must  say  that 
those  who  assent  to  the  theft  are  as  bad  as  the  thieves. 
We    sa}'-  to  the  workingman,  Do  not  allow  the  infa- 
mous plunderer    to  take  the  fruits  of  your  labor.     It 
makes  you  poor  and   miserable,   and  does  no  person 
any  good.     The  thief  is  no  benefit  to  society,  and  the 


7i6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

sooner  this  stealing  is  stopped,  the  better.  Millions 
of  tramps,  roaming  over  the  country,  and  daily  more 
are  made.  $5,000,000  takes  the  property  of  6,000  in- 
dividuals. Thousands  of  tramps  made  daily  by  the 
dragons. 

An  editor  of  a  newspaper  says  labor  is  king,  (a  bad 
appellation).  We  dissent  from  that  title.  "  A  king  is 
a  chief  ruler,  a  sovereign  invested  with  supreme  au- 
thority over  a  nation,  tribe  or  country  ;  usually  by  in- 
heritance, hereditary  succession  ;  a  monarch,  a  ruler." 
— Webster.  This  definition  does  not  give  the  true 
character  of  the  laborer.  A  king  is  all  self  ;  he  knows 
no  person  but  himself;  he  is  all  for  the  king  ;  he  lies, 
cheats,  steals,  robs  for  the  king;  he  steals  from  the 
poor  and  gives  to  the  rich,  to  gain  them  to  his  inter- 
est. He  makes  the  rich  richer,  and  the  poor  poorer, 
all  for  to  give  him  more  power.  He  is  a  moth  to  the 
community  ;  he  is  a  drone,  eating  and  devouring  the 
produce  of  the  people ;  he  is  a  destructive ;  he  is  a 
traitor  to  the  people  ;  he  is  a  tyrant,  a  despot,  a  preda- 
cean,  a  damage  to  his  race;  the  greatest  evil  the  coun- 
try can  be  cursed  with  ;  a  pauper-maker,  an  abnormal 
thing,  only  found  where  the  people  are  politically  ig- 
norant and  barbarous  ;  the  idol  of  fools  and  the  deity 
of  fanatics;  the  producer  of  poverty,  distress,  war,  un- 
happiness,  and  a  thousand  evils  too  numerous  to  men- 
tion. He  is  the  god  of  aristocracy.  They  would  like 
to  see  him  rule  here,  and  a  standing  army  of  a  hun- 
dred thousand  men — yes,  five  times  that ;  but  we  can 
tell  Mr.  Aristocracy,  you  better  not  make  the  first 
move.  You  will  be  restricted  to  the  four  million  serfs 
and  slaves  ;  they  will  go  with  you  to  Erebus.  But 
there  are  millions  that  will  not  follow  the  cheats, 
swindlers  and  liars,  and  four  millions  will  not  be  suf- 
ficient to  fasten  that  octopus  on  the  people.  We  say 
no  king  will  consent  to  have  labor  called  king.  The 
workingmen  are  opposed  to  a  king ;  intelligence, 
sense,  reason,  justice,  morality  are  all  opposed  to  the 
octopus ;  but  the  four  milHons  would  like  to  have  him 
to  worship  with  their  golden  calf ;  they   naturally  go 


POLITICS.  717 

together.  It  has  always  has  been  so.  Gold-worship- 
pers, aristocracy,  kings  and  slaves  and  serfs  go  hand 
in  hand  as  of  old,  and  they  have  a  numerous  horde  of 
parasites,  lackeys,  drones  and  imps  following  in  their 
train.  And  we  say  to  the  white  Republicans,  Do  not 
go  with  the  lying,  cheating,  swindling,  stealing,  rob- 
bing predaceans  ;  they  have  stolen  nearly  all  the  prop- 
erty in  the  country,  and  if  you  do  not  put  a  stop  to  it, 
your  children  and  posterity  after  them  will  be  bonds- 
men, ryots,  helots,  plebeians,  serfs  and  slaves  to  the  de- 
mons. 


CHAPTER  XLVII. 

POLITICS. 

Thieves  have  always  lived  among  the  inhabitants  of 
the  earth,  and  first  they  stole  the  liberty  of  man.  Much 
was  done  by  persuasion,  and  then  force  was  resorted 
to.  So  you  have  seen  that  man  has  been  a  slave  and 
serf  to  man  from  the  beginning  of  Government  to  this 
day.  But  man  had  to  have  assistance  to  make  slaves, 
he  had  to  have  aid  to  make  serfs  of  man.  And  he 
easily  acquired  them,  as  said  before,  and  those  who  as- 
sisted were  the  greatest  slaves.  Some  received  pay, 
and  many  did  not.  As  population  increased,  offices 
were  created  to  bribe  some  of  the  slaves  with,  and  as 
government  became  complex  more  offices  were  creat- 
ed, till  now  we  have  many  times  as  many  as  needed. 
Then  came  the  standing  army,  that  was  intended  to 
make  slaves  of  the  people.  The  infernal  black  Re- 
publicans want  the  standing  army  increased  now ;  then 
came  national  debt  as  a  natural  result  to  pay  the  sol- 
diers, and  heavy  taxation  ;  then  came  the  infernal  tar- 
iff to  rob  the  people  ;  then  came  the  banks,  a  vile  swin- 
dle, that  is  banking  on  the  people's  money,  and  a  dia- 
bolical aristocracy  having  the  profits  of  it,  all  made  to 
rob  the  people  ;  then  came  the  railroads,  a  great  ne- 
cessity transferred  into  an  infernal  swindle.  Five  bil- 
lions watered  stock  to  rob  the  workingman  of  his  wages; 
then  came  monopoly  of  all  kinds,  an  abominable  and 


71 8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

evil  use  of  money  ;  then  came  Telegraph  Companies, 
a  wonderful  discovery  used  by  diabolical  knaves,  and 
cheats,  and  vile  thieves  for  their  own  benefit  and  to  rob 
the  people.  And  we  have  not  noticed  the  land  mo- 
nopoly, which  gives  the  workingman  no  place  to  stand, 
sit,  or  lay  down,  or  be  buried  on ;  that  is  the  check 
mate  of  the  stygian  Asmodeans.  These,  all  but  land 
monopoly,  are  useful.  We  have  said  that  we  compre- 
hend the  situation,  and  you  that  wish  to  will  find  it  so. 
We  are  in  the  predicament  of  a  man  who  has  much 
work  to  do  with  teams,  and  has  many  wild  horses  to  do 
it  with.  If  he  undertakes  to  do  the  work  with  those 
animals  immediately,  he  will  make  a  miserable  failure 
of  it.  He  will  first  have  to  break  his  horses,  and  have 
them  perfectly  under  his  control,  and  we  's>2cj  perfectly 
2i7ider  his  control ;  then  he  can  do  his  work,  and  not  un- 
til then.  Now  it  is  for  the  interest 'of  the  thieves  that 
the  horses  be  not  broke  to  use  by  the  people,  and  the 
infernal  codfish  black  imps  oppose  to  have  them  broke, 
and  the  Democracy  will  break  those  horses.  Those 
horses  are  very  easily  broken,  wild  as  they  appear ;  all 
we  want  is  men  enough  to  handle  them,  and  why  is  it 
that  we  have  not  help  enough.'^  It  is  for  their  interest 
to  break  those  horses ;  it  is  ruin  or  prosperity  with  the 
men;  if  they  break  the  horses,  then  they  can  get  well 
paid  for  their  labor,  and  the  nest  of  robbers  and  thieves 
will  be  broken  up.  If  the  horses  are  not  broken,  then 
then  they  will  be  slaves  to  an  infernal,  purse-proud 
aristocracy,  who  hate  them,  and  will  task  and  work 
them,  and  give  them  a  sheep's  head  and  pluck  a  day, 
and  have  them  lay  under  a  cart  at  night.  Now,  work- 
ingman, you  can  understand  the  situation.  It  is  this : 
These  engines  the  Erebus  hounds  have  been  using  to 
transfer  the  property  to  their  own  coffers  must  be  re- 
stricted, so  as  to  be  a  benefit  to  all  alike.  You  have 
the  power  and  you  have  the  right  to  do  so.  The 
courts  have  so  decided,  and  you  have  the  numbers  to 
do  it.  All  you  have  to  do  is  to  unite,  and  the  work 
is  easily  and  quickly  done.  Now,  when  you  see  a 
man  or  a  set  of  men  in  favor  of  going  with  a  third 


POLITICS.  719 

party,  express  your  opinion  freely  and  immediately — 
they  are  aristocrats,  that  wish  to  take  you  to  Davy 
Jones.  You  must  take  possession  of  the  Democratic 
party.  You  are  naturally  Democrats ;  you  are,  in 
fact,  the  Democratic  party.  And  you  must  be  deter- 
mined to  win,  and  you  will.  Do  not  think  that  this 
great  work  will  be  done  in  a  short  time.  You  will 
have  much  talking  to  do,  to  your  friends  and  neigh- 
bors. Now,  we  say  again,  this  is  your  only  salvation. 
If  you  do  not  wish  to  do  so,  we  will  all  go  to  destruc- 
tion. Now,  can  you  tell  what  use  it  was  to  vote  for 
Spooney  for  President  .f*  Any  fool  should  know  bet- 
ter. Divide,  and  you^are  conquered  ;  unite,  and  vic- 
tory is  certain.  When  you  find  a  man  lukewarm, 
talk  to  him  calmly.  You  will  soon  find  out  if  the  poi- 
sonous and  venomous  cobras  have  had  their  fangs  in 
his  carcass.  Then  you  will  have  the  numbers  to  point 
the  finge-r  of  shame.  Do  not  be  afraid  to  speak  the 
truth.  That  will  prevail  at  some  time  in  the  future, 
if  not  immediately.  Stay  with  the  Democratic  party, 
and  they  will  stay  with  you.  You  want  the  same 
thing — honest  government ;  and  why  shall  we  not  have 
it  ?  Go  for  it,  and  it  will  be  yours.  But  one  great 
thing  is  in  the  road,  which  you  will  have  to  ride  over 
with  your  car  of  progress.  That  is  the  four  million 
thieves.  They  are  the  same  as  sworn  enemies  of  hon- 
est government.  Watch  those  robbers.  Read  this 
page  again. 

it  has  been  said  by  some  fools  that  a  social  contract 
had  been  made  for  all  time  between  the  rulers  and  the 
ruled  ;  that  the  rulers  should  always  be  masters  of  the 
country  they  ruled.  We  have  said  that  no  contract  was 
made,  but  a  few  aristocrats  met  and  agreed  what  should 
be  law,  and  what  should  not  be  law.  And  what  if  the 
contract  was  made — which  is  perfectly  absurd  ?  We 
would  not  be  bound,  morally,  to  do  what  the  barbarian 
infernal  savages  contracted.  The  truth  shows  plainly, 
that  the  people  had  nothing  to  do^with  government 
originally,  as  they  were  not  recognized  as  a  factor  in 
government  for  tens  of  thousands  of  years.     Even  in 


720  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

feudal  times  they  were  not  thought  to  be  considered 
to  have  a  voice  in  government,  and  to  this  day  in  Rus- 
sia, Turkey,  Persia,  China,  Japan,  and  benighted 
Africa  they  are  not  considered  a  fraction  in  govern- 
ments. And  we  are  justified  in  concluding  that  they 
who  first  made  laws  made  them  for  their  own  protec- 
tion, and  their  own  interest.  But,  says  a  fool,  they  did 
not  make  laws  for  their  own  interest.  We  know  he  is 
ignorant  of  history,  which  proves  that  in  nineteen 
cases  out  of  twenty  they  done  as  they  thought  was  for 
their  interest,  and  the  fool  will  see,  if  he  ever  takes  the 
pains  to  examine  history.  If  they  did  not  rule  for 
their  own  interest,  they  intended^  to,  and  did  not  what 
was  for  their  interest;  so  we  will  leave  the  fool  to 
have  his  own  opinion,  and  he  will  have  it,  right  or 
wrong.  He  is  inclined  to  oppose,  contend  and  argue. 
So  we  will  let  the  fool  alone,  and  say  as  the  proverbs 
say :  "  Seest  thou  a  fool  ?  he  is  wiser  in  his  own  con- 
ceit, than  seven  wise  men,  who  can  render  a  reason." 
No  man  in  business  would  suffer  any  person  by  hook 
or  crook,  or  by  circumvention,  or  machiavelism,  take 
37  per  cent.,  46  per  cent.,  and  47  per  cent,  out  of  his 
earnings,  without  finding  a  great  deal  of  fault,  and  he 
would  not  tolerate  it.  And  none  but  the  four  millions 
of  thieves  would  help  the  primitive  thieves  to  steal  that 
much  from  themselves,  and  the  people,  and  give  it  to 
a  horde  of  infernal  scamps  for  nothing  but  party  spirit 
gratification.  But  that  is  the  per  cent,  the  manufac- 
turers made  on  their  capital ;  and  the  thieves  and 
the  fools  say  Hurrah  for  our  party  ;  we  have  won  the 
day.  So  they,  you  can  see  plainly,  are  for  stealing,  rob- 
bing, and  cheating  the  people  out  of  47  per  cent.,  46 
per  cent,  and  37  percent,  on  their  capital.  Working- 
man,  why  will  you  bear  such  stealing.'* 

A  child  has  been  kept  six  weeks  in  prison,  in  de- 
fault of  sureties,  as  witness  to  appear  against  one  who 
had  assaulted  her.  This  gentleman  has  been  cheated 
out  of  half  of  his  property,  but  dare  not  attempt  to  re- 
cover it  for  fear  of  losing  more;  while  his  less  prudent 
companion   can  parallel   the  experience  of  him   who 


r 


POLITICS.  721 

said  that  he  had  been  only  twice  on  the  average  of 
ruin;  once  when  he  had  lost  a  lawsuit,  and  once  when 
he  had  gained  one.  On  all  sides  you  are  told  of 
trickery,  and  oppression,  and  revenge  committed  in 
the  name  of  justice  ;  and  of  wrongs  endured  for  want 
of  money  wherewith  to  purchase  redress;  of  rights 
unclaimed,  because  contention  with  a  powerful  usurper 
was  useless  ;  of  chancery  suits  that  outlasted  the  suitors  ; 
of  fortunes  swallowed  up  in  settling  a  title  of  estates 
lost  by  an  informality.  And  then  comes  a  catalogue 
of  victims  of  those  who  have  trusted  and  been  de- 
ceived. Of  gray  headed  men,  whose  hard  earnings 
went  to  fatten  the  attorney;  threadbare  and  hollow- 
cheeked  insolvents,  who  lost  all  in  the  attempt  to  get 
their  due.  Some  who  had  to  subsist  on  the  charity 
of  friends  ;  others  who  had  died  the  death  of  a  pauper ; 
with  not  a  few  whose  anxieties  had  produced  insanity, 
or  who,  in  their  desperation,  had  committed  suicide. 
Yet,  whilst  all  parties  echo  each  other's  exclamations 
of  disgust,  these  iniquities  continued  unchecked. 
There  are  not  wanting  men,  however,  who  defend  this 
state  of  things  ;  who  actually  argue  that  government 
should  perform  but  imperfectly  what  they  allow  to  be 
its  special  functions;  and  on  the  other  hand  they  ad- 
mit that  the  administration  of  justice  is  the  vital  ne- 
cessity of  civilized  life;  and  they  maintain  that  on  the 
other  hand,  justice  maybe  administered  too  well.  For 
say  they,  that  if  law  was  cheap,  all  men  would  be  liti- 
gating continually.  Did  there  exist  no  difficulty  in 
obtaining  justice,  it  would  be  demanded  in  every  case 
of  violated  rights.  Ten  times  as  many  appeals  would 
be  made  to  the  authorities  as  now.  Men  would  rush 
into  legal  proceedings  on  the  slightest  provocation, 
and  litigation  would  be  so  enormously  increased,  as 
to  make  the  remedy  worse  than  the  disease.  Such 
arguments  prove  that  men  will  argue  anything,  how- 
ever absurd  it  may  be.  But  if  ten  thousand  litiga- 
tions are  worse  than  so  many  injustices,  then  one  liti- 
gation is  worse  than  one  injustice. 

So  we  ostensibly  perceive  that  law  is  a  lottery,  where 

46 


722  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

the  use  of  filthy  lucre  wins.  A  man  of  great  wealth 
can  do  a  vile  act,  and  nothing,  or  but  little,  is  said 
about  it ;  but  if  a  person  in  common  circumstances 
should  do  the  like,  it  would  be  sounded  and  bellowed 
all  over  the  countr)^  Yes,  a  millionaire  could  go 
anv  day  in  the  street  and  shoot  down  a  poor  man, 
without  any  provocation,  and  he  would  not  be  pun- 
ished to  any  great  extent.  The  forms  of  the  law  would 
be  noticed,  but  it  would  be  mere  mockery  of  justice. 
So  if  a  rich  man  owes  a  poor  man,  and  if  it  is  neces- 
sary to  resort  to  law.  he  will  not  get  his  due.  This  is 
the  result  with  aristocracy.  We  say  again,  Do  not 
demean  yourself  so  low,  as  to  pay  respect  to  mere 
wealth.  True  worth  only  should  command  respect. 
And  orreat  wealth  should  be  looked  down  on  with  sus- 
picion,  as  it  is  generally  acquired  by  dishonest  means, 
and  commonly  a  damage  to  the  people.  An  editor 
of  good  standing  said.  We  have  no  use  for  millionaires. 
And  we  sincerely  ask  the  working  man  to  maintain 
his  dignity,  and  not  to  look  up,  but  look  down,  on 
great  wealth.  It  is  the  infernal  engine  that  the  dia- 
bolical, black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  intend 
to  employ  to  overthrow  this  great  government.  So 
we  say  to  the  workingman,  Despise  aristocracy,  and 
you  will  do  to  them  as  they  do  to  you.  Yes,  they 
abominate  and  detest  and  abhor  and  hate  and  despise 
the  workingman,  but  at  the  same  time  they  fear  him, 
and  they  have  reason  (and  they  know  it).  Because 
they  have  stolen  billions  of  dollars.  We  know  what 
we  say,  they  have  stolen  billions  of  dollars  from  the 
workingmen.  Yes,  they  have  stolen  many  times  more 
from  the  workingmen  than  the  world  is  worth 
this  day.  And  they  have  ruled  the  world  for  tens  of 
thousands  of  years,  and  kept  the  workingman  in  pov- 
erty, misery,  want,  distress,  pain  and  pauperism  all 
this  time.  Now  we  say  to  the  workingman,  it  is  high 
time  that  you  ruled  this  telluric  sphere.  And  if  you 
regard  your  rights  and  welfare,  you  will  take  posses- 
sion of  the  government  soon.  You  have  been  fools 
too  long.     Assert  your  rights  and  privileges,  demand 


POLITICS.  723 

them,  and  you  will  obtain  them.  You  have  been 
maintaining,  at  an  immense  expense,  a  vast  horde  of 
brutes  and  expensive  drones,  that  were  of  no  use  to 
you,  and  that  kept  you  poor.  We  ask  you  to  strike 
for  liberty,  and  discard  slavery. 

Democracy  is  the  neplus  ultra  of  government ;  it  is 
equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men.  It  is  as  the  black 
Republican  said,  we  want  honest  government;  and 
we  cannot  have  honest  government  when  the  majority 
of  the  people  are  dishonest,  degraded  and  corrupt,  in- 
famous, vile  and  villainous.  As  the  people  are,  so  is 
the  government.  Take  the  government  when  first  es- 
tablished after  the  Revolution  :  The  people  were  near- 
ly equally  divided  into  two  parties,  the  one  party  for  a 
strong  and  consolidated  and  corrupt  government ;  the 
other  for  a  free  government,  representative  in  princi- 
ple. They  were  then,  as  now,  for  an  honest  govern- 
ment. In  looking  back,  we  think  that  it  was  strange 
that  so  many  men  should  be  for  a  corrupt  government. 
The  founder  of  that  corruption,  Hamilton,  said  open- 
ly, that  a  government  was  impracticable  unless  it  was 
corrupt.  They  knew  of  no  other  way  to  govern  peo- 
ple, only  by  force,  fraud  and  corruption.  Jefferson  had 
another  mode  to  govern  men.  His  was  reason  and 
justice  and  sense,  and  equal  and  exact  justice  to  all 
men,  and  truth  and  honesty.  The  infernal  corruption- 
ists  came  near  engrafting  their  diabolical  tenets  on  our 
government,  and  we  must  tell  you  the  Belials  have 
not  given  it  up  yet ;  and  they  never  will  until  the 
workingman  lays  them  on  the  shelf,  ticketed  extinct, 
that  is,  give  them  no  office.  You  may  as  well  put  a 
dozen  grizzlies  in  the  pasture  with  your  hogs,  as  to 
put  an  Erebus-deserving,  black  Republican  brute  in  of- 
fice— yes,  better,  it  would  not  be  half  so  bad.  Now  we 
have  had  an  infamous,  black  Republican,  corrupt  pack 
of  villains  in  office  twenty-four  jears,  and  it  has  been 
the  most  degraded  and  corrupt  government  that  ever 
was  in  this  or  any  other  country.  The  Davy  Jones 
have  depended  on  bribery  and  corruption  ;  that  is  the 
mode  they  have  carried  the  elections,  and  when  that 


724  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

was  not  sufficient  they  bought  up  the  officials  Hke  cat- 
tle in  the  market,  they  bought  them  from  the  lowest  to 
the  highest  official  station.  There  is  no  use  to  men- 
tion when,  or  who,  or  where ;  every  fool  knows  that 
bribery  and  corruption  was  rife,  rampant,  rank,  and 
ranging  exuberantly  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and 
every  egregious  simpleton  knows  that  no  secret  was 
made  of  it.  Think  of  the  bribery  and  corruption  that 
has  been  practiced  in  this  State,  Mr.  Black  Republican 
scamps,  and  think  if  you  do  not  deserve  to  be  banished 
from  all  human  society  forever.?  And  what  did  they 
do  at  the  Presidential  election  in  1876?  It  was  by 
bribery  and  corruption  that  Hayes  was  elected,  and 
they  all  knew  it,  and  did  you  hear  one  in  a  thousand 
of  the  infernals  find  any  fault  with  it  ?     No. 

We  say  again,  that  there  is  nothing  too  low,  mean  or 
degraded  but  they  will  do  it  if  is  for  their  interest,  and 
the  law  does  not  singe  them.  They  are  an  inferior 
class  of  people,  morally,  in  politics,  and  he  who  is  dis- 
honest in  politics,  is  dishonest  in  business.  Every  per- 
son of  any  sense  knows  that  a  black  Republican  is  a 
dishonest  scamp  and  villain  in  politics,  and  as  we  said 
before,  he  is  the  same  in  business  ;  and  we  must  reiter- 
ate, they  are  an  inferior  class  of  men.  The  superior 
class  of  men  are  certainly  for  a  superior  kind  of  gov- 
ernment, and  an  inferior  class  of  men  oppose  the  best 
government.  That  is  so  all  the  world  over.  Barbari- 
ans do  not  desire  a  Democratic  government,  they  are 
for  despotisms  of  some  kind.  Look  at  the  despotisms 
of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa — ^just  like  black  Republi- 
canism:  Rob,  lie,  steal,  plunder,  cheat,  swindle  the 
people  ;  and  the  common  people  do  not  care  what  the 
rulers  do,  they  do  not  find  fault.  So  with  a  black  Re- 
publican fool ;  does  he  find  any  fault  ?  The  Asmo- 
dcans  give  300,000,000  acres  of  land  away  for  nothing, 
and  for  no  use  :  does  a  black  infernal  find  any  fault  ? 
Their  Congress  transferred  the  government  mortgage 
on  their  railroad,  second  to  a  bogus  mortgage  of  the 
railroad.  Does  any  black  scamp  find  any  fault  ?  This 
was  the  most   infernal  act  that  was  ever  done  in  this 


POLITICS.  725 

country.  And  the  infamous  fools  and  slaves  have  a 
tariff  act,  enabling  the  factories  to  make  47,  46,  and  37 
per  cent,  on  their  capital ;  and  did  the  fools,  knaves, 
serfs  and  slaves  say  a  word  against  it  ?  The  corpora- 
tions about  trebled  their  capital  in  twenty-four  years 
or  more(we  will  look  at  this  again),  and  the  people  lost 
money  and  the  infernal  black  Republican  fools  and 
slaves  said  not  a  word.  The  Government  gave  the 
banks  money  to  do  business  with  ;  the  people  lost,  and 
the  bankers  won,  but  the  infernals  were  still  mum. 
The  railroad  watered  their  stock  five  billions,  and  the 
people  had  to  pay  interest  and  dividends  on  that  ficti- 
tious stock,  and  the  black  serfs  and  slaves  were  as  si- 
lent as  death.  Black,  how  do  you  like  the  picture? 
And  the  railroads  do  not  pay  their  taxes,  and  the  Dem- 
ocrats endeavor  to  collect  them,  and  the  black  Repub- 
lican infernal  tartareans  assist  the  railroads  with  cor- 
ruption. The  Democrats  fail ;  that  is  on  account  of 
the  railroads  using  bribery  ;  the  Democrats  are  foiled 
in  collecting  the  taxes. 

The  railroads  charge  from  twenty-five  to  fifty  per 
cent,  too  much  for  freights  and  fares.  The  Democrats 
endeavor  to  reduce  it.  The  tartarean  four  million 
strong  all  go  for  high  freights  and  fares,  and  the  road 
bribe  officers,  and  defeat  the  Democrats  in  the  attempt 
to  lessen  freights  and  fares,  and  the  diabolical  scamps 
thought  they  did  smart  acts  in  these  two  last  measures. 
If  this  does  not  excel  all  folly  and  infernal  infatuation 
that  Beelzebub  has  ever  done,  than  we  would  like  to 
hear  what  can  parallel  the  schemes.  We  should  like 
to  know  if  such  tartarean,  and  stygian,  and  diabolical 
fools  have  ever  been  in  the  world  before  them.  We 
say  they  are  the  greatest  fools  the  world  ever  saw. 
But  there  is  no  justice  in  one  party  giving  all  their 
property  to  the  aristocracy  for  nothing,  but  the  great- 
est and  tartarean  infamy  is,  that  they  rob  the  Demo- 
crats also  of  their  property,  and  give  it  to  their  lords 
and  masters.  We  say  with  the  poet,  "  Heaven,  pro- 
tect us."  But  with  being  fools,  they  unite  the  crimes 
of  beine    the  g-reatest    liars,  thieves    and  robbers  the 


726  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

world  ever  produced.  They  have  stolen  in  twenty- 
four  years  more  than  the  country  is  worth,  and  poor 
slaves,  gave  it  all  to  their  lords  and  masters.  But  near- 
ly two  hundred  millions  of  acres  of  land  that  the 
thieves  gave  to  the  railroads  is  forfeited  to  the  gov- 
ernment, on  account  of  non-performance  of  contract, 
and  the  Democrats  passed  a  resolution  that  it  should 
revert  back  to  the  government,  but  the  Senate  did  re- 
fuse to  pass  it,  and  the  railroads  keep  the  land.  Who 
can  tell  what  possesses  the  fools  to  act  so }  They 
work  against  their  own  interest  and  against  the  inter- 
est of  the  country,  and  the  fools,  and  liars,  and  thieves, 
and  robbers  get  nothing  by  it,  that  is,  the  rank  and 
file  of  the  four  million:s  fools,  and  serfs,  and  slaves  ;  and 
their  children,  and  children's  children,  and  posterity 
after  them,  will  be  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  wa- 
ter for  generations  to  come.  Now  the  reason  that 
these  fools  act  so  is,  that  they  are  degraded  barbarians. 
If  a  mechanic  intended  to  construct  a  good  wagon,  the 
first  work  that  he  would  do  is  to  get  good  materials, 
that  is,  good  timber  and  iron,  and  if  he  could  not  get 
them,  then  he  could  not  build  a  good  wagon  ;  and  so 
of  any  machine,  tool,  building,  engine,  header,  furni- 
ture, and  the  like.  And  if  the  article  was  made  out 
of  poor  material,  it  would  be  of  but  little  account;  so 
with  government.  No  good  government  could  be  es- 
tablished with  miserable,  bad,  and  infamous  and  infer- 
nal reptiles,  and  diabolical  and  tartarean  thieves,  and 
liars,  and  robbers,  and  assassins.  As  the  materials 
were,  so  would  be  the  government.  And  inversely, 
if  the  government  was  bad,  it  would  go  to  show  that 
the  material  was  poor,  and  of  no  use  for  the  purpose. 
So  the  government  we  have  had  in  this  great  country 
for  the  last  twenty^four  years  has  been  the  most  infa- 
mous, vile,  degraded  and  infernal  that  the  world  has 
ever  tolerated.  Read  the  two  last  pages,  and  that  will 
give  you  a  tithe  of  an  idea  what  the  Erebus-deserving, 
tartarean  bloodhounds  have  done.  Now  by  their  work 
they  must  be  judged,  and  that  work  proves  them  to  be 
brutes  and  worse  than   brutes — infernal  scamps,  that 


POLITICS.  727 

have  no  souls,  no  feelings,  no  reason,  no  sense,  no  care 
what  they  did,  no  shame,  no  sympathy,  no  love  for 
their  kith  and  kin.  They  must  have  their  reward  for 
doing  such  stygian,  flagitious  and  destructive,  villain- 
ous work.  The  greatest  difficulty  we  have  in  proving 
the  destructive  and  vicious  work  of  these  black  Belials 
is,  that  it  looks  to  be  unreasonable  that  a  party  should 
be  so  destitute  of  feeling,  reason  and  sense,  as  to  give 
such  a  fine  country  away  to  a  pack  of  stygian,  Erebus- 
deserving  scamps.  But  we  tell  you  they  have  given 
the  country  away — poor  fools  !  They  now  can  be 
slaves  and  serfs  all  their  lives.  Nearly  all  the  money 
rnade  in  the  last  twenty-four  years  went  into  the  hands 
of  the  scamps,  only  a  tithe  the  people  got.  Taking  all 
the  common  people  together,  they  did  not  make  any- 
thing. A  few  made,  and  many  lost,  so  take  it  alto- 
gether, the  people  made  nothing.  Their  number  in- 
creased but  their  property  did  not ;  but  poor  men  in- 
creased in  numbers.  Can  it  be  possible  that  the  in- 
fernal destructives  are  satisfied  with  their  diabolical 
work  .-^  Can  it  be  possible  that  the  demons  have  any 
thought  of  what  ruin  and  misery  and  desolation  the}^ 
have  made  ? 

We  will  say  to  the  Democrats,  do  all  you  can  to  keep 
these  infernals  out  of  office;  you  might  rather  have 
tigers,  and  hyenas,  and  coyotes,  and  skunks  by  the 
hundred  on  your  premises,  as  to  have  these  cannibals 
and  man-eaters  in  office.  Think  of  it.  nearly  all  the 
property  in  the  hands  of  reptiles,  that  have  no  souls, 
no  principles,  no  feeling  for  the  human  race,  no  sense, 
no  reason  ;  and  the  worst  of  the  matter  is,  they  think 
they  are  smart,  and  have  an  overweening  opinion  of 
thei*  mental  qualities.  They  have  no  sense  of  their 
predicament;  they  think  that  they  know  everything; 
that  is  the  way  the  diabolical  thieves  befool  them,  by 
flattering  them,  and  making  them  believe  they  are  ex- 
perts— and  no  greater  fools  ever  lived.  Is  a  man  a 
wise  man,  or  a  fool,  who  will  be  flattered  by  a  drone, 
to  give  his  country  away  ?  In  the  last  twenty-four 
years    the    property    of  the  country    has    more    than 


^2^)  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

doubled,  but  it  all  has  gone  into  the  hands  of  scamps 
and  villains;  that  is,  the  increase.  Now,  if  the  fools 
should  give  their  propert}^  away,  and  no  other,  we 
could  tolerate  it.  But  they  give  the  property  of  nine- 
tenths,  or  more,  of  the  people  away  to  a  vile,  and  in- 
fernal, and  rancorous  aristocracy,  and  they  give  it  to 
one-twelfth  of  the  people — miserable  fools,  and  thieves, 
and  serfs,  and  slaves.  Now,  one-twelfth  of  the  people 
own  about  nine-tenths  of  the  property,  and  the  same 
infernal  work  is  continuing  to  amass  the  property  in 
their  hands  more  and  more.  And  this  has  been  done 
by  class  legislation,  and  there  is  no  hope  of  stopping 
it,  as  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  is  black  as  Ere- 
bus, and  oppose  everything  that  is  honest  and  just,  and  * 
rob,  steal  and  plunder  the  people.  We  call  on  the 
workingmen  to  unite,  and  drive  every  thief  out  of  office, 
and  establish  good  government.  Do  you  want  to  be 
free  men  .?  If  you  do,  then  unite  and  drive  the  drones 
out  of  the  hive,  and  do  not  let  a  black  Republican  have 
any  office.  The  black  Republican,  infernal,  codfish 
aristocracy  cannot  administer  good  government.  How 
can  pure  water  come  from  a  foul  and  nasty  spring  ;  it 
cannot,  nor  can  good  government  come  from  the  in- 
fernal black  Republicans.  We  may  as  well  expect  a 
tiger  to  lay  down  with  the  lamb,  and  the  coyote  to  herd 
your  turkies.  The  nature  of  the  black  Republican 
will  show  out ;  they  have  always  stolen,  and  always  will. 
We  are  growing  better,  but  it  is  a  slow  growth. 
We  wish  there  was  more  honor  in  the  people.  If 
there  was,  such  stealing  would  not  last  a  year.  The 
worst  sisrn  of  the  times  is,  that  no  fault  is  found  with 
lying,  and  stealing,  and  robbing,  and  that  is  confined 
almost  entirely  to  the  demons,  black  Republicans. 
They  do  not  appear  to  care  what  becomes  of  the 
country,  if  they  only  have  the  offices.  They  are  an 
infernal,  inferior  class  of  men,  who  have  no  souls,  and 
no  more  fit  to  exercise  the  right  of  suffrage  than 
lirebtis  is  for  a  aynamitc  factory.  The  Government 
at  present  is  as  much  damage  as  benefit.  The  Gov- 
ernment helps  the  aristocracy  to  steal  about  two  bil- 


PONTICS.  729 

lions  of  dollars  a  year  from  the  people,  or  more, 
and  we  ask  if  the  Government  is  worth  two  billions  of 
dollars  a  year  to  the  people.  What  do  you  think  of 
the  matter?  But,  says  the  man  who  is  not  posted,  can 
we  not  stop  the  stealing  of  the  two  billions  of  dollars 
yearly  ?  We  cannot  say.  We  know  of  but  one  mode 
of  stopping  it,  that  is,  the  workingmen  unite,  and  not 
put  any  black  Republican  scamp  in  office.  They 
never  were  in  office  but  what  they  passed  laws  to  steal, 
and  rob  the  just  earnings  from  the  workingman.  Now 
why  cannot  the  workingmen  unite,  for  the  honest  pur- 
pose of  keeping  the  thieves  from  stealing  their  labor, 
as  the  thieves  do  unite  and  organize  to  steal  the  just 
earnings  of  the  workingman  ?  We  say  to  the  work- 
ingman, Unite  and  organize,  and  stop  this  vile  black 
Republican  infernals  taking  your  earnings.  You  are 
making  all  the  money  that  is  made  in  the  world,  and 
you  get  a  tithe  of  it ;  the  thieves  take  nine-tenths  of  it. 
Why  not  unite  and  have  the  whole  of  it  ?  You  have 
been  fools  too  long.  Have  sense  and  claim  your 
own,  and  be  an  independent  and  free  man.  You  are 
certainly  entitled  to  your  rights;  and  the  fruits  of  your 
labor  is  the  first  right.  Why  do  you  let  a  man-eater 
take  your  own  heart's  blood,  your  labor,  from  you  } 
We  beseech  you  to  be  a  man,  and  stop  this  robbing 
and  stealing.  What  sense  is  there  in  tolerating  a 
thieving  set  of  villainous  scamps,  in  taking  your 
money  from  you,  and  leaving  ^^ou  poor  indeed,  and 
you  not  resenting  it  .-^  Have  you  no  gall,  no  spirit.? 
Rise  up,  and  shake  off  your  indifference,  and  put  on 
an  armor  of  vigilance  and  determination,  and  take 
your  proper  station  at  the  head  of  State  affairs.  The 
honey  bee  has  set  you  an  example,  and  wh}'-  should 
you  be  less  circumspect  than  the  busy,  little,  industri- 
ous bee  ? 

Some  think  that  the  government  was  instituted  to 
protect  the  people,  but  in  politics  they  know  noth- 
ing. They  do  not  know  the  Alpha  and  A,  B,  C  in 
State  matters.  Government  was  instituted  to  rob  and 
steal  the  laboring  man's  just  earnings,  and  protect  the 
thief  in  those  ill-gotten  gains.     Government  does  not 


730  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

protect  labor.  An  infernal  set  of  thieves  have  control 
of  the  government,  and  make  class  laws  to  rob  the 
workingman  of  his  heart's  blood,  and  with  the  ma- 
chinery of  a  vile  and  wicked  government  they  extract 
it  from  his  coffers,  and  he  does  not  know  how  it  is 
done.  And  the  most  the  government  does  is  to  pro- 
tect the  thief  in  his  infernal  stealing  and  robbing.  We 
have  talked  with  several  black  republican  thieves,  and 
slaves,  and  serfs,  and  found  them  to  be  the  most  igno- 
rant in  politics  of  the  people  in  the  country.  They 
know  nothing  of  the  swindling  tariff,  are  entirely  ig- 
norant of  the  unjust  and  usurious  banking  system, 
who  bank  with  the  people's  money,  and  the  black  Re- 
publican fools  do  not  know  it.  Now,  we  can  tell  you, 
all  the  black  Republican  serfs  and  slaves  know  is  to 
steal  from  themselves  and  from  the  Democrats,  and 
give  it  to  tartarean  and  Erebus-deserving  black  Re- 
publican, codfish  aristocracy;  and  it  all  has  to  come 
out  of  the  workingman,  he  has  to  pay  for  all.  And  if 
you  tell  the  black  infernal  that  the  corporations  are 
stealing  on  the  tariff  47  per  cent.,  46  per  cent,  and  37 
per  cent,  by  their  own  showing,  he  will  insult  you  by 
saying  to  you,  that  if  you  had  an  opportunity  you 
would  take  the  same  per  cent.  So,  you  see,  that  if  you 
feel  aggrieved  that  your  hard  earnings  are  stolen  from 
you,  and  tell  one  of  the  thieves  that  it  is  too  bad  to  be 
robbed  in  that  manner,  he  will  insult  you  for  your  stat- 
ing your  honest  convictions.  We  have  been  insulted 
in  that  manner  several  times.  What  shall  we  do  .-^ 
Heaven  protect  us.  The  robbers  and  thieves  are  tak- 
ing billions  of  our  property  yearly,  and  if  the  shoe 
pinches,  and  we  state  what  we  know  is  wrong,  we  are 
insulted,  abused,  slandered,  vilified,  and  made  a  ninny 
of  by  a  liar,  a  thief,  robber,  villain  and  scoundrel.  It 
is  hard  to  be  robbed,  and  if  we  find  fault,  to  be  abused 
in  the  bargain.  Such  is  the  villainy  of  the  infernal 
barbarians.  That  they  are  barbarians,  there  is  no 
doubt.  They  always  have  been  barbarians,  and  they 
never  have  changed,  and  tlien  they  must  be  the  same 
still.  They  are  still  for  the  same  barbarism,  rob,  steal 
and  pluiickT  in  |)()h'tics. 


RIGHTS.  731 


CHAPTER  XLVIII. 

RIGHTS. 

It  is  not  the  government  that  can  make  money  for 
the  people;  they  have  to  work  for  their  Hving.  But 
the  government  can  steal  from  Peter  and  give  it  to 
Paul,  or  rob  the  people  and  give  it  to  the  infamous 
and  infernal  aristocracy,  which  they  have  been  doing 
for  the  last  twenty-four  years.  About  all  the  money 
made  clear  and  profit,  the  aristocracy  pocketed  ;  the 
common  people,  or  the  mass  of  the  people,  made  noth- 
ing; some  few  made  a  little,  and  others  lost  it.  So 
you  can  set  down  that  all  of  the  money  made  went 
into  the  coffers  of  the  villainous  and  insatiate  aristoc- 
racy. Now,  workingman,  this  is  a  sad  picture  for  you, 
but  it  is  the  truth  ;  about' all  the  money  made  clear  went 
into  the  strong  boxes  of  the  black  Republican  infer- 
nals.  We  advise  the  workingman  to  claim  his  rights. 
But,  says  the  four  million  fools,  what  are  his  rights.'^ 
They  are  that  he  shall  not  be  robbed  by  class  legisla- 
tion. One  man  has  no  right  to  rob  another,  and  the 
government  which  was  established  to  protect  the  peo- 
ple has  no  right  to  pass  laws  to  transfer  most  all  the 
property  into  the  possession  of  a  few.  That  few  have 
four  millions  of  vile  serfs  and  slaves  to  rob,  steal,  cheat, 
plunder  and  filch  the  hard  earnings  from  the  working- 
man  to  the  black  Republican  infernals.  No  voter  has  a 
right  to  vote  the  property  of  another  man  away;  he 
has  no  moral  right  to  vote  his  own  property  away  fool- 
ishly, much  less  that  of  others.  No  man  has  a  right 
to  sell  himself  or  children,  or  any  other  men  or  chil- 
dren into  slavery.  He  has  not  the  right  to  sell  or  bar- 
ter his  own  liberty  away ;  that  is  a  right  that  is  inal- 
ienable, not  to  be  transferred.  No  man  has  a  right  to 
vote  subsidies  to  railroads,  or  any  other  corporations, 
no  more  than  he  has  to  say  that  such  a  man  shall  give 
money  to  build  a  road  for  any  corporation ;  and  no 
man  has  a  right  to  do  any  act  that  unnecessarily  in- 
jures his  fellowman.     But  the  infernals  take  all  the 


732  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

money  in  the  country.  Much  is  said  about  dynamite, 
and  some  fools  are  using  it,  to  the  detriment  of  their 
personal  or  political  enemies.  We  have  advised  the 
workingmen  to  have  nothing  to  do  with  such  work  ; 
we  cannot  see,  nor  no  one  can  see  how  any  good  can 
result  from  such  acts,  and  it  is  certain  no  good  can  be 
done  in  that  manner.  But  we  will  say  that  the  Dem- 
ocrats have  cause  for  a  general  revolution.  And  the 
demons  gave  away  300,000,000  acres  of  land,  which 
they  had  no  right  to  do.  General  Jackson  vetoed  the 
bill  granting  the  Marysville  road  a  subsidy,  but  not  so 
large  as  the  infernal  Belials  give.  This  proves  that 
the  Democrats  did  not  give  subsidies.  They  said  it 
was  unconstitutional,  and  so  it  is.  Let  the  working- 
men  claim  that  it  is  unconstitutional,  and  let  their 
motto  be  that  all  those  gifts  are  unconstitutional,  and 
they  will  carry  their  point.  So  with  money ;  the  rail- 
roads owe  the  government  about  ^125,000,000.  That 
gift  is  also  unconstitutional,  as  it  is  of  the  same  nature 
with  the  others,  and  the  railroads  will  never  pay  those 
gifts  or  property  loans.  They  do  not  intend  to.  The 
whole  party  will  unite  in  opposing  payment ;  they  are 
a  unit,  when  they  can  injure  and  destroy  the  country. 
Now  we  will  give  the  wealth  of  some  of  the  ancient 
kings  and  rich  men.  It  is  taken  from  the  Examiner 
of  San  Francisco,  who  took  it  from  the  New  York 
World.  First  on  the  list  is  King  Solomon,  the  Ithy- 
phalic  who  is  reputed  to  have  had  over  four  billions 
left  him  by  his  father,  to  build  the  temple  of  Jerusalem. 
And  it  is  said,  even  at  his  accession  to  the  throne,  he 
was  worth  eight  billions  of  dollars,  and  it  was  estimat- 
ed that  his  annual  income  was  three  billions  of  dollars 
yearly.  Was  he  satisfied }  O  no.  Was  ever  such  a 
scamp  satisfied  ?  He  was  the  greatest  monopolist  in 
the  world  ;  he  monopolized  all  trades.  Now  we  can 
see  that  we  are  growing  some  better,  as  no  such  im- 
mense wealth  is  used  to  monopolize  all  the  business. 
y\nd  the  beast  and  tyrant  was  master;  his  Jews  were 
his  slaves,  and  his  ipsi  dixit  was  law  and  gospel  with 
them. 


'  RIGHTS.  733 

We  hear  much  said  in  ancient  lore  and  story  of  the 
immense  wealth  of  Croesus,  king  of  Lydia;  he  was 
accounted  worth  two  billions  of  dollars.  He  was  a 
great  conqueror  and  butcher,  he  robbed  every  person 
he  could.  He  gave  fifteen  millions  donation  to  a 
church.  Next  comes  Alexander  the  Great.  We  shall 
call  him  the  butcher,  he  was  a  great  barbarian,  (you 
will  read  it  in  the  book).  It  is  horrible,  it  is  a  shame 
to  call  him  great.  His  wealth  was  great.  He  got  it 
it  as  the  black  Republican  thieves,  and  liars  and  rob- 
bers got  theirs,  by  robbery  and  theft.  All  the  differ- 
ence is,  Alexander  used  force ;  and  the  demons  resort 
to  that  sometimes,  when  they  forced  the  laborer  to  vote 
the  infernal  ticket ;  and  Alexander  butchered,  which 
the  demons  dare  not  do.  Alexander  brought  back 
with  him  from  Susa  and  Persia  alone  $800,000,000, 
and  at  his  death  he  must  have  been  worth  as  much  as 
three  to  five  billions.  All  this  was  robbed,  stolen  and 
forced  from  vanquished  nations.  Take  a  lesson  from 
this.  In  those  days  those  brutes  had  unlimited  power. 
Their  subjects  were  slaves,  and  obeyed  the  mandates 
of  their  masters  with  fear  and  trembling.  But  they 
were  no  greater  barbarians  and  slaves  than  the 
four  millions  liars  and  cheats  and  swindlers  and  fools 
that  have  not  half  the  excuse  those  ancient  slaves 
had  ;  who  are  doing  all  they  can  to  m^ke  some  mil- 
lionaire as  rich  as  Alexander,  Croesus  or  Solomon, 
but  we  hope  it  will  not  be  done,  as  it  takes  the  prop- 
erty of  a  thousand  men  to  make  a  millionaire.  It  takes 
the  property  of  eight  millions  of  men,  of  the  average 
property  in  the  United  States,  to  make  a  man  as 
wealthy  as  Solomon,  But  we  can  say  almost  posi- 
tively, that  the  aristocracy  of  Solomon  could  not  count 
as  many  dollars  as  this  Erebus  begotten  and  tartar- 
ean  deserving,  black  Republican,  codfish,  infernal  ar- 
istocracy can  count  today.  They  can  count  more 
than  thirty  billions,  and  the  tyrants'  aristocracy  could 
never  come  up  to  that.  Now  we  ask  the  men  of  to- 
day to  have  sense,  and  not  give  their  all  to  an  infernal 
aristocracy,  as  poverty  makes  paupers  and  slaves,  and 


734  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE.  * 

great  wealth  of  a  few  makes  poverty  of  the  many. 
There  is  but  forty  to  forty-five  bilHons  of  dollars  in  all 
property  in  the  country,  and  where  a  few  own  most  of 
it,  there  will  be  but  a  small  sum  for  each  of  the  others 
to  have.  Any  but  a  black  Republican  fool  can  see 
that,  and  he,  we  believe,  is  sworn  not  to  see  the  start- 
ling, and  woeful  and  distressing  fact.  Next  we  no- 
tice Ptolemy  Philadelphus.  He  was  a  bloated  bond- 
holder; he  weighed  four  hundred  and  fifty  pounds. 
He  married  his  own  grandmother  to  keep  the  wealth 
in  the  family.  His  private  purse  was  over  one  billion 
three  hundred  and  eighty  millions  of  dollars.  All  his 
property  must  have  been  from  four  to  five  billions  of 
dollars.  Next,  we  notice  a  Persian  named  Darius 
Histraspes.  His  income  yearly  was  a  billion  and  a 
half.  Augustus,  the  Roman,  inherited  ^181,458,303, 
and  he  increased  it,  in  a  Grant  &  Ward  manner.  His 
bath-houses  cost  over  ten  millions  of  dollars.  Lucullus 
next,  was  a  scholar,  and  he  lived  like  a  spendthrift.  No 
dinner  was  placed  on  his  board  that  cost  less  than  ten 
thousand  dollars.  That,  no  doubt,  was  public  dinners. 
Next,  we  notice  Jacques  Coeur;  he  raised  armies 
for  Joan  of  Arc.  He  lived  in  greater  magnificence 
than  any  of  the  nabobs.  He  had  a  stable  of  five  thou- 
sand horses.  He  beat  the  senator.  He  had  palaces 
at  nine  cities,  with  a  full  retinue  of  servants  all  the 
year.  He  was  worth  six  hundred  millions.  But  he 
came  to  a  bad  end ;  he  was  charged  with  poisoning 
the  king's  favorite  mistress,  Agnes  Sorel.  His  wealth 
was  confiscated,  and  he  died.  Antwerp  had  a  family 
worth  three  hundred  and  fifty  millions  of  dollars.  The 
Medicis  family  were  worth  three  hundred  millions  dol- 
lars. Two  Russian  brothers  worth  four  hundred  millions 
dollars.  The  Rothschilds  worth  six  to  seven  hundred 
millions  of  dollars.  The  Barings,  who  have  at  their 
command  instantaneous  three  hundred  millions  of  dol- 
lars. Claus  Spreckels  is  said  to  derive  five  millions 
a  year  from  his  sugar  plantations  in  the  Sandwich  Is- 
lands; he  is  a  monopolist,  has  an  army  of  niggers  to 
serve  him.     His  home  at   Honolulu  is  like  a  dream  of 


RIGHTS.  735 

a  Sybarite.  The  Czar  of  Russia  has  an  income  from 
his  personal  estate  of  ten  millions  of  dollars,  and  about 
as  much  salary.  The  Sultan  of  Turkey  has  a  salary 
of  six  millions  of  dollars,  and  his  private  income  is 
four  millions  of  dollars.  The  Emperor  of  Austria  is 
allowed  a  yearly  salary  of  twelve  millions  of  dollars. 
Queen  Victoria  is  worth  about  sixty  millions  of  dol- 
lars. Some  Englishmen  have  an  income  of  two  mil- 
lion dollars  a  year.  The  Duke  of  Portland  left  ten 
million  dollars  unentailed.  His  palace  was  construc- 
ted underground.  What  a  fool !  His  banquet  hall, 
ballroom,  riding  gallery,  and  any  number  of  guest 
rooms,  are  real  tunnels,  decorated  like  the  Arabian 
tales.  If  he  had  been  an  American,  his  family  would 
have  sent  him  to  the  asylum.  The  Duke  of  West- 
minster— his  income  is  incredible — said  to  be  over 
twenty-five  million  dollars  a  year.  The  Astor  family 
are  worth  eighty  millions  of  dollars.  Vanderbilt  was 
worth  two  hundred  millions  of  dollars.  Stewart  was 
worth  sixty  millions.  Jay  Gould  is  worth  one  hun- 
dred millions.  The  Chicago  packer  is  worth  is  fif- 
teen millions;  his  name  is  Armour.  Mackay  is  worth 
twenty  millions,  and  Fair  has  as  much.  Edwin  D. 
Morgan  has  thirty  millions.  James  G.  Bennett  fifteen 
millions.  Miss  Catherine  Wolfe  has  over  fifteen  mil- 
lions. Now  who  can  tell  what  good  there  is  in  it,  and 
what  harm? 

Workingman,  the  products  of  the  art  in  their  abun- 
dance and  luxuriance  is  yours.  And  why  tell  you 
that ;  because  you  appear  not  to  be  cognizant  of  it,  but 
you  must  know  that  it  is  yours;  you  fashioned  and 
produced  it ;  without  you  it  would  not  be,  and  you  do 
not  enjoy  it.  A  thief  has  furtively  transferred  it  to 
himself,  and  he  lives  on  the  fruits  of  your  labor  ;  he 
gives  suppers  costing  from  ten  to  forty  thousand  dol- 
lars, and  you  work  for  it,  and  it  is  time  this  infamous 
business  is  nipped  in  the  bud.  It  would  pass  in  the 
cave  period  when  men  were  like  brutes,  and  were  as 
serfs  and  slaves  to  a  few  lords,  as  Patriarchism  or  Feu- 
dalism; then  the  people  were  ignorant  and  barbarous, 


736  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

and  were  easily  enslaved  ;  they  knew  nothing  about 
free  government,  and  the  aristocrat,  lord,  or  patriarch, 
took  yearly  all  their  labor,  and  lived  in  venery,  lust  and 
licentiousness;  feasted  on  the  labor  of  the  working- 
man  ;  passed  their  nights  in  revelry  and  carousing,  and 
saturnalian  feasts,  and  midnight  orgies,  squandering 
the  hard  earnings  of  the  workingman,  which  he  has 
stolen  ;  living  in  mansions  costing  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  dollars  to  millions  of  dollars  for  some.  Go 
on  Nob  Hill,  and  see  the  walls  and  high  fence,  and 
magnificent  mansions,  that  did  not  cost  the  owners  a 
penny  (as  they  had  no  money  to  start  with).  The  gov- 
ernment gave  it  to  them  so  as  to  build  up  an  infernal 
and  corrupt  aristocracy,  that  would  bribe,  and  degrade, 
and  impoverish  you,  so  they  could  enslave  you.  And 
congressmen  were  bought  up  like  hogs  in  a  sty,  and 
they  taught  that  the  people  are  going  back  to  barbarism, 
where  they  are,  and  will  be  as  long  as  they  live.  And 
yet  the  people,  after  losing  nearly  all  their  property,  are 
perfectly  indifferent,  cool  as  a  fish,  and  find  no  fault. 
Sad  state  and  forebodings.  The  thieves  come  and  rob 
the  people  of  their  all — money,  cattle,  horses,  swine, 
sheep,  and  poultry,  and  take  their  wheat,  rye,  oats,  bar- 
ley, beans,  hay,  and  vegetables.  Workingman,  you 
should  cry  aloud  to  your  Creator  for  assistance  in  your 
sore  hour  of  travail  and  distress.  The  enemy  has 
taken  all,  and  left  nothing  for  your  faithful  wife  and 
yourdear  little  children;  they  are  starving  and  cryingfor 
bread,  and  yet  the  four  millions  of  thieves  are  having 
their  political  meetings,  and  shouting  for  the  infernal  old 
black  Republican,  barbarian,  codfish,  aristocratic  party, 
and  many  of  them  have  nothing  to  eat.  We  cannot 
make  it  look  natural  to  us,  that  the  workingman 
gives  his  labor  away  to  an  infernal  thief.  But  says  the 
four  million  thieves,  and  serfs,  and  slaves,  we  do  not 
give  our  labor  away  to  any  persons.  What  is  giving  a 
lying  scamp  and  merciless  villain  37  per  cent,  on  his 
cajMtal,  but  giving  your  labor  away.?  A  black  Repub- 
lican thief,  and  slave,  and  proletariat  is  the  greatest 
fool  in  the  world  ;  no  parallel  can  be  found  to  such  in- 


RIGHTS.  737 

fatuation.  Why  will  they  be  such  fools  as  to  work  for 
drones,  and  cheats,  and  liars  ?  We  say.  Attend  to  your 
interest ;  save  your  money  ;  be  industrious,  and  sav- 
ing, and  honest,  and  when  you  work  for  a  cheat,  and  a 
lying  aristocrat,  be  sure  and  do  good  work ;  let  there 
be  no  cheating  and  swindling  on  your  side  ;  be  sure 
that  all  lying,  stealing,  cheating,  swindling,  and  rob- 
bing is  on  the  infernal  aristocrat's  side.  A  Democrat 
does  not  lie,  and  rob,  and  steal  in  politics  nor  business. 
It  is  the  business  of  a  black  Republican  to  lie,  cheat,  rob, 
steal  and  swindle;  he  lives  by  it,  and  always  has  done 
it ;  he  will  not  work  ;  he  will  starve,  if  he  should  live 
by  the  sweat  of  his  brow. 

Now,  workingman,  will  you  continue  to  keep  these 
infernal  brutes  in   idleness,  luxury  aud  magnificence, 
at  an  enormous  expense,  and  keep  yourself  poor  and 
needy,  and  in  want  and  destitution  }     The  black  Re- 
publican falsifies  Scripture — a  sacrilegious  crime.    The 
Scripture  reads  :  "  By  the  sweat  of  thy  brow  shall  thou 
earn  thy  bread."    The  infernal,  sacrilegious  scamp  does 
not    do    it ;     he  lives   by  robbing,  stealing  and  lying. 
They  have  governed  the  world  all  the  time  since  the 
cave  men  appeared  on   the  earth,  and  they  have  made 
bloody  and  barbarous  work.     They  did  the  worst  they 
could — nothing    but   lying,  cheating,  robbing,  taking 
the    earnings   of   the  poor,  and  leave  their    families  a 
starving;   robbing  the  workingman,  and  leaving    his 
wife  and  little  ones  in   misery,   want  and  destitution. 
They  always  have  trod  on   the  poor;  always  grieved 
the  needy ;  always  lived  in  idleness  and  wastefulness 
on  the  labor    of  the  poor;  always  stole   the  peoples 
money  and  spent  it  without  stint.     It  is  an  inhuman 
act  to  have  them  govern  a  day.     They  are  destructives, 
that  have  ruined  the  finest  country  in  the  world.     Now, 
it  is  absolutely  necessary  that  you  should  rule.      Let 
all  the  laborers  unite,  do  not  divide  ;  if  you  do,  3^ou  are 
ruined,  and  will  be  slaves.     We  will  tell  you  what  to 
do:   Government  can  make  and  has  made  thousands 
rich.     This  was  done  by  robbing  the  people,  and  giv- 
ing to  aristocracy;  that  is  the  only  way  government 

47 


yT,S  THE  workingman's  guide. 

can  enrich  any  person,  (iovernment  can  lay  a  high 
tariff,  say  fifty  per  cent.,  on  goods,  and  that  will  put 
about  two  billions  in  the  hands  of  the  manufacturers  and 
merchants,  and  many  fools  think  that  the  government 
made  that  money  for  the  manufacturers,  and  they  will 
think  or  say  it  in  spite  of  reason  and  sense.  Miserable 
fools,  labor  makes  money,  not  government.  Now  this 
two  billions  that  the  government  transferred  to  the 
purses  of  the  factories  and  merchants,  had  to  come 
out  of  the  people,  when  they  bought  the  goods  that 
were  made  at  the  factories.  Government  can  make 
the  rich  richer,  and  b}^  so  doing  make  the  many  poor- 
er;  but  the  government  cannot  make  the  people  rich. 
Aristocracy,  the  hounds  of  Erebus,  have  always  made 
the  rich  richer  and  the  poor  poorer.  That  is  the  on- 
ly work  they  do,  and  always  have  done.  For  the  last 
twenty-four  years,  about  twenty-four  billions  of  dollars 
has  been  added  to  the  wealth  of  the  United  States,  and 
we  mean  clear  profit,  and  nearly  all  this  the  aristocra- 
cy has  stolen  from  the  people.  They  did  it  by  the 
war,  standing  army,  national  debt,  land  monopoly,  high 
tariff,  banking,  railroads,  telegraph  monopoly,  naviga- 
tion monopoly,  and  private  monopoly;  and  this  is 
what  they  lai'd  up  of  the  stealings.  They  stole  more 
than  forty  billions,  actually  stole,  that  is,  took  more 
than  what  was  right.  But  they  are  expensive  brutes. 
It  takes  more  than  a  billion  a  year  to  keep  them  in 
their  extravagance  and  idleness,  and  midnight  revelry. 
Think  of  forty  thousand  dollars  for  a  dinner!  It  may 
take  more  than  a  billion  and  a  half  to  keep  the  extrav- 
agant brutes.  So  now  you  begin  to  see  how  govern- 
ment can  make  good  times;  it  can  rob  Peter  and  give 
it  to  Paul,  that  is,  aristocracy ;  make  men  rich  by  the 
ten  engines  named  above.  But  read  the  bill  against 
the  infernal  thieves,  and  read  it  over  carefully,  and  you 
will  see  what  infernal,  and  degenerate,  and  degraded, 
and  lying,  and  stealing,  and  robbing  saurians  they  are. 
Now  we  ask  the  workingman  to  hate,  despise,  abom- 
inate, detest,  abhor,  loathe  the  infernal  marauders  and 
villains,  and  tartarean   rejjtiles.     And  be  sure  to  not 


RIGHTS.  739 

believe  a  word  they  say.     One  reason  the  blacks  know 
so  little,  they  believe  the  black  Republican  lies. 

We  cannot  do  justice  to  this  sacred  theme,  and  we 
would  like  to  know  who  can.  Truth  crushed  to  earth 
will  rise  again,  the  eternal  years  of  God  are  hers.  But 
error,  wounded  error,  will  die  amid  her  worshippers, 
and  pass  into  oblivion.  We  are  in  a  labyrinth  of  un- 
limited extension,  in  an  ocean  of  immeasurable  ex- 
panse, a  plain  whose  immensity  is  from  universe  to  uni- 
verse, an  ether  pervading  all  creation.  We  will  not 
say  we  behold  a  gem,  or  perceive  a  jewel,  that  would 
disparage  the  subject.  We  will  say,  in  our  imagination 
we  behold  a  light  radiating  through  all  the  universe, 
from  eternity  to  eternity,  and  that  light  has  had  in  its  in- 
terior the  beacon  of  heaven,  and  that  lio^ht,  if  followed, 
will  pilot  the  human  family  to  the  millennium,  and  if  not 
heeded  they  will  land  in  perdition  with  Belial  and  his 
fiends.  Through  all  time  mankind  has  not  trusted 
this  great  light,  and  they  have  been  continuously  gro- 
ping in  the  dark,  and  passing  from  error  to  error;  and 
when  the  light  was  shining  full  in  their  countenances, 
they  refused  to  notice  it,  and  grievous  have  been  the 
calamities  of  the  human  family  for  their  persistence  in 
error  and  folly.  Seek  truth  and  be  wise.  O,  ye  liars 
and  thieves,  you  do  not  believe  in  truth.  A  man  once 
told  us  that  lying  was  a  business,  and  he  was  a  man  of 
family.  Another  told  us  that  he  would  lie,  and  that 
he  could  not  quit  it  for  a  month,  a  week,  or  a  day  ;  and 
this  infamous  liar  and  cheat  has  influence  with  society, 
and  he  is  the  greatest  cheat  we  ever  met.  That 
proves  the  depravity  of  the  people  where  he  lives. 
They  would  believe  him  sooner  than  they  would  a 
man  of  truth  and  veracity.  When  we  vindicated  mor- 
als, a  man  told  us  that  he  thought  that  we  knew  better. 
So  truth  stands  a  poor  chance  here.  We  could  men- 
tion a  score  of  men  vyho  have  an  overweening  opinion 
of  themselves,  and  are  considered  of  some  weight  in 
community,  having  influence,  and  doing  a  large  busi- 
ness, who  have  no  inherent  respect  for  truth  and  ve- 
racity.    We  do  not  intend  to  write  a  discourse  on  the 


740  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

depravity  of  the  times,  but  we  tell  you,  and  you  begin 
to  see,  for  truth  must  come  out,  even  if  it  hurts  the 
occupants.  Truth  is  mighty  and  will  prevail.  We 
ask  no  credit  for  what  we  do,  we  deserve  none  ;  all 
should  endeavor  to  do  their  duty.  Every  man  should 
tell  the  truth  ;  he  is  a  fool  who  does  not.  We  are  not 
an  expert,  we  are  not  wise,  but  we  know  better  than 
to  fight  against  truth;   we  would  be  annihilated. 

A  few  men  who  are  naturally  talented,  but  degraded, 
have  an  unequal  combat  with  truth  all  their  lives.  We 
know  some  of  the  fools,  and  they  all  get  the  worst  of 
the  fight.  They  have  a  miserable  existence  in  this 
vale  of  sin  and  woe,  and  the  most  deplorable  of  all  is, 
that  they  have  not  the  moral  courage  to  look  inwardly 
on  their  benighted,  dark  and  dismal,  little,  insignificant 
souls.  They  are  never  in  good  health.  Think  of  that 
essence.  Poor,  distressed  and  innocent  mortals;  they 
have  no  real  pleasure  in  this  world.  'J^he  highest  hap- 
piness of  all  is  to  do  what  is  good  ;  aiid  first  is  to  tell 
the  truth.  We  are  writing  for  the  benefit  of  the  work- 
ingman.  We  care  but  little  for  others.  None  are 
important  but  he,  and  we  write  this,  for  his  benefit. 
The  world  cannot  have  good  government  until  quite 
an  improvement  is  made  in  morals.  Workingman, 
you  will  govern  the  world.  There  is  no^  any  use  to 
say  what  every  foolish  and  silly  black  Republican 
says — that  the  rich  have  always  ruled  the  world,  and 
they  always  will.  He  does  not  know  his  A,  B,  Cs  in 
the  works  of  nature.  He  is  an  egregious  simpleton, 
and  knows  nothing  of  what  is  taking  place  in  the 
world  and  around  him.  Everything  is  continuall)^ 
chanLrinif.  Where  are  the  saurians  ?  Where  are  the 
great  mammoths,  and  thousands  and  thousands  of  ani- 
mals of  the  earth  ?  Extinct.  And  so  it  will  be  with 
the  lying,  cheating,  stealing,  robbing,  swindling,  black 
Republican  codfish  aristocracy-  We  say  to  the  work- 
ingman, I^e  a  man  ;  be  moral,  and  truthful,  and  honest, 
and  upright.  Let  the  diabolical  black  Republican  lie, 
steal,  cheat,  rob  and  swindle.  Nothing  will  win  in  the 
long   race  (and  a  long  one  it  is)  but  morality  and  vir- 


RIGHTS.  741 

tue.  Just  as  soon  as  a  majority  of  the  people  of  the 
United  States  resolve  to  be  honest,  and  make  that  res- 
olution frequently,  just  so  soon  (only  resolve  to  be 
honest  and  truthful)  is  the  march  upward  and  onward  ; 
and  more  than  half  of  the  work  is  done,  and  the  rest 
will  follow.  But  you  must  stop  the  stealing;  that  is  a 
crime  that  injures  the  human  family.  Always  vote 
against  the  infernal  black  thieves.  They  are  the  great- 
est liars  the  world  ever  produced.  See  the  bill,  and 
read  it  carefully,  and  you  will  be  satisfied.  Democ- 
racy is  honesty  in  politics,  equal  and  exact  justice  to 
all  men.  The  black  Republicans  are  an  inferior  class 
of  men.  They  are  yet  barbarians,  and  teach  barbar- 
ism, so  they  can  cheat  and  lie  to  the  people. 

The  blacks  say  that  the  present  high  protective  tar- 
iff is  necessary  to  enable  the  manufacturers  to  compete 
with  the  pauper  labor  of  Europe.  The  factories  gave 
17  per  cent,  of  their  products,  and  then  still  made  47 
per  cent,  46  per  cent,  and  ^"j  percent.,  in  i860,  1870 
and  1880.  But  they  lied  in  1880;  they  must  have 
made  about  50  or  60  per  cent.,  as  the  tariff  was  high, 
machinery  perfect,  laborers  skillful.  They  produced 
$1,960  worth  of  goods  to  the  man;  the  English  produce 
about $1,1 60 — this  perhaps  needs  correction.  Now  all 
can  see  it  as  plain  as  the  first  demonstration  of  Euclid 
that  they  lied,  and  they  took  about  two  billions  of  dol- 
lars out  of  the  people  for  nothing — that  is,  they  stole 
and  lied  that  sum  out  of  the  honest  workingmen.  They 
say  that  in  1880  the  laborers  in  the  factories  received 
70  per  cent,  to  80  per  cent,  when  they  only  received 
17  per  cent,  of  the  products.  They  say  they  are  the 
friends  of  the  workingman,  when  they  are  in  favor  of 
China  labor  and  import  laborers,  and  give  them  as  low 
as  Tyjy^  cents  a  day,  and  they  board  themselves.  They 
deny  that  they  are  aristocrats,  when  they  are  so.  They 
are  the  greatest  liars  that  ever  were  organized  in  a 
party.  Notice  the  watering  of  stock.  Say  a  railroad 
costs  a  certain  sum  a  mile ;  thev  report  it  costs  twice 
that  sum,  and  issue  stock  for  that  doubled  amount  and 
draw  interest  and  dividends  for  the  doubled   amount. 


742  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Is  that  lying  ?  What  else  can  you  make  of  it — th^ 
greatest  liars  and  cheats  and  thieves  and  robbers  in 
the  world !  Now  we  have  proved  that  the  black  Re- 
publicans are  the  greatest  liars,  cheats,  swindlers, 
thieves,  robbers  and  scamps  in  the  world.  Any  one 
will  admit  that,  but  the  four  million  thieves,  liars  and 
robbers,  and  they  would  deny  the  truth  of  the  first  ax- 
iom of  Euclid,  if  it  was  for  their  interest  to  do  so. 
The  dog  has  a  conscience,  a  germ  of  moral  sense,  but 
the  black  Republican  thieves  have  not  a  particle  of 
either.  They  would  deny  that  the  earth  turns  on  its 
axis  if  it  would  put  money  in  their  coffers,  and  a  few 
of  them  do.  The  four  million  serfs  and  slaves  deny 
that  they  are  liars  and  thieves,  but  that  is  no  use  for 
them  to  do,  as  they  say  and  do  any  mean  thing  their 
masters  say  and  do;  and  it  is  a  principle  in  law,  one 
who  aids  and  abets  a  thief  is  as  culpable  as  the  thief, 
so  one  who  iterates  the  lying  sayings  of  a  liar  is  a  liar, 
same  as  the  first  liar.  But  he  says  he  did  not  know 
that  it  was  a  lie.  That  will  not  do ;  he  who  tells  all 
tales  he  hears  as  truth,  and  does  not  know  if  they  be 
true  or  not,  is  a  liar. 

Speaking  of  the  women  employed  in  the  iron  works 
and  collieries,  it  is  said  their  ignorance  is  absolutely 
awful ;  yet  the  returns  show  in  them  a  singular  ab- 
sence of  crime.  And  again  it  is  said,  if  these  testimo- 
nies are  thought  insufficient,  they  may  be  enforced  by 
that  of  Mr.  Fletcher,  who  has  entered  more  elaborately 
into  this  question  than,  perhaps,  any  other  writer  of 
the  day.  Summing  up  the  result,  he  says,  of  the  in- 
vestigations, and  he  relates  as  follows:  In  comparing 
the  irross  commitments  for  criminal  offenses  with  the 
proportion  of  instruction  in  each  district,  there  is  found 
to  be  a  small  balance  in  favor  of  the  most  instructed 
districts,  in  the  years  of  most  industrial  depression, 
but  a  greater  one  against  them  in  the  years  of  less  in- 
dustrial depression:  while  in  comparing  the  more 
with  the  less  instructed  portions  of  each  district,  the 
final  result  is  against  the  former  at  both  periods, 
though  four-fold  at  the  latter  what  it  is  at  the  former; 


RiGins.  743 

and  it  appears  also  as  follows :  2.  No  correction  for 
the  ages  of  the  population  in  different  districts  to 
meet  the  excess  of  criminals,  at  a  certain  younger  per- 
iod of  life,  will  change  the  character  of  this  superficial 
evidence  against  instruction  ;  every  legitimate  allow- 
ance having  already  been  made  in  arriving  at  these 
results;  and  farther  in  the  conclusion:  3.  Down  to 
this  period,  therefore,  the  comparison  of  the  criminal 
and  educational  returns  of  this,  any  more  than  any 
other  country  of  Europe,  has  afforded  no  sound  statis- 
tical evidence  in  favor,  and  as  little  against,  the  moral 
effects  associated  with  instruction,  as  actually  dissem- 
inated among  the  people.  It  appears  that  instruction 
has  had  little  effect  to  produce  any  amelioration  of 
crime,  that  can  be  depended  upon.  No  doubt,  the 
aristocracy  endeavored  by  statistics  to  prove  that  more 
crimes  were  committed  among  the  less  educated  than 
among  the  greater  educated.  But  the  results  were 
not  worthy  of  consideration.  The  problem  how  to 
train  up  a  child,  so  much  discussed  and  practiced,  has 
not  been  satisfactorily  solved,  as  important  as  the  so- 
lution is.  Many  points  to  be  considered,  no  doubt, 
have  been  entirely  ignored.  No  doubt,  much  depends 
on  who  fashions  the  mind,  and  perhaps  that  is  the 
principal  point.  Aristocracy  has  too  much  of  an  over- 
weening opinion  of  themselves  to  attend  to  such  mat- 
ters.    They  seldom  look  deep  into  principles. 

Mr.  Spencer  says:  So  far,  indeed,  from  proving  moral- 
ity is  improved  by  education, the  facts  prove, if  anything, 
the  reverse  ;  and  it  is  said  the  number  of  juvenile  of- 
fenders have  been  steadily  increasing  since  the  institu- 
tion of  the  ragged  school  union  went  into  operation.  We 
were  not  looking  for  such  results,  and  it  will  be  ob- 
served that  we  penned  a  short  sketch  in  another  part 
of  this  book,  which  agrees  with  the  poet,  who  said  : 
Education  forms  the  common  mind;  and  we  will  not 
yet  alter  our  mind.  We  have  spoken  very  plain  all 
along,  and  we  speak  what  we  think  at  all  times,  and 
shame  on  us  if  we  should  do  otherwise,  and  always 
speak  the  truth.  We  do  not  write  just  for  today,  but 
for  the  future  also,  and  we  write  for  the  good  of  the 


744  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDF. 

workins^man,  which  is  for  the  2:ood  of  the  race.  And 
we  write  against  aristocracy,  that  is,  political  aristoc- 
racy;  believing — yes,  being  fully  satisfied — that  infer- 
nal ring  and  diabolical  organization  is  the  cause  of 
nearly  all  the  evil  and  misery  that  has  been,  and  is 
now,  in  the  world.  And  the  tartarean,  black  Repub- 
lican scamps  are  today  the  worst  aristocracy  in  the 
world,  and  that  we  will  never  have  good  government, 
until  that  stygian  party  ring  is  completely  annihilat- 
ed. They  lie  about  every  thing  political  they  speak 
about.  They  are  interested  in  having  the  people  ret- 
roceding  back  into  barbarism  ;  and  we  have  stated  be- 
fore, that  we  have  heard  several  men  of  influence 
among  those  infernal  reptiles  to  that  effect,  and  they 
also  say  that  there  is  no  honest  man.  They  state  just 
what  every  man  of  brains  knows ;  that  if  the  people 
go  back  in  morals,  then  their  chances  for  office  is  good. 
If  the  people  progress  in  morals  and  independence, 
then  their  occupation  of  robbing  and  stealing  is  soon 
gone,  and  the  dirty,  infernal  reptiles  know  it.  Dem- 
ocratic government  is  based  mostly  on  morality,  and  if 
the  people  are  moral,  then  Belial  will  soon  take  the 
black  Republican  aristocracy.  There  never  was  a 
party  more  inclined  to  rob  and  steal,  than  this  party. 
They  educate  the  people  properly.'^  far  from  it.  They 
will  educate  them  so  they  can  enslave  them.  This  is 
a  new  departure  but  we  know  it  is  a  fact.  The  rea- 
son the  educated  class  were  more  criminal,  if  it  so  ."^ 
We  account  for  in  this  manner,  they  had  improper  ed- 
ucation. They  are  great  talkers  about  education. 
Every  person  knows  that  it  is  for  the  interest  of  a  vile 
aristocracy  to  enslave  them  (the  people),  and  they  al- 
Avays  do  what  is  for  their  interest. 


CHAPTER  XLIX. 

TELEGRAPHY. 


The  telegra])h  is  an  extortionist  and  swindler.      Not 
only  this,  but  they  endeavor  to  cripple  an  honest  bro- 


TELEGRAPHY.  745 

ker  in  Cincinnati.  These  iniquitous  and  grasping  mo- 
nopolies have  stood  in  the  way  of  scientific  progress. 
It  has  discouraged  and  prevented  the  adoption  of  nu- 
merous inventions  and  improvements  in  telegraphy, 
long  ago  brought  into  practical  service  on  the  conti- 
nent of  Europe,  and  in  the  kingdom  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland.  Many  inventions  that  are  valuable  have 
been  perfected  in  this  country,  with  the  expectation  of 
the  inventor  that  they  would  be  taken  by  this  monop- 
oly. In  numerous  instances  inventors  have  been  as- 
sured from  the  oflfice  of  this  company  that  there  was 
no  merit  in  the  patent  offered  or  proposed,  and  hence 
the  caviat  was  not  taken  out,  or  not  followed  by 
the  completing  papers  for  a  patent,  or  the  patent  was 
purchased  by  some  agent  of  the  company  for  a  mere 
pittance,  and  concealed  and  suppressed  in  that  man- 
ner. We  are  behind  the  European  countries  in  tele- 
graphing. It  can  be  done  both  ways  at  the  same 
time,  and  it  has  been  practiced  in  Europe  for  ten  years. 
This  monopoly  is  conservative ;  they  will  not  use  the 
latest  improvements;  they  might  use  instruments  that 
would  transmit  dispatches  much  more  speedv,  but  they 
are  aristocrats  and  hate  the  people,  and  therefore  will 
not  give  them  cheap  telegrams.  They  are  in  that  par- 
ticular identical  to  the  railroads  ;  they  will  do  nothing 
that  is  for  the  good  of  the  people.  Now  in  Europe 
they  have  a  government  postal  telegraph,  and  it  is 
cheap  and  satisfied  the  people.  Here  we  are  many 
years  behind  what  the  infamous  scamps  call  the  pau- 
per labor  of  Europe.  One  man,  who  is  good  author- 
ity, says  the  United  States  have  made  less  progress  in 
telegraphy,  and  the  telegraph  has  been  of  less  benefit 
to  it,  than  in  any  civilized  country  on  the  globe.  The 
new  automatic  telegraph,  the  Western  Telegraph  has 
steadily  refused  its  introduction.  It  transmits  five 
hundred  words  a  minute.  They  frighten  inventors, 
and  pretend  they  have  something  immensely  better. 
They  do  not  scruple  to  lie,  steal  and  false  swearing. 
We  would  say  to  those  interested.  Do  not  believe 
them  under  any  circumstances.     We  have  many  times 


746  THE    WORKTNGMAN's    GUIDE. 

advised  the  workingman  not  to  believe  a  vicious  aris- 
tocrat ;  if  you  do,  you  will  certainly  be  sorry  for  it,  for 
he  will  surely  cheat  you,  and  rob  you,  and  deceive  you, 
and  steal  from  you. 

We  have  proven  that  this  Western  Union  Telegraph 
Company  is  the  most  villainous  and  unscrupulous,  and 
the  worst  feature  in  the  case  is  that  they  are  malevolent 
and  ill  witted,  with  a  rancorous  disposition  to  injure 
the  people.  We  give  the  remedy  how  to  cure  this  hy- 
dra evil,  and  that  will  cure  it  forever.  Pass  Sumner's 
bill  to  establish  telegraph  And  how  can  it  be  possible 
that  the  people  uphold  such  flagitious,  and  infernal, 
and  robbing,  and  cheating  monopoly  to  exist  a  month 
in  the  land  ?  No  man  of  soul  will  vote  to  continue 
the  dragon  in  the  country.  This  infernal,  black  Re- 
publican codfish  is  fast  taking  us  to  despotism,  and 
serfdom,  and  slavery,  and  they  wi/l,  if  the  workingmen 
do  not  unite,  and  drive  the  infernal  scamps  home 
where  they  should  have  been  long  ago,  in  Tartarus. 
The  tartarean  diabolicans  have  stolen  the  substance, 
so  the  country  has  two  millions  of  tramps,  and  they 
are  every  day  increasing.  They  have  been  robbed  of 
a  livelihood.  Their  daily  bread  has  been  taken  froni 
them,  and  they  are  in  a  starving  condition.  In  twenty 
years,  twenty  sharpers,  and  thieves,  and  liars,  and  ex- 
tortioners have  stolen  and  securely  deposited  in  bank 
seven  hundred  and  fifty  millions  of  dollars.  This  took 
the  money  of  nearly  a  million  of  men  ;  that  is  the  av- 
erage property  of  nearly  a  million  of  men,  and,  in  one 
sense,  it  made  nearly  a  million  of  tramps  and  paupers. 
Workingmen,  do  not  let  the  lying  scamps  take  any 
more  of  your  honest  toil.  Strike  for  your  rights  and 
interest,  and  drive  the  thieves  to  their  homes.  The 
apostle  said :  "  The  love  of  money  is  the  root  of  all 
evil."  It  can  be  taken  as  a  good  rule,  that  for  a  per- 
son to  be  eminent  in  any  art  or  science,  he  must  en- 
gage his  whole  mind  in  that  subject,  and  it  is  natural 
that  the  subject  will  gain  more  and  more  control  of 
his  mind,  as  it  is  exercised  on  the  subject.  A  man,  to 
be  a  good  farmer,  must  have  his  mind  principally  on 


TELEGRAPHY.  747 

that  business ;  so  with  lawyer,  doctor,  and  merchant, 
scientist,  poet,  mechanic,  engraver,  and  anything,  to 
become  an  expert  in  it,  must  occupy  his  mind  most  or 
nearly  all  of  the  time.  But  this  rule  is  good,  and  holds 
in  most  all  cases,  yet  there  is  a  difference  in  minds 
which  we  cannot  see,  that  is  an  important  factor  in 
the  case.  Inversely,  any  person  that  is  adept  to  a 
high  degree  in  any  art  or  science  is  deficient  in  some 
others.  So,  if  a  man  concentrates  his  whole  mind  on 
the  accumulation  of  wealth,  he  must  be  a  natural  idiot 
if  he  does  not  amass  a  considerable  fortune.  And  we 
must  also  consider  that  the  love  of  money  is  as  absorb- 
ing a  passion  as  can  be  named,  even  those  passions 
that  are  more  important  to  the  welfare  of  the  human 
family,  and  we  will  notice  the  truth  of  that  statement 
if  we  look  around  us  and  perceive  how  many  are  en- 
grossed in  the  accumulation  of  property,  who  have 
plenty,  and  more  is  of  no  use  to  them.  It  is  a  natural 
passion  of  indispensable  use  to  the  human  family,  and 
when  confined  to  proper  bounds  it  is  one  of  the  most 
important  of  the  natural  faculties.  But  when  carried 
to  the  extreme,  it  is  an  injury  to  its  possessor  and 
others  It  is  like  one  muscle  being  exercised  in  the 
system  ;  it  will  be  strengthened  to  a  high  degree,  but 
the  others  will  be  weakened  and  dwindled  in  a  corres- 
ponding degree.  So,  then,  it  follows  as  a  corollary, 
that  very  wealthy  men  are  almost  always  men  of  very 
limited  knowledge  in  anything  but  amassing  property. 
So,  workingman,  you  see  the  folly  to  believe  or  to  take 
the  advice  of  a  man  of  great  property ;  and  besides, 
they  are  tricky  and  knavish,  and  looking  for  an  oppor- 
tunity to  singe  you.  We  are  disgusted  to  see  the  poor 
but  intelligent  workingman  take  the  track  of  a  rich 
man.  The  rich  should  not  rule.  The  workingman 
should  rule.  And  we  have  said,  take  your  own  judg- 
ment and  sense  in  all  cases.  But  first,  before  you 
judge,  examine  the  point,  get  information,  and  hear 
what  men  who  understand  the  point  and  what  books 
say,  but  be  careful.  Some  are  often  poisoned  with 
some  selfish  ideas.     Then  you  must  take  your  own 


748  THE    workwoman's    GUIDE. 

opinion.  Your  motto  must  be,  that  your  opinion  for 
you  is  better  than  all  other  opinions  combined.  And 
you  must  exercise  your  mind,  if  you  do  not,  it  will  de- 
cay, and  be  of  no  earthly  use.  Now,  what  are  the 
minds  of  the  four  million  serfs,  slaves,  and  thieves,  and 
robbers  worth  to  themselves,  and  to  the  community, 
and  human  race  ?  They  are  an  actual  damage.  They 
know  nothing  of  politics ;  they  are  tools.  They  say 
and  do  as  their  masters  say,  and  as  tools  they  are  used 
for  the  benefit  of  a  vile  aristocracy  to  make  the  rich 
richer  and  the  poor  poorer.  Now,  if  this  ignorant 
four  million  should  make  up  their  minds  to  think  for 
themselves,  and  carefully  examine  the  political  ques- 
tions of  the  day,  we  soon  must  have  honest  govern- 
ment.    But  they  must  be  sequacious. 

This  mysterious  and  useful  invention  was  given  to 
the  human  race  that  they  might  salute  and  converse 
with  one  another  at  remote  distances  for  a  small  sum. 
A  wicked  and  infernal  monopoly  has  filched  it,  and 
made  it  exorbitant  and  diabolical  tribute  to  a  venal, 
miserly,  and  detestable,  and  exorbitant  thieves  and 
robbers.  Pass  the  Postal  Telegraph  bill,  and  the  evil 
is  cured;  that  is  the  only  cure.  Often  you  can  hear 
and  see  robbers  pretending  to  be  anti-monoply.  We 
know  many  of  the  infernals  who  play  that  role ;  but  we 
are  satisfied  from  their  action  afterwards  that  they 
are  degraded  and  detestable  liars.  So,  workingmen, 
look  out  for  these  scamps  and  wolves  in  sheep's  cloth- 
ing ;  they  are  a  disgrace  to  their  race,  and  do  not  let 
them  fool  you  ;  they  have  no  souls,  and  think  such 
action  is  smart.  Every  person  should  look  down  on 
and  abhor  and  detest  such  infernal  reptiles.  This  is 
a  new  step  of  the  diabolical  black  Republican,  c6dfish 
aristocracy.  It  is  an  infamous  shame,  that  important, 
legitimate  and  useful  business  corporations  and  mer- 
cantile occupations  for  advancement  and  progress  of 
the  people  in  business  and  arts,  science,  and  the  happi- 
ness of  the  human  family,  and  their  social  and  domes- 
tic pleasures  and  gratifications  of  the  senses,  should 
be  jjoisoned,  cursed,  and  blasted,  and  withered    ])y  an 


TELEGRAPHY.  749 

infernal,  senseless,  odious,  vicious,  transcendent,  evil 
monopoly.  Truth  is  concealed  and  suppressed  by  the 
infernal  hypocrites  of  the  press  in  San  Francisco,  in 
order  to  prevent  to  fasten  on  the  vitals  of  this  people 
the  light  and  beauties  of  a  liberal  government  and  use- 
ful inventions.  And  the  reason,  in  a  great  measure, 
that  the  city  of  San  Francisco  is  cursed  to-day,  beyond 
all  others,  is  on  the  account  of  the  nefarious,  and  mer- 
cenary, and  venal,  and  infernal  power,  and  extensive 
influence  of  the  iniquitous,  and  depraved,  and  de- 
generated press.  There  is  no  more  sense  in  paying 
two  dollars  for  a  ten-word  message  from  San 
Francisco  to  New  York,  than  paying  a  dollar  for 
a  half-ounce  letter.  And  the  truth  is,  San  Francisco 
is  cursed  with  the  most  unscrupulous,  and  infamous, 
and  soulless  press  in  the  enlightened  or  barbarous 
world,  and  that  hydra  has  held  the  power  to  do  evil 
for  many  years.  And  we  call  on  the  workingmen 
to  quell  this  gigantic  stygian  evil,  that  is  eating  the 
vitals  of  the  people.  If  no  remedy  is  soon  applied,  the 
people  will  be  slaves,  or  we  will  have  a  revolution. 
Choose  ye  the  one  you  want. 

In  Switzerland  and  France,  and  all  the  monarchical 
governments  of  Europe,  a  citizen  or  subject  can  tele 
graph  from  one  end  of  his  country  to  the  other,  be  the 
same  great  or  small,  for  from  six  to  twelve  cents  a 
message  of  twenty  words,  exclusive  of  address  and  sig- 
nature. In  all  those  countries  the  material,  wires, 
poles,  and  instruments  are  superior  by  fifty  per  cent. 
of  cost,  and  more  than  fifty  per  cent,  of  intrinsic  worth 
to  these  in  the  United  States  ;  and  yet  every  one  of 
those  telegraph  lines  yields  a  large  revenue  to  the  gov- 
ernments. By  means  of  the  automatic  telegraph,  ev- 
ery citizen  in  Europe  can  telegraph  a  letter  or  other 
documents,  at  press  rates,  during  certain  night  hours, 
for  not  over  half  a  cent  a  word.  Such  a  privilege 
should  be  connected  with  our  postal  telegraph.  The 
very  fact  of  long  distances  renders  it  more  desirable 
to  have  that  method  of  telegraphing.  We  should  have 
the  privilege  of  this  boon  to  man,  as  well  as  the  Eu- 


750  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

ropeans.  Why  can  we  not  have  the  privilege  ?  A 
cry  of  paternal  government  is  used  by  the  diabolical 
scamps,  when  they  are  the  worst  despots  and  liars  the 
world  ever  produced;  and  some  black  Democrats  echo 
the  desperate  teachings  of  the  infernal  dragons,  and 
infernal  reptiles,  and  lucifer  scamps,  and  black  Erebus 
bloodhounds.  That  cry  is  a  cheat  and  deception. 
Who  has  charge  of  the  sending  of  news,  and  carrying 
matter  in  the  mails,  and  paying  expenses  of  carrying 
the  mails.?  The  flimsiest,  and  weakest,  and  foolishest 
arguments  will  eagerly  be  gulped  by  the  egregious  and 
infernal  four  million  thieves,  knaves  and  fools,  and 
will  be  iterated  and  reiterated  ten  thousands  of  ten 
thousand  times.  The  fools  cannot  be  better  named 
than  to  call  them  machines.  But  can  it  be  that  we,  a 
people  having  a  democratic  government,  are  behind 
the  people  of  European  monarchies,  in  useful  inven- 
tions and  appliances  for  the  advantages  of  the  people.'' 
And  why  is  it  ?  We  can  tell  you.  A  few  scamps  have 
the  possession  of  the  telegraph  lines,  and  are  charging 
about  five  or  ten  times  as  much  tariff  as  they  should, 
and  as  the  government  would  ;  and  they  are  making 
forty  to  eighty  per  cent,  on  a  fair  capital,  and  they 
want  to  keep  that  infernal  extortion;  and  they  get  the 
four  million  thieves  to  help  them  keep  it,  against  rea- 
son, sense,  justice,  morality,  frugality  and  self-interest. 
The  thieves  go  for  enriching  the  few,  always  at  the 
expense  of  the  many. 

In  the  hands  of  individuals  or  corporations  the 
telegraph  may  become  the  most  powerful  instrument 
that  the  world  ever  knew  to  effect  large  and  sudden 
speculations.  (What  a  spirit  of  prophecy  was  on  the 
old  Democratic  Postmaster  General,  of  Polk's  coun- 
cil, when  he  wrote  this!)  "To  rob  the  many  of  their 
just  advantages,  and  shower  them  upon  the  few.  If 
permitted  by  the  government  to  thus  held,  the  public 
can  have  no  security  that  it  will  not  be  wielded  for 
their  injury,  rather  than  their  benefit."  Its  import- 
ance to  the  public  does  not  consist  in  any  probable 
income  that  may  be  derived  from  it,  but  as  an  agent 


TELEGRAPHY.  75  I 

vastly  superior  to  any  ever  devised  by  the  genius  of 
man  for  the  diffusion  of  intelHgence,  which  may  be 
accomolished  with  ahiiost  the  rapidity  of  light  to  any  part 
of  the  Republic.  Its  importance  in  all  commercial  trans- 
actions for  the  people  could  not  be  estimated.  The 
use  of  an  instrument,  so  powerful  for  good  or  evil, 
cannot  with  safety  be  left  in  the  hands  of  private  individ- 
uals, uncontrolled  by  law.  It  is  one  of  tlie  infamous  and 
degraded  tricks,  to  misquote  some  statement  a  lecturer 
says  on  the  postal  telegraph,  and  then  come  down  on 
the  lecturer.  One  paper  will  lie  and  misquote,  and 
another  vile  scamp  will  do  the  contradicting.  This  is 
one  of  the  tartarean  tactics  of  the  Beelzebubs,  and 
black  Republican,  codfish  reptiles;  and  it  is  practiced 
•by  miscreants,  flunkies,  and  parasites  to  considerable 
extent,  and  if  the  lecturer  replies  mildly,  it  is  not  no- 
ticed in  the  infernal  papers.  Heaven  protect  us  from 
those  infernal  barbarians!  The  independent  press  is 
a  curse,  and  a  stigma,  and  blight,  and  an  injury  to  the 
city  of  San  Francisco  ;  and  they  should  be  boycotted 
by  all  the  people.  The  telegraph  makes  a  Democra- 
tic victory  appear  insignificant.  If  there  is  a  Repub- 
lican victory,  it  is  heralded  immediately.  If  a  Demo- 
cratic victory,  it  is  kept  back  for  a  few  days  or  more. 
No  dependence  can  be  placed  on  their  dispatches  ; 
they  are  in  some  way  warped  and  twisted,  so  as  to  ap- 
pear different  from  what  the  truth  is.  They  break  up 
the  business  of  individuals,  if  they  do  not  play  base 
to  their  infernal  screechings.  They  reduce  the  wages 
of  their  operatives  constantly.  The  four  million 
thieves  and  infernal  robbers  are  the  backbone  of  the 
continuation  of  this  Stygian  monopoly. 

Any  person  reading  our  book  should  know  that  we 
are  for  all  sciences,  arts  and  manufactures,  that  have  a 
tendency  upon  the  whole  to  benefit  the  workingman, 
and  we  hold  that  which  benefits  the  workingman  ben- 
efits the  race.  Aristocracy  is  opposed  to  progress, 
unless  it  brings  money  into  their  pockets.  They  are 
for  money  every  time,  and  all  the  time,  and  the  rea- 
son is  that  they  do  not  work,  do   not   intend  to   work, 


75  2  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

and  never  did  work,  and  so  they  have  to  steal,  cheat, 
rob  and  lie  for  a  living.  They  are  old  fogies,  that  is, 
the}^  are  conservatives,  that  is,  generally  o]Dposed  to 
progress,  unless  bringing  gold  in  their  money  bags. 
They  are  for  old  notions  in  government,  opposed  to 
Democracy,  opposed  to  honestv  in  politics.  That  is  the 
reason  they  laughed  at  Fulton's  scheme  to  navigate 
the  rivers  by  steam.  They  laughed  at  the  idea;  they 
considered  him  a  hair-brained  dunce.  They  were  on 
the  dock  in  numbers  at  the  trial  trip,  satisfied  that  it 
would  be  a  failure.  So  with  the  sewing  machine  ; 
they  would  have  nothing  to  do  with  it.  So  with  the 
electric  telegraph;  they  laughed  at  the  idea  and  made 
sport  of  it,  but  they  were  again  doomed  to  disappoint- 
ment. So  it  is  with  the  best  of  all.  the  railroads  ;  they 
kept  in  the  background,  until  they  plainly  saw  there 
was  money  in  it.  Then,  as  with  the  three  former  in- 
ventions, the  infernals  monopolized  it,  and  all  of  thern. 
The  navigation  of  the  water  by  steam,  the  railroads, 
and  the  telegraphic  system  are  all  very  useful.  Notice 
that  we  say  they  are  very  usejul ;  but  a  good  thing 
may  be  so  managed  as  to  be  a  curse,  a  blight,  a  cor- 
ruption, an  immoral  plague.  They  are  corrupting 
the  people  by  the  infernal  and  degraded  and  diaboli- 
cal management  of  them.  And  one  turkey  buzzard 
charoed  us  as  being  against  railroads.  We  shall  no- 
tice  this  false  charge  again.  We  are  in  favor  of  an 
honest  administration  of  the  lines  of  navigation,  of  the 
lines  of  railroads,  and  of  the  lines  of  telegraphy,  and 
that  is  what  the  people  should  demand  en  masse. 
The  manner  they  are  managed  now  is  very  fast  mak- 
ing slaves  of  the  people.  They  have  now  four  mill- 
ions of  perfect  slaves  and  serfs  and  thieves  and  liars  to 
do  their  bidding,  to  say  what  they  say,  and  lie  what 
they  lie,  andsteal  when  they  wantthem  to,  and  contin- 
ually buying  up  more.  The  more  they  steal,  they  lie, 
buy  and  rob  the  more.  Now  every  impartial,  honest 
and  good  man  knows  this  truth.  Any  fool  can  see  it, 
but  the  four  million  thieves  cannot  see  it,  and  they 
will  not  see.  Ikit  also  a  fool  and  degraded  partisan 
will  not  see  it. 


TELEGRAPHY.  753 

The  incredulity  and   the  contempt  and  sport   that 
was  made  of  the  project  is  a  matter  of    astonishment 
to  those  now  living,  who  know  of  the  real  state  of  the 
feeling  at  the  time.     The  insignificant  sum  of  thirty 
thousand  dollars  was  reluctantly  appropriated  to  build 
a  telegraph  line  from  Baltimore  to  Washington.    Then 
the  infernal  aristocratic  scamps  held  aloof,  but  soon 
they  had  their  diabolical  agents  all  over  the  country, 
assuring  the  people  of  their  ability  as  telegraph  build- 
ers, and  held  out  inducements  of  making  twenty-five 
per  cent,  or  more.     Stock  was  taken  ;  in  many  towns 
work  was  commenced  ;  flimsy  materials  were  bought 
at  two  or  three  prices,  and  put  up  ;  installments  were 
paid  in,  and  the  next  thing  the  companies  knew,  they 
were  notified  that    the    constructors    had    absconded. 
But  they  had  the  money,  and  you  may  say  the  black 
Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  reaped  a  rich  harvest, 
as  they  always  are  striving  to  do  without  labor.     And 
some  of  the  very  men  who  built  these  bogus  telegraph 
lines  came  to  this  State    of    California,  to  evade  the 
laws  of  the  Eastern  States,  as   indictments  for  obtain- 
ing money  under  false  pretenses  were  obtained  against 
them;  but  the  villains  had  the  money,  and  absconded, 
and  left  the  people  out  and   injured.      Such    is    black 
Republican  liars  and  thieves.     There  is  no  sense  in 
saying    that    these    knaves    were    not    black    Repub- 
lican infernals.       We    know  those  scamps — they  are 
bound  to  rob  the  people,  and  we  no  doubt  are  safe  in 
saying  that  more  than  nine-tenths  of  them  are  of  that 
lying,  knavish,  thieving    stripe,  and    Democrats    are 
satisfied  that  is  about  right,  and  the  diabolical,  lying 
blacks  think  it  is  so,  but  true  to  their  creed,  they  deny 
the  fact.     Now  we  have  heard  many  black  Republican 
scamps  say  that  the  black   Republican  scamps  are  as 
honest  and  upright,  and  are  striving  to  obtain  an  hon- 
est living  by  labor,  as  the  Democrats.     Now,  we  will 
tell  you  that  if  you  notice  every  man  going  around  the 
country  and  shaving  the  people,  and  getting  the  peo- 
ple's money  by  lies,  you  will  find  nine  times  out  of  ten, 
if  you  inquire,  that  they  are  of  the  codfish  aristocratic 

^8 


754  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

stripe  ;  that  is  their  way  of  getting  a  living  in  politics, 
by  lying,  and  cheating,  and  stealing,  and  robbing.  And 
we  tell  you  again,  that  infernal  dishonesty  in  politics 
is  sure  to  be  next  followed  by  knavery  and  cheating 
and  swindling  in  business,  and  you  notice  an  expert 
in  the  knavery  of  politics — he  is  the  same  in  business. 
And  there  has  been  some  newspaper  men  in  this  coun- 
try who  were  engaged  in  that  building  of  telegraph 
lines,  who  defrauded  honest  men,  and  made  a  rich  har- 
vest out  of  the  transaction.  This  was  a  bad  start  in 
telegraphing.  The  people  of  the  country  looked  at 
the  telegraph  stocks  with  suspicion.  About  this  time 
was  started  one  of  the  most  soulless  and  gigantic 
monopolies  in  the  country.  It  is  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company.  They  bought  up  the  stock  of 
old  and  miserable  material.  The  stock  rose  to  four 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  next  it  rose  to  four  mil- 
lions ;  at  that  figure  there  was  much  of  it  that  was  not 
worth  one-sixth  of  the  estimated  value,  and  at  this 
time  stock  was  watered  and  increased  shamefacedly 
and  audaciously.  In  1875,  they  claimed  to  have  over 
one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  miles  of  wire  in  oper- 
ation, and  in  fact,  most  miserably  constructed  lines  in 
any  country. 

The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  is  the  most 
exacting,  the  most  extortionate,  the  most  corrupt,  and 
one  of  the  greatest  swindles  that  is  in  the  country,  and 
how  much  they  are  making  is  hard  to  find  out.  They 
are  upheld  by  the  black  Republican  codfish  aristocracy 
in  every  thieving  move  they  make  in  all  their  steal- 
ings. What  an  infernal  party  that  is,  to  build  up  a  few 
scamps  with  the  people's  money.  That  is,  rob  poor 
Peter  and  give  it  to  rich  Paul.  We  call  on  the  work- 
ingmen  to  take  the  helm  of  government,  and  straight- 
en out  all  these  crooked,  stealing  jobs.  It  is  an  infer- 
nal shame  how  the  poor  people  of  this  country  are 
robbed.  Is  there  no  stop  to  be  put  to  this  wholesale 
robbery?  It  will  be  but  a  few  years  when  the  mass 
of  the  people  will  be  miserably  poor,  and  have  to  work 
at  starvation  prices,  and  the  people  reduced  to  the  ex- 
tremity of  starvation.     What  a  shame  it  is,  to  bring 


TELEGRAPHY.  755 

such  a  fine  country  as  this  was  to  ruin,  destruction,  and 
misery.  But  a  black  Republican  does  not  care,  if  his 
party  only  wins.  Such  a  horde  of  destructionists  nev- 
er existed  in  any  country,  savage,  barbarous,  half-civil- 
ized, civilized,  or  enlightened.  We  say  :  may  heaven 
protect  us.  We  are  in  the  worst  predicament  that 
any  country  ever  was  in,  and  the  black  Republicans 
have  no  care  what  becomes  of  the  country.  A  sad 
state  the  country  is  in  ;  it  looks  tolerably  well  without, 
but  it  is  rotten  and  putrified  within. 

The  Western  Union' Telegraph  Company  is  one  of 
the  greatest  monopolies,  and  it  is  the  most  thievish 
robbing,  and  extortionate  company,  in  the  land.  Its 
original  capital  was  $360,000.  This  was  watered  in 
1855  and  '56  to  twice  the  amount  each  time,  that  is 
four  times  the  amount  held  by  the  infernal  hydra  (an 
evil  of  many  points  that  is  difficult  to  destroy,  or  a  fa- 
bled serpent  having  many  heads,  which  if  one  is  cut 
off,  will  immediately  grow  out  again).  This  company 
is  a  part  of  infernal  aristocracy  that  sweats,  toils,  robs, 
steals  the  hearts'  blood  of  the  people.  The  whole  beast 
correctly  represents  the  vicious,  ophidian  and  diabol- 
ical aristocracy.  The  telegraph  is  one  of  those  many 
heads ;  it  does  not  take  as  much  from  the  people  as 
the  high  tariff,  but  its  profits  are  greater  on  its  capital. 
What  those  profits  are  is  hard  to  find  out;  they  keep 
it  close  in  their  books.  It  is  the  most  heartless  of  all 
monopolies,  as  you  will  perceive,  and  it  is  of  the  same 
species  of  infernals  as  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  but 
it  is  not  of  the  magnitude  of  that  ophidan  cobra,  only 
more  venemous,  if  possible.  Every  person  would  say, 
if  asked  about  it,  that  a  man  should  be  ashamed  to  up- 
hold it  in  its  tartarean  exactions,  and  he  is  an  unprin- 
cipled, vile,  and  infamous  brute  who  so  far  forgets  his 
manhood  as  to  do  such  a  nefarious  act.  But  the  four 
million  of  hydras  and  dragons  are  at  any  time  ready  to 
do  the  bidding  of  the  infernal  gorgon  (a  fabled  mon- 
ster of  terrific  aspect,  which  turned  the  beholder  to 
stone).  The  dragon  is  considered  as  probably  the 
most  fierce,  ferocious  and  powerful  of  the  fabled  rep- 
tiles.    But  let  us  proceed  with  the  real  demon  of  this 


756  THE  workingman's  guide. 

land,  that  devours  human  beings,  starves  women  and 
children,  and  it  is  a  near  relative  to  the  saurians.  It 
is  the  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy,  and  its 
nature  is  carniverous,  and  it  feeds  on  human  flesh. 
In  1857,  the  capital  of  the  dragon  was  $1,500,000  ;  in 
1858,  it  again  received  an  irrigation  to  double  that 
amount;  in  1863,  it  again  received  an  extra  inunda- 
tion ;  in  1858,  it  was  $3,000,000  ;  in  1863  it  was  $6,- 
000,000;  the  shares  were  doubled;  in  1864,  the  stock 
was  further  increased  by  the  purchase  of  extended 
lines  of  $5,000,000,  making  it  $11,000,000;  and  the 
same  year,  1864,  they  deluged  the  stock,  and  exceeded 
all  former  inundations,  by  making  the  amount  $22,000,- 
000.     But  the  figures  are  just  $21,355,100. 

In  the  year  1865  they  bartered  with  other  compa- 
nies, and  by  that  increased  the  stock  to  $21,485,400. 
In  1866  they  again  called  the  aid  of  the  water  god, 
and  that  deity  had  the  charity  to  add  $472,300  to  the 
stock,  by  an  issue  of  stock  dividend,  and  soon  after, 
by  consolidation,  and  by  an  issue  for  the  U.  S.  Pa- 
cific lines,  they  increased  the  stock  further,  $7,179,000, 
making  it  in  all  $29,156,800.  In  1866,  by  an  ex- 
change with  the  American  Telegraph  Company,  they 
increased  the  stock  $4,000,000.  And  by  a  grand  flood 
of  water,  and  an  issue  of  a  stock  bonus  of  $7,818,800, 
the  stock  was  increased  $11,818,800  making  it  in  all 
$40,955,600;  the  length  of  their  lines  then  being 
given  as  50,760  miles,  with  the  wires  97,416  miles 
long.  In  1869,  the  company  proposed,  in  case  the 
Government  Postal  Telegraph  bill  was  passed,  to  sell 
to  the  government  for  $80,000,000.  At  the  same 
time,  good  lines  could  be  built  on  the  same  routes  for 
$10,000,000,  or  less;  while  at  the  same  time  they  and 
their  Erebus  hounds  opposing  the  Government  Pos- 
tal Telegraph  measure.  Cyrus  W.  Field  says  that 
the  receipts  of  the  overland  line,  1861,  paid  for  itself 
in  one  year.  The  Western  Union  line,  for  itself  and 
by  inheritance,  has  received  direct  from  the  Federal 
government,  and  from  the  State  of  California,  bonus 
sufficient  to  pay  the  entire  cost  of  the  overland  line. 
And  yet   you  liad  to  pay,  in    1875,  $2  for  a  ten-word 


TELEGRAPHY.  757 

message  to  New  York  from  San  Francisco.  Since,  the 
rates  have  been  reduced  some ;  and  there  is  a  shade 
of  a  shadow  of  opposition  between  it  and  the  raih'oad 
line.  They  both  have  been  built  with  the  people's 
money,  and  they  will  not  injure  each  other.  For 
many  years  the  ten-word  tariff  was  $5.00,  and  it  was, 
before  that,  ^7.50.  This  has  been  the  most  exacting 
company  that  ever  was  in  the  United  States.  The 
present  telegraph  hinders  newspaper  enterprise.  A 
rich  paper  can  buy  a  monopoly  of  the  telegraph  com- 
pany. And  such  thievish  and  piratical  scamps, 
known  as  the  Associated  Press,  are  in  the  good  graces 
of  the  Company,  and  they  are  bound  together  to  lie, 
cheat,  steal  from,  and  rob  the  people.  And  we  have 
to  say  that  both  of  them  are  the  most  infamous,  and 
degraded  of  mankind,  and  those  who  uphold  and  sup- 
port them  deserve  to  be  banished  from  the  country. 
They  have  no  souls  nor  sense.  The  rates  are  too 
high  for  every  merchant  and  broker  to  have  his  dis- 
patches in  cipher.  So  the  ring  of  the  company  have 
the  only  knowledge  of  the  telegrams,  for  hours  and 
days,  if  they  want  to,  about  the  prices  of  money, 
wheat,  wool,  hides,  and  any  article  the  ring  wished  to 
speculate  in.  But  the  San  Francisco  Herald  got  the 
start  once  of  the  scamps,  and  made  much  money  by 
getting  the  news  in  advance,  by  which  the  ring,  it  was 
said,  lost  much  money,  as  they  could  not  speculate 
as  they  were  accustomed.  This  enraged  the  degrad- 
ed monopoly,  so  it  charged  the  Herald  15  cents  for 
press  despatches,  when  the  while  the  Bulletin  and  Al- 
ia and  Sacramento  Union  paid  a  half  cent  a  word. 
Outrageous  to  discriminate.  No  man  with  a  soul 
would  do  that,  and  he  would  not  do  it  if  the  black  Re- 
publican, barbarian  scamps  had  souls.  But  they  have 
none  ;  they  will  uphold  any  infamous  measure  the  di- 
abolican  Apollyons  will  ask  them  to  do.  If  they  had 
souls,  the  Democrats  would  put  a  stop  to  such  work 
soon  ;  and  the  Belials  would  have  no  support,  so 
would  have  to  stop  their  stealing  and  lies.  So  you 
perceive,  the  four  millions  are  the  prop  and  support 
of   the    infernal  thieves.     And   the   four  millions   are 


758 


THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 


not  aware  that  they  are  thieves,  the  same  as  their 
masters.  It  is  a  nefarious  act  for  the  four  mihions  se- 
quacious thieves  to  do  the  bidding  of  the  diaboHcal 
demons.  -  Any  person  knows  that  it  is  a  grievous  sin 
and  shame  for  the  tartarean  scamps  to  give  the  coun- 
try away  to  an  infernal  set  of  scamps.  The  Telegraph 
Company  collects  dividends  and  interest  on  about 
four  times  its  honest  capital,  and  the  four  millions 
serfs  and  slaves,  if  you  find  fault  with  it,  will  tell  you 
that  you  would  do  the  same  if  you  could.  That  is  fine, 
black  Republican  talk.  Read  the  watering  of  stock 
again,  and  then  think  how  it  can  be  that  a  black 
scamp  can  be  such  a  fool  as  to  give  his  property  away 
to  keep  a  horde  of  thieves  in  ofifice.  It  looks  to  be 
improbable,  but  it  is  verily  so.  They  have  given  the 
tartareans  in  the  last  twenty  years  more  than  the 
whole  country  is  worth  today.  They  are  the  greatest 
fools  in  the  world.     See  the  bill. 


CHAPTER  LV. 


NO.  OF    MEN    IN  THE 


ARMIES  AND    NAVIES  OF    THE    WORLD 
IN  PEACE. 


United  States. . . 

England 

France 

Russia 

Austro-Hungary 

Belgium 

Denmark 

Germany 

Prussia 

Italy  

Netherlands  .  .  . 
Portugal 


Roumania 

Si)ain 

Sweden 

Norway 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

Argen.  Confederation 
Brazil 


25,000 

250,000 

550,000 
1,000,000 

245,000 
50,000 
40,000 

420,000 
,    320,000 

200,000 
60,000 
35>ooo 
30,000 

105,000 
40,000 
20,000 
15,000 

200,000 
10,000 
20,000 


Canada . . . 

Chile 

Columbia  . 

Hayti 

Peru 

Uraguay.  . 
Venezuela 

Egypt 

Tunis.  .  .  . 
China.  .  .  . 
India  .  .  .  . 

Japan 

Persia .  .  .  . 
Siam 


Total 

Remainder  Estimated.. 
Add  the  Navy  in  U.  S. . 
All 

Grand  total 


45,000 

10,000 

2,000 

7,000 

20,000 

3,000 

2.500 

15,000 

5,000 

500,000 

225,000 

40,000 

105,000 

20,000 

4,634,500 

365,000 

8,250 

5,008,250 

5,000,000 


ARMIES    AND    NAVIES.  759 

The  standing  army  and  navy  expenses  of  England 
are  )^  135,500,000;  of  the  United  States  they  are  about 
$50,000,000;  of  France  they  are  some  more,  $165,000,- 
000.  The  cost  for  each  soldier  and  marine  in  the 
navy  in  the  United  States  is  $1,520  to  the  man  ;  and 
the  cost  in  England  in  the  army  and  navy  is  $550  to 
the  man  ;  and  the  cost  in  France  in  the  army  and 
navy  is  $250  to  the  man.  These  are  the  estimates  in 
round  numbers,  but  they  do  not  vary  but  little,  if  any, 
from  the  true  numbers,  near  enough  for  all  practical 
purposes.  But  why  does  it  cost  so  much  more  (look 
at  it)  to  keep  a  soldier  here  than  any  where  else  ? 
Nearly  three  times  as  much  as  England,  and  six  times 
as  much  as  France;  how  is  this.^*  We  can  tell  you. 
This  is  the  greatest  harbor  for  thieves,  liars,  cheats, 
knaves,  robbers,  villains,  and  scamps  that  the  world 
ever  produced.  The  soldiers  did  not  get  it,  but  the 
officers  did  take  it;  $1,520  a  year  to  the  man  in  the 
army  and  navy.  This  proves  the  charge  of  thief;  and 
notice  the  army  and  navy  are  taken,  both.  In  Eng- 
land the  army  and  navy  also  both  are  taken  together, 
and  the  cost  per  man  is  $550.  In  France  the  army 
and  navy  also  are  both  taken  together,  and  the  cost 
to  the  man  is  $250.  So  vou  see  the  greatest  thieves 
and  robbers  that  ever  administered  any  country  have 
controlled  this  great  country  for  twenty-four  years,  and 
stole  and  robbed  in  that  time  more  than  the  country 
was  worth.  And  what  did  they  do  with  the  navy  ; 
they  managed  it  so  that  the  whole  concern  was  run 
for  the  benefit  of  one  ship-builder.  Do  you  know  that 
fact,  reader  ?  It  is  so,  and  before  the  Erebus  blood- 
hounds came  in  office,  we  had  a  navy  and  shipping, 
and  ranked  in  the  world.  Now,  we  are  nearlv  at 
the  foot.  All  this  was  done  to  enrich  a  pet  politi- 
cian. But  what  was  the  result.  The  pet  on  whom  so 
much  partiality  was  lavished  went  down  the  flume, 
and  the  infernals  did  not  save  him,  and  the  govern- 
ment has  been  injured  to  the  sum  of  two  hundred  mil- 
lions during  the  twenty-four  years.  Yes,  more  than 
that.     But  how  could  it  be  that  the  pet  went  under  in 


760 


THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 


the  maelstrom.  We  do  not  know  for  certain,  but  may 
tell  you  how  Nick  Biddle's  bank  of  thirty  millions  of 
dollars  went  under,  by  bucking  against  that  old  hero, 
General  Jackson.  The  whole  of  the  capital  was  lost, 
and  the  old  hero  was  on  as  safe  footing  as  ever,  or  bet- 
ter. So  we  guess  tne  ship-builder  fought  the  ever-liv- 
ing Democracy,  and  was  annihilated,  and  the  lying, 
thieving,  robbing,  black  Republican  codfish  infernal 
aristocracy,  no  doubt,  intended  that  the  ship-builder 
should  fight  the  invincible,  immortal,  immutable,  and 
impartial  Democracy.  And  the  infernals,  no  doubt, 
have  paid  billions  to  fight  the  people  during  the  twen- 
ty-four years,  but  it  did  not  cost  them  anything,  as 
they  stole  the  money  from  the  people,  and  bought  and 
corrupted  the  people  with  their  own  money.  The 
black  Republican,  infernal  scamps  do  not  care  for  that, 
if  they  only  get  some  of  the  money.  But  why  do  the 
diabolical  aristocracy  keep  such  large  standing  armies  ? 
First,  to  fight  one  another,  as  barbarians  are  on  the 
fight;  and  second,  and  not  least,  is  that  they  use  them 
to  enslave  the  people  ;  soldiers  are  slave-makers.  But 
some  time  in  the  future  it  will  react  on  the  aristocracy. 

NATIONAL    DEBT    OF    THE    WORLD. 

We  cannot  give  this  debt  only  approximately,  and 
many  of  the  small  governments  we  have  no  correct 
account  of,  but  it  will  be  near  enough  for  the  use  we 
intend  it  for,  and  most  of  it  correct. 

Austro-Hungary  .$  1,457,179,080 
Special  of  Hung'y  217,000,000 
Floating  I )fc;bt. .  .         335,000,000 


Belgium 310,000,000 

Denmark 48,100,000 

France 2,613,673,000 


Germany 

Prussia 

Bavaria 

Wurtenberg.  . 

Saxony  

Hesse 

Mecklenburg. 
Oldenburg. .  .  . 
Brunswick  .  .  . 
Saxe  Weimar. 


261,000,000 

500,000,000 

291,835,000 

93,870,000 

167,400,000 

6,600,000 

10,100,000 

9,200,000 

21,000,000 

1,700,000 


Saxe  Meiningen. 

Anhalt 

Saxe  Coburg .  .  .  . 

Hamburg 

Lubeck 

Bremen 

Honduras 

Paraguay 

San  Domingo.  .  . 
United  States.  .  . 

Venezula 

Egypt  ; 

Mauritius 

Tunis 

China 

India 


3,200,000 
1,800,000 
2,540,000 
31,200,000 
6,000,000 

20,000,©00 

30,000,000 
236,000,000 

3,788,500 

1,564,305,200 

67,310,000 

517,000,000 

3,500,000 

36,400,000 

1 1,160,000 

857,815,000 


ARMIES    AND    NAVIES. 


761 


NATIONAL    DEBT,    CONTINUED. 


England 3,843,518,460 

Greece 70,540,000 

Italy 2,050,000,000 

Netherlands ....  397)738,27o 

Portugal 450,000,000 

Rouinania 122,000,000 

Rus.sia 2,567,000,000 

Spain 2,010,000,000 

Sweden 61,190,000 

Norway 27,000,000 

SwitKerland 46,720,000 

Turkey 1,360,000,000 


Argentine  Con.. 
Bolivia. .  .  . 

Brazil 

Canada. . . 
Chile 


186,000,000 
30,000,000 

407>7i5)00o 
199.125,000 

75,000,000 


Colombia 

Costa  Rica 

Ecuador 

Guatemala 

Hayti 

Mexico 

Peru 

San  Salvador.  .  . 

Uruguay 

Cape  Good  Hope 

Liberia 

Natal 

Ceylon 

Japan 


75,000,000 
17,000,000 
16,370,000 

7.334,000 
16,000,000 

425,500,000 

280,000,000 
5,000,000 

100,000,000 

52,500,000 

2,500,000 

8,158,000 

9,225,000 

407,700,000 


Total  and  others. $25, 002, 389, 330 


On  the  previous  page  we  give  an  exhibit  of  the  na- 
tional debt  of  the  world,  and  it  appears  strange.  The 
infernal  aristocrats;  after  so  much  brag  and  lies  as  the 
infernal  scamps  have  done,  that  such  diabolical  work 
should  be  done  by  them.  Their  old  and  new  asser- 
tion is,  that  the  people  are  not  fit  for  self  government. 
Now  we  exhibit  in  plain  language  and  figures  what  the 
tartarean  scamps  have  done  in  administering  the  gov- 
ernment. And  our  book  gives  facts,  and  proves,  by 
overwhelming  evidence,  the  lies  and  cheating,  and 
stealing  and  robbing,  of  the  stygian  brutes.  No  class 
of  men  could  do  a  poorer  and  a  more  venal  and  villain- 
ous job,  than  they  have  done.  Read  for  yourself :  a 
standing  army  of  five  millions  of  men  to  enslave  the 
people,  that  is  the  secret  of  it ;  and  a  national  debt  of 
twenty-five  thousand  millions,  to  take  their  money  in 
the  shape  of  interest.  How  much  is  a  million  ?  We 
will  tell  you  that  it  is  a  thousand  times  a  thousand.  Or 
if  you  lay  a  thousand  dollars  in  a  straight  row,  and  lay 
a  thousand  rows  in  all,  it  will  amount  to  a  million  dol- 
lars, and  then  if  you  multiply  it  by  twenty-five  thous- 
and, you  will  have  the  National  Debt  of  the  world. 
Read  the  last  five  lines  over,  until  you  understand  it; 
what  an  enormous  sum.  The  leaders  no  doubt  believe, 
that  is  the  leaders  of   the   infernal,  black  Republican, 


762  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

codfish  aristocracy,  that  a  national  debt  is  a  national 
blessing.  That  is  the  old  creed  of  their  original  pro- 
totype, Alexander  Hamilton,  the  monarchist.  Now, 
workingmen,  choose  between  liberty  and  slavery, 
whether  you  will  be  a  free  man,  or  be  chained  and 
bound  to  serve  a  vile  and  hideous  hydra,  as  slaves  and 
serfs,  all  your  days;  and-  have  your  children,  and 
children's  children,  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  wa- 
ter for  time  unlimited.  You  see  that  the  workingman 
has  toiled  and  slaved  for  how  long,  we  cannot  tell  to  a 
certainty,  but  no  doubt  for  tens  of  thousands  of  years, 
and  all  he  received  for  his  toil,  travail  and  tribulation 
was  coarse,  scanty  and  miserable  fare,  and  clothing 
scarcely  sufficient  to  cover  his  nakedness,  and  a  hut 
that  did  not  check  the  inclement  wind,  and  rain,  and 
cold,  so  that  he  suffered  seven  deaths.  And  at  the 
same  time,  the  aristocratic  thief  who  stole  his  wages 
was  luxuriating  on  them. 

The  capital  of  the  telegraph  lines  is  estimated  vari- 
ously ;  some  put  it  as  low  as  ten  millions,  some  twenty 
millions,  and  they  put  it  at  eighty  millions.  We  shall 
call  it  forty  millions,  and  we  cannot  see  how  they  can 
find  fault  with  that.  The  first  year  that  the  overland 
telegraph  did  business  they  cleared  in  profits  the  whole 
line,  that  is,  100  per  cent,  on  the  capital.  The  facto- 
ries have  made  as  high  as  59^/3  per  cent  in  1850,  47 
per  cent.,  46  per  cent.,  and  37  per  cent,  on  their  capi- 
tal. The  telegraph  lines  must  have  made  more.  We 
will  have  to  call  it  60  per  cent.,  as  they  do  not  let  the 
public  know  the  extent  of  their  robberies  ;  so  we  have 
to  do  the  best  we  can,  and  we  think  it  is  reasonable  to 
call  it  60  per  cent.  We  think  20  percent,  will  pay  ex- 
penses and  wear  and  tear  on  the  lines.  This,  then, 
leaves  40  per  cent,  that  they  have  stolen  from  the  peo- 
ple. 40  per  cent,  multiplied  by  40,000.000  gives  ^16,- 
000,000.  Sixteen  millions  of  dollars  stolen  for  say 
twenty  years,  as  they  did  not  work  the  wires  the  full 
twenty-four  years;  and  in  justice  to  the  people  we 
will  have  to  charge  five  per  cent,  interest.  Any  un- 
bouglit  courc  would  allow  interest,  and  in  great  nation- 


ARMIES    AND    NAVIES.  763 

al  affairs  there  is  no  baby  act — the  minor  taking  ad-^- 
vantage  of  his  age — ^and  no  pleading  the  statute  of 
limitations  (being  outlawed),  and  every  payment  will 
have  to  be  compounded.  By  looking  in  the  arithme- 
tic we  find  that  the  payment  of  one  dollar  each  year, 
paid  and  reckoned  at  five  per  cent.,  compound  interest, 
amounts  to  $35.72,  nearly,  in  twenty  years;  and  $16,- 
000,000  multiplied  by  $35.72,  and  we  have  $571,508,- 
032.  There  are  hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars  paid 
out  on  this  plan  in  England,  and  the  thieves  should 
be  compelled  to  pay  that  sum.  Now,  workingman, 
you  can  see  how  you  are  stolen  from  and  robbed. 
But  what  are  the  feelings  of  the  gorgons  towards 
those  they  have  robbed  ?  Do  you  think  they  are  kind- 
ness or  hatred?  Do  you  know  that  the  thief  cannot 
help  to  hate  the  man  he  has  stolen  from  ;  so  you  can 
just  make  up  your  mind  that  he  hates  you,  and  we 
have  told  you  before  that  he  also  fears  you.  He  knows 
that  after  a  while  you  will  find  out  his  game  of  steal- 
ing, and  if  you  have  the  power  you  will  bring  the  thief 
to  justice  ;  so  to  be  safe  he  prepares  to  enslave  you 
in  time. 

It  has  been  stated  what  a  soldier  costs  in  England, 
France,  and  in  the  United  States.  It  is  $1,520  to  the 
soldier  and  mariner  a  year.  This  is  too  much  by  half, 
yes,  more ;  but  we  will  try  to  be  on  the  safe  side  and 
allow  them  $800  to  the  man.  Then  they  stole  $720 
to  the  man,  and  as  there  was  32,250  men,  which  we 
multiply  by  $720,  what  they  stole  to  the  man,  and  we 
get  $23,940  they  stole  every  year,  and  multiply  this  by 
$35.72,  what  one  dollar  a  year  is  worth,  and  we  get 
$855,136,800.  The  four  millions  thieves  will  say  that 
it  is  not  enough  to  the  man — $800.  Who  will  find 
any  person  but  a  lying,  thieving,  robbing,  black  Re- 
publican, that  will  say  $800  is  not  enough  to  keep  a 
soldier  and  mariner.'^  The  above  estimation  is  for 
twenty  years,  as  we  wish  to  be  on  the  right  side.  To 
explain  again,  one  dollar  a  year  paid  into  an  annuity 
office  for  twenty  years,  will  amount  at  compound  in- 
terest to  the  sum  of  $35.72,  at  five  per  cent,  per  annum. 


764  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

What  makes  the  expenses  per  man  in  the  navy,  no 
doubt,  is  the  reckless  extravagance,  and  the  extraordi- 
nary stealing,  and  the  unparalleled  corruption  that  has 
been  committed  in  that  department,  and  that  infernal 
robbery  was  committed  by  a  ring  with  only  a  few  per- 
sons at  the  head  of  it.  And  no  doubt  leading  Con- 
gressmen assisted,  and  were  well  paid  for  their  venal- 
ity. They  are,  all  together,  a  ring  of  liars,  thieves  and 
robbers,  and  they  do  not  deserve  to  be  voted  to  any 
ofifice.  As  well  may  you  turn  coyotes  in  your  sheep- 
fold.  The  infernals  are  no  more  fit  for  to  serve  the 
people,  than  Tartarus  is  for  a  powder  factory.  Read 
the  bill  and  be  satisfied.  Luther  was  a  strong  advo- 
cate for  the  rights  of  the  barons  of  feudalistic  times. 
He  said  of  rebellious  peasants,  "  Stab  them,  cut  them 
down,  and  dash  their  brains  out."  So  you  can  see 
that  the  peasants  began  to  have  their  eyes  opened  to 
the  light  of  liberty.  In  both  ancient  and  modern 
times,  there  have  been  choice  spirits  who  struck  for 
their  rights,  but  the  four  millions  serfs  and  slaves  of 
the  infernal,  black  Republican,  codfish,  aristocratic 
scamps  will  never  strike  for  their  interests,  rights  and 
liberty.  They  have  no  sense,  no  reason,  no  thoughts, 
no  feelings,  no  sympathies,  no  souls,  no  morals,  no  vir- 
tue. All  they  know  is  to  follow  the  diabolical  thieves 
and  robbers,  and  mind  the  word  of  command — Eyes 
right,  and  they  obey. 

The  first  thing  we  want  in  a  country,  and  it  is  the 
most  important,  is  good  government.  There  can  be 
an  inestimable  damage  done  by  bad  government.  See 
what  has  been  done  in  twenty-four  years.  A  band  of 
infamous  thieves  have  stolen  more  than  the  country  is 
worth,  and  the  four  million  thieves  and  serfs  and 
slaves  are  fully  satisfied  that  they  have  stolen  so  much, 
and  have  set  up  thousands  of  golden  calves  for  them- 
selves to  worship  ;  and  the  serfs  and  slaves  know  no 
better  than  to  worship  the  golden  calf  daily.  The  sec- 
ond thing  a  country  needs  is  the  best  roads  she  can 
make.  In  ancient  times,  when  the  barbarians  thought 
and  practiced   war  mostly,  they  built  military  roads. 


ARMIES    AND    NAVIES.  765 

They  built  roads  to  convey  their  munitions  of  war  and 
soldiers  into  the  enemies'  country.  They  did  not  think 
as  much  of  producing  and  transporting  articles  for  the 
use  of  themselves  and  trading  with  other  nations  as 
war.  War  was  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  their  ambition  ; 
they  thirsted  and  yearned  for  blood.  So  it  is  at  pres- 
ent in  Europe  ;  they  desire  strife  and  carnage,  and 
now  Europe  rests  on  a  volcano,  which  is  liable  at  any 
time  to  overwhelm  her  in  ruin  and  destruction.  See 
the  expense  for  war  that  is  continually  taking  the  la- 
bor of  the  workingman.  That  is  the  highest  ambition 
of  an  aristocrat — to  go  to  war.  That  gives  him  an  op- 
portunity to  pillage,  steal,  rob  the  poor  people.  It 
gives  a  double  chance  at  home  and  abroad ;  at  home 
m  fat  contracts,  and  abroad  in  booty  and  stealings. 
But  as  infamous  and  barbarous  and  bloodthirsty  as 
aristocracy  is.  and  as  hard  as  they  try  to  corrupt  the 
people  by  teaching  that  there  is  no  man  who  is  honest, 
and  that  we  are  going  back  into  barbarism,  and  by 
buying  up  the  politicians  like  cattle  in  the  market. 
Such  is  the  infernal,  black  Republican,  codfish  aris- 
tocracy, and  always  will  be ;  yet  the  country  is,  when 
a  long  time  is  taken,  advancing  in  morals.  It  is  true, 
the  basilisks  have  taken  us  more  than  a  hundred  years 
back  in  morality  and  virtue,  but  as  soon  as  the  people 
discard  those  diabolical,  black  infernals  entirelv,  o-ive 
them  the  cold  shoulder,  hate  them,  despise  them, 
detest  and  abhor  and  abominate  them,  boycott  them 
in  the  fullest  extent,  stop  their  diabolical  lying  and 
stealing,  do  not  deal  with  them,  as  they  will  cheat  you 
if  you  do,  then  the  country  will  rapidly  progress  in 
morals,  and  not  until  then. 

As  we  said,  we  want  the  best  roads  we  can  make, 
and  so  far  as  we  know,  the  railroad  is  ahead.  A  coun- 
try is  but  little,  in  this  scale  of  civilization,  that  has 
poor  roads.  Read  in  McCantie's  History  what  Eng- 
land was,  and  what  roads  she  had  in  1685.  They  .were 
miserable,  and  in  wet  and  rainy  times  there  was  a 
blockade,  or  the  same  thing.  But  see  how  the  coun- 
try has  progressed  since  the  railroads  have  been  built. 


766  THE  workingman's  guide. 

You  all  know  that  railroads  are  a  discovery  of  this  cen- 
tury. Many  men  now  living  know  when  the  first  rail- 
road was  built  near  them,  and  when  the  very  first  one 
was  built.  We  remember  when  one  of  the  first  roads 
was  built  in  this  country.  That  was  from  the  city  of 
Albany,  in  New  York,  to  the  city  of  Schenectady.  It 
was  only  sixteen  or  eighteen  miles.  Then  they  built 
poor  roads.  A  bed-piece  five  or  six  inches  square  laid 
on  blocks  of  stone,  with  a  cross  piece  and  a  bar  of  iron 
two  and  a  half  to  three  inches  wide,  and  less  than  an 
inch  thick,  spiked  on  the  bed-piece.  But  improvements 
have  continually  been  made.  It  would  be  a  satisfaction 
to  see  the  engine  that  ran  on  those  roads,  contrasted 
with  those  of  the  present  day.  The  first  engines 
weighed  but  three  or  four  tons,  but  that  was  of  short 
duration.  These  engines  were  discarded,  and  the  old 
tracks  torn  up,  and  other  rails  of  iron  laid  on  heavy 
sills,  and  engines  in  proportion.  So  what,  in  the  first 
place,  was  boys'  roads,  now  have  been  changed  to  men's 
roads.  So,  we  can  also  see  progress  in  railroads.  All 
improvements  come  by  degrees  all  through  the  uni- 
verse.- But  we  want  good  roads  to  make  a  country — 
yes,  better  than  the  railroad,  if  it  could  be  had.  An 
improvement  can  be  made  in  the  weight  of  the  car. 
It  will  weigh  five  tons  and  carry  ten  tons ;  that  will  be 
the  coming  car.  And  the  rail  iron  will  be  some  light- 
er, and  so  will  the  engine  be  also  lighter.  What  good 
in  these  heavy  cars  ?  No  good  at  all,  and  cost  nearly 
double  they  should,  and  draw  nearly  twice  as 
heavy  as  they  should.  So  see  who  will  be  first  to 
build  the  first  model  car,  that  will  carry  twice  its 
weight;  that  will  be  a  great  saving  in  freight.  Try  it, 
Mr.  Inventor.  Now,  every  person,  if  he  looks  at  the 
statistics,  will  see  that  when  there  were  no  railroads, 
commerce  and  trade  were  small  to  what  they  are  now. 
A  railroad  brings  the  products  to  market,  and  they 
would  not  have  been  produced  if  it  had  not  been  for 
the  railroads.  The  railroad  brings  the  market  to  your 
door;  it  lessens  distance ;  it  increases  population;  it 
enhances  the  actual  value  of  land.     We  will  suppose 


ARMIES    AND    NAVIES.  767 

that  an  acre  of  land  produces  a  crop  averaging  a  lialf 
ton  to  the  acre,  and  there  is  no  raih"oad,  and  the  farm- 
er lives  fifty  miles  from  market ;  it  is  worth  three  dol- 
lars to  haul  that  half  ton  to  market.  Again,  suppose 
there  was  a  railroad  near  by,  they  would  charge  one 
dollar  to  take  it  the  same  distance ;  that  would  be  a 
gain  of  two  dollars  an  acre,  and  if  interest  is  eight  per 
cent,  per  annum,  the  capital  would  be  twenty-five  dol- 
lars to  bring  the  two  dollars  interest  at  eight  per  cent. 
So,  you  see  that  the  land  would  be  worth  twenty-five 
dollars  more  by  having  the  railroad,  that  is,  twenty-five 
dollars  an  acre  more.  That  is,  if  the  road  does  not  rob, 
steal  and  plunder.  You  will  notice  that  we  have  giv- 
en the  railroad  double  freight,  as  they  can  carry  freight 
one  hundred  miles  for  one  dollar  a  ton,  and  by  wagon 
it  is  reasonable  to  charge  six  dollars  a  ton  for  fifty 
miles.  You  could  get  no  teamster  to  freight  for  you 
at  the  rate  of  six  dollars  a  ton  for  one  hundred  miles. 
Here,  a  teamster  would  charge  about  eighteen  dollars 
a  ton  for  one  hundred  miles.  Now,  we  have  paid  some 
attention,  and  given  considerable  thought,  to  ascertain 
the  fair  ratio  between  freight  on  wagons  and  freight 
on  railroads,  and  to  be  just  on  both  sides.  We  have 
concluded  the  ratio  is  from  eight  to  ten  to  one;  that  is, 
it  costs  eight  or  ten  times  as  much  to  freight  by  wagon, 
as  the  roads  usually  are,  as  it  does  by  railroad.  These 
are  about  the  right  and  just  figures,  and  that  being  the 
case,  that  the  railroads  freight  eight  or  ten  times  cheap- 
er than  wagons,  and  also  eight  or  ten  times  as  quick, 
which  ihey  easily  can  do,  and  enhance  the  price  of 
land,  yes,  the  actual  value,  twenty-five  dollars  an  acre, 
and  bring  the  market  to  you,  and  annihilate  distance, 
and  increase  population.  That  being  the  facts,  it  ap- 
pears that  any  man  in  his  right  mind  would  be  in  fa- 
vor of  having  the  people  avail  themselves  of  the  ijies- 
timable  benefit  and  importance  of  railroads.  But  the 
black  Republican  codfish  aristocracy,  they  and  the 
four  million  thiefs,  parasites,  fools,  serfs  and  slaves,  in- 
tend that  the  infernal  basilisks  shall  have  all  the  bene- 
fit  accruing  from    the    railroads.     The   four    million 


768  THE  workingman's  guide. 

thieves  know  no  better  than  to  serve  diligently  their 
master. 

Experience  has  taught  us  that  this  great  discovery, 
railroads,  is  like  all  other  good  things ;  may  be 
changed,  abused,  converted,  and  made  to  be  a  curse, 
and  a  blight,  and  destruction  to  the  people.  The  rail- 
roads will  naturally  run  off  teams,  freighting  long  dis- 
tances, and  the  railroads  will  naturally  charge  from 
four  to  eight  times  the  cost  of  freighting;  and  they 
may  keep  the  price  under  what  it  was  by  wagon  ;  they 
take  all  the  benefit  of  the  road,  that  is  of  the  railroad. 
That  would  not  be  just;  and  note,  whatever  is  not  just 
must  be  made  just,  or  become  extinct.  Nature  works 
continually  to  produce  perfection;  so  it  will  not  do  to 
have  the  railroad  companies  have  all  the  benefits  of 
the  roads.  The  Erebus  hounds,  and  tartarean  brutes, 
and  Stygian  reptiles,  the  four  million  thieves,  and 
serfs,  and  slaves,  are  naturally  determined  to  do  all 
they  can  for  their  infernal,  basilisk  masters  ;  that  they 
will  give  them  (like  fools  as  they  are)  all  the  benefits 
of  the  railroads,  if  they  can ;  if  the  people  will  tolerate 
it.  There  are  two  forces  in  nature  that  are  continu- 
ally deviating  ;  sometimes  the  one  predominating,  and 
at  others  the  reverse.  These  forces  are  attraction  and 
repulsion,  or  concentration  and  expansion.  There  is 
a  continual  contest  between  them,  but  in  the  end  con- 
centration, or  the  same,  attraction,  wins,  and  then  all 
is  quiet.  It  is  a  law  in  the  inorganic,  the  organic,  in 
moral,  in  mental,  and  social,  and  intellectual,  and  af- 
fectional  matters ;  and  while  the  contest  is  taking 
place,  the  object  on  which  they  contend  is  progressing 
towards  perfection,  or  imperfection,  and  if  the  last 
predominates,  then  extinction  results ;  and  often  it  is 
extinction.  No  animal  can  live  for  a  long  time  in  un- 
natural conditions,  if  it  does,  death  is  the  result.  So 
with  the  railroads  ;  they  tend  to  concentration.  Ex- 
perience proves  it  already  ;  but  the  grand  concentra- 
tion is  but  just  commenced.  A  railroad  in  Georgia, 
or  one  of  the  southern  States,  belongs  to  the  State. 
The  infernal,  black   Republican   Beelzebubs  will  rob. 


ARMIES    AND    NAVIES.  769 

plunder,  and  steal  the  most  of  the  property  of  the  peo- 
ple ;  and  the  four  million  fools,  serfs,  and  slaves  will 
assist  them,  and  the  people  will  after  a  time  open  their 
eyes,  and  put  down  the  infamous  aristocracy,  and 
their  fools,  serfs,  and  slaves,  and  take  the  government 
into  their  own  hands ;  then  there  will  be  happiness  on 
earth.  And  w^hen  the  workingman  takes  the  reins  of 
government  into  his  hands,  we  will  have  no  furnish- 
ing money  for  aristocratic  pets  to  bank  with,  furnished 
by  the  Government;  no  monopolist  thieves  running 
railroads;  no  lying,  thievish  scamps  telegraphing,  as 
the  Government  will  run  it.  The  railroads  will  be 
run  by  Government.  Workingman,  you  see  that  you 
can  soon  have  the  millennium  on  earth.  Try  it ;  it  is 
easy,  if  every  man  does  his  duty.  But  you  must  not 
be  led  off  by  a  third  party;  that  is  defeat  and  destruc- 
tion. Unite,  and  conquer;  divide  and  be  defeated. 
But  no  man  can  tell  when  the  day  or  month  will  come. 
Enlist  in  the  Democratic  ranks,  and  be  enlisted  for 
life.  You  see  the  stealings  of  the  aristocracy  are  im- 
mense ;  and  they  have  the  four  million  liars,  serfs,  and 
slaves  to  do  their  bidding;  it  matters  not  how  infernal 
mean  it  is ;  and  they  will  hang  to  the  pap  like  death 
to  the  dying  gladiator. 

The  contest  between  the  people  and  the  Central  Pa- 
cific opened  the  question  :  Have  the  people  of  a  State 
a  right  to  regulate  fare?  and  freight  on  the  railroads, 
throuoh  their  le^jislature?  The  case  of  Olcut  vs.  the 
Supervisors,  (i6th  Wallace,  page  694),  the  Court 
says :  "  That  railroads,  though  constructed  by  private 
corporations,  and  owned  by  them,  are  public  highways," 
has  been  the  doctrine  of  nearly  all  the  Courts  ever 
since  such  conveniences  for  passage  and  transporta- 
tion have  had  existence.  Very  early  it  arose,  whether 
a  State  right  of  eminent  domain  could  be  exercised  by 
a  private  corporation  created  for  constructing  a  rail- 
road. Clearly  it  could  not,  unless  taking  land  for  such 
purpose  by  such  agency  is  taking  land  for  public  use. 
The  right  of  eminent  domain  no  where  justifies 
taking  property  for  private  use.  Yet  it  is  a  doctrine 
49 


770  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

universrally  accepted,  that  a  State  legislature  may- 
authorize  a  private  corporation  to  take  the  land  for 
such  a  road,  making  compensation  to  the  owner.  What 
else  this  doctrine  means,  if  not  that  building  a  rail- 
road, though  it  be  built  by  a  private  corporation,  is 
an  act  done  for  the  public  use,  and  the  reason  why  the 
use  has  always  been  held  a  public  one  is,  that  such  a 
road  is  a  highway  ;  whether  made  by  the  government 
itself,  or  by  the  agency  of  government  grants,  or 
of  corporate  bodies,  or  bv  individuals,  when  they  get 
their  power  to  construct  it  from  the  legislative  grant. 
Whether  the  use  of  a  railroad  is  a  public  or  pri- 
vate one  depends  not  upon  who  constructs  or  owns 
it.  Crocker  said,  or  rather  the  Railroad  Company  in- 
sist, that  if  it  is  not  above  the  power  of  the  States,  the 
States  may  do  it  harm.  Well,  if  the  power  of  the 
States  is  not  above  that  of  the  Railroad  Company,  then 
the  ]Deople  are  at  the  mercy  of  the  Company,  and  may 
suffer.  They  may  trust  us,  and  we  will  do  them  no 
harm.  We  can  no  more  trust  them,  than  we  would 
a  wild  grizzly  in  our  pig  sty.  The  cocatrice  did  not 
like  the  New  Constitution.  He  says  :  You  see  in  this 
New  Constitution,  that  it  is  not  alone  the  Railroad 
corporation  that  must  stand  the  fury,  but  all  corpora- 
tions and  extended  enterprises  are  assailed  in  the  same 
spirit.  And  it  is  not  certain,  but  what  a  future  advance 
in  the  same  direction  would  not  lead  to  a  confiscation  of 
all  such  properties.  "  Wc  can  hardly  say,  under  the 
spirt  manifested  in  this  turbulent  element,  that  has 
caused  this  Co7zstitution,  where,  ere  long,  even  otir  safes 
wotild  be protectedr  Read  the  above  seven  lines  care- 
fully, and  meditate  on  it,  and  see  if  you  can  see  any- 
thing but  rancor  and  malevolent  spite,  and  ill-will, 
hatred,  and  an  air  of  authority  and  detestation  of  the 
people.  The  old  cards  of  barbarians  over  again  ;  he 
talks  of  confiscation.  This  is  the  Belial  in  politics ; 
he  has  the  cheek  to  bribe  congressmen,  and  judges, 
and  senates.  But  such  brutes  have  existed  before  on 
this  telluric  sphere,  and  they  passed  off  and  left  no 
trace  behind.     Evil  doers   are  certain   to  become  ex- 


RAILROADS.  77 1 

tinct.  Any  abnormal  being  cannot  live  out  all  its 
clays.  They  will  sin  for  a  while,  and  be  a  shame  and 
disgrace  to  their  race ;  but  nature,  inexorable  to  these 
miscreants,  will  overwhelm  them  in  confusion  and 
mental  anguish  ;  that  will  be  their  end.  This  majestic 
and  final  declaration  of  the  people  in  the  exercise  of  a 
power  that  none  dare  deny  to  them  ;  this  decree  of  the 
sovereign,  as  to  what  shall  be  their  fundamental  law, 
is  derided  by  this  insolent  pensioner  on  public  bounty, 
as  the  action  of  a  turbulent  element,  rendering  inse- 
cure the  safes  of  the  rich.  The  arrogant  spirit  which 
thus  defies  the  popular  will,  and  makes  mockery  of 
the  supreme  law  of  the  State,  must  and  will  be  curbed. 
It  may  shackle  cowards,  and  buy  mercenaries,  and 
mean  spirits  may  cringe  before,  and  cower,  and  sup- 
plicate for  political  power.  But  they  will  find  that 
they  are  weighed  in  the  balance  and  found  deficient, 
and  in  the  presence  of  the  people  themselves,  in  the 
hot  storm  of  righteous  indignation,  they  will  be  ex- 
tinct. 


CHAPTER  LI. 

RAILROADS. 

What  the  purse-proud,  bloated,  egotistical  thief  and 
robber  says  of  the  people:  "However,  we  propose  to 
bide  our  time,  and  if  a  more  considerate  spirit  seems 
to  prevail,  and  we  have  sensible  and  reasonable  men  to 
deal  with  on  the  Commission,  who  are  willing  to  inves- 
tigate fairly  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  roads, 
and  be  satisfied  with  allowing  us  to  make  but  a  fair 
remuneration  for  our  outlays  and  risks,  we  will  con- 
tinue to  push  forward  our  roads."  What  one  of  their 
own  stripe  says  on  the  occaaion.  I  shall  show  you  in 
the  course  of  my  remarks,  that  neither  this  man  nor 
his  associates  have  ever  made  any  outlays  worth  men- 
tioning, or  taken  any  risks  whatever.  What  I  am  go- 
ing to  say  of  their  business,  of  their  resources  and  ex- 
penditures, I  beg  you  to  give  me  your  close  attention. 


7/2  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

I  shall  give  a  o^ood  reason  for  every  statement,  and  in 
all  matters  of  figures  I  will  draw  from  the  companies' 
ofificial  reports,  and  from  them  only.  I  will  carefully 
state  what  they  pretend  to  have  paid  out,  and  for  what 
purposes,  and  also  what  they  have  received.  I  will 
nothing  extenuate,  or  set  down  aught  in  malice.  I 
will  also  give  consideration  to  an  attempt  made  in 
their  behalf,  after  three  weeks  of  effort,  to  reply  to  my 
figures.  This  reply  I  find  in  the  Record  Union  of  last 
Tuesday.  I  will  make  my  statement  carefully,  and  en- 
deavor to  be  correct  in  all  questions  of  figures  and  sta- 
tistics, and  I  will  stand  by  them  against  all  comers, 
and  will,  and  do  now,  invite  controversy  as  to  their 
correctness.  I  am  addressing  myself  to  the  farmers, 
mechanics,  merchants,  manufacturers,  and  capitalists 
of  the  State,  and  above  all,  to  the  Railroad  Directory. 
I  appeal  to  the  managers  to  reflect;  I  urge  upon  them 
that  a  revolt  against  subjugation  to  law  is  a  dangerous 
attitude  to  assume.  I  warn  them  that  the  time  has 
come  when  the  people  of  the  State  will  act  on  the 
question,  and  I  tell  them  that  if  they  do  not  yield  to 
reasonable  demands  they  will  be  brok'Mi  in  pieces. 
Gasconading  threats  about  running  their  locomotives 
into  roundhouses,  or  running  their  rolling  stock  in 
mournful  procession  out  of  the  State,  will  strike  no 
terror  to  the  popular  heart,  but  will  rather  intensify 
the  popular  will.  Whenever  it  takes  to  itself  airs  like 
these  it  will  not  take  its  property  out  of  the  State,  nor 
continue  to  own  it  within  the  State.  It  will  find  itself 
amenable  to  the  great  law  of  eminent  domain,  and  its 
property  will  be  peacefully,  constitutionally  and  law- 
fully taken  for  public  use,  just  compensation  therefor 
being  first  made.  For  the  railroad  company  to  talk 
nonsense  now,  and  threaten  the  people  with  punish- 
ment for  adopting  a  new  constitution,  is  simply  play- 
ing with  fire.  Let  the  company  gracefully  submit, 
withdraw  from  the  present  struggle,  leave  parties  and 
candidates  free  from  baleful  influence  of  their  lackeys, 
and  then  reason  and  common  sense  will  have  play. 
Their  candidates  for  office  can  examine  the    subject 


RAILROADS.  773 

for  themselves,  and  can  tell  the  railroad  company  and 
the  people  just  what  to  expect  in  case  of  their  election. 
I  have  in  my  hand  the  ofificial  annual  report  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad 
Company  to  the  stockholders  for  the  years  1872  and 
1873,  1874,  i87'5,  1876,  1877,  1878;  also  the  report  of 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  Directors  to 
their  stockholders.  The  answer  made  to  me  in  con- 
vention has  been  that  these  figures  are  false. 

These  are  the  figures  of  the  company.  Their  cor- 
rectness is  vouched  for  by  Governor  Stanford,  and 
Charles  Crocker.  If  they  are  false,  then  they  have  de- 
ceived their  stockholders  and  the  public.  Upon  the 
faith  of  these  figures  their  bonds  have  been  maintain- 
ed among  the  best  securities  of  the  world.  If  they 
have  falsified  their  affairs  they  are  gigantic  swindlers, 
and  rogues,  and  have  for  years  been  obtaining  money 
upon  their  bonds  under  false  pretenses.  I  deny  the 
charge  of  their  friends.  I  deny  that  either  Stanford 
or  Crocker  has  been  guilty  of  overstating  their  re- 
ceipts, or  understating  their  disbursements.  (We 
think  they  done  the  reverse).  Their  statements  will 
be  shown  to  be  the  most  incredible,  as  to  the  pretend- 
ed cost  of  their  roads.  They  are  generally  believed 
to  have  manufactured  $54,000,000  of  paid-up  Central 
Pacific  stock,  and  $36,763,900  paid-up  Southern  Pa- 
cific stock.  The  false  pretense  of  $90,000,000  of  paid 
up  stock,  to  pay  dividends  on  which  the  people  are  to 
groan  in  bondage,  and  pay  extortionate  rates  of  toll 
is  bad  enough.  Let  us  not  be  asked  by  their  servants 
and  advocates  to  believe  that  they  have  done  any 
greater  wrono-  than  this.  In  1861  and  1862  Messrs. 
Stanford,  Crocker,  Huntington  and  Hopkms  were  or- 
dinarily well  to  do  merchants.  Mr.  Stanford  was 
Governor  of  the  State.  The  combined  possessions  of 
the  four  of  them  were  returned  to  the  assessor  of  Sac- 
ramento County,  at  less  than  $120,000.  In  1861  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad  was  incorporated,  with  a  cap- 
ital stock,  $8,500,000,  at  $100  a  share.  One  thou- 
sand two  hundred  and  fifty  shares  were  subscribed,  of 


774  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDt. 

which  600  were  subscribed  by  the  four  men  named  ; 
that  is  to  say,  150  shares  each.  The  law  required 
that  ten  per  cent,  on  a  thousand  dollars  a  mile  of  the 
contemplated  road  should  be  paid  in.  The  distance 
from  Sacramento  to  the  State  line  was  estimated  at 
115  miles,  and  accordingly  ten  per  cent,  on  ^1,000 
per  mile,  for  115  miles,  was  actually  paid  in,  being 
$11,500.  This  is  shown  by  the  afifidavit  attached  to 
the  articles  of  incorporation.  Whether  these  four 
gentlemen  paid  in  more  than  their  pro  rata  of  this 
amount  is  not  known,  but  it  may  be  that  they  did. 
Let  us  suppose  that  they  paid  in  the  entire  $11,500. 
And  I  challenge  any  human  being  to  produce  any 
reasonable  evidence  that  they  ever  paid  in  any  other 
sum  from  their  own  pockets. 

From  this  (insignificant)  small  payment.  Governor 
Stanford  declares  in  this  annual  report  for  1877,  the 
latest  one  I  have  (no  doubt  under  oath),  that  the  total 
assets  of  the  Central  Pacific  Company  were  $187,003,- 
680.66;  while  Mr.  Crocker,  in  this  annual  report  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  of  the  same  year,  that  the  total  assets 
of  the  Southern  Pacific  were  $115,359,911.98,  making 
a  total  of  all  property  of  the  two  companies,  $302,363,- 
592.65.  Mr.  Crocker  states  the  indebtedness  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  to  be  $30,415,332.95,  making  a  total 
indebtedness  of  $115,806,983.59.  From  the  total  as- 
sets deduct  this  indebtedness,  both  to  the  United 
States  and  their  own  bondholders,  the  sum  of, 
and  we  find  that  they  claim  to  be  worth  over  and 
above  all  indebtedness,  $186,556,909,05.  Surely,  tall 
oaks  from  little  acorns  grow.  Of  this  vast  property, 
over  $90,000,000  was  absolutely  given  them,  not  to  be 
repaid.  I  copy  from  the  same  reports  the  valuation 
of  the  gifts  being  given  to  Governor  Stanford  and 
Charles  Crocker,  respectively :  Central  Pacific  land 
grant.  United  States,  $30,000,00 j;  Land  grant,  State, 
$7,750,000;  Land  grant,  county,  $1,600,000;  South- 
ern Pacific  land  grant.  United  States,  $41,724,280; 
Southern  Pacific  land  grant.  State, $7, 500,000;  Coun- 
ty aid,  $337,000;   Interest  for  twenty  years  on  the  $1,- 


RAILROADS.  775 

500,000  State  bonds,  to  Central  Pacific  Company,  $2,- 
100,000,  which  makes  a  grand  total  of  gifts  to  the 
company  of  $91,011,280.  The  company  mortgaged 
the  land,  and  borrowed  at  six  per  cent.,  $8,000,000. 
The  law  required  that  the  land  should  be  sold  within 
three  years,  but  they  pay  no  attention  to  law ;  they 
think  they  are  above 'law,  and  act  accordingly.  The 
infernal  aristocracy  intended  to  build  a  power  above 
law,  and  also  above  the  people,  and  you  see  they  have 
succeeded,  and  you  also  see  that  the  four  millions 
thieves,  serfs  and  slaves  are  ready  to  assist  the  demon 
dragon  in  anything  they  desire.  A  sign  is  all  that  is 
necessary  for  the  octopus  to  give,  and  the  tools  are  on 
hand.  Instead  of  selling  the  land  as  the  law  directs, 
they  disobey  and  hold  for  higher  prices.  They  sold 
for  seven  dollars  per  acre,  and  say  they  now  can  get 
ten  dollars  to  twelve  dollars  per  acre,  and  lands  that 
were  too  remote  from  settlements  now  sell  readily. 

About   construction  moneys   received  from    bonds 
$82,740,680;  from  gifts  from  counties,  $1,977.00;  Cen- 
tral   Pacific    net   earnings,  $5,479,525.66 ;    moneys  ex- 
pended, $49,906,041  ;    which    taken  from    moneys  re- 
ceived, leaves  a  balance  of  $114,271,394.66.     This  they 
had    for   constructing  the    roads,  but  they    paid    out 
as    dividends    on  stock  $18,053,551.     See  paid   divi- 
dends on  stock.     But   how  did   they  get  stock  to  pay 
dividends  on  ?    Why  not  first  pay  the  government  what 
they  owe  to  the  people  ?    This  looks  as  they  do  not  in- 
tend to  pay  anything  to   the  government,  and  we  pre- 
sage that  they  never  will  pay,  and  their  four  million 
serfs,  and  slaves,  and  tools,  and  lackeys  will  assist  them 
to  prevent  payment.     You  will  see  that  they  will  not 
pay  the  government,  and   their  machines  and  utensils 
will  back  them  in  refusing  payment.      It  never  was  in- 
tended by  Congress  that  they  should  pay  ;  and  what  did 
they  do  about  the  Thurman  Act,  which  required  pay- 
ments, and  did  not  all  the  thieves  vote  against  the  road 
paying  ?  Now,  you  see  you  send  men  to  Congress  to  at- 
tend to  our  business,  and  what  do  they  do  ?     Give  our 
money  and  land  away  to  a  horde  of  merciless  marauders, 


']'J^  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

and  soulless  predacians  ;  and  do  any  of  the  black  Repub- 
lican, infernal,  codfish  aristocracy  find  any  fault  ?  Who 
can  say  they  did  ?  No,  they  did  not  say  a  word  against 
it.  These  are  fine  men  to  be  entitled  to  the  right  of 
suffrage.  You  see  what  use  they  make  of  it;  they  en- 
slave themselves  and  posterity  with  the  right  of  suf- 
frage. Then  they  had  $95,823,843.  I  have  shown 
that  they  received  money  sufficient  to  build  two  thous- 
and three  hundred  and  ninety-five  miles  of  railroad,  at 
$40,000  a  mile.  This  would  entirely  cover  the  cost  of 
construction  of  the  one  thousand  three  hundred  and 
eighty-five  miles  of  the  Central  Pacific  and  its  branch- 
es, and  over  a  thousand  miles  of  the  Southern  Pacific. 
Does  any  person  believe  that  the  roads  average  as 
much  as  that  ?  Can  any  man  be  made  to  believe  that 
the  road  from  the  eastern  base  of  the  Sierras  to  Og- 
den,  or  from  Sacramento  to  Redding,  or  from  Stock- 
ton to  Goshen,  or  over  the  whole  Southern  Pacific, 
saving  a  hundred  miles,  ever  cost  even  $30,000  a 
mile.?  If  they  did,  how  have  the  men  who  built  them 
without  money  of  their  own  been  able  to  indulge  in 
the  luxury  of  buying  off  every  steamer  on  bay  or  river, 
and  every  rival  on  land }  What  wealth  of  surplus 
funds  must  have  driven  them  to  finding  new  outlets  for 
its  use,  in  the  excitement  of  the  turf,  and  in  the  bar- 
baric splendor  of  Nob  Hill !  If  more  was  expended, 
where  did  the  money  come  from? 

The  indebtedness  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  is 
$29,300,000 ;  so  tJiey  say,  but  you  had  better  not  be- 
lieve it;  and  the  indebtedness  consists  in, as  is  generally 
understood,  of  bonds  of  the  Southern  Pacific,  held  by 
its  Directors,  who  are  also  all  of  its  stockholders,  but 
who  are  the  contractors  with  themselves  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  road,  under  the  euphonious  title  of  the 
Western  Development  Company.  I  wish  in  this  con- 
nection to  call  your  attention  to  the  manner  in  which 
the  Central  Pacific  construction  was  contracted  for. 
There  were  only  five  stockliolders  of  note  in  the  com- 
pany, and  they  five,  as  the  stockholders  of  the  Central 
Pacific,  contracted  with  the  same  five  of  the  Central 


RAILROADS.  "^^n 

Pacific  Railroad  to  construct  the  road,  and  they  named 
the  new  construction  company  the  Contract  and  Fi- 
nance Company.  I  will  now  give  vou  evidence  that 
this  Contract  and  Finance  Company,  which  took  the 
contract  for  building  the  road,  was  composed  of  the 
very  same  men  as  was  the  railroad  company  which 
gave  them  the  contract.  They  then  disincorporated 
the  road.  Now  a  sensible  voter  would  ask  what  was 
the  object  of  these  miscreants  to  let  the  contract  for 
these  roads — The  Central,  Union,  and  Southern 
Roads — to  themselves  '^.  We  will  give  the  reason  :  If 
they  had  let  it  to  outsiders,  they  would  have  it  done 
as  low  as  they  could,  and  they  could  not  profit  by  Chi- 
nese labor,  which  they  could  get  for  little  more  than  half 
what  they  would  have  to  pay  for  white,  free,  and  inde- 
pendent labor.  The  truth  of  it  is,  that  they  hate  the 
free  and  independent  white  man.  They  cannot  rob, 
steal  and  plunder  him  so  easily  as  they  can  the  China- 
man, so  they  use  the  Chinaman.  And  if  they  let  the 
contracts  to  themselves  (a  new  departure  to  swindle 
and  rob  the  people),  they  will  have  all  the  profits  of 
Chinese  labor,  which  they  get  cheap  ;  but  the  main  fea- 
ture of  the  case  is  that  nobody  (outside)  will  know 
what  the  road  costs.  A  lying,  partisan,  black  Repub- 
lican will  not  see  this  point;  if  he  does,  he  will  deny  it. 
Then  they  can  say  that  the  road  cost  from  three  to 
five  times  what  it  actually  did  cost,  but  the  four  mil- 
lion thieves  will  not  see  what  the  object  is  yet.  When 
they  swear  that  the  road  cost  so  and  so,  we  say  swear ; 
but  what  do  they  mind  to  swear,  and  the  roads  are  es- 
timated at  from  three  to  five  times  their  fair  value,  and 
what  follows  a  black  Republican  partisan  cannot  see. 
Freights,  fares,  interest  and  dividends  are  calculated 
on  the  basis  of  that  cost,  and  double  price  it  will  be, 
or  more  than  that. 

Now,  do  you  think  a  man  has  a  soul  whose  vote 
fastens  such  an  infernal  swindle  on  the  people  1  He 
has  not.  We  say  that  it  was  stealing  from  its  very 
inception,  and  those  who  vote  to  fasten  it  on  the  peo- 
ple are  just  as  much  immoral  and  diabolical  as  they 


']']%  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

who  concocted  it.  So  he  is.  A  man  knows  where 
he  can  steal  a  sum  of  money  ;  he  gets  a  Behal  to  go 
with  him;  they  go  and  get  the  money.  The  fool  who 
helps  is  just  as  responsible  as  the  one  who  planned 
the  job.  But,  says  the  fool,  I  did  not  get  any  of  the 
money.  That  does  not  help  him.  So  it  is  with  the 
four  million  serfs,  and  slaves,  and  liars ;  they  help 
steal  the  money  from  the  people,  and  get  none  of  it, 
but  they  are  just  as  much  responsible,  and  just  as 
flao^itious  as  those  who  eno;ineered  the  scheme.  What 
fools  the  four  millions  of  serfs,  and  slaves,  and  thieves 
are.  They  steal  for  their  masters  from  themselves 
and  the  Democrats,  and  give  it  to  the  aristocrats,  and 
they  are  out  as  much  as  the  Democrats.  But  they, 
perhaps,  are  satisfied,  because  they  are  making  pau- 
pers of  many  Democrats.  Yes,  but  they  are  making 
paupers  of  themselves;  but  they  are  worse  off  than 
the  Democrats,  as  they  are  serfs,  slaves,  fools,  and 
paupers.  Anv  sensible  man  will  say  that  those  who 
help  the  black  aristocracy  steal  in  that  manner,  are 
dishonest  and  thieves,  and  liars  and  robbers.  Now 
what  else  can  you  make  of  lO.  It  v/as  stealing  from 
the  very  first  beginning.  Congress  stole  the  money 
to  build  the  road  ;  they  stole  the  land  they  gave  the 
railroads.  So  they  are  all  thieves;  a  band  of  thieves  ; 
a  ring  of  land  pirates.  Look  in  the  constitution  of 
the  United  States,  and  see  if  you  can  find  a  clause 
that  justifies  them  in  such  giving.  It  is  wholesale 
robbery  ;  and  the  Democrats  oave  taken  the  ground 
from  the  start ;  and  they  were  right.  May  heaven 
protect  us  !  we  have  millions  of  thieves  stealing  our 
property ;  what  can  we  do  ?  The  rising  generation 
will  be  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  water  for  a 
pack  of  Siberian  bloodhounds ;  and  the  country  will 
go  to  destruction.  And  what  will  become  of  the 
thieves.''  Revolution  will  fix  them,  and  they  will  be- 
come extinct,  never  to  appear  again.  Like  the  des- 
tructive saurians,  they,  were  powerful,  and  had  great 
and  many  teeth  to  defend  and  destroy,  but  nature 
willed  that  they  should  go.     So  it  is  with  this  insane. 


RAILROADS.  779 

unnatural,    fanatical,   piratical    and    predacious    Gor- 
gons. 

Some  fools  finding  fault  with  my  book,  puts  me  in 
mind  of  a  case  like  this:  A  man  has  had  property 
stolen  from  him.  He  has  found  out  who  the  thief  is, 
and  has  had  him  arrested,  and  brought  to  the  bar  of 
justice,  and  the  jury  summoned.  But  some  of  the  jury, 
before  they  know  or  hear  any  testimony,  decide 
among  themselves  that  the  man  did  very  wrong  to  ar- 
rest the  thief.  They  prejudge  the  case,  before  they 
know  anything  at  all  about  the  evidence  to  be  taken 
in  the  case.  They  should  first  hear  the  evidence.  It 
shows  that  they  are  not  fit  for  jurors ;  they  are  down- 
right simpletons  and  perfect  dunces,  and  have  no  sense 
or  reason.  Let  us  resume  the  remarks  on  the  gigan- 
tic hydra.  It  is  pretty  clear  that  the  proceeds  of  the 
gifts  were  much  more  than  to  build  the  Central  Pacif- 
ic road  and  branches.  Any  person  can  see  that  they 
agreed  to  pay  (fictitious)  the  Contract  and  Finance  Com- 
pany more  than  double  what  it  was  worth  to  build  the 
road,  and  the  company,  that  is,  the  latter  company,  had 
left,  after  building  the  road,  $54,000,000.  This  is 
downright  swindling  the  people.  This  $54,000,000 
they  call  paid  up  stock.  How  was  this  stock  paid 
up  }  No  one  can  tell.  It  is  false  as  Erebus  ;  they  had 
no  money  to  pay  for  stock.  $120,000  takes  in  all  the 
swindlers  had  to  begin  with.  True  it  is,  that  large 
streams  from  little  fountains  flow,  and  who  so  silly  as 
to  believe  them.  One  of  the  swindlers  says,  by  report, 
the  cost  of  the  road  is  $134,000,000.  This  is  the  big- 
gest swindle  that  ever  has  been  perpetrated  in  the 
world.  Think  of  it!  $54,000,000  made  out  of  the 
government  in  one  transaction.  They  had  $120,000 
to  start;  they  did  not  buy  the  $54,000,000  stock  out 
of  the  road,  nor  out  of  borrowed  money ;  that  would 
be  embezzlement.  They  paid  it  up  by  the  unfair  and 
unreasonable  price  at  which  they  contracted  with 
themselves  to  build  the  road.  They  took  all  the  com- 
pany had  from  all  sources,  and  the  majority  of  the 
stock  of  the  road,  for  their  labors.     It  is  this  invest- 


ySo  THE  workingman's  guide. 

ment  in  stock  upon  which  they  want  eight  per  cent. 
They  think  $4,320,000  a  year  a  fair  remuneration  on 
an  investment  of  nothing,  and  any  amount  of  impu- 
dence. Think  of  it,  workingmen!  This  water  $4,- 
320,000  you  have  to  pay.  The  python  coils  its  gi- 
gantic folds  about  you,  and  presses  the  yearly  sum  of 
$4,320,000  out  of  your  blood,,  and  bones,  and  flesh. 
Will  vou  tamely  submit  like  the  four  million  serfs  and 
slaves  ?  We  say  not.  Notice,  this  is  all  stealings;  no 
person  or  persons,  or  men,  of  any  care  for  their  coun- 
try, will  tamely  submit.  But  the  four  million  slaves 
will  do  the  will  of  their  masters.  Mind,  that  when  the 
boa  constrictors  press  millions  out  of  the  community, 
it  must  come  out  of  individuals.  You  and  I  have  to 
contribute  all  they  can  squeeze  out  of  us.  The  infer- 
nal four  million  thieves  and  fools  of  the  black  band 
may  not  know  that  when  the  royal  arch  thieves  take 
$54,000,000  to  draw  dividends  and  interest  and  fares 
and  freights  on,  that  they  will  have  to  pay  their  part. 
But  that  is  so  Mr.  Black  Serf,  so  steal  ;  you  have  to 
pay  part  of  the  stealings,  and  you  fool,  you  think  you 
are  smart.  Go  ahead  !  Your  children  will  have  to 
suffer  for  what  you  are  stealing  and  giving  to  an  in- 
fernal, four-headed  dog  Cerebus,  who  guards  the  en- 
trance to  the  diabolical  Central  Pacific  Railroad  office. 
There  was  some  scandal  about  this  Contract  and 
Finance  Company.  Several  of  the  original  stockholders 
brought  suits  to  compel  the  railroad  directors  to  give 
them  an  equal  share  of  the  enormous  profits  of  the  side 
contracts.  These  suits  were  never  allowed  to  come  to 
trial.  One  man,  claiming  to  own  ten  shares,  worth 
$100  a  share  at  par,  received  $1,700  a  share  as  a  com- 
promise, rather  than  have  the  dread  secrets  of  the  Con- 
tract and  Finance  anaconda  uncovered  to  the  world  ; 
1,600  per  cent,  advance,  rather  than  have  the  stygian 
books  produced.  Other  suits  of  more  consequence 
were  settled  on  similar  terms. 

One  of  the  gull-catchers  says  about  the  Contract 
and  Finance  Company:  it  imported  a  large  number  of 
laborers  from  China,  some  8,000  or  10,000,  and  prose- 


I 


RAILROADS.  78 1 

cuted  the  work  much  more  rapidly  and  successfully 
than  before ;  and  more  rapidly  than  it  could  have 
been  prosecuted,  if  the  work  had  been  let  to  small 
contractors.  From  this  you  can  see  the  interest  the 
infernal  hydra  takes  in  the  welfare  of  the  laboring 
men  ;  hire  Chinamen  at  about  half  wages,  when  white 
labor  was  plenty ;  and  they  continue  to  employ  them 
contrary  to  the  constitution.  No  respect  for  law,  the 
basilisk  has.  Now,  when  they  say  they  are  the 
friends  of  labor,  as  they  do  frequently,  the  four  mil- 
lions serfs,  and  slaves,  and  fools,  and  thieves,  who 
steal  for  other  thieves,  will  believe  them.  Can  we  see 
a  point?  Can  we  see  that  the  cocatrice  hates  the  la- 
boring man  ?  He  employs  Chinamen.  Working- 
man,  do  not  allow  a  gull-catcher  and  thief  to  take  you 
in  his  snare.  You  have  been  enslaved,  entrapped, 
cheated,  for  thousands  of  years  ;  it  is  now  reasonable 
to  suppose  that  it  is  your  turn  to  take  the  helm  of  the 
government.  Go  for  it,  workingman  !  Claim  your 
long-lost  rights,  and  lay  the  infernal  Gorgons  on  the 
shelf,  ticketed  extinct,  and  you  will  then  have  hon- 
est government,  and  equal  and  exact  justice  to  all 
men.  But  you  must  intensely  hate  aristocratic  thieves 
and  liars,  who  cheat  you  out  of  your  honest  wages  ; 
who  sup  on  your  earnings,  your  life's  blood  ;  who 
feast  on  the  fruits  of  your  labor;  who  revel  in  mid- 
night orgies  on  your  severe  toil ;  who  give  $40,000 
dinners  on  your  constant  travail,  and  have  saturna- 
lian  feasts  on  the  just  money  of  your  hire.  Work- 
ingman, you  can  easily  get  your  rights.  Demand 
them,  and  the  work  is  more  than  half  done ;  then  fol- 
low it  up  with  action,  and  the  millennium  will  soon  be 
here.  But,  says  the  fool,  what  can  I  do  ?  when  he  is 
doing  all  he  caif  for  aristocracy.  Let  every  man  do 
his  duty;  and  no  man  has  a  right  to  do  anything  but 
his  duty,  and  honest  government  is  sure  to  follow. 
But,  says  the  infernal,  black  Republican  fool,  we  owe 
the  Central  Pacific  more  than  they  do  us.  It  is  a 
great  blessing  to  us  that  they  built  the  road  for  us, 
and   we  should  not  find  fault  if   they  make  money. 


782  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

The  black  Republican  scamp  is  a  willing  slave  to  a 
purse-proud,  codfish  aristocracy.  He  only  knows  to 
obey  the  command  of  his  masters,  poor  slave  that  he 
is.  He  robs  his  children  of  their  bread,  and  gives  it 
to  an  infernal  boa  constrictor,  and  he  thinks  he  is 
smart.     May  the  Creator  protect  us  and  children. 

The  Central  Pacific  employed  eight  to  ten  thousand 
Chinamen,  and  saved  as  much  on  that  as  they  lost 
on  the  discount  of  the  bonds,  and  more.  They  paid 
currency  for  what  they  bought  East,  so  there  was  not 
much  lost  on  the  sale  of  the  bonds.  The  ^54,275,500 
is  what  they  made  by  letting  it,  the  road,  to  themselves, 
a  bit  of  the  o;overnment  bonds  The  road  did  not  cost 
as  much  by  more  than  half  as  the  money  they  got  from 
the  government.  We  have  explained  why  they  em- 
ployed this  indirect  mode  and  new  way  of  building  the 
road.  So,  you  see,  the  thieves  m  Congress  played  into 
the  hands  of  the  railroad  thieves.  Congress  gave  them 
twice  as  much  money  as  the  road  cost,  besides  the  land. 
What  an  enormous  swindle.  The  like  never  was  in 
the  world.  We  should  think  this  swindling  bout 
would  satisfy  the  four  million  thieves,  and  that  they 
would  never  again  try  the  octopus.  But  they  are  de- 
termined to  ruin  the  country  by  giving  it  all  away  to 
an  infernal  nest  of  ophidians.  Paid  up  stock.  They 
had  no  money  but  government  funds  to  buy  stock 
with,  and  it  would  be  more  moral  to  pay  their  interest 
on  their  railroad  indebtedness ;  but  they  never  intend 
to  pay  the  government.  And  let  the  people  elect  the 
black  band  of  reptiles  to  office,  and  they  may  be  cer- 
tain that  they  will  not  pay,  and  the  four  million  will 
stand  by  them  to  prevent  payment.  Time  will  tell. 
They  have  the  assurance  to  rob,  steal,  lie,  plunder, 
swindle,  cheat,  and  do  anything  to  ma^e  money.  The 
railroad  men  in  the  East  are  accused  of  extortion,  but 
they  cannot  reach  these  anacondas  with  a  Winchester. 
In  New  England  and  New  York,  if  they  earn  three 
dollars,  two  must  be  paid  for  expenses.  Here,  if  they 
earn  three,  more  than  half  is  clear  gain.  Seven  hun- 
dred   thousand   people   here   have  to  pay  one  half  as 


RAILROADS.  783 

much  tribute  to  Stanford  &  Company  as  all  New  Eng- 
land pays  to  all  its  five  thousand  five  hundred  miles  of 
roads.  We  pay  half  as  much  as  1 1,000000  people  of 
the  South.  All  of  Tom  Scott's  railway  svstem  of  2,- 
800  miles,  traversing  through  Pennsylvania,  New  Jer- 
sey, New  York,  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois,  yields  but 
^20,000  of  gross  earnings.  The  California  roads  earn 
more.  His  roads  go  through  the  swarming  populations 
of  central  States.  Ours  go  through  deserts  and  through 
poor  farms.  And  we  are  told  that  we  should  leave  the 
road  to  competition.  They  paid  the  railroads  from 
Sacramento  to  San  Francisco  ^96,000  to  cease  compe- 
tition with  the  hydra,  so  the  people  have  to  pay  that, 
and  be  swindled  more  than  they- were  before.  So  the 
people  have  to  pay  extra  fares  and  freights  to  enable 
the  Central  to  put  on  the  shackles  tighter.  Worse 
and  worse,  and  the  four  million  serfs  and  slaves  stand 
by  the  infernals  to  the  bitter  end.  Ruin,  woe,  misery, 
desolation,  pauperism,  it  matters  not  what  it  is,  the 
four  million  satraps  stand  by  their  masters,  and  do  not 
flinch  or  change  a  ticket.  If  the  Gorgon  takes  all  and 
gives  them  a  crust  of  dry  bread  and  water,  they  will 
still  serve  them.  Though  their  children  cry  for  bread, 
occasioned  by  the  stealing  of  the  venomous  cobra,  and 
still  they  will  cringe  and  fawn  to  a  diabolical,  codfish 
aristocracy.  Can  it  be  possible  that  we  have  a  set  of 
Erebus  bloodhounds,  who  are  bent  on  taking  the  peo- 
ple to  ruin,  pauperism  and  starvation  ?  So  it  is,  there 
cannot  be  any  mistake  about  it ;  and  yet  there  is  no 
light  for  us.  Ruin  is  the  motto  of  the  four  million 
serfs,  and  slaves,  and  they  are  persistent.  In  the 
twenty-four  years  they  had  government,  they  gave  the 
country  away,  and  more  than  it  was  worth.  See  the 
bill,  and  you  will  be  satisfied.  Remember  that  the 
government  gave  the  infernals  twice  as  much  money 
as  it  cost  to  build  the  roads,  and  they  drew  dividends 
on  more  than  half  of  the  money  the  government  gave 
them. 

So  your  money  goes,  workingman,  while  3^ou  are 
toiling  and  sweating  to  earn  bread  for  your  wife  and 


784  THE    VVORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

children,  and  get  but  a  scanty  subsistence ;  the  gov- 
ernment is  giving  it  away  by  hundreds  of  milhons  to 
an  infernal  aristocracy,  so  they  may  be  able  to  enslave 
you  and  your  posterity  for  all  time.  We  say,  working- 
men,  unite  to  a  man,  and  hurl  these  infernal  blood-suck- 
ers from  their  high  places,  which  they  are  no  more  fit  to 
hold  than  Beelzebub  and  the  demons  of  Erebus  are. 
The  government  gave  them  $90,000,000  in  land,  which 
they  are  holding  for  higher  prices.  The  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  has  decided  that  the  States 
have  a  right  to  regulate  fares  and  freight.  The  divi- 
dends they  paid  to  themselves  are  as  follows  :  first  year 
in  two  dividends,  $4,342,040,  second  year  $5,427,556, 
third  year  it  was  $4,342,040,  fourth  year  $4,342,040. 
This  was  in  1873,  74,  75,  76  and  ']'].  The  whole 
amounts  to  $18,453,670.  The  people  may  know  that 
such  work  is  a  gigantic  fraud.  These  men  of  small 
calibre  have  taken  out  of  the  people  hundreds  of  mil- 
lions of  dollars  for  nothing;  they  are  entitled  to  fair 
salaries,  no  more  ;  they  invested  no  funds,  and  are  steal- 
ing hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars  with  the  assistance  of 
!heir  four  million  serfs,  and  slaves,  and  infamous  lack- 
eys. O,  the  insatiate  greed  of  this  infernal  sponge. 
The  farmer  ships  wheat  at  $60  a  car-load,  and  finds 
that  he  cannot  keep  his  family  comfortably.  He  stud- 
ies on  the  dismal  situation,  and  concludes  he  will  try 
alfalfa  and  see.  He  then  embarks  into  that,  and  puts 
it  in  the  same  size  bags,  and  the  infernal  octopus  makes 
him  pay  $180  a  ton.  Bailed  hay  fails  to  reward  him 
for  his  labor;  he  tries,  he  essays  bailed  broom  corn; 
he  finds  out  that  he  has  to  pay  triple  price.  He  last 
of  all  tries  castor  beans,  and  they  compel  him  to  pay 
$180  a  ton;  he  finds  his  task  is  hopeless.  Any  crop 
he  raises,  the  railroad  takes  the  lions  share  of.  Emi- 
grants go  many  hundred  miles  with  their  own  wagons, 
l3ccause  the  railroad  will  not  take  them  in  an  ordinary 
car  for  less  than  200  dollars  a  car.  The  people  are 
fools,  or  they  would  not  tolerate  such  an  infernal  swin- 
dle. ( )n  a  given  article  from  San  Francisco  to  Ogden, 
the   freight  is  $1.68  per  hundred  (mind,  to  Ogden), 


RAILROAD.  785 

while  the  same  article  pays  from  New  York  to  San 
Francisco  $1.50  per  hundred.  See  the  diabolical  out- 
rage— they  discriminate  against  their  own  country.  It 
appears  they  do  all  they  can  to  keep  the  people  poor, 
so  they  can  bribe  them.  They  freight  from  Ohio  to 
Arizona  for  eighteen  cents  less  than  they  carry  the 
same  freight  from  San  Francisco  to  the  same  point  in 
the  Territory  of  Arizona.  That,  no  doubt,  is  done  to 
injure  San  Francisco;  so  you  see  the  inward  villainy 
of  these  infernal  bandits,  and  any  one  can  see  the  in- 
nate degradation  of  these  Abaddons.  That  they  can 
play  their  ingenuity  on  the  people,  shows  the  deprav- 
ity of  these  degenerate  times.  If  the  blacks  had  the 
sense  of  a  reptile,  they  would  put  a  stop  to  such  whole- 
sale robbery  and  pillage  of  these  saurians.  The  United 
States  gave  these  teledus  these  extraordinary  privates, 
so  as  to  strengthen  the  stygian  ring,  to  rob,  steal,  and 
plunder,  a7id  pauperize,  and  enslave  the  people.  Now, 
workingman,  you  can  plainly  see  avast  hoard  of  thieves 
and  predaceans  combined  to  take  your  daily  labor  from 
you,  and  make  you  work  for  a  small  pittance ;  so  you 
will  not  be  able  to  stop  a  day  to  demand  fair  wages, 
on  account  of  starvation  staring  you  in  the  face,  and 
your  wives  and  children  crying  for  bread.  Working- 
men,  unite  one  and  all,  and  put  a  stop  to  this  robbery. 


CHAPTER  LII. 

RAILROAD. 

If  a  man  has  a  business  of  ten  thousand  dollars,  and 
he  owes  half  of  it,  he  cannot  expect  to  make  profit  on 
the  whole  of  it.  He  must  pay  interest  on  five  thous- 
and, and  a  small  profit,  and  he  have  the  full  profit  on 
the  five  thousand  that  is  his.  They  have  averaged 
great  gains  for  the  years  1875,  1876,  1877,  to  clear; 
net  profit  were,  $24,440,901,  an  average  of  $8,146,567, 
a  year.  We  would  like  some  one  of  these  bucaneers 
would  tell  the  people  what  right  they,  the  salamanders, 

£0 


786  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

had  to  take  such  a  vast  sum  from  the  people,  and  at  a 
time  when  the  people  had  done  all  they  could  to  fa- 
vor the  road.  And  they  p^id  them  by  robbery  and 
plunder,  over  eight  millions — on  what  ?  Take  notice 
that  they  only  put  in  $120,000,  or  they  had  $120,000. 
It  is  doubtful  if  they  put  it  all  in  the  road,  as  the  gov- 
ernment gave  them  twice  as  much  as  the  road  cost, 
and  they  declared  dividends  out  of  the  money  the  gov- 
ernment gave  them,  before  they  paid  any  money  to 
the  government.  Poor's  Manual  of  1882  ;  whole  num- 
ber of  miles  of  road,  112,412;  Capital  stock,  $3,456,- 
078,196:  total  funded  debt,  $3,184,415,201  :  total 
floating  debt,  $255,170,502.  In  Poor's  Manual  of 
1884  he  gives  the  statistics  up  to  December  31,  1883: 
Tota\  mileage,  120,552  miles;  total  capital  stock,  $3,- 
708,060,583  ;  total  funded  debt,  $3,455,040,383;  float- 
ing debt,  $333,370,345.  The  land  pirates  said  the 
cost  of  construction  of  the  new  mileage  is  represented 
at  $70,000  a  mile.  This  stock  was  watered,  no  doubt, 
five  waters  to  one  cash.  Such  has  been  the  character 
of  the  railroad  villains,  that  they  cannot  tell  the  truth 
only  when  their  interest  is  at  stake.  In  the  last  thirty 
years  it  has  been  worse  than  ever.  The  black  reptiles 
got  such  a  large  dose  of  filthy  lucre  that  it  bewildered 
them  entirely.  Their  words  are  of  no  value — nothing 
but  lying,  stealing,  and  robbing  and  plundering,  with- 
out the  least  shame  ;  charging  two  to  five  times  what  a 
service  is  worth  ;  watering  stock  two  to  four  times  the 
original.  They  are  an  infamous  band  of  bandits,  that 
are  gobbling  up  all  die  money  in  the  country,  and  the 
ignorant  four  million  serfs  and  slaves  are  ready  at  any 
time  to  assist  them  to  rob  the  people,  and  also  rob 
themselves.  Poor's  Manual  makes  the  cost  of  the 
roads  to  be  less  by  two  and  one-half  times  than  the 
railroad  thieves  do.  Nothing  is  too  vile  and  infamous 
for  these  black  Republicans  to  say  or  do  ;  that  is  the 
mode  in  which  they  get  their  living. 

Poor,  in  his  Manual,  says  that  the  whole  of  the  rail- 
roads in  the  United  States,  up  to  Jan.  ist,  1884,  cost 
$7,496,471,311,    and    the    number    of   miles    120,552, 


RAILROAD.  787 

which  is  over  $62,180  per  mile  ;  and  Poor  says  the  cost 
of  construction  certainly  did  not  exceed  $30,000  per 
mile,  and  no  doubt  it  did  not  cost  $25,000  per  mile. 
We  will  call  it  $20,000  per  mile  in  making  up  our  bill 
wdiat  they  have  stolen  h-om  the  people  in  the  last  thir- 
ty years,  or  say  twenty-four  years,  which  will  leave 
about  $5,000,000,000  of  watered  stock.  Workingman, 
you  can  see  where  your  money  goes  to.  The  Belials 
have  control  of  the  railroads,  and,  we  may  say,  of  your 
wages.  They  pay  you  what  they  please,  and  take 
what  they  please.  The  truth  is,  the  black  Republican, 
lying,  infernal,  codfish  aristocracy  have  gobbled  up  all 
the  money  that  has  been  made  in  the  United  States 
for  twenty-four  years,  and  twenty-four  years  more  and 
the  people  are  all  slaves,  unless  different  measures  are 
used  than  are  now.  We  are  sorry  to  show  such  a  des- 
perate state  of  atfairs,  but  the  truth  must  be  told,  it 
matters  not  who  finds  fault  (examine).  Poor  makes  the 
watered  stock  a  little  less  than  four  billions  of  dollars. 
We  are  astounded  at  the  immense  sum  that  has  been 
filched,  robbed  and  stolen  from  the  people.  W^orking- 
man,  you  have  had  to  earn  it,  and  but  a  tithe  of  it  came 
to  your  hands.  Now  you  should  have  billions,  and  you 
have  but  a  few  thousands.  Now  unite,  workingmen, 
and  make  a  complete  revolution  ;  do  not  defer  ;  do  not 
procrastinate,  or  you  will  be  too  late,  and  the  country 
will  be  lost  to  liberty,  and  the  statue  of  Bartholdi  will 
shed  tears  of  blood.  Do  not  delay  too  long,  or  the 
country  will  be  deluged  in  rivers  of  blood.  Arise  in 
your  might,  and  drive  the  robbers  and  thieves  from 
their  high  places.  Take  example  by  the  honey  bee, 
and  drive  the  drones  from  the  hive.  Why  will  you  be 
idle,  and  let  the  degraded,  and  vile,  and  vicious,  and 
flagitious  villains  rivet  the  shackles  on  you,  and  bind 
and  enslave  you  ?  Are  you  lost  to  reason  ?  Do  you 
not  know  that  if  the  money  is  all  in  a  few  hands,  you 
will  be  slaves.?  What  infatuation  ! — twenty-four  years' 
hard  work  and  wearisome  toil,  and  a  few  scamps  and 
retromingents  take  all  the  profits.  Why  will  you  be 
so  indifferent  .f*    Strike   for  your  rights.     He    who  is 


788  THE  worktngman's  guide. 

robbed  and  pays  no  attention  to  it  will  be  a  slave,  and 
he  will  rue  his  sluggish  and  indolent  indifference. 

The  book,  Poor's  Manual,  in  the  edition  of  1 884, 
says  the  whole  of  the  mileage  is  120,625,  cost  $7,496.- 
471,31 1.  As  remarked  before,  cost  $62,180  per  mile,  so 
the  teledus  say,  but  we  say  do  not  believe  a  word  they 
say ;  they  are  great  robbers,  and  great  robbers  are 
great  liars  ;  of  that  you  have  continued  proof.  See, 
Poor  says  the  new  roads  cost  $70,000  per  mile,  by  the 
showing  of  the  venomous  ophidians.  Now,  Poor  says 
that  the  cost  of  construction  certainly  did  not  exceed 
$30,ooD  per  mile.  So  we  can  see  the  villainous  swindle 
of  adding  more  than  $40,000  watered  stock  to  the 
mile.  According  to  this  estimate,  the  watered  stock 
on  all  the  railroads  is  four  billions,  which  leaves  $29,- 
000  per  mile  for  construction.  But  the  roads  did  not 
cost  that  sum  ;  we  will,  after  a  while,  give  an  estimate 
of  the  cost  of  construction.  A  black  Republican  serf, 
liar,  and  slave  is  at  all  times  ready  to  vindicate  the  acts 
of  his  masters  ;  it  does  not  make  how  heinous,  and 
criminal,  and  villainous  those  acts  are.  Are  your  eyes 
somewhat  opened,  Mr.  Stygian,  black  Republican  serf 
and  slave.  O,  no !  the  light  will  not  penetrate  to 
those  eyes  ;  they  are  blind  as  the  fishes  in  the  Mam- 
moth Cave — they  have  no  eyes.  Now,  we  are  aston- 
ished that  there  would  be  any  mortal  thing  in  this  civ- 
ilized country,  who  calls  himself  human,  that  would 
assist  any  miscreant  bandits  to  water  stock  to  the 
amount  of  four  billions  of  dollars.  But  it  is  certain- 
ly so,  and  the  thieves  and  robbers  are  in  our  midst, 
taking  our  substance ;  and  yet  the  infernal  scamps,  no 
doubt,  do  sleep  well  at  night.  That  can  only  be  ac- 
counted for,  that  they  have  no  conscience,  no  virtue, 
no  morals,  no  honor,  no  shame,  no  feeling  of  a  human 
being;  as  obtuse  as  a  brute  in  humanity;  black  as 
Erebus  ;  no  soul — a  perfect  brute.  Doing  all  he  can 
to  enslave,,  bind,  fetter,  shackle  his  own  fiesh  and  blood, 
and  his  fellow  mortal,  by  passing  laws,  and  upholding 
any  vicious  and  criminal  act  that  transfers  the  prop- 
erty of  the  poor  into   the  coffers  of  the  infernal,  rob_ 


RAILROAD.  789 

birig  aristocrat,  and  by  so  doing  makes  slaves  of  more 
than  eleven-twelfths  of  the  human  family.  And  what 
does  the  fool  get  by  so  doing  ?  Nothing.  Hut  why 
does  he  do  such  a  wicked,  heinous,  atrocious,  nefari- 
ous, flagitious  and  vile  act  for  ?  To  gratify  his  party  en- 
mity to  his  political  opponents,  because  he  is  a  land 
pirate,  a  Siberian  bloodhound,  a  saurian,  and  barba- 
rian. 

The  number  (by  Poor's  Manual)  of  miles  of  railroad 
constructed  in  1883  was  6,001  miles,  and  the  basilisks 
said,  and  do  say,  that  the  cost  of  construction  was  $70- 
000  per  mile.  If  it  had  been  a  few  miles,  and  much 
tunnelling  to  have  done,  it  would  be  possible ;  but 
Poor,  in  his  Manual  (which  is  published  nearly  every 
year),  says  that  it  cost  less,  certainly,  than  $30,000  per 
mile ;  so  we  are  robbed  by  an  infamous  and  infernal 
black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy.  Workingman, 
how  long  will  you  tolerate  such  vile  and  diabolical 
robbing,  and  stealing .f*  Unite  and  claim  your  rights 
Your  wages  have  been  stolen  from  you  for  twenty-four 
years;  you  have  worked  for  a  sheep's  head  and  pluck 
a  week,  and  slept  under  a  cart  at  night.  What  say 
you,  will  you  liberate  the  country }  But  says  the  serf, 
slave,  and  fool,  black  Republican,  that  makes  no  dif- 
ference to  us,  what  they  say  the  roads  cost.  Just  like 
the  fool  and  slave,  he  does  not  know  that  the  railroad 
managers  make  us  pay  on  the  watered  stock  the  same 
per  cent.,  just  as  much  as  on  the  actual  cost  of  con- 
struction. So  we  have  to  pay  to  railroads  two  or  three 
times  as  much  as  we  justly  and  equitably  should.  We 
copied  a  few  days  ago  from  an  Eastern  paper,  that 
20  men  in  20  years,  in  the  United  States,  had  made 
$750,000,000.  Now  you  have  a  hint  how  they  made 
it.  I  have  no  doubt  that  they  have  15,000,000,000 
watered  stock  instead  of  4,000,000,000,  and  at  8  per 
cent,  it  amounts  to  400,000,000  of  dollars  a  year  ;  that 
is  the  interest,  and  the  interest  must  be  high  or  they 
would  not  resort  to  that  method  to  make  it.  It  mat- 
ters not  what  they  say  ;  they  no  doubt  say,  under 
oath,  that  the  roads  cost  so  much;  then  you  can  esti- 


790  THE  workingman's  guide. 

mate  what  their  word  is  worth  (all  will  believe  soon), 
that  they  should  not  be  credited  in  any  manner.  An 
oath  of  a  thief  in  his  own  behalf  is  not  worth  anything  ; 
not  a  thought,  and  should  be  so  considered.  The 
railroad  to  the  Pacific  was  talked  of  some  time  before 
it  finally  was  commenced.  But  the  people  wanted  a 
national  highway.  But  we  have  a  continental  high- 
way the  cost  of  which  the  Government  paid  in  gov- 
ernment bonds,  and  a  vast  grant  of  government  land, 
but  which  the  United  States,  without  constitutional 
authority,  gave  away  to  an  unscrupulous,  and  infernal, 
soulless,  and  dishonest,  and  grasping  stygians,  that 
ever  set  foot  on  this  telluric  and  mundane  sphere. 

So  we  have  a  grinding,  debasing,  degrading,  degen- 
erate monopoly,  that  shamefully,  barefacedly,  and  open- 
ly corrupts  the  people's  servants,  and  thereby  rob, 
swindle,  steal,  cheat,  and  corrupt  the  people.  And 
they  have  stolen  such  an  immense  sum  of  money  that 
they  besiege  the  halls  of  Congress,  and  the  courts,  and 
bribe  them  to  pass  such  laws  as  they  want,  and  cor- 
rupt the  courts  to  give  such  decisions  as  their  interests 
require,  and  subsidize  Congress  to  smother  legislation, 
and  kill  bills  in  congressional  committees.  Up  to 
1862  the  Chinese  in  California  did  not  exceed  40,000 
in  all,  but  the  railroad  despots  and  tyrants,  out  of  ha- 
tred to  the  white  workingman,  no  doubt,  as  they  hate 
him  and  fear  him,  and  they  may  well  fear  him  because 
at  some  future  day  the  workingman  will  claim  his  long 
deferred  rights,  and  make  it  as  hot  as  a  comet  in  its 
perihelion  for  those  lying  thieves.  The  time  will  cer- 
tainly come  when  the  workingmen  must  rule  the  land. 
It  is  natural,  it  is  right,  it  is  best  for  all  concerned,  it 
is  honest ;  we  cannot  have  honest  government  without 
the  workingman  ruling;  then  we  will  have  equal  and 
exact  justice  to  all  men,  not  before  then.  As  long  as 
aristocracy  rules  this  terrestrial  sphere,  they  will  steal 
all  the  earnings  of  the  workingman.  There  should  be 
none  so  blind  as  not  to  see  that.  You  give  an  aristo- 
crat power,  and  ninety-nine  times  in  one  hundred  he 
will  abuse  the  power.     He  always  has  done  so,  and  he 


RAILROAD.  791 

always  will,  if  he  can  get  the  opportunity.  The  great 
wonder  is  that  he  has  not  been  laid  on  the  shelf  to  stay 
there  long  ago.  He  has  always  been  a  disgrace  to  his 
species,  a  damage  to  his  race,  a  bane  to  society,  a  detri- 
ment to  community,  a  poison  of  the  most  virulent  spe- 
cies to  mankind,  and  the  advent  of  the  millennium  can 
not  be  until  the  Bohon  Upas  is  hurled  from  power. 
As  long  as  he  rules  there  will  be  poverty  and  pauper- 
ism, distress  and  starvation  in  this  fine  land.  The 
white  man  built  the  Atlantic  railroads,  and  the  free 
men  of  the  East  did  good  work,  and  good  luck  will  at- 
tend their  work,  but  the  Chinamen  built  the  Western 
roads,  and  bad  luck  attends  them  by  the  infernal  bad 
management.  They  are  a  blight,  a  vampire,  a  leech, 
a  moth,  a  gangrene,  a  boil,  a  carbuncle,  a  cancer  on 
the  land  of  the  West ;  and  so  it  is  with  most  all  of  the 
works  of  a  vile,  vicious,  and  villainous  aristocracy,  and 
may  Heaven  help  us  to  extirpate  them. 

The  Union  Pacific  claim  that  their  road  of  about  a 
thousand  miles  cost  $90,000,000.  It  leads  from  Oma- 
ha to  Ogden.  The  Wilson  Committee  was  of  the 
opinion  that  $40,000,000  of  that  vast  sum  was  misrep- 
resentation in  the  market,  and  robbery  towards  the 
government  and  the  people ;  and  John  F.  Dillon,  at- 
torney and  counsellor-at-law,  and  representative  of 
the  present  Union  Pacific  Railroad  administration, 
virtually  admits  the  stealing.  There  is  a  clause  in  the 
charter  of  the  Union  Pacific,  that  when  the  earnings 
of  the  road  are  ten  per  cent,  exclusive  of  the  five  per 
cent,  to  be  paid  to  the  government,  then  Congress  may 
reduce  the  fares  and  freights,  and  fix  them  by  law. 
The  roads  now  do  fairly  make  20  to  30v  per  cent,  on 
the  true  amount  of  the  cost  of  the  road ;  but  they 
smother  and  lie  and  conceal  and  prevaricate  and  equiv- 
ocate and  S —  F —  so,  the  truth  is,  the  correct  cost 
cannot  be  ascertained.  The  Central  Pacific  was  not 
at  first  incorporated  by  the  United  States  government, 
and  at  first  was  but  1 15  miles  in  extent,  but  was  after- 
warc^s  extended  eastward  to  meet  the  Union  Pacific. 
The  capital  stock  at  the  incorporation  by  California 


792  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

was  $8,000,000.  The  United  States  government  act, 
making  a  road  eastward  to  the  Union  Pacific,  was 
passed  the  8th  of  October,  1864 — more  than  three 
years  after  the  California  act  of  incorporation,  and  the 
last  act  increased  the  capital  to  $20,000,000,  which 
would  be  a  little  less  than  $25,000  per  mile.  They 
did  not  then  talk  of  over  a  $1,000  to  the  mile,  it  might 
hinder  getting  the  charter.  They  were  mild  and  wily 
and  cautious  thieves  on  the  start ;  they  did  not  then 
feel  so  bloated  and  proud  and  self-important  and  au- 
dacious as  they  do  at  present.  They  knew  then  that 
they  were  not  masters  of  the  State  ;  now  they  think 
they  are  sure  that  they  rule  supreme,  having  thousands 
of  slimy  reptiles,  paid  as  hirelino^s,  to  do  any  infernal 
thing  they  shall  order.  They,  we  hope,  are  mistaken 
in  their  surmisins^s,  but  the  truth  is  unmistakable  that 
the  black  Republican  infernals  are  their  infamous 
tools,  serfs  and  slaves,  to  do  any  act  as  black  as  Ere- 
bus that  is  for  the  interest  of  stygian  basilisks  and  tar- 
tarean  teledus.  So  we  perceive  millions  serving  hun- 
dreds as  slaves  and  serfs,  and  get  nothing,  for  only 
their  masters  grow  rich  without  work,  and  they  grow 
poorer  with  unremitting  and  incessant  toil.  O  you 
fools,  black  Republicans  ! 

The  first  thing  these  Pythons  done  when  they  got 
government  bonds  was  to  draw  money  on  them,  and 
buy  a  railroad  already  built  from  Freeport,  on  the  Sac- 
ramemto  River,  to  the  town  of  Folsom,  in  Sacramento 
county,  a  railroad  extending  in  the  direction  of  the 
State  of  Nevada.  So  the  beginning  of  monopoly  is 
ostensible  in  the  misappropriation  of  sacred  funds  to 
build  a  continental  road,  to  the  vile  use  of  monopoly. 
And  this  is  not  the  only  act  of  infamy  that  the  octopus 
done;  it  used  the  funds  given  for  to  build  a  road  the 
people  were  anxious  to  see  consummated,  to  buying  up 
all  the  coal  oil  in  the  State.  It  is  perceptible  that  these 
barbarians  were  infatuated  with  the  desire  for  gain  to 
that  extent  that  their  brains  were  dizzy,  and  they  had 
no  appropriate  consideration  of  the  legitimate  use  of 
the  government  funds  entrusted  to  their  hands.      Ob- 


RAILROAD.  793 

serve,  they  bought  a  railroad  with  funds  sacred  to  an- 
other purpose,  and  bought  a  road  so  they  could  fetter, 
bind,  tie  and  force  the  people  to  pay  double  freights 
and  fares,  and  fatten  on  the  travail,  toil  and  labor  of  a 
confident  people,  who  thought  the  matter  was  all  right. 
And  notice,  next  they  used  the  government  funds  to 
speculate  in  a  necessary  article  for  the  people,  coal  oil, 
and  advanced  the  price  50  per  cent,  in  the  market  in 
California.  These  are  tartarean  and  vile  transactions. 
They  began  work  in  the  year  1862,  at  Sacramento. 
Their  parasites  eulogized  them  to  the  constellations, 
and  it  is  strange  that  the  barbarians  did  not  place  them 
in  the  starry  heavens  as  gods  among  the  constellations. 
Perhaps  they  were  too  ignorant  to  have  such  an  idea 
enter  their  shallow  craniums ;  no  doubt  the  heart  was 
ripe  for  the  act.  Their  serfs  and  slaves  were  enthused, 
and  all  but  deified  the  octopus.  These  misapplications 
of  sacred  funds  was  a  sad  presagement  for  the  right 
and  dearest  privileges  of  the  people.  The  four  million 
slaves  are  used  to  worshipping  silly  aristocrats,  and 
they  done  so  on  this  occasion.  Poor  serfs  and  servile 
slaves,  they  will  have  a  master.  They  were  held  in  bond- 
age by  -their  fathers  until  they  were  twenty-one,  but 
that  was  not  long  enough  for  them,  so  they  chose  the 
lying,  robbing,  stealing,  codfish  aristocracy  for  their 
new  masters,  and  they  will  serve  them  gratis  all  their 
days,  and  do  anything  they  are  commanded,  it  matters 
not  how  vile  it  is  ;  aristocracy  orders  nothing  else. 

We  shall  beg  our  readers  to  be  patient ;  we  shall 
have  to  use  epithets  so  as  to  tell  the  truth  as  near  as 
we  can  ;  but  no  dictionary  ever  was  made  that  has 
words  that  would  do  justice  to  the  infernal  hydra.  We 
shall  do  our  very  best  to  do  them  justice  ;  but  as  they 
have  no  conscience  nor  shame,  we  cannot  touch  their 
feelings  no  more  than  lead  will  engrave  on  steel.  There 
was  no  risk  in  the  enterprise  of  building  the  Central 
and  Union  Pacific  Railroads;  the  government  gave 
them  more  than  three  to  five  times  what  the  road  cost 
in  money  and  land.  And  the  intention  was  by  Con- 
gress to  build  up  a  gigantic  corporation,  to  rob,  steal. 


794  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

enslave,  corrupt,  and  degrade  the  people  of  this  coast, 
and  their  object  has  been  well  nigh  accomplished 
— for  it  is  verily  so  ;  they  have  nearly  accomplished 
their  object.  They  have  corrupted  thousands  and  im- 
poverished tens  of  thousands,  and  stolen  the  money  of 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  men.  So  much 
it  has  cost  this  State  to  build  the  railroads  ;  the  like 
of  it  never  was  seen  in  any  time  or  country.  And 
they  have  the  shameless  idea  that  they  are  public  ben- 
efactors, when  they  are  public  thieves  and  robbers. 
We  shall  have  to  ventilate  this  secret  business  of 
watering  stock.  C.  A.  Sumner,  by  an  indirect  way, 
makes  the  cost  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  to  be 
some  over  $16,000  to  the  mile.  It  can  be  seen  on 
page  twenty-five,  in  the  speech  he  made  in  the  House 
of  Representatives,  at  Washington,  June  19th,  1884. 
There  is  nearly  always  more  than  one  mode  to  solve 
a  difficult  question  ;  and  what  makes  this  a  difficult 
question  is,  that  the  railroad  men  will  not  report  the 
cost  of  the  roads.  We  wonder  if  that  does  not  make 
some  color  come  into  the  cheeks  of  the  infernal  scamp, 
the  four  millions  serfs,  slaves,  thieves,  and  fools.  No ; 
we  were  too  fast — no  blush,  no  shame — they  have  no 
conception  of  any  such  a  thing  ;  all  they  care  is  to 
serve  their  masters  and  defeat  the  Democrats  ;  it  mat- 
ters not  how  they  do  it.  It  has  been  said  that  it  is 
impossible  to  come  at  the  actual  cost  of  the  Central 
and  Union  Pacific  roads ;  but  we  will  endeavor  to 
come  as  near  as  we  can.  The  reason  that  we  cannot 
get  at  the  cost  of  the  roads  is,  that  the  Black  Repub- 
lican  serfs,  slaves,  thieves,  and  fools  do  not  care  to  find 
it  out ;  their  whole  end  and  aim  is  to  obey  the  ipse 
dixit  of  their  masters.  If  they  were  good  citizens,  the 
cost  of  the  roads  would  soon  be  ascertained;  but  the 
four  millions  serfs,  slaves,  and  thieves  do  their  very 
best  to  rob  and  plunder  the  people,  and  give  it  to  their 
infernal  and  tartarean  slave-makers  and  anacondas. 
It  makes  a  person  sorrowful,  sad,  and  weary  to  wade 
through  slime,  fifth,  and  false  swearing,  lying,  steal- 
ing, and  robbing  of  the  people,  as  the  black  Republican 


RAILROAD.  795 

codfish  aristocracy  do,  with  the  help  of  their  four  mil- 
lions serfs,  liars,  slaves,  thieves,  robbers,  and  merciless 
marauders  and  predacians.  Before  giving  or  endeav- 
oring to  give  the  cost  of  the  roads  by  the  contractors, 
let  us  enumerate  the  actual  gifts  the  road  received 
from  the  people. 

From  the  State  of  California,  interest  on  $1,500,000 

of  bonds  for  thirty  years $  3,150,000.00 

From  San  Joaquin  County 350,000.00 

From  Placer  County 350,000.00 

From  City  of  Placerville 100,000.00 

From  City  and  County  of  Sacramento 250,000.00 

From  City  and  County  of  San  Francisco 650,000.00 

From  Tuolumne  County 50,000.00 

From  Calaveras  County 50,000.00 

From  lands  in  San  Francisco,  Sacramento  and  Oak- 
land    7,750,000.00 

From  lands  sold 5,002,162.00 

From  lands  unsold,  at  same  rates  as  those  sold.  .  .  .  51,355,587-85 
The  above  land  is  10,588,781  acres  at  $4.^5,  granted 
to  the  Western  Pacific,  and  which  they  surren- 
dered to  Charles  McLaughlin  when  turned  over 
to  the  Central  Pacific  the  road,  and  of  the  West- 
ern Pacific  1,100,000  acres,  worth  $10  an  acre.  .  11,000,000.00 

$80,357,750.85 

And  while  we  are  on  this  subject,  let  us  show  you 
the  land  grant,  absolute  and  entire,  to  the  Union  Pa- 
cific Company. 

Value  of  lands  sold $17,960,100.80 

Value  of  lands  unsold  at  the  same  price  as  above.  .  .  .    65,092,500.00 

Total  lands  given  to  Union  Pacific   Company $83,052,600.80 

Making  to  both  Pacific  Companies  $163,410,350.65. 
This  estimate  does  not  include  the  United  States  sub- 
sidy bonds.  We  have  confined  the  gifts  made  to 
what  now  constitute  the  Central  and  Union  Pacific 
Railroad  Companies.  And  in  any  light,  these  gifts 
are  more  than  sufficient  to  build  1,779  miles,  that  being 
both  roads. 

Dillon  says  the  Union  Pacific  cost  $90,000,000,  but 
admits  that  Wilson  makes  it  less  than  $50,000,000,  so 
that  the  aid  in  lands  alone  given  to  the  gorgon  Union 


796  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

Pacific  Railroad  Company,  is  over  ^33,000,000  more 
than  the  highest  estimate  of  the  principal  lines.  Tak- 
ing the  Central  Pacific  dragon  in  the  same  way ;  and 
what  do  we  find  that  the  reported  cost  of  the  railroad 
is?  ^103,414  per  mile.  By  this  the  aggregate,  $76,- 
216,118,  or  $4,141,632  less  than  the  value  of  the  gifts 
made  to  this  company.  No  wonder  that  they  could 
build  fine  mansions  and  buy  fine  tracts  of  land  ;  pur- 
chase blood  horses,  keep  race  horses  ;  and  build  extra 
railroads.  All  this  was  money  taken  unconstitutionally 
from  the  pockets  of  the  people,  by  a  servile,  and  corrupt, 
and  degraded,  and  infamous,  and  villainous  Congress 
of  the  United  States.  But  the  ignominious  iniquity 
and  nefarious  transaction,  that  never  had  a  parallel  in 
any  country,  is  yet  to  be  unfolded.  The  hydra  serfs 
called  Congress  of  the  United  States  loaned — we  say 
gave,  because  they  never  intended  to  pay  it,  and  Con- 
gress will  sustain  them  in  the  villainy ;  and  the  four 
millions  serfs,  and  slaves,  and  thieves  are  all  their  own, 
they  will  obey  the  word  of  command  at  a  moment's 
notice — we  said  loaned,  but  we  retract  that  error  and 
say  they  gave  in  United  States  bonds  ;  and  it  was  easy 
to  give  others'  money.  If  it  had  been  their  own,  the 
infernal  scamps  would  have  closed  their  safes  and  said, 
We  will  consider  the  matter  awhile. 

Bonds  to  the  Central  Pacific  Company $25,882,020 

Bonds  to  the  Western  Pacific  Division 1,970,560 

Making  a  total  of $27,855,680 

To  the  Union  Pacific 27,236,512 

To  the  Kansas  Division 6,303,000 

Making  a  total  of 33)539.5 12 

Makinij  to  both  roads $61,395,192 

What  did  the  Central  road  cost?  We  will  give  you 
various  estimates  of  the  cost  of  the  railroad,  per  mile. 
Commissioner  Armstrong  makes  it,  in  his  report  for 
1883,  puts  the  cost  of  the  railroad  $121,665.27.  He 
also  makes  an  estimate  of  $103,414.38.  Preposterous, 
outlandish,  and  from  three  to  five  times  the  cost  of  the 
road.  We  will  wager  that  the  miscreant  was  paid 
doubly  for  those  estimates.     Mr.  J udah  estimated  that 


RAILROAD,  797 

it  would  cost  ^43,75 1 — double  the  truth,  we  think.    We 
will  wager  that  he  was  paid. 

Railroad  Commissioner  Foote,  in  a  report  of  his, 
says  the  first  fifty  miles  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  moun- 
tains cost  about  $64,429  per  mile.  When  you  make 
a  comparison  from  this  with  the  six  hundred  miles  in 
Nevada  and  Utah,  which  were  constructed  at  a  far  less 
sum,  you  will  see  that  by  this  data  alone  there  is  a 
concealment  of  the  cost  of  construction  of  the  road. 
And  Charles  Crocker  admits  that  the  first  eighteen 
miles  of  the  Central  Pacific  cost  only  $400,000,  or 
$22,222  per  mile.  The  United  States  gave  their  bonds 
to  these  imps  for  $640,000,  which  Crocker  says  was 
built  for  $400,000,  leaving  $240,000  the  hydras  had  left 
to  buy  oil  and  railroads.  The  Central  Pacific  averaged 
less  than  six  feet  tunneling  per  mile.  The  Southern 
Pacific  averaged  nearly  twenty-one  and  a  half  feet  per 
mile — four  times,  nearly,  as  much  as  the  Central  Pa- 
cific ;  yet  the  basilisks  make  the  Central  Pacific  cost 
$21,539.73  more  than  the  Southern  Pacific.  And  the 
most  of  all  of  the  Central  Pacific  that  is  only  a  small 
portion  but  what  is  on  a  dead  level.  While  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  had  only  one  range  of  mountains  to  cross, 
the  Southern  had  three  ranges  to  cross,  the  Coast 
Range  and  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  Gorgonio  Pass. 
But  the  cost  of  a  road  is  in  somewhat  the  near  propor- 
tion to  another  road  as  their  average  grades  are  to 
each  other  ;  that  is,  a  road  having  double  the  average 
grade  will  cost  about  double  the  price  for  construction. 
This  data  for  cost  is  used  because  the  Central  Boa 
Constrictor  tells  the  most  unreasonable  tales  about  its 
construction,  so  by  the  grade  and  tunnelings  we  can 
make  an  approximate  estimate  of  the  construction. 
These  railroad  managers  are  the  greatest  cheats, 
thieves,  liars,  swindlers  and  extortionists  that  the  four 
winds  of  heaven  ever  blew  over;  and  all  these  epithets 
are  proved  by  the  proposition  that  they  have  watered 
their  stock  shamefully,  and  the  Central  Python  takes 
the  premium  for  bold  villainy.  The  average  grade  per 
mile,  remember,  of  the  Central  Belial  is  thirteen  and 


798  THE  workingman's  guide. 

six-tenths  feet  per  mile,  and  the  Southern  Anaconda 
sixty-eight  feet  per  mile,  or  nearly  five  times  as  great 
as  the  Central  Hydra.  The  reader  must  notice  that 
one  item  has  to  be  considered.  The  steel  rails  are  the 
same  on  one  as  the  other,  tunneling  nearly  four  times 
as  much,  and  the  grade  five  times  as  much,  but  the 
iron  or  rather  steel  rails  remain  the  same.  And  still 
another  factor  is  to  be  considered  to  give  a  correct,  or 
a  nearly  correct,  idea.  The  factor  last  spoken  of  is 
rolling  stock,  which  costs  about  half  as  much  as  the 
rails  of  steel  and  ties.  It  appears  that  two  factors  in 
the  two  roads  remain  the  same.  We  received  this 
manner  of  finding  the  cost  of  the  road  from  a  friend. 
It  is  in  this  manner  he  gets  at  the  cost  of  a  road :  the 
grades  ef  each  being  given,  and  the  cost  of  one  to  get 
the  cost  of  the  other.  Rule — the  costs  of  railroads 
are  proportioned  as  their  grades.  This  rule  is  faulty, 
and  does  not  hold  good.  If  the  other  factors  were  in 
the  same  proportion,  then  the  rule  would  be  correct ; 
but  cost  of  road-bed  and  rolling  stock  remaining  the 
same,  the  rule  does  not  hold  good.  The  same  with 
land,  or  square  measure.  Two  parcels  of  land,  the 
sides  of  which  are  similar  and  in  proportion,  the  areas 
are  to  each  other  as  the  squares  of  the  similar  sides  ; 
but  in  the  second  lot,  if  this  proportion  of  the  sides  is 
not  the  same,  then  that  rule  is  erroneous.  Again  in 
solid  measure  :  two  solids  have  their  three  sides  pro- 
portioned, then  the  contents  of  the  solids  are  to 
each  other  as  the  cubes  of  their  similar  sides  ;  but  if 
the  two  solids  have  one  side  in  each  the  same,  then  if 
the  other  two  are  proportioned,  the  contents  are  to 
each  other  as  the  squares  of  their  similar  and  propor- 
tioned sides.  We  dislike  to  correct  a  friend,  but  our 
motto  from  the  beginning  was  to  tell  the  truth,  and 
correct  friend  or  foe,  no  partiality  to  be  shown  to  black 
Republican,  codfish,  infernal  aristocracy,  and  also, 
none  to  Democracy.  Besides,  leading  the  people 
astray  by  false  statements  is  not  democratic,  as  that  is 
not  honest  government,  and  is  not  "  equal  and  exact 
justice  to  all   men,"  the  motto  of  Jefferson,  the  father 


RAILROADS.  799 

of  Democracy,  And  besides,  the  cost  of  the  Southern 
•Pacific  (by  which  the  Central  was  compared)  we  have 
no  doubt  was  estimated  three  to  five  times  too  high, 
and  to  assume  that  that  estimate  is  correct  will  not  do 
to  predicate  an  estimate  upon.  But  we  have  a  better 
way  to  go  after  the  tartarean  salamanders  than  that. 
The  steel  rail  on  the  railroad  weighs  about  twenty-sev- 
en pounds  to  the  foot.  As  there  are  two  rails,  the 
weight  per  foot  will  be  twenty-seven  multiplied  by 
two,  which  is  fifty-four  pounds  per  foot  of  road  ;  and 
the  cost  per  pound  of  the  steel  rails  is  about  one  and  a 
half  cents  per  pound.  Fifty-four  multiplied  by  one 
and  a  half  is  eighty-one  cents,  and  the  ties  cost  about 
thirty-eight  cents  a  piece,  and  are  about  two  feet  apart, 
so  one  foot  of  ties  cost  thirty-eight  divided  by  two, 
which  is  nineteen,  and  nineteen  for  ties  added  to 
eighty-one  for  steel  rails,  makes  $i  for  a  foot. 


CHAPTER  LIII. 

RAILROADS. 

One  dollar  a  foot,  and  as  there  are  five  thousand, 
two  hundred  and  eighty  feet  in  a  miile,  it  makes  the 
cost  of  rails  and  ties  ^5,280  per  mile.  The  road-bed, 
that  is,  grading,  tunneling;  trestle-work  grading  va- 
ries according  to  grade,  and  the  amount  of  tunneling, 
which  is  expensive.  We  shall  put  it  in  ordinary 
grades,  &c.,  at  $1,500  a  mile,  and  rolling  stock,  which 
also  varies.  We  shall  set  down  an  average  price,  which 
will  include  all  stock,  and  also  buildings,  at  $3,000  a 
mile,  and  for  contingencies  we  will  add  a  thousand  dol- 
lars, which,  altogether,  makes  $10,780  for  one  mile. 
But  we  have  another  mode  of  getting  at  the  cost  of 
the  Central  Pacific.  Here  is  a  copy  of  the  affidavit  E. 
H.  Miller  filed  with  the  State  Board  of  Equalization, 
showing  the  value  of  the  Central  Pacific  railroad  to  be 
but  $10,535.96  per  mile,  less  than  the  estimate  we  have 


8oO  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

made.  The  entire  length  of  the  road,  Central  Pacific, 
in  California,  owned  by  the  company  is  602.22  miles  ; 
then  follows  the  number  of  miles  in  each  county. 
Then  follows  an  estimate  of  the  rolling  stock  for  the 
whole  distance,  602.22  miles.  We  give  it  the  same  as 
the  affidavit : 

122  Locomotives  (5,200) $  634,400 

12  Sleeping  Cars  (3,000) 36,000 

87  Passenger  Cars  (1,400) 1 2 1,800 

65   Emigrant  and  Smoking  Cars  (1,000) 65,000 

32  Baggage,  Express  and  Mail  Cars  (800) 25,600 

44  Caboose  (700) *  30,800 

1,629  Box  Freight  Cars  (800) 651,000 

1,290  Flat  Freight  Cars  (250) 322,500 

360  Dump,  hand,  section,  and  all  other  cars  (71.66) 25,800 


Total  value $1,913,600 

Then  follows  a  description  of  the  road,  which  we 
omit. 

The  following  shows  the  value  of  said  property  on 
the  first  Monday  of  March,  aforesaid,  meridian,  the 
gross  earnings  of  the  entire  railway,  and  the  propor- 
tionate annual  gross  earnings  of  the  same  in  this  State, 
as  near  as  practicable,  for  the  year  ending  first  Mon- 
day in  March,  1881,  and  all  the  property  of  every  kind 
situate  in  this  State  owned  by  said  company,  and  its 
value.  The  above  figures  do  not  agree  in  their  esti- 
mates with  the  figures  the  officers  of  the  company 
gave  in  reports  in  times  heretofore.  Infernal  Ophid- 
ians !    These    are : 

miller's  affidavit. 

Per  Mile. 

Franchise,  602.22  miles $  25.00 

Roadway  and  bed,  602.22  miles 1,682.00 

Rails,  602.22  miles 5,576.00 

Rolling  Stock,  602.22  miles 3,177.00 


Total  cost  per  mile  by  Miller's  affidavit $10,535.00 

ANNUAL    EARNINGS    FOR  THE  YEAR  ENDING   JANUARY  I,    1 88 1. 

Annual  gross  earnings  for  the  year,  2,644.95  miles.  .  .$20,508,111.88 
Proportionate  annual  gross  earnings  in  the  State 12,119,482.00 


RAILROADS.  8oi 

State  of  California, 


City  and  County  of  San  Francisco,  j 

I,  E.  H.  Miller,  Jr.,  being  sworn,  depose  and  say 
that  I  am  the  Secretary  of  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road Company,  the  principal  place  of  business  of  which 
Company  is  in  the  City  and  County  of  San  Francisco, 
State  of  California  ;  that  the  foregoing  statement  is 
in  all  respects  correct  and  true. 

E.  H.  Miller,  Jr. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this  24th  day  of 
March,  1881. 

Charles  F.  Torbert, 
Notary  Public  in  and  for  the  City  and  County  of  San 

Francisco,  State  of  California. 

Mr.  A.  N.  Towne,  General  Superintendent  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  states  that  for  tax- 
able purposes  the  whole  of  the  Central  Pacific  and  the 
Southern  Pacific  is  worth  only  $11,600,  taking  a  dis- 
tance of  two  thousand  and  twenty-one  miles,  which  is 
about  what  we  estimated.  By  these  statements,  by 
one  under  oath,  there  is  a  gigantic  swindle.  When 
they  talk  of  freights  and  fares,  the  road  then  costs  over 
a  hundred  thousand  dollars  a  mile  ;  and  when  they 
talk  of  taxation,  then  the  road  costs  ten  or  eleven 
thousand  dollars.  Now,  in  the  name  of  humanity  and 
civilized  life,  how  can  it  be  that  such  an  anaconda  can 
be  tolerated  in  a  civilized  community  and  an  enlight- 
ened government,  is  past  solution.  Congress  bought 
and  sold  like  swine  in  the  sty,  and  courts  and  juries 
l^ribed  and  corrupted  like  brutes  in  the  stalls,  and 
voters  influenced  with  money  like  cattle  in  the  sham- 
bles, and  the  country  given  away  by  the  four  million 
serfs  and  thieves ;  and  the  aristocracy  have  stolen 
more  than  forty  billions  of  dollars  from  the  people  in 
twenty-four  years,  and  still  they  are  stealing. 

But  look  at  it  in  another  light,  what  the  infamous 
Congressmen  have  given  away  to  an  infernal  band  of 
liars  and  thieves.  The  bonded  debt  of  the  Central 
Pacific  on  the  line  fi'om  Sacramento  to  Ogden 

51 


802  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

First  mortgage  $19,505,000  land  grant $10,000,000 

Additional  grant  1,500,000  California  State  aid 1,500,000 

First  mortgage  6,378,000  United  States  bonds 25,885,120 

Add  bonds  of  city  and  county, 1,000,000 

And  we  have  a  total  of. $65,768,120 

Now  subtract  from  this  the  cost  of  737  miles  of  rail- 
road at  $16,374  per  mile,  and  we  have  left  as  clear 
gain  $53,688,893;  that  is,  $16,374  multiplied  by  737 
equals  $12,079,227  cost  of  Central  Pacific;  and  take 
that  from  $65,768,120  and  we  have  what  the  man-eat- 
ers had  left  to  buy  oil,  and  raise  it  on  the  people  fifty 
per  cent.,  and  having  the  aid  of  $23,000,000  more  in 
bonds,  they  could  draw  dividends.  This  is  a  fine  busi- 
ness, for  the  people's  servants  to  give  away  $54,000,000 
to  a  set  of  villains,  to  corrupt,  and  degrade,  and  enslave 
the  people  with  their  own  money.  But  such  is  life  of 
an  Erebus  aristocracy  in  the  State  of  California.  Ay, 
we  may  say  that  Mark  Hopkins,  one  of  them,  was 
worth  but  $14,300  in  the  year  1878.  He  died  worth 
over  thirty  millions,  he  having  a  fourth  interest  in  the 
Central  Pacific.  Workingmen,  so  your  money  goes. 
You  work  like  a  slave,  and  the  lying,  stealing  drones 
take  the  avails  of  your  labor.  How  long  will  you  be 
robbed  in  that  manner .f*  It  is  high  time  that  your 
turn  comes  to  administer  the  government.  Only  make 
up  your  minds  that  you  will  rule  and  unite,  and  the 
day  will  soon  be  yours,  and  the  drones,  like  bumble  bee 
drones,  can  lay  about  in  the  shade,  and  finally  starve. 
But  you  must  hate,  detest,  despise  and  abominate  the 
thieves,  that  so  long,  for  thousands  of  years,  have  stol- 
en you  as  poor  as  a  church  mouse.  Why  will  you  be 
so  easy,  and  let  the  thieves  take  your  hearts'  blood, 
and  take  the  bread  from  your  wives  and  children,  who 
are  suffering,  starving;  and  the  infamous  reptiles  are 
having  their  midnight  saturnalian  feasts  and  orgies. 
Come,  workingman,  let  us  see  what  you  can  do  about 
driving  the  robbing  drones  out  of  the  hive.  They 
should  give  room  for  workers,  and  they  cost  the  work- 
ingman billions  yearly,  and  have  no  profit  in  them. 
It  is  hard  to  keep  such  extravagant  drones.     Let  us 


RAILROADS.  803 

ventilate  the  Union  Pacific  Company.  It  was  organ- 
ized to  build  a  railroad  from  Omaha  to  Ogden,  1042 
miles,  but  by  organizing  with  other  companies,  and  it 
has  acquired  1,820  miles  of  its  own,  and  has  built  be- 
sides 2,872  miles  under  twenty-two  companies.  Out 
of  the  aid  given  by  government  to  build  1042  miles  of 
road,  the  company  has  built  and  acquired  4892  miles 
of  road.  A  black  scamp  would  say  that  was  all  right. 
These  4892  miles  are  built  under  twenty-five  compan- 
ies all  charged  against  the  original  company.  We  shall 
notice  a  few  of  the  absurd  and  conspicuous  points  of 
the  miscreant,  who,  as  a  tool  of  the  company,  said  that 
the  indebtedness  of  the  road  was  $10,400,000,  which 
is  not  true.  Since  the  president's  report,  the  indebted- 
ness was  only  $52,598  on  land  grant  mortgage.  This 
is  the  road  that  had  Congress  pass  a  law  making  the 
company's  indebtedness  to  the  Credit  Mobilier  Com- 
pany (that  was  themselves)  preference  over  the  govern- 
ment. By  reference  to  President  Dillon's  report,  on 
pages  twelve  and  thirteen.  Pacific  and  Northern  Pa- 
cific land  grants,  to  December  31,  1882,  were  nearly 
eighteen  millions  of  dollars,  leaving  at  the  same  rate 
sixty-five  million  dollars  worth  unsold.  The  land  giv- 
en to  the  Hydras  was  more  than  the  funded  debt  of 
the  road,  and  the  stocks  and  bonds  of  their  other  roads, 
nearly  $45,000,000,  would  pay  all  the  debts  of  the  com- 
pany. So  it  appears  that  Congress  gave  them  more 
than  double  to  pay  for  building  the  road.  So  they 
could  buy  up  voters,  and  monopolize  oil,  and  buy  up 
competitive  lines,  and  charge  the  people  double  freight - 
and  fares,  and  impoverish  the  people,  and  make  slaves 
of  them.  That  was  the  intention,  and  it  is  nearly  ac- 
complished. So  it  is  with  a  villainous  and  venomous 
aristocracy,  and  there  never  existed  a  greater  set  of 
thieves  than  the  black  Republican  Congress  has  been 
for  the  last  twenty-four  years.  The  black  Republicans 
have  acted  like  a  man  having  a  superb  farm,  and  not 
being  able  to  improve  it  splendidly  as  soon  as  he 
would  like  to,  should  say  to  an  octopus,  If  you  will  fur- 
nish this  farm  magnificently,  I  will  give  you  a  deed  of 


8o4  THE  workingman's  guide. 

it  forever.  Agreed,  says  the  dragon,  and  he  took  the 
deed,  and  he  furnished  the  farm  in  style.  But  what 
good  did  the  farmer  get  by  that  bargain?  That  is  just 
what  the  infernal  fools  and  scamps  have  been  doing 
with  this  country.  They  have  given  it  away  to  a  flock 
of  gull-catchers,  and  have  nothing  left. 

Instead  of  the  Union  and  Central  Pacific  roads' 
managers  paying  up  the  government  what  is  due 
them,  they  have  bought  roads  and  built  roads ;  if 
they  paid,  we  cannot  say.  For  the,  year  ending  Dec. 
31,  1882,  the  gross  earning  of  the  Union  Pacific  was 
nearly  $23,000,000,  and  the  surplus  nearly  $i  1,000,000. 
The  surplus  earnings  were  over  $12,000,000.  Bear  in 
mind  that  the  road  did  not  cost  them  one  penny. 
What  the  government  gave  the  Central  and  Union 
Pacific  was  more  than  enough  to  build  two  such  roads. 
Then  you  would  think  that  they  would  have  soul 
enough  to  pay  the  government  when  they  got  the 
money.  Not  so.  They  will  build  more  roads,  and  in 
the  end  the  government  can  whistle  for  their  pay  ;  and 
if  the  government  asks  the  companies  for  pay,  they 
will  put  their  thumb  between  the  first  and  second  fin- 
ger, and  show  them  that,  and  laugh  in  their  faces,  and 
say  J^uo,  which  means,  A  fig  for  you.  We  tell  you, 
again,  that  they  never  intend  to  pay  the  government ; 
and  the  infernal  black  Congressmen  and  the  lying  four 
million  serfs,  and  slaves,  and  thieves  will  say  the  com- 
pany did  not  owe  the  government  a  farthing ;  that  the 
government  owes  them,  as  the  roads  have  been  worth 
two  to  three  hundred  millions  to  the  country,  and  all 
the  infernal  thieves  and  robbers  will  say  the  govern- 
ment should  pay  the  roads  $100,000,000.  Now  this  is 
just  like  the  infernal  Gorgons,  and  all  the  demons  will 
rejoice  with  exceeding  gladness,  and  have  a  saturnalian 
feast  on  some  of  the  money  they  stole  from  the  people. 
And  if  any  measures  are  taken  to  get  any  money  or 
land  from  the  railroads,  what  does  the  infamous,  infer- 
nal Congress  do  ?  They  oppose  it,  and  every  one  can 
see  that  the  four  million  serfs,  slaves,  liars,  cheats  and 
thieves,  and  robbers  owe  us  a  spite,  and  are  determined 


RAILROADS.  805 

to  give  their  country  away,  so  as  to  make  us  slaves 
like  themselves.  Every  man  of  sense  and  reason  can 
see  that  is  the  case.  In  the  last  twenty-four  years  they 
have  given  away  to  the  aristocracy  more  than  the 
country  is  worth.  In  that  time  they  have  made  noth- 
ing themselves.  There  never  was  a  parallel  to  the 
stealing  that  has  been  done  in  this  government  for  the 
last  twenty-four  years.  We  say  to  the  workingmen, 
Unite,  every  one  of  you,  and  strike  for  }our  liberty  ; 
strike  for  freedom,  and  for  the  freedom  of  posterity! 
And  every  one  of  you  vote  against  the  infernal  thieves. 
A  workingman  who  votes  the  black  ticket  has  no  sense. 
By  report  of  the  President  of  the  Union  Pacific  for 
the. year  1882.  the  surplus  earnings  were  as  before 
stated — over  $12,000,000.  But  they  had  other  funds 
they  acquired  invested,  to  make  the  surplus  earnings 
over  $14,000,000.  But  they  did  not  pay  the  govern- 
ment. They  declared  a  dividend  of  over  $4,260,- 
780.  Remember,  all  this  money  is  drawn  from  the 
pockets  of  the  people  and  given  to  these  scamps  for 
nothing.  But  why  did  not  the  government  build  the 
road  itself  .f*  I'll  tell  you  why,  then.  The  aristocracy 
could  not  have  stealings  of  millions  of  dollars  to  buy, 
corrupt,  degrade,  and  enslave  the  people,  and  have 
money  to  buy  more  congressmen  and  voters.  But 
see  the  infamy.  Look  at  the  report  of  Union  Pacific, 
page  6;  at  the  bottom  of  the  page  is  found  in  italics, 
meaning  that  it  was  true :  "  The  gross  earnings  of  the 
Union  Paci^c  system,  including  branch  lines,  amount- 
ed to  the  sum  of  $30,363,927.75  for  the  year  1882." 
By  looking  at  page  seven  of  the  same  annual  report 
for  1882,  you  find  the  gross  earnings  named  in  the  table 
to  be  $22,823,884.24.  You  see  that  they  did  not  like 
to  let  the  people  know  what  vast  sums  they  made  out 
of  the  money  the  infernal  Congress  gave  them  for 
nothing.  Keep  in  mind  that  Congress  gave  each  of 
the  two  roads  money  and  land  more  than  double  what 
it  cost  to  build  the  roads.  And  the  four  million 
scamps  and  villains  say  all  right.  You  see,  working- 
men,   where   your  earnings  go  to  ;  you  do  not  get  a 


8o6  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GlIDE. 

tenth  part  in  the  end  what  you  should  have.  We  say, 
workingmen,  arise  in  your  might,  and  claim  your 
right.  They  made  money  so  fast  they  did  not  know 
what  to  do  with  it.  After  making  a  dividend  of  over 
four  and  a  fourth  millions,  they  bought  nearly  seven- 
teen thousand  tons  of  steel  rails,  laid  nearly  seven  hun- 
dred thousand  new  oak,  cedar  and  pine  ties,  .built  six 
iron  truss  bridges,  built  thirty-seven  new  side  tracks. 
All  this  they  done  with  the  people's  money,  that  the 
infamous  and  infernal  Congress  gave  to  the  tartarean 
and  diabolical  aristocracy  for  nothing,  that  they  could 
have  power  to  degrade  the  people  ;  and  the  four  mil- 
lion serfs  and  slaves  teach  to  the  people  orally  that 
there  are  no  honest  men  in  the  country.  Fine  to  get  fat 
on  the  people  by  stealing  and  robbing  them,  and  then 
teach  the  rising  generation  that  there  are  no  honest 
men  in  the  country.  Those  who  have  sense  should 
see  that  they  intend  to  degrade  and  make  the  people 
immoral,  so  they  can  buy  and  enslave  the  people. 

The  Central  and  the  Union  Pacific  are  the  greatest 
thieves  of  all  the  railroad  managers.  They  say  their 
roads  cost  more  than  any  other  roads,  when  in  fact 
they  cost  less,  especially  the  Central  Pacific.  The 
point  the  people  mistake  is:  they  have  an  idea  that 
the  road  has  many  obstacles  to  contend  with.  Look 
at  the  grade  and  tunnels,  and  you  will  be  surprised 
how  level  the  Central  Pacific  road  is.  Mr.  Sumner  says 
the  profits  on  the  Union  Pacific  in  1882  was  about 
40  per  cent.  Keep  in  mind  that  the  Central  Pacific 
estimates  of  construction  range  from  $123,000  to  $50- 
000  per  mile;  and  as  but  little  tunneling  and  grading 
had  to  be  done,  it  cost  less  than  $15,000  per  mile.  See 
the  affidavit  of  E.  A.  Miller,  which  says  that  the  cost 
in  the  State  of  California  was  $10,535  per  mile,  and 
that  is  probably  near  the  mark  ;  and  we  shall  adopt 
that  price  as  a  basis  of  our  calculation.  And  notice 
E.  A.  Miller  gave  in  a  sworn  statement.  He  says  the 
earnings  of  the  road  in  the  State  of  California  was  over 
twelve  millions  of  dollars  a  year,  that  is  $20,000  a  mile; 
and  no  doubt  with  discreet  financeering  about  $12,000 


RAILROADS.  807 

a  mile  was  clear  profit,  all  for  nothing;  as  they  had  no 
money  to  mention  at  the  start.  Such  is  strategy  in  Cali- 
fornia, and  so  you  can  see  what  an  infamous  Congress 
can  do  with  the  people's  money.  But  they  no  doubt 
had  good  pay;  and  they  played  into  each  other's  hands. 
Workingmen,  how  long  will  you  tolerate  such  infernal 
swindling  ?  We  tell  you  plainly,  that  if  you  do  not  stop 
it  soon  you  will  be  serfs,  liars,  thieves  and  slaves,  as 
bad  as  the  four  million  diabolical  and  tartarean  liars 
and  thieves  are.  We  say  again,  we  must  hate  liars, 
thieves  and  robbers  ;  and  love  justice,  and  equality,  and 
truth,  and  veracity,  and  honesty,  and  virtue  ;  and  then 
we  have  to  abhor,  detest,  abominate,  and  loathe  the 
black  Republican,  infernal,  lying,  thieving,  robbing, 
stealing,  codfish  aristocracy.  They  are  the  greatest 
thieves  the  world  has  ever  produced.  (See  the  bill.) 
And  as  soon  as  we  hate  thieves  and  liars,  and  love 
honesty  and  justice,  we  will  establish  honest  and  good 
government,  and  not  before.  If  we  are  liars  and  thieves, 
and  do  not  love  virtue  and  morality,  the  infernal  aris- 
tocracy will  laugh  in  secret,  and  live  on  the  fat  of  the 
land.  We  must  first  be  honest  ourselves,  before  we 
can  have  just  and  honest  government.  What  is  the 
cost  of  the  railroads.  The  amount  of  money  actually 
used  of  the  personal  funds  of  the  company.  This 
is  the  only  true  basis.  And  in  making  the  calculation 
any  person  of  one  ounce  of  brains,  will  know  that  no 
watered  stock  must  be  taken  in  calculation;  and  all 
pretended  offsets  from  profits  in  building.  It  is  clear 
that  the  company  can  not  be  allowed  to  pay  interest 
on  its  indebtedness,  and  add  a  sinking  fund  to  pay  off 
such  debt  in  time,  and  then  include  that  debt  as  a  part 
of  the  road.  The  company,  in  1882,  paid  off  $1,153,- 
000  of  its  bonds,  besides  paying  interest,  and  adding  to 
the  sinking  fund.  In  time  this  sinking  fund  will  be  of 
a  sufficient  amount  to  pay  off  the  debt.  And  the  same 
sinking  fund  is  also  included  in  the  annual  expenses. 
Infernal  knaves,  a  fine  mode  to  keep  accounts.  A  pack 
of  cheats  and  swindlers.  The  Union  Pacific  will 
then  own  the  road.     And  the  actual  cost  will  then  ap- 


THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

pear  to  be  only  such  sums  as  the  stockholders  have 
paid  out  of  their  own  pockets,  or  rather  the  absolute 
investment  required.  What  money  was  paid  in  on 
the  beginning,  for  the  construction  of  the  road,  that  is 
the  cost.  You  can  not  under  the  law  provide  for  pay- 
ment and  interest  of  principal  of  a  debt,  and  then  at 
the  same  time  and  all  along  ask  for  lo  per  cent,  more 
upon  the  capital  alleged  to  have  been  invested.  In 
fact,  all  they  can  ask  payment  on  is  the  capital  they 
invested.  And  that  was  little  or  nothing.  The  gov- 
ernment gave  them  more  than  double  what  the  road 
cost.  So  your  money  goes.  Workingmen,  you  will 
learn,  if  not  already,  that  these  scamps  are  preeminent 
in  crime  and  rascality.  The  railroad  fares  and  freights 
are  a  somewhat  difificult  matter  to  res^ulate,  so  as  to 
be  just  and  reasonable,  on  account  of  the  diabolical  and 
Stygian  management  of  the  roads,  so  as  to  conceal  the 
true  costs  of  construction.  The  managers  consider 
themselves  above  the  law  and  the  people,  and  they  do 
not  report  the  cost  of  the  roads  ;  and  they  having  four 
million  thieves,  and  liars,  and  robbers,  and  serfs,  and 
slaves  to  back  them,  in  any  nefarious  act  that  the  de- 
mons may  choose  to  perform,  it  is  difficult  to  bring 
them  to  justice.  So  it  remains  at  present,  hard  to  tell 
when  honor  and  rights  will  be  the  rule  of  the  opera- 
ation  of  the  anaconda.  But  justice  is  mighty,  and  will 
prevail. 

The  railroads  in  this  State  charge  two  or  three  times 
as  much  as  they  do  on  any  routes  east  of  the  Missouri 
river,  and  they  bring  in  the  charges  on  the  Oakland 
ferry  to  swell  the  travel  and  lessen  the  rate,  by  show- 
ing the  commutation  charges  on  the  ferry,  which  is  low, 
and  may  be,  as  the  travel  is  immense,  but  the  charges 
otherwise  but  commutation  are  high.  And  these  grasp- 
ing monopolies  have  the  coolness  to  say  that  their 
charges  are  reasonable,  and  even  say  they  are  cheaper 
than  on  Eastern  roads.  We  have  said  that  they  do 
not  scruple  to  say  or  do  anything  that  is  for  their  in- 
terest. There  is  no  honor  in  them  The  price  of  a 
first  class  ticket  frorn  Washington  to  Chicago  is  less 


RAILROADS.  809 

than  $17.50  for  a  first  class  single  trip,  and  ^21  for  a 
round  trip  ticket,  and  at  that  rate  the  price  from  Oma- 
ha to  San  Francisco  would  be  less  than  $45.  The  Pa- 
cific roads  demand  $95,  and  at  all  intervening  points 
they  charge  from  7  to  10  cents  a  mile,  and  fractions  of 
miles  are  counted  as  whole  numbers.  The  distance 
from  San  Francisco  to  Ogden  is  895  miles,  but  by  a 
shorter  cut  via  Benicia  is  forty  miles  less,  but  the 
charge  is  not  abated.  Bear  in  mind  that  the  fares, 
Mr.  Sumner  says,  are  more  than  double  what  Califor- 
nians  have  to  pay  than  they  are  on  the  Eastern  roads. 

I  told  a  black  Republican  that  the  manufactories  in 
the  United  States  made  2)1  P^i"  cent,  on  their  capital, 
and  no  doubt  much  watered  stock  there  was  at  that. 
I  asked  him  if  a  voter  who  upheld  such  robbing  was  a 
good  citizen,  and  he  said  he  was  not.  Now  T  will  ask 
the  people  of  California  what  kind  of  bi^iites  those  are 
who  uphold  the  Central  in  taking  from  5^  to  10  cents 
a  mile  from  the  people  on  a  road  that  costs  them  no- 
thing, and  a  bonus  of  the  cost  given  of  the  road  by  the 
government;  that  is  the  government  gave  the  road 
double  what  the  road  costs.  But  farther,  they  were  to 
pay  the  money  they  got  of  the  government,  but  we  say, 
they  never  will  pay  ;  and  what  kind  of  infernal,  and  tar- 
tarean,  and  nefarious,  and  iniquitous,  and  atrocious, 
and  degraded,  and  soulless  villains  must  they  be,  who, 
when  the  Democrats  proposed  to  lessen  the  fares  to 
3  cents  they  opposed  it;  and  strange,  yes  unaccount- 
ably strange,  the  reduction  was  strangled  by  the  black 
demons.  Was  that  human  }  We  say  they  deserve  to 
be  turned  out ;  who  says  not  1 

Taking  the  average  rate  of  New  York  Central,  the 
charge  for  a  first  class  ticket  would  be  $37  50,  it  is 
1875  miles;  that  is  2  cents  a  mile,  and  25  years  ago  the 
average  price  was  2  cents  a  mile,  and  in  a  few  cases  i 
cent  a  mile.  A  reduction  of  thirty  per  cent  would  still 
be  $57.81  cents  for  first  class  ticket,  and  at  the  price  of 
Rock  Island  road  in  the  East  it  would  be  only  $48.27 
for  a  second  class  ticket  from  San  Francisco  to  Omaha 
under  Sumner's  bill,  which  is  30  per  cent,  off  $38.54. 


8lO  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

The  Central  Pacific  charge  the  same,  part  of  the  way, 
as  if  a  passenger  travels  all  the  way.  The  distance  from 
San  Francisco  to  Los  Angeles  by  the  Southern  Paci- 
fic route  is  482  miles,  the  first  class  ticket  is  $20,  and 
to  Bakersfield  $17  for  314  miles.  When  one  of  the 
Company,  under  oath,  was  asked,  "Why  is  such  extor- 
tion for.?  "  he  blasphemously  said  they  must  ask  God 
Almighty.  The  man  has  no  sense  to  talk  in  that 
manner,  and  we  must  again  say,  that  these  robbers  and 
thieves,  and  liars,  are  an  ignorant  and  barbarous  set 
of  miscreants,  and  how  can  it  be  that  the  fools  wor- 
ship the  scoundrels  ?  It  is  for  their  money.  Nonsense, 
to  look  up  to  a  man  because  he  has  money;  a  man 
having  money  does  not  do  you  any  good ;  nine  times 
out  of  ten  it  is  a  damage  to  the  community,  as  they 
use  their  money  to  injure  the  mass  of  the  people.  And 
how  did  most  of  them  get  it  ?  By  robbery  and  plunder. 
Read  the  bill.  Bear  in  mind  that  a  man  very  rarely 
gets  millions  by  fair  means,  and  he  that  gets  his  mon- 
ey by  robbing  the  people,  will  rob  them  more  than 
ever.  Many  men  make  their  thousands  honestly,  and 
such  men  are  a  benefit  to  society ;  but  when  a  man 
gets  millions  there  is  something  rotteiL  iri  Denmark, 
sure,  and  it  is  a  presagement  that  the  mass  of  the  peo- 
ple are  ignorant  and  barbarous,  or  they  would  not  let 
them  rob,  cheat,  swindle,  and  steal  the  people's  money 
in  that  degree.  In  the  last  twenty-four  years  the  in- 
fernal black  Republicans  have  stolen  more  than  the 
country  is  worth,  and  the  four  million  liars,  thieves, 
fools,  serfs,  and  slaves  help  them  to  steal,  and  that  is 
not  the  worst.  They  have  to  contribute  of  their  own 
property,  and  yet  that  is  not  the  climax.  They  steal 
the  working-man's  wages,  and  leave  his  family  desti- 
tute, and  his  children  in  a  starving  condition,  and 
what  does  the  thief  and  fool  get  for  so  doing .f*  Oh, 
he  says,  our  party  has  won  the  election,  and  his  family 
has  no  food  for  the  next  day.     O  fool. 

We  are  sorry  for  the  people,  that  the  infernal,  black 
Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  have  stolen  nearly  all 
the  money  in  the  country;  and  the  more  they  steal,  the 


RAILROADS.  8  I  I 

more  the  people  have  to  produce  to  pay  their  expenses. 
(Can  you  see  a  point }}  When  the  farmer  has  to  pay 
high  prices  for  every  article  he  gets,  he,  of  course,  has 
less  left  at  the  end  ;  but  the  truth  is,  he  does  not  get 
pay  for  his  labor.  If  he  gets  pay  for  his  labor,  then 
he  could  make  both  ends  meet.  His  wages — that  is, 
what  he  has  for  working  the  farm — is  probably  not 
more  than  over  fifty  cents  a  day ;  and  the  wife's  labor, 
and  all  who  labor,  has  to  be  calculated ;  and  the  labor 
should  support  the  family,  and  the  rent  of  farm  free, 
but  it  does  not.  Now  the  thief  has  the  money,  and  he 
has  fallen  in  debt  (and  I  mean  all  farmers),  and  he  now 
has  to  produce  more  to  pay  his  debts  ;  and  so  he  pro- 
duces more,  but  a  new  feature  presents  itself — there  is 
over  production,  and  he  does  not  get  as  much  for  his 
crops  as  he  did  before,  and  his  debts  increase.  It  is 
very  hard  to  curtail  what  he  thinks  are  indispensable 
articles  for  his  living.  But  he  has  to  lop  off  pleasure 
trips  ;  he  cannot  travel,  and  the  same  thing  stares  him 
in  the  face  next  year.  Now  he  has  to  take  off  some 
indispensables ;  he  calls  the  doctor  for  his  family  ;  the 
charge  of  the  doctor  is  extravagant ;  he  finds  that 
when  he  sells  his  produce  he  gets  but  two-thirds  what 
it  is  worth,  and,  to  his  vexation,  he  finds  that  every 
thing  he  buys  he  pays  double  what  it  is  worth.  So 
it  is  with  the  farmer,  and  so  it  is  with  the  mechanic 
and  laborer,  and  these  are  all  working  men.  The 
farmer  finds  that  his  virgin  soil  is  deteriorating ;  that 
it  does  not  produce  as  spontaneously  as  it  did  at  first, 
and  he  is  a  slave  to  aristocracy,  and  he  is  a  black  Re- 
publican, and  has  helped  to  produce  the  state  of  things 
described.  He  has  been  told  that  he  was  helping  the 
country  to  ruin,  but  he  is  deaf  to  sense,  and  he  goes 
down  the  flume,  and  the  once  fine  family  are  divided, 
and  they  do  not  look  like  the  same  persons  they  once 
were.  So  we  tell  you,  we  are  going  to  destruction. 
And  the  mechanic  finds  that  he  has  not  as  much  work 
as  usual ;  that  he  has  more  bad  debts  ;  that  he  cannot 
make  both  ends  meet,  and  his  family  is  in  need  of  many 
things;  and  he  moves  to  another  country,  or  ekes  out 


5  I  2  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

a  scanty  subsistence.     And  the  laborer  has  his  wa^es 
reduced,  and  has  employment  half  of  the  time. 

Mr.  Sumner  says  that  it  has  not  been  and  cannot  be 
denied,  that  where  there  is  no  competition  on  these 
Union  and  Pacific  roads,  that  the  charges  are  double 
what  they  are  on  the  eastern  roads  ;  and  still,  with  an 
infatuation  which  certainly  is  criminal,  the  infernal 
black  Republicans  persist  in  keeping  up  those  charges 
which  are  unnatural  and  injurious  to  the  people  of  the 
State  of  California.  And  the  fact  that  they  are  double 
has  been  boldly  made  before  the  State  Legislature  by 
the  infernals,  that  the  roads  were  entitled  to  twice  as 
much  on  freight  and  fares  as  the  eastern  roads,  and  at 
the  same  time  they  would  say  that  the  fares  and 
freights  were  reasonable.  Such  infamous  party  infat- 
uation and  infernal  fanaticism  never  was  paralleled  in 
any  country,  savage,  barbarous,  half-civilized  or  en- 
lightened, in  the  world,  and  we  hope  never  will  be. 
How  men  can  be  so  infatuated  with  party  spirit  is  un- 
accountable, and  they  should  be  punished.  No  man 
has  a  right  to  rob  his  country,  and  if  it  was  a  personal 
matter  it  would  be  actionable  against  the  demons. 
Say  if  a  man  spends  his  money  foolishly,  and  has  a 
family  to  support,  an  action  can  be  brought  against 
him,  and  his  property  taken  out  of  his  hands,  and  some 
individual  take  charge  of  it,  and  such  was  the  law  in 
the  State  of  New  York.  But  this  crime  of  the  infer- 
nals is  millions  of  times  worse  than  one  spending  his 
property  foolishly,  But  not  satisfied  with  charging 
extravagantly,  they  charge  what  they  call  an  advance ; 
those  living  east  of  Sacramento  have  to  pay  on  their 
freight  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco,  i^vidence 
of  this  can  be  found  on  pages  183  to  186  inclusive  of 
the  appendix  to  the  Congressional  Record,  volume 
for  1 880 -'8 1,  part  3.  And  they  are  doing  this  work  at 
other  places.  The  people  gave  money  to  build  these 
roads,  and  they  expected  reasonable  rates  for  fares  and 
freights,  and  they  find  fault,  and  the  ofificials  do  not 
heed  their  voices.  Any  person  can  see  that  there  is 
an  organized  band  of  infernal  thieves  and    tartarean 


TARIFF.  813 

robbers  to  steal  nearly  all  the  people's  money,  and  the 
four  millions  of  liars  and  thieves  and  robbers  and  serfs 
ftnd  slaves  are  their  great  support  to  take  the  proper- 
ty of  the  people,  and  leave  them  poor  slaves  and  pau- 
pers, and  few  have  all  the  money. 


CHAPTER  LIV. 

TARIFF. 

If  you  examine  the  last  page,  you  will  perceive  that  in 
1870  the  manufacturers  made  45.73  per  cent,  on  their 
capital ;  we  will  tell  you  how  this  percentage  is  found. 
We  wish  to  know  what  percentage  the  profits  are  of 
the  capital.  The  rule  is,  "Annex  two  ciphers  to  the 
number  denoting  the  percentage,  and  divide  by  the 
number  on  which  the  percentage  is  reckoned,  and  the 
quotient  will  be  the  rate  per  cent.  So,  if  we  add  two 
ciphers  to  the  profits,  which  are  $968,313,857,00  with 
the  two  ciphers  added;  divided  by  the  capital,  which 
is  $2,118,208,769,  and  we  get  45.73.  But  how  did  we 
get  the  profits  ?  As  follows  :  Add  the  wages  of  all  the 
hands  to  the  materials,  wages,  $775,584,343  to  mate- 
rials $2,488,427,242,  and  we  get  the  expenses  $3,264,- 
011.585,  which  we  subtract  from  the  value  of  the  pro- 
ductions, $4,232,325,442,  and  the  remainder  is  the 
profits  $968,313,857,  as  above.  The  profits  of  1850 
were  59^  per  cent;  of  1860,47  P^^'  cent.;  and  of  1870, 
45.72  percent.  Of  1880,  they  were,  according  to  their 
own  showing,  and  bear  in  mind  these  are  calculations 
from  their  own  showing,  36.73  per  cent,  and  for  the 
last  ten  years,  from  1870  to  1880,  we  are  well  satisfied 
that  it  is  more.  The  inferior  scamps  and  liars  have 
such  an  inclination  to  cheat  and  swindle,  that  they 
will  not  give  us  a  true  statement  of  the  condition  of 
the  telegraphs,  the  railroads,  the  tariff,  and  anything 
that  they  will  make  money  by  lying  and  cheating. 
Now  you  will  see  that  the  average  profits  for  1850, 
i860,  1870,  and  1880,  that  is,  56^,  47,  45.72,  and  36.- 


8 14  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

73  per  cents.,  added  together  make  188.95  per  ct,  and 
divided  by  four,  as  there  are  four  years,  and  we  get 
47.24  per  cent,  nearly,  and  no  doubt  it  is  over  50  per 
cent.  You  see  that  they  call  the  materials  of  1880 
much  more  than  1870,  and  there  is  a  great  cheating 
of  the  people.  We  shall  call  the  percentage  fifty,  as 
we  are  well  satisfied  that  it  is  even  more  than  that, 
Now  Mr.  Black  scamp,  and  liar,  and  serf,  and  slave — 
who  contributed,  supported,  aided,  and  assisted  the 
tartarean  things  in  stealing  such  a  profit  from  the  peo- 
ple— what  do  you  think  of  your  stygian  work  ?  Have 
you  a  soul,  any  thoughts,  any  conscience,  any  moral 
feelings,  any  love  for  your  country,  any  sympathy  for 
your  race,  kith  or  kin .?  Have  you  any  feeling  for 
your  wife  and  children  ?  Are  you  such  a  great  fool 
as  not  to  know  that  you  are  giving  your  life's  blood 
away } 

If  we  add  together  the  productions  of  i860,  1870 
and  1880,  and  divide  by  three,  we  get  the  average  pro- 
duction for  those  years.  They  are  :  1860,^1,885,861,- 
776;  I  870,  $4,232,325,442;  and  for  1880.  $5, 369,579,- 
191 ;  and  divide  by  three,  and  the  quotient  is  $3,829,- 
255,436,  which  is  the  average  production  for  the  three 
years.  And  if  we  add  the  percentage  of  1850,  i860, 
1870  and  1880  together  and  divide  by  four,  we  get  the 
average  percentage  of  profit  for  those  four  years  :  In 
1850,  59.50  per  cent.,  i860,  47  percent.,  1870,  45.72 
per  cent.,  in  1880,  36.73  percent.  We  are  satisfied 
that  the  infernal  villains  lied  about  1880;  it  was  more 
than  that,  but  keeping  the  truth  from  the  people  is  the 
custom  of  the  imps.  Those  four  added  together  are 
188.95,  which  being  divided  by  four  is  47.24  per  cent, 
the  average  for  the  four  years.  Notice,  the  year  1850 
was  59.50  per  cent.  That  the  four  million  slaves  and 
thieves  and  silly  gulls  will  say  is  right,  but  the  honest 
and  sensible  man  will  say  is  downright  robbery.  Add 
together  the  three  years  i860,  1870 and  1880,  the  per- 
centage of  profit,  and  we  divide  by  three,  and  we  get 
the  average  percentage  of  profit  of  those  three  years  : 
i860,  47  per  cent.,   1870,45.72   per  cent.,  and   1880, 


TARIFF.  875 

36.73  per  cent.,  and  the  sum  is  129.45  ;  divide  by  three 
and  we  get  43.15  percent.  This  is  the  average  for 
those  years,  and  as  that  mostly  covers  the  time  the 
saurians  were  in  office,  twenty-four  years,  we  will  com- 
pute the  amount  of  the  stealings  for  those  twenty-fo^ir 
years  on  the  basis  of  that  percentage,  and  we  will  al- 
low them  9.82  per  cent,  for  their  profit.  The  black 
infernals  will  dissent,  but  we  cannot  help  that ;  the 
Erebus  hounds  will  find  fault  with  anything  that  is 
fair,  and  honest,  as  their  occupation  is  to  fib,  rob,  steal, 
and  plunder  the  people.  As  we  get  the  average  per- 
centage above,  so  we  compute  the  averages  of  the  dif- 
ferent items  shown  below.  ^1,972,779,030,  average 
capital  for  the  years  i860,  1870,  1880;  $700,805,701, 
average  wages  for  the  years  i860,  1870,  1880;  $2,305,- 
618,627,  average  materials  for  the  years  i860,  1870, 
1880;  $3,829,255,436,  average  production  for  the  years 
i860,  1870,  1880;  $3,006,424,328,  average  expenses  for 
the  years  i860,  1870,  1880;  $822,831,108,  average  prof- 
its for  the  years  i860,  1870,  1880.  $80,834,928  is 
9.824  of  the  average  profits,  that  is,  9.824  percent,  of 
the  profits,  which  we  allow  the  manufacturers,  and  any 
fair-minded  man  will  agree  that  is  enough  for  them. 
The  government  borrows  money  at  three  per  cent., 
one-third  of  what  we  allow  them,  and  all  of  the  people 
on  an  average  make  but  about  two  and  a  half  per  cent, 
on  their  capital,  and  work  and  board  themselves  for 
about  sixty  cents  a  day.  And  for  the  last  twenty-four 
years  the  lying  imps  have  stolen  nearly  all  the  earn- 
ings of  the  people,  leaving  them  a  bare  living  to  keep 
soul  and  body  together.  They  took,  with  the  help  of 
the  four  millions,  more  than  three-fifths  of  the  earnings 
of  the  poor  workingman  ;  and  very  likely  there  are 
one  of  the  thieves  to  fourteen  of  the  people,  so  they 
took  for  their  share  fourteen  multiplied  by  one  and  a 
half,  is  21  per  cent,  of  the  earnings  of  the  people  for 
nothing.  And  their  business  paid  them  from  ten  to 
forty  per  cent.,  so  you  see  that  they  took  nearly  all  the 
people's  money.  And  the  people  had  only  one  per 
cent,  of  their  capital  to   live  on,  and  any  person  can 


8i6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

easily  see  that  there  would  be  nothing  left,  so  the  most 
of  the  people  are  worse  off  than  they  were  twenty -four 
years  ago  ;  and  some  of  them  have  made  a  few  dollars, 
and  many  have  lost  their  all,  and  gone  down  the 
flume.  One  dollar  put  at  interest  at  seven-tenths  of 
one  per  cent.,  will  double  in  one  hundred  years,  or  any 
sum  at  seven-tenths  of  one  per  cent,  will  be  doubled  in 
one  hundred  years,  so  we  can  see  what  small  matters 
will  do.  We  can  have  no  conception  of  the  minute- 
ness of  the  agents  that  nature  works  with.  She  works 
with  atoms,  and  they  are,  no  doubt,  less  than  a  bil- 
lionth of  the  diameter  of  a  hair.  We  see  that  we 
should  not  allow  the  thieves  to  steal  the  least  particle 
of  our  property;  but  instead  of  that,  we  ignore  our 
sense  and  reason,  and  let  them  steal  more  than  the 
country  is  worth  in  twenty-four  years.  $80,834,928  is 
9.824  per  cent,  of  the  average  profits  of  the  factories, 
which  we  allow  the  thieves  have  taken,  and  33.1-3 
more  they  took  is  stealings,  which  added  together 
make  43.15  per  cent.,  the  average  of  the  years  i860, 
1870,  1880:  so  we  charge  them  with  stealing  33.1-3 
per  cent.,  which  is  $741,996,180  stolen  each  year  from 
the  people;  $17,807,908,320  stolen  from  the  people 
in  twenty-four  years  in  cash;  $37,704,535,886,  the 
amount  at  compound  interest  at  six  percent,  in  twen- 
ty-four years. 

We  calculated  the  stealings  of  the  infernal  aristoc- 
racy at  33  1-3  per  cent.,  and  as  the  whole  of  the  produc- 
tion was  increased  in  value  about  the  per  cent,  of  the 
profit  of  the  manufacturers,  and  as  the  33  1-3  per  cent, 
we  called  stealings,  yet  that  stealing  increased  the 
whole  of  the  price  of  the  production.  Say  the  article 
cost  to  manufacture  it  75  cents  ;  then  if  you  should 
add  33  1-3  per  cent,  stealings,  then  the  cost  would  $1, 
and  the  33  1-3  per  cent,  on  the  75  cents  would  be  25 
cents,  %  of  the  $1.  Or,  if  the  average  production, 
$3,829,255,436  be  divided  by  four,  the  quotient  will  be 
$957,313,859.  And  as  the  merchant  had  to  give  33  1-3 
per  cent,  more  for  the  articles,  because  of  the  thieves 
adding  the  33  1-3  percent,  stealings  to  the  cost,  he  will 


TARIFF.  817 

have  to  have  his  profit  on  the  33  1-3  per  cent.  But  it 
will  go  through  the  hands  of,  first,  the  commission 
merchant,  then  the  wholesale  merchant,  and  last,  to 
the  consumer,  the  retail  merchant.  We  will  say  that 
the  first  commission  and  insurance  costs  7  per  cent., 
then  33  1-3  multiplied  by  7  per  cent,  is  2  1-3  percent., 
which,  added  to  the  33  1-3  per  cent.,  is  35  2-3  per  cent. ; 
and  then  the  wholesale  merchant  takes  it  at  35  2-3  per 
cent.,  and  charges  12  per  cent,  on  that;  and  35  2-3 
multiplied  by  12  per  cent.,  is  4.28  per  cent.,  which, 
added  to  35  2-3  per  cent.,  or  35.66  per  cent.,  is  39.94 
per  cent.  And  then  the  retail  merchant  takes  it,  and 
charges  40  per  cent.,  and  the  39.94  per  cent,  we  will  call 
40  per  cent;  and  40  multiplied  by  40  per  cent,  is  16 
per  cent.,  and  added  to  40  per  cent,  is  56  per  cent. 
Now  the  33  1-3  percent.,  after  going  through  the  hands 
of  three  merchants,  is  increased  to  56  per  cent;  and  as 
the  diabolical  thieves  sold  the  goods  and  had  the 
33  1-3  per  cent,  to  put  into  their  pockets  and  kept  it, 
and  as  we  have  reckoned  it  in  the  bill  against  the  tar- 
tarean  thieves,  we  will  take  it  from  56  percent,  and  we 
will  have  22  2-3  per  cent,  left,  which  is  the  merchants' 
profits  on  the  33  1-3  per  cent.,  and  we  will  call  it  22^ 
per  cent,  which,  multiplied  by  ^  the  average  produc- 
tion, as  all  the  production  was  increased  22^  percent, 
and  %  the  average  production,  which  is  ^3,829,255,436, 
divided  by  four  is  $957,313,859,  multiplied  by  22^  per 
cent,  is  $215,395,618,  and  multiplied  by  24,  as  that  was 
for  one  year,  and  we  want  it  for  twenty-four  years,  and 
$215,395,618  multiplied  by  24  is  $5,169,484,838  cash 
that  the  people  had  to  pay  the  merchants'  profits  on 
the  stealings  of  the  nefarious,  codfish,  bla-zk  Republi- 
can, Stygian  aristocracy.  Examine  the  foregoing  care- 
fully, it  is  the  merchants'  profits  on  the  stealings. 

And  if  we  multiply  the  merchants'  profits  for  one 
year  by  the  annuity  of  one  dollar  paid  each  year,  and 
compounded  for  twent3'-four  years  at  six  per  cent., 
$50,815  by  $215,395,618,  which  is  the  merchants' 
profits  for  one  year,  we  get  their  profits  for  twenty- 
four  years  compounded  at  six  pe»*  cent.     The  one  dol- 

52 


8i8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

lar  for  twenty-four  years  is  ^50,815,  multiplied  by  215,- 
395, 6i8=$i  1,431,787,387,  or  eleven  billion,  four  hun- 
dred and  thirty-one  million,  seven  hundred  and  eigh- 
ty-seven thousand,  three  hundred  and  eighty-seven 
dollars.  Next  we  will  examine  the  utility  of  raising 
revenue  by  a  tariff.  The  government  revenue  from 
the  tariff  in  round  numbers  is  on  an  average  consider- 
ably less  than  $200,000,000,  but  we  will  call  it  that. 
The  average  profits  of  the  factory  were  43.15  percent. 
$3,829,255,436  is  the  average  production.  If  we  di- 
vide the  average  production  by  43.14  per  cent.,  added 
to  100,  we  will  get  the  value  of  the  products  before 
the  43.15  per  cent,  was  added  to  the  profits.  That  is, 
$3,820,255,436divided  by  (43.15  plus  :oo)  143.15,  and 
we  get  $2,675,000,000  nearly,  and  by  subtracting  that 
from  $3,829,255,  436,  we  get  what  the  43. 15  per  cent,  is, 
what  was  added  to  the  cost  of  the  goods,  which  $2,- 
675,000,000,  taken  from  $3,829,255,436,  and  the  43.15 
per  cent,  is  $1,154,255,436.  But  the  government  re- 
ceived $200,000,000,  which,  added  to  $1,154,255,436, 
the  profits,  is  $1,354,255,436,  all  of  which  was  re- 
ceived by  the  factories  and  government.  The  gov- 
ernment laid  the  tax,  and  we  wish  to  find  what  share  of 
the  avails  she  received.  She  got  what  the  per  cent, 
of  $200,000,000  is  of  $1,354,255,436  ;  and  if  we  annex 
two  ciphers  to  $200,000,000,  thus:  $20,000,000,000, 
divided  by  all  both  received,  we  get  14.76  per  cent.; 
that  is,  $20,000,000,000 divided  by  $1,354,255,436,  and 
we  get  14.76  per  cent.,  which  is  about  one-seventh. 
So  the  government  gets  about  one-seventh  of  the  tax. 
She  imposes  a  tax  on  the  people  of  $1,354,255,436, 
and  she  gets  $200,000,000  of  it;  and  to  make  it  cor- 
rect, we  must  add  the  indirect  tax  the  merchants  get 
on  their  profits  on  the  33  1-3  per  cent,  which  the  dia- 
bolicals  had,  which  is  $215,395,618.  Then  to  $1,154,- 
255,436,  factory  profits,  add  $200,000,000,  govern- 
ment received,  and  $215,395,618,  the  merchants'  prof- 
its, and  we  have  the  sum  of  $1,569,651,054,  the  sum 
the  i:)eople  had  to  \i7\.^j  yearly. 

And  as  before,  if  we  add  two  ciphers  to  the  $200,- 


TARIFF.  819 

000,000,  the  suin  the  government  received,  and  divide 
by  ^1,569,951,055,  the  sum  the  people  had  to  pay 
yearly  (see  last  page),  and  we  get  twelve  per  cent., 
which  is  less  than  one-eighth  of  what  the  people  have 
to  pay.  Now,  any  person  can  see  the  government 
lays  a  tax  and  gets  two  hundred  millions,  and  the  peo- 
ple have  to  pay  one  billion,  five  hundred  and  sixty- 
nine  million,  six  hundred  and  fifty-one  thousand,  and 
fifty-four  dollars — over  eight  times  what  the  govern- 
ment gets.  Such  financiering  no  man  of  sense  and 
reason  would  practice.  But  why  does  the  government 
do  such  nefarious  and  tartarean  financiering.?  We 
can  tell  you  why.  Their  object  is  to  get  nearly  all 
the  money  in  the  hands  of  a  few  stygian  hydras,  and 
then  they  can  easily  enslave  the  people,  as  they  have 
the  four  million  lying  serfs  and  slaves,  to  start  with, 
and  they  will  do  any  flagitious,  bloody,  sanguinary, 
and  brutal  act  their  masters  want  them  to  do.  It  is 
with  the  tariff  as  with  the  standing  army.  France 
keeps  a  large  standing  army,  to  protect  herself  against 
her  belligerous  neighbors  ;  and  so  all  of  them  have 
that  excuse  for  the  enormous  expense  of  keeping  those 
slave-makers.  So  their  excuse  for  a  high  protective 
tariff  is,  that  it  increases  the  price  of  labor  (a  lie),  and 
protects  them  against  the  low  labor  of  their  'neigh- 
bors, when  each  has  the  same  excuse.  France  collects 
about  sixty  millions  of  dollars  from  customs.  Eng- 
land collects  about  one  hundred  million  dollars  from 
customs  ;  the  United  States  raise  about  two  hundred 
million  yearly,  and  have  for  more  than  half  a  century 
had  a  high  tariff;  and  the  object  of  it  is  to  make  the 
few  rich  at  the  expense  of  the  many,  and  for  that  pur- 
pose it  was  established  by  the  infernal  aristocracy,  and 
but  a  small  percentage  goes  into  the  treasury.  It  only 
fertilizes  the  rich  man's  fields  by  the  sweat  of  the 
poor  man's  brow.  The  standing  army  is  kept  for  the 
express  purpose  of  enslaving  the  people ;  and  what  an 
enormous  expense  is  made  to  keep  the  people  in  slav- 
ery !  The  soldiers  are  slave-makers,  but  it  once  in  a 
while  occurs  that  they  turn  their  occupation  on  their 


820  THE  workingman's  guide. 

masters,  and  sometimes  it  costs  much  blood  and  treas- 
ure to  suppress  the  revolt  of  the  soldiers,  as  in  the 
Roman  Empire.  Such  a  war  was  made,  that  cost 
thousands  of  lives.     (See  the  bill.) 

The  United  States  Railway  Commissioners  report 
the  total  payments  by  the  six  railroads,  under  the 
Thurman  Act,  up  to  June  30th,  1882,  at  ^2,716,221. 
The  act  went  into  operation  in  May,  1878.  These 
are  therefore  the  payments  of  four  years.  Under  its 
operation  its  intent  was  to  secure  the  government 
against  the  possibility  of  losing  its  loan  of  bonds  to 
these  corporations,  and  the  interest  on  them,  by  creat- 
ing a  sinking  fund,  to  be  collected  from  the  companies 
annually.  The  result  is  so  far  below  the  expectations 
of  the  framers  and  supporters  of  the  law  as  to  be  next 
to  ridiculous,  and  it  suggests  to  Congress  the  necessity 
of  an  amendment,  that  shall  at  least  be  treble  the 
amount  of  the  yearly  payments.  Considering  the  low 
rate  of  interest  this  fund  yields,  but  three  per  cent., 
and  the  enormous  debt  of  over  $103,000,000  which  it 
was  designed  to  secure,  it  would  require  a  full  cen- 
tury of  such  payments  to  pay  the  debt.  The  bonds 
will  mature  in  1897,  and  before  that  time  the  compa- 
nies may  go  into  bankruptcy,  and  owe  the  govern- 
ment one  hundred  and  twenty-five  to  one  hundred  and 
fifty  millions  of  dollars.  Better  roads  could  now  be 
made  for  half  the  money,  and  they  are  worth  less  year- 
ly by  competition.  The  commissioners  appear  to  be 
in  the  interest  of  the  companies.  There  is  no  other 
way  than  to  amend  the  act  of  1878  so  as  to  double  or 
treble  the  five  per  cent,  yearly  payments  on  the  net 
earnings  of  the  roads.  The  loan  has  now  about  fifteen 
years  to  run  before  the  bonds  mature.  At  the  rate  of 
payment  under  the  Act  of  Thurman,  a  little  less  than 
$700,000  for  all  the  companies,  in  fifteen  years  $10,500,- 
000,  which  added  to  the  $2,716,221  paid  to  June  30th, 
makes  $  1 3,2 16,22 1 ,  which  compounded  may  be  $20,000,- 
000.  What  a  small  security  for  the  payment  that  in 
1 897  will  be  about  $  140,000,000 ;  and  the  roads  are  cov- 
ered by  the  first  mortgage  to  themselves  in  the  sum  of 


TARIFF.  821 

$64,000,000.  Now,  reader,  please  look  at  this  transac- 
tion. Congress,  a  pack  of  thieves  and  robbers,  give  these 
more  money  than  the  roads  cost,  and  give  them  land, 
also,  more  in  value  than  the  roads  cost;  and  both  mon- 
ey and  land  were  worth  three  or  four  times  as  much 
as  the  roads  cost,  and  the  infernal  reptiles  get  Con- 
gress to  give  a  bogus  mortgage,  giving  to  themselves 
the  preference  over  the  government  mortgage.  What 
infernal  and  nefarious  work  that  was  !  It  has  never 
been  equalled  in  tartarean  infamy  in  this  telluric  sphere. 
The  debauching  influences  which  these  unscrupu- 
lous Central  Pacific  Railroad  incorporators  have  so 
baneful ly  exercised  soon  began  to  be  felt,  and  to  ex- 
cite general  public  recognition  and  alarm.  With  in- 
creasing strength  of  money  and  employment,  that  de- 
moralizing, that  afflicting  influence  has  been  extended. 
As  a  consequence,  there  have  been  numerous  and 
earnest  efforts  by  the  good  people  of  our  coast  in  the 
two  States,  more  particularly  in  California,  to  disen- 
thral and  emancipate  both  in  a  business  and  in  a  mor- 
al sense.  Organization  after  organization,  as  well  as 
man  after  man,  has  been  captured  by  these  abominable 
creatures,  after  there  had  been  demonstration  of  ability 
to  work  out  some  good  palliating  results.  And  today, 
in  the  metropolitan  city  where  I  reside,  there  are 
shameful  exhibitions  of  that  moral  turpitude  that  finds 
its  illustration  in  recreancy  to  party  pledge,  as,  indeed, 
there  is  in  most  every  town  of  considerable  importance 
on  the  Pacific  Coast.  But  the  mass  of  people  are 
true  and  firm  up  to  their  enlightenment  and  their  un- 
derstanding upon  the  subject.  And,  God  help  me,  I 
intend  to  represent  the  mass  of  the  people,  and  I  claim 
that  I  am  so  doing  at  present  in  making  this  address  to 
my  fellow  members  of  this  House  of  Representatives. 
As  these  monopolists  have  delighted  and  still  desire 
to  fumble,  and  frolic,  and  distract,  and  confuse,  and 
delay,  and  demoralize,  and  defeat,  by  arithmetical  cal- 
culations that,  to  say  the  least,  are  far  within  the  mark 
that  is  put  down  in  these  proposals  for  legislation,  so 
will  they  endeavor  to  stir  up  all  manner  of  petty  en- 


82  2  THE    WORKINGMAN'S    GUIDE. 

vies,  so  they  will  not  hesitate  at  making  any  bold  state- 
ments of  untruth,  which,  in  their  judgment  or  the 
judgment  of  their  agents  and  emissaries,  are  adapted 
to  prolong  into  weariness  the  consideration  of  this  mo- 
mentous issue  ;  suggesting  side,  and  irrelevant,  and  less 
important  topics  for  debate  and  division,  or  meeting 
the  live  and  most  essential  questions  of  reform  with 
falsehoods  of  every  type,  and  slanders  of  every  hue. 
In  our  State  conventions,  the  resolutions  have  been 
clear  and  explicit.  The  honest  delegates  have  ceased 
to  make  them  general,  the  secretly  bound  convention 
members  dare  not  leave  them  obscure,  as  once  or  at 
first  they  may  be  said  to  have  been.  (By  Charles  A. 
Sumner.) 

The  people  435  miles  east  of  Sacramento  have  to 
pay  for  freight  on  flour  (fourth  class  freight)  $282  a 
car  load  ;  while  the  people  of  Toano  29  miles  farther 
east  have  to  pay  $275  per  car  load;  while  a  mer- 
chant who  has  a  contract  pays  ^200  per  car  load,  the 
merchant  at  Toano  on  contract  pays  ^82  per  car  load 
less  than  the  merchant  at  Palisade,  which  is  139  miles 
more  distance.  435  miles  pay  ^480  per  car  load,  and 
383  miles  pay  $275  per  car  load,  at  two  other  points. 
At  many  points  the  merchants  have  to  pay  for  over 
five  hundred  miles  which  was  not  rendered,  that  is, 
more  than  the  distance.  The  freight  on  a  box  of  eggs 
from  Ogden  to  Toano,  costs  one  man  $S-35  per  box, 
and  the  same  number  of  eggs,  in  the  same  sized  box, 
and  same  weight,  costs  another  man  65  cents.  The 
first  man,  no  doubt,  was  a  good  democrat.  Is  that  an 
honest  way  of  doing  business,  on  a  road  the  people's 
money  built }  But  the  black  Republican,  four  million, 
infernal  scamps  will  think  that  is  smart.  Such  is  atro- 
cious, and  vile,  and  venomous,  black  Republican,  cod- 
fish aristocracy.  They  intend  to  make  many  men  poor, 
and  enslave  them  ;  and  enrich  their  pets  at  the  expense 
of  the  many.  But  that  the  tartarean  brutes,  four  mil- 
lion strong,  think  is  good  for  the  honest  democrats. 
A  hundred  pounds  of  squashes  cost  one  man  5^^2.04, 
while  they  cost  another  but  55  cents,  same  distance. 


^TARIFF.  823 

The  distance  from  Ogclen  to  Toana  is  183  miles.  A 
ticket  from  Omaha  to  San  Francisco  costs  )5^  100,  wliile 
a  ticket  froai  Ogden,  6 do  miles  nearer,  costs  $95.  A 
person  going  east  from  San  Francisco  a  hundred  or 
two  or  more  miles,  is  charged  the  same  as  a  man  who 
rides  the  whole  distance  to  Ogden.  But,  says  the  tar- 
tarean  hydra,  that  is  right.  Many  such  astounding 
Erebus-deserving  charges  could  be  given  had  we  space. 

State  of  Nevada,  ) 

Secretary's  Office,  j 

I,  Jasper  Babcock,  Secretary  of  State  of  the  State  of 
Nevada,  do  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  truth- 
ful and  correct  of  the  original  preamble,  which  passed 
the  Nevada  legislature,  February  10,  1881,  on  file  in 
my  office.  In  witness  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my 
hand,  and  affixed  the  great  seal  of  the  State.  Done 
at  the  office  in  Carson  City,  Nevada,  this  12th  day  of 
February,  a.  d.,  1881. 

[seal.]  Jasper  Babcock,  Secretary  of  State. 

By  J.  J.  Chesley,  Deputy. 

In  the  report  made  by  the  Central  Pacific  in  1882, 
it  was  pretended  that  the  1217.87  miles  cost  $  187, 963,- 
157.88.  Let  us  compare  this  exhibit  with  the  New 
York  Central  &  Hudson  River  road,  to  September, 
1 88 1.  The  Central  Pacific  did  not  have  to  pay  land 
damages,  but  the  reverse  —  they  had  many  millions 
of  acres  given  to  them  by  an  infamous,  degraded  and 
soulless  Congress.  They  had  no  right  to  give  it ;  they 
did  it  to  enslavethe  people;  and  the  Central  Pacific 
grade  was  mostly  a  dead  level,  all  but  one  hundred  and 
fifty  miles.  The  New  York  Central,  from  Albany 
west,  had  much  of  both,  and  a  still  greater  proportion 
on  the  Hudson  River  line  cost  $26,000  per  mile.  The 
Central,  they  say  (but  they  lie),  cost  nearly  $115,000 
per  mile.  Compare  the  two.  The  New  York  Hud- 
son River  Road  had  to  be  built  through  solid  rock 
much  of  the  way,  and  much  trestle  work  built  on 
piles  driven  in  the  river,  and  in  many  places  the  water 
was  very  deep.     And  still  the  Central  Pacific  say  their 


824  THE    WORKINGMAN»'s    GUIDE. 

road  cost  more  than  four  times  as  much  as  the  New 
York  Central.  These  Central  Pacific  brutes  are  the 
worst  coyotes  you  can  find  in  this  or  any  barbarous 
country  :  no  respect  for  truth,  no  souls  ;  and  their  fol- 
lowers are  the  greatest  fools  in  the  world,  you  may  go 
where  you  will.  See  what  they  tell  the  four  million 
fools,  thieves,  liars,  and  serfs,  and  slaves,  and  they  be- 
lieve the  lies;  and  you  tell  a  black  Republican  liar  the 
truth,  and  he  will  not  believe  you.  But  the  scamps 
are  told  by  the  codfish  tartarean  aristocracy  that  the 
laborer  gets  seventy  per  cent,  of  the  products  of  the 
manufactories  for  his  labor,  and  he  says  some  say 
eighty  per  cent.  See,  see  !  it  is  astonishing  that  there 
can  be  such  fools  in  the  country.  But  where  was  that 
ScLid?  We  can  tell  you.  In  the  Republican  Wigwam 
in  San  Francisco,  by  the  infernal  black  scamps ;  and 
the  four  millions  swallow  it  al^  greedily.  O,  fool  of 
fools !  But  we  would  care  less  if  the  merciless  ma- 
rauders and  predaceans  would  not  rob  us  ;  but  then 
they  would  not  rob  and  steal.  They  would  go  to 
Erebus,  if  that  will  take  the  Democrats  there.  They 
have  an  intense  hatred  to  the  Democracy.  They  hate 
the  honest  government.  They  believe  in  what  their 
leader,  A.  Hamilton,  said,  that  without  corruption  in 
government  it  would  be  impracticable.  That  is  to 
say,  "  For  a  government  to  be  a  success,  it  must  be 
corrupt."  That  is  the  motto  the  black  scamps  do 
practice. 

By  Poor's  Manual  of  1883,  we  find  there  were  120,- 
552  miles  of  railroad  in  the  United  "States,  and  the 
whole  cost  was  $7,496,471,311,  which  is  over  $62,000 
a  mile.  The  last  twenty  years  have  been  noted  for  an 
excessive  watering  of  stock,  and  the  inferior  demons 
have  felt  the  national  pulse  all  along  as  they  increased 
the  watering,  to  see  how  the  fools  would  stand  it ;  and 
as  they  found  the  simpletons  appeared  easy  and  satis- 
fied, they  increased  the  water,  until  now  there  are 
roads  that  have  four  waters  to  one  dollar,  and  still  the 
silly  geese  have  a  uniform  pulse  and  show  no  excite- 
ment;  and  the  four  million  liars,  serfs  and  thieves  will 


TARIFF.  825 

be  indignant,  and  scout  the  idea  that  their  inferior 
masters  have  watered  stock.  But  they  will  be  glad 
that  the  Democrats  have  to  pay  for  interest  and  divi- 
dends on  that  watered  stock  ;  they  do  not  care  for 
■themselves  ;  they  are  serfs,  and  slaves,  and  barbari- 
ans. All  they  care  for  is  to  impoverish  the  Demo- 
crats, and  enrich  their  masters.  The  ^62,000  a  mile 
is  ^40,000  water,  and  ;^2 2,000  stock  ;  so  we  multiply 
the  whole  number  of  miles,  120,552,  by  $40,000,  in 
water  at  zero,  ^nd  it  is  $4,822,080,000;  that  is  the 
amount  the  inferior  thieves  make  the  people  pay  div- 
idends on,  which  cost  them  nothing;  they  fib,  that  it 
cost  anything  ;  it  is  all  water  at  zero,  and  the  people 
are  paying  interest  and  dividends  on  what  is  zero ;  so 
the  tartarean  scamps  serve  the  people.  Now  for  the 
revenue  net  on  the  roads  on  an  average  ;  it  cannot  be 
less  than  eight  per  cent.  That,  multiplied  by  $4,822,- 
080,000  by  eight  per  cent.,  and  we  have  $375,766,400, 
what  the  man-eaters  and  slave-makers  rob  us  of  every 
year.  And  one  dollar  annually,  that  is,  one  dollar 
paid  every  year,  and  compounded  for  fifteen  years 
(which  we  will  call  it,  as  it  was  not  so  much  the  first 
few  years),  and  it  will  amount  to  $23.50  for  fifteen 
years  ;  and  $385,769,400  multiplied  by  23.50,  that  is, 
if  $  I  for  fifteen  years  amounts  to  $23.50,  then  $385,- 
766,300  will  amount  to  23)^2  times  as  much,  when  we 
get  $8,969,068,800,  that  is,  nearly  nine  billions;  and 
three  hundred  million  acres  of  land,  which  they  have 
had  from  Congress  at  $10  per  acre,  is  one  billion  and 
a  half;  and  that  is  cheap  ;  government  could  sell  the 
land  for  more  than  that.  And  nine  billions  added 
to  one  and  a  half  billions,  and  we  get  nearly  ten  bil- 
lions and  a  half,  $10,500,000,000,  which  the  imps  have 
stolen  from  the  people.  We  give  the  workingman  a 
synopsis  of  the  atrocity  of  the  railroads,  and  if  it  can- 
not take  the  first  place  it  will  take  the  second,  as  the 
heinous  claims  first  premium.  This  is  the  tariff;  and 
well  it  may,  as  Asmodeus  cannot  excel  the  heinous. 
The  black  inferiors  will  scowl  and  scold,  and  cry  aloud 
at  what  we  say  on  the   railroads.     But   we  say,  as  be- 


826  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

fore,  every  man  must  judge  for  himself ;  if  he  does  not, 
he  is  a  miserable  tool  and  simpleton.  But  first  ex- 
amine'; it  is  very  wicked  to  condemn  anything  with- 
out thought  or  examination,  so  examine  carefully. 
Look  at  our  estimate  of  the  cost  of  the  construction  of 
a  railroad,  and  compare  it  with  Miller's  affidavit  on  the 
cost  of  the  construction  of  the  Central  Pacific,  602 
miles  in  the  mountains,  and  we  think  that  you  will 
say  that  $22,000  a  mile  is  an  overestimate.  The  black 
Republican  thieves  will  say  that  $120,000,  what  the 
Central  diabolicals  say  their  road  cost,  is  not  an  over- 
estimate; and  eviery  one  knows  that  the  four  millions 
thieves,  serfs  and  slaves  and  fools  will  say  as  their 
masters  do,  as  they  know  no  better  than  to  follow 
their  file  leader  and  play  second  fiddle.  Poor  four 
million  helots !  they  are  hirelings  of  a  vile  and  infe- 
rior set  of  thieves.  But  we  have  said  several  times, 
and  cannot  say  it  too  often.  Do  not  believe  a  word 
that  the  thieves  and  robbers  say  !  Can  any  sensible 
person  believe  what  an  arrested  and  condemned  thief 
says  in  his  own  behalf  .f^  He  would  deny  everything, 
no  doubt.  So  do  not  believe  a  known  and  condemned 
thief;  boycott  him,  give  him  the  cold  shoulder,  turn 
your  back  to  him.  Always  deal  with  honest  men.  A 
man  who  steals  from  the  public  will  steal  from  an  in- 
dividual, when  he  gets  an  opportunity  ;  and  any  per- 
son who  helps  a  thief  steal  is  as  much  of  a  thief  as 
the  one  he  helps,  although  he  gets  none  of  the  plun- 
der, and  is  ignorant,  especially  when  he  has  been  told 
that  the  man  is  a  thief.  So  be  careful,  and  do  not  be 
one  of  the  four  million  thieves.  Railroads  are  a  ne- 
cessity for  a  country  ;  the  people  cannot  get  along 
without  good  roads,  and  railroads  are  the  best  yet  dis- 
covered, and  it  is  likely  no  better  ones  can  be  con- 
structed. But  good  things  are  as  liable  to  be  made  in- 
juri(jus  as  neutral  matters;  the  only  manner  to  have 
the  j)eople  safe  is,  to  have  the  government  own  all  the 
roads. 


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026  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

CHAPTER  LV. 

SLAVERY  OF  BARBARIANS. 

See  the  dog,  the  cat  and  the  slave  prostrate  them- 
selves to  their  master,  as  a  token  of  submission  and 
servility,  and  see  its  root  extend  to  the  ceremonials  of 
all  Christendom — the  kissing  of  hands,  the  bow  to  the 
ground,  the  taking  off  the  hat,  and  in  some  cases,  the 
complete  prostration  and  kissing  the  feet !  See  the 
degrading  slavery  of  the  present  day,  the  deifying  of 
aristocracy  by  the  four  million  thieves  and  slaves  and 
serfs  of  the  present  day,  the  blind  adoration  and  the 
complete  service  of  stealing  of  the  whole  property  of 
United  States  by  the  same  four  million  fools  and  bar- 
barians, and  giving  it  to  an  ignorant  and  unprincipled 
reptilian  knaves !  The  reduction  of  the  postage  was 
made  for  the  aristocrac3^  that  they  may  make  in  two 
ways  ;  one  is  cheap  postage,  and  the  other  is  that  they 
may  have  an  excuse  to  raise  the  tariff ;  and  notice,  that 
on  postage  the  whole  of  the  revenue  goes  into  the 
United  States  treasury,  and  on  the  tariff  only  one- 
tenth  of  what  the  people  pay  on  its  account  goes 
into  the  treasury.  Let  us  illustrate :  When  one  cent 
is  taken  off  the  postage,  and  to  keep  up  the  revenue 
ten  times  as  much  must  be  paid  by  the  people  on  the 
tariff;  that  is,  one  cent  is  gained  on  postage,  and  ten 
cents  lost  to  the  people  on  the  tariff.  Such  is  the  in- 
famy and  degradation  of  the  lying  and  cheating,  diabol- 
ical aristocracy.  We  say  to  the  people,  that  this  fla- 
gitious aristocracy  (black  Republican  thieves  and  rob- 
bers) never  did  any  good  thing  to  the  people.  If  they 
put  one  cent  into  your  pocket,  in  an  indirect  way  they 
will  take  from  eight  to  twenty-five  times  as  much  out 
of  it.  We  say  their  whole  occupation  is  to  lie,  cheat 
swindle,  extortionate  and  steal  and  rob  from  the  peo- 
ple. Their  calculation  is  to  live  on  the  avails  of  the 
sweat  and  toil  of  the  labor  of  the  workingman.  How 
long  are  we  going  to  tolerate  such  tartarean  swindling 
of  a  class  that  are  of  no  earthly  benefit  to  the  world,  a 


SLAVERY    OF    BARBARIANS.  829 

set  of  drones,  of  nothing  but  damage  to  the  people? 
See  the  honey  bee  hive  ;  they  want  drones  to  contin- 
ue the  race  and  propagate  the  species.  We  keep  them 
to  steal  and  eat  our  substance  and  make  us  poor,  and 
they  are  an  expensive  and  useless  pack  of  thieves. 
We  say  again  to  the  workingmen,  Unite  and  drive  the 
infernal  imps  out  of  office;  you  can  just  as  well  do  it 
as  not.  If  you  are  determined  to  rule,  the  work  is 
then  more  then  half  done,  and  the  remainder  will  come 
as  easily  as  laying  one  hand  on  the  other.  Try  it, 
and  you  will  see.  Thepeople  should  do  all  they  could' 
to  get  the  lands  back  that  were  given  to  the  railroads. 
Those  gifts  served  the  villains  a  double  purpose  ;  the 
first  to  build  up  an  overgrown  aristocracy,  and  make 
them  so  powerful  that  they  could  coerce  and  rob  the 
peeple  in  freights  and  fares,  and  the  second  is  to  build 
or  strengthen  and  assist  aristocracy  enslave  the  peo- 
ple. A  black  imp  says  that  wages  should  be  less  be- 
cause some  workingmen  spend  their  money,  and  in 
the  next  minute  he  said  if  the  tariff  was  reduced  then 
labor  would  be  reduced.  He  wants  to  hire  the  labor- 
ing man  cheap,  and  he  does  not  think  of  the  equity  in 
the  case  ;  that  is  a  point  a  black  Republican  cannot  see. 
All  the  officers  that  could  be  elected  should  be  done 
so,  such  as  postmasters,  and  in  fact,  all  the  officers  now 
appointed  by  the  President  should  be  elected  by  the 
people.  And  laws  concerning  bribery  and  corruption 
should  be  punished  by  death ;  and  a  man  elected  to 
carry  out  a  certain  principle,  a  failure  to  do  so,  if  it 
was  in  his  power,  should  be  sufficient  proof  of  his  guilt, 
and  those  who  bribed  him  should  receive  the  same 
punishrrtent.  If  the  workingmen  wish  to  be  free  and 
happy  they  must  completely  put  the  infernal  aristoc- 
racy out  of  office.  You  have  seen  that  aristocracy  is 
utterly  unfit  to  rule  a  people ;  that  black  Republicans, 
if  they  are  in  office,  they  will  steal  the  whole  country ; 
and  you  must  elect  men  in  their  places  who  are  for 
honest  government,  for  equal  and  exact  justice  to  all, 
men  who  will  act  impartially,  and  will  grant  favors  to 
none.      The    black   Republicans  are    now  dissatisfied 


830       •  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

with  their  work,  and  if  they  should  do  it  over  again, 
we  think  they  would  not  give  the  negro  the  ballot,  and 
we  think  they  would  not  free  him,  as  he  does  not  vote 
as  they  want  him  to,  and  it  increases  the  representa- 
tion of  the  South  ;  and  the  next  move  will  be  to  get 
rid  of  the  South  and  build  up  an  aristocracy  in  the 
North.  By  the  order  of  Grant,  Sheridan  devastated 
the  valley  as  far  as  Staunton,  driving  the  stock  and 
burning  the  crops,  mills,  and  all  tools.  Such  is  aris- 
tocratic warfare — always  has  been,  from  primeval 
times.  Burning  was  a  favorite  practice  with  them  ; 
sacking  cities,  killing  men,  women  and  children,  and 
plundering  and  robbing  the  people,  leveling  cities  with 
the  ground,  taking  prisoners  and  selling  them  into 
slavery,  some  owning  20,000. 

The  black  Republican  says  the  high  tariff  is  for  the 
protection  of  the  laboring  man,  and  he  lies  when 
he  says  so,  and  he  knows  he  does  lie.  He  is  in- 
terested in  cheap  labor.  Nothing  but  his  interest 
affects  him.  And  a  well  known  writer  on  political 
economy  says  that  there  is  no  conflict  between  labor 
and  capital,  when  you  can  scarcely  take  up  a  newspa- 
per but  you  can  see  strike,  strike,  and  four  times  out 
of  five  the  diabolical  scamps  gain  their  point.  We  are 
sorry  it  is  so,  but  we  cannot  alter  the  matter;  so  it  is, 
and  we  have  to  accept  the  truth,  good  or  bad,  and  give 
it  to  our  readers.  This  book  aims  to  give  the  facts, 
and  wants  the  people  to  judge  for  themselves.  A  man 
of  no  mind  of  his  own  is  an  insignificant  and  trifling 
puppy.  But  we  give  our  own  opinion,  and  endeavor 
to  give  it  to  the  point,  and  correctly.  This  book  is 
the  workingman's  advocate,  but  it  will  not  lie  for  any 
one,  and  if  the  interest  of  the  workingman  required  us 
to  lie,  we  would  not  be  his  advocate,  and  drop  him  as 
soon  as  a  red  hot  iron.  But  his  interest,  and  truth, 
and  veracity,  and  honesty,  and  integrity,  are  in  perfect 
accord ;  and  right,  and  justice,  and  equity,  and  morality 
are  in  perfect  harmony  with  his  interest  and  welfare. 
So  we  are  for  the  workingmaji.  But  we  must  speak 
the  truth  about  the  lying,  thieving  aristocrat.     He  is  a 


SLAVERY    OF    BARBARIANS.  83 1 

drone,  and  lives   on    the  labor  of  the  honest  working- 
man,  and  gives  him  not  a  penny's  renumeration.      He 
sups  on  the  fat  of  the  land  without  toiling.      He  is  of 
no   use   and   benefit.     He   must  be  laid  on  the  shelf. 
He  must  be  boycotted.     There  is  no  sense  in  keeping 
him  in  extravagance,  and  luxury,  and  idleness,  and  at 
great  expense,  and  enormous  drafts  on   the  purses  of 
the  people,  and  no  returns.    We  say  again,  if  you  want 
to  be  a  sensible,   and  free,  and    well  to-do-man,   go 
against  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy.      If  you 
want  to  be  a  serf,  and  slave,  and  thief,  go  for  the  infer- 
nal black  aristocracy.     Now,  take  your  choice,  be  one 
of  the  four  million  thieves  and  slaves,  and  serve  the 
infamous  aristocracy,  or   be  a  free  man,  and  join  the 
Democracy,  and  be  an  advocate  of  honest  government, 
and  do  not  go  with  the  infernals,  who  say  there  is  no 
honest  man,  and  who  tread  in  the  footprints  of  Alex- 
ander  Hamilton,   who   said    corruption   is    necessary. 
All  that  is  worth  a  wish,  a  thought,  nature  gives  un- 
bribed  and  unbought.     The  political  economist  says 
the  land  pirate  raises  the  rent,  and  the  capitalist  in 
self  defense  lowers  the  wages  of  his  hired  men  ;  it  is 
so  in  a  part ;  the  capitalist  has  an  excuse  to  lower  the 
wages.      That  is  all  he  wants.     Let  us  illustrate.    The 
land  pirate  raises   the  rent  of  the  capitalists  one  per 
cent,  on  the  capital  of  th.e  capitalists,  and  he  is  getting 
2i^  per  cent.,  and  that  is  criminal  to  take  such  a  sum 
from  labor.    But  the  capitalist  has  no  feelings,  no  soul, 
and  no  conscience,  and  he  makes  the  workingman  pay 
the  rise  in  the  rent  by  lowering  his  wages.     And  it  is 
natural  that  the  money  grabber  strives  to  make  all  he 
can,  by  fair  means  or  foul,  he  cares  not  how,  only  that 
he  makes  the  money.      The  capitalist  has  to  pay  the 
laborer  every  month,  and  he  has  to  wait  along  time  to 
get  it  back,  and  there  is  some  risk  that  the  article  will 
fall   in  price.     So   he,   at   the   start,  hires  the  laborer 
as  cheap  as  he  can;  and  there  is  the  conflict  between 
labor  and  capital.     Yet   the  political  economist  says 
there  is  no  conflict  between  labor  and  capital.      And 
labor  is  decreasing  most  every  year,  men  working  for 


832  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

fifty  to  sixty-five  cents  a  day,  and  have  to  board  them- 
selves. Such  is  the  mistake  of  the  political  economist. 
The  occupation  of  the  drones  is  to  steal  the  people's 
money,  and  make  them  poor,  and  keep  them  so,  that 
they  can  enslave  them,  and  get  all  their  earnings  but 
a  poor  pittance,  just  enough  to  keep  soul  and  body  to- 
gether, and  enrich  themselves  by  infernal  class  legis- 
lation. Read  the  introduction  and  the  bill  on  the  tar- 
iff, and  railroads,  and  banking,  and  telegraph  compan- 
ies, and  you  will  be  satisfied  that  we  are  the  worst 
robbed  people  in  the  world,  and  it  is  a  pity  that  the 
people  do  not  take  care  of  their  earnings,  and  lay  up 
some  money  for  a  rainy  day,  and  that  would  enable 
them  to  preserve  their  liberty.  But  it  is  strange  that 
the  four  million  slaves  and  serfs  give  their  earnings  to 
an  ignorant,  and  flagitious,  and  vile,  codfish,  black 
Republican  aristocracy.  The  Democrat  is  the  man  of 
progress,  and  the  black  Republicans  are  in' favor  of 
going,  or  having  the  people  go,  back  into  barbarism. 
And  that  is  the  teachings  of  the  infernals ;  we  have 
heard  them  teach  that,  and  also  that  there  was  no 
honest  man.  That  is  conceding  their  own  infamy  and 
degradation. 

GOVERNMENT. 

The  fool  says  that  Democracy  cannot  stand.  The 
simpleton  might  as  well  say  that  honesty  will  not  stand, 
that  morality  will  not  stand,  that  virtue  is  evanescent, 
and  that  truth  is  a  myth  ;  but  the  Stygian  imp  does  say 
all  those  horrible  things.  Can  it  be  in  this  nineteenth 
century  that  we  have  a  set  of  infernals  laboring  to  de- 
grade the  world,  that  they  may  rob,  steal,  and  plunder 
it  ?  Can  it  be  that  we  have  four  millions  of  demons 
who  are  determined  to  destroy  the  people  by  degrad- 
ing them  ?  Read  our  book,  and  examine  it  carefully, 
and  what  do  you  see  ?  Antagonism,  strife,  conflicts, 
feuds,  blood  in  battles,  enough  to  form  a  river;  war 
continually  sacking  the  best  cities,  killing  and  butch- 
ering the  best  of  the  race,  men,  women,  and  children, 
ai:id  by  whom  ?  By  aristocracy ;  it  was  the  drones 
that   did  such   infernal    and   tartarean  work,   and  the 


SLAVERY    OF    BARBARIANS.  S33 

most  ignorant  of  the  people  tliat  could  be  found  assist- 
ed in  doing  the  diabolical  work.  We  say  to  the  work- 
ingman,  Do  not  go  out  of  your  country  to  war  with 
any  nation.  War  cannot  be  just  only  in  self  defense. 
The  brutes  are  not  so  bad  as  that.  Man  oftentimes  is 
worse  than  a  brute.  War  is  a  calamity  that  cannot  be 
repaired  in  less  than  a  century,  if  it  is  of  considerable 
magnitude.  Now,  the  people  of  the  United  States 
and  France  are  working  to  pay  the  debt  made  in  wars, 
and  what  good  has  been  done  by  it?  None;  it  is  a 
terrible  evil.  But  says  a  fool,  the  freeing  of  the  slaves 
is  worth  many  times  more  than  the  cost  of  the  war. 
That  money  would  have  bought  the  slaves,  and  freed 
them,  and  a  few  years'  sensible  agitation  would  have 
brought  it  about;  but  the  black  infernal  Asmodeans 
did  not  wish  to  settle  it  peaceably.  No ;  they  said 
some  blood-letting  would  do  the  country  good,  and 
the  imps  knew  that  a  high  tariff  would  be  necessary 
to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  war,  and  the  people  have 
to  pay  more  than  eight  times  as  much  as  goes  into  the 
treasury.  The  infernals  get  more  than  five  times  as 
much  as  the  government  does,  and  the  merchants 
more  than  three  to  five  times  as  much  as  the  govern- 
ment does.  The  infernal,  black,  codfish,  Republican 
aristocracy  wanted  war.  It  would  make  them  rich, 
and  it  would  degrade  and  demoralize  the  people,  and 
it  would  enable  them  to  buy  voters  to  keep  in  power. 
Now,  they  have  stolen  nearly  all  the  money  in  the 
country,  and  the  four  million  slaves  do  not  know  it. 

MORALITY. 

It  is  time  that  we  act  like  human  beings,  and  es- 
chew evil,  and  do  good.  We  cannot  see  the  benefit 
of  being  a  barbarian,  and  we  think  there  is  no  profit 
in  it,  and  we  are  of  the  opinion  that  if  a  man  who  is 
trickish  should  keep  an  account  of  all  the  evil  and 
fraudulent  acts  he  does,  he  would  find  that  it  did  not 
pay  him ;  besides  the  shame  resulting  from  dishonest 
acts,  and  also  the  fine  feelings  which  the  honest  man 
has,  which  the  liar  and  cheat  is  a  perfect  stranger  to. 
The   way   of   the    transgressor   is   hard.     He   has    no 


634  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

peace  of  mind,  and  no  ease  of  conscience.  As  we 
have  often  said,  a  man  has  no  right  to  He,  and  cheat, 
and  swindle  his  fellow  man.     The  poet  said  : 

"  A  wit  is  a  feather,  a  chief  is  a  rod, 
An  honest  man  is  the  noblest  work  of  God," 

But  when  one  man  vindicated  morals,  another  said : 
I  thought  you  knew  better.  This  will  not  do;  the  true 
and  highest  characteristic  of  man  is  morality.  It  is 
true;  first,  he  must  have  food  and  clothing;  and  the 
beasts  of  the  field,  and  the  reptiles  of  swamps,  and  the 
fishes  of  the  sea,  and  the  fowls  of  the  air  all  must  have 
food  ;  and  they  have  the  instinct  to  find  their  food. 
Next  to  food  and  clothing  man  needs  education  and 
knowledge,  and  he  needs  such  knowledo^e  as  will  make 
him  happy,  and  comfortable,  and  independent,  and  a 
free  man.  He  should  study  Political  Economy^  as 
soon  as  he  can  spare  the  time  to  do  so,  and  he  should 
attend  particularly  to  politics.  He  should  attend  the 
primary  conventions,  and  see  as  far  as  lies  in  his  pow- 
er that  honest  men  of  good  and  liberal  principles  are 
chosen  for  candidates  for  election.  A  man  may  be 
called  an  honest  man,  and  be  the  worst  man  you  could 
elect  to  office.  Scrutinize  carefully  what  his  princi- 
ples are  ;  if  he  is  for  aristocracy,  for  a  high  tariff,  for 
monopoly,  for  the  present  banking  system  (of  British 
origin),  for  a  national  debt,  for  war,  for  high  freights 
and  fares  on  railroads,  for  class  legislation,  and  tele- 
graph monopoly — if  he  is  for  these  infernal  measures, 
do  not  vote  for  such  a  man.  To  save  him  from  per- 
dition, do  not  vote  for  him.  If  you  value  your  liberty, 
if  you  love  your  family,  if  you  want  to  keep  some  cash 
in  your  pocket,  do  not  vote  for  him.  He  is  a  debased, 
debauched,  detestable,  despicable,  degenerate,  degrad- 
ed, dastard,  dark,  demoniac,  destructive,  and  deceitful 
villain,  and  tartarean  knave  and  gull-catcher. 

Men  are  generally  governed  by  their  feelings  and 
reason,  and  men  of  equal  intelligence,  sometimes,  the 
most  intelligent  man  is  the  most  venal,  vicious,  immor- 
al and  treacherous.  The  aristocrats  believe  that  the 
people  should  obey  their  rulers  and  work  for  them  on 


SLAVERY    OF    BARBARIANS.  835 

low  wages.  They  have  an  egregious  and  overweening 
opinion  of  themselves  ;  but  never  was  a  set  of  villains 
so  much  mistaken.  They  are  a  barbarous  and  igno- 
rant set  of  scoundrels.  We  have  had  for  24  years  the 
most  infernal,  corrupt,  degraded  and  villainous  govern- 
ment that  the  world  ever  saw.  And  we  have  not  heard 
one  of  the  diabolical  basilisks  say  a  word  against  anv 
thing  they  done.  Shame  !  can  it  be  that  we  have  a 
party  that  has  the  power  in  the  land;  and  it  adminis- 
ters the  government  the  most  extravagantly  and  expen- 
sively; and  robs  the  people  more  than  any  government 
ever  robbed  their  subjects,  and  their  serfs,  and  slaves, 
and  tliieves,  and  robbers  never  found  a  word  of  fault. '^ 
Now,  who  can  tell  me  what  kind  of  infernal  reptiles 
and  brutes  they  are  .f*  The  thieves  take  their  all,  and 
they  do  not  resent  it;  but  turn  in  and  help  them  steal. 
It  is  an  infernal  shame,  and  these  infernal  thieves,  and 
tartareans,  and  serfs  and  slaves,  think  they  are  smart. 
Now,  every  person  but  a  black  infernal  knows  that  the 
money  has  been  transferred  in  the  last  twenty-four  years 
into  the  hands  of  a  villainous  set  of  scamps  and  knaves. 
The  belials  make  2)7  P^i*  cent.  46  per  cent.,  47  per  cent. 
on  the  high  tariff  steal  ;  a  billion  a  year  on  the  rail- 
roads;  and  the  asmodeans  give  their  pets  three  hun- 
dred and  nearly  fifty  millions  of  dollars  to  bank  with, 
and  ask  them  nothing,  only  have  them  give  security 
to  return  the  money  when  they  see  fit.  The  army  and 
navy  cost  $1,512  to  support  a  man  a  year,  and  they 
give  300  millions  of  acres  of  land  to  their  stygian  tools 
and  scamps.  They  let  the  thieves  steal  billions  out  of 
the  war,  and  billions  out  of  the  national  debt,  and  bil- 
lions out  of  the  telegraph  lines,  and  billions  out  of  other 
monopolies.  Do  you  think  that  any  dictionary  has 
words  sufficiently  strong  to  describe  the  infernal  char- 
acters of  such  infamous  brutes  ?  And  all  the  time 
they  are  stealing,  not  a  word  of  fault  is  found  with 
them;  but  the  four  million' liars  and  thieves  turn  in 
and  help.  The  illustrations  we  make  will  be  confined 
to  the  animal  kingdom,  beginning  where  the  vital  func- 
tions are  the  most  obscure.     We  find  in  the  Porifera, 


836  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

creatures  consisting  of  nothing  but  jelly  and  horny 
fibres  (sponge).  They  have  no  sensation,  no  organs, 
get  nutriment  by  absorbing  water,  and  if  cut  into 
pieces,  each  piece  will  live  and  be  an  animal  as  the 
original  one  was.  These  animals  are,  with  some, 
thought  to  be  vegetables.  And  some  vegetables  have 
some  motion.  See  Animal  Kingdom,  in  Webster's  un- 
abridged. Next  are  the  compound  Polyps  ;  in  them 
there  is  a  distinction  of  parts.  To  the  jelly  with  ca- 
nals running  through  it,  we  have  in  addition,  in  the  Al- 
cyonidce,  a  number  of  digestive  sacks  with  mouths  and 
tentacles.  Here  is  an  apparent  progress  towards  in- 
dividuality. In  these  animals  no  nerves  have  been  seen. 
In  the  Nematoneura  we  find  the  first  step  towards  pro- 
gress. The  nervous  matter  is  distinctly  massed  into 
filaments.  In  the  Homogangliata  the  matter  of  nerves 
is  concentrated  in  equal  masses  called  ganglia.  In  the 
Heteroganglia  some  of  these  small  masses  are  massed 
together  in  larger  ones.  Finally,  in  the  Vertebrata  the 
greater  part  of  the  nervous  centres  are  united  to  form 
the  brain.  And  in  the  rest  of  the  body  there  has  taken 
place  the  same  process  into  distinct  systems  :  muscu- 
lar, respiratory,  nutritive,  excretive,  absorbent,  circula- 
tory, etc.,  and  these  again  into  separate  parts,  with  spec- 
ial functions  to  the  highest  (man).  So  we  can  see  how 
nature  has  progressed  in  animals  and  in  government. 
There  has  been  like  progress  from  times  of  Feudalism, 
when  the  people  had  no  rights,  the  baron  stole  them  ; 
and  the  people,  like  the  four  million  thieves,  and  liars, 
and  serfs,  and  slaves  did  not  resent  it.  So  now  in  this 
country  we  see  a  lying,  thieving,  infernal,  black  imps 
stealing  the  people's  money  ;  and  the  four  million  serfs 
and  slaves  helping  them  steal  the  people's  money,  and 
also  their  own.  These  four  million  serfs  and  slaves, 
who  steal  for  their  masters,  have  many  of  them  wives 
and  children  starving  for  the  want  of  food  and  cloth- 
ing. Can  it  be  that  a  man  would  be  so  nefarious  and 
unfeeling,  and  inhuman,  and  tartarean,  as  to  steal  for 
his  master,  and  give  it  nearly  all  to  him,  and  let  his 
wife  and  children  starve  .^      It  looks  mysterious;  but 


SLAVERY    CF    BARBARIANS.  837 

such  is  the  four  million  of  serfs,  and   slaves,   and  liars, 
and  thieves,  who  steal  for  the  black   Republicans. 

We  hear  that  some  black  Republican  liars  and 
thieves,  and  a  few  black  Democrats,  are  criticizing  and 
animadverting  our  book  in  advance.  This  is  what  we 
ex|:)ected.  The  thieves  will  not  quietly  give  up  their 
stealing,  and  they  will  work  cautiously,  and  set  their 
Siberian  bloodhounds  to  work,  which  will  be  to  lie, 
censure,  and  do  all  they  can  to  injure  the  book.  We 
know  some  of  the  ignorant  fools,  and  we  pit}^  them. 
They  know  not  on  which  side  their  bread  is  buttered. 
We  write  for  their  interest,  and  they  abuse  us  for  it. 
They  are  barbarians,  and  they  are  always  envious,  ma- 
lignant, and  overflowing  with  rancor.  They  are  doing 
as  silly  gulls  always  have  done — serving  their  masters. 
They  are  voluntary  slaves,  often  anticipating  the  ipse 
dixit  of  their  file  leader.  They  do  not  know  their 
interest,  and  they  know  nothing  about  the  foundation 
of  politics.  Yet  they  pretend  to  know  all  about  it. 
Most  of  them  are  men  of  families,  and  they  do  all 
they  can  in  political  matters  to  make  their  children 
slaves,  by  giving  the  property  of  the  country  to  a  few 
infernal  scamps,  not  knowing  ,that  the  scamps  who 
get  the, money  will  use  it  for  their  own  interest,  and 
-  to  rob  them  and  their  children  and  their  children's  chil- 
dren. Politically,  they  know  not  on  which  end  they 
stand.  They  say  very  few  will  buy  our  book.  Aris- 
tocracy, always  vile,  and  vicious,  and  venomous,  are 
presaging  dire  calamities  on  their  opponents,  and 
never  hit  the  mark.  We  write  this  book  for  the  work- 
ingman.  What  will  sell  and  take  with  the  people  is 
but  of  little  consideration,  and  secondary.  First,  we 
desire  to  tell  the  truth,  and,  as  far  as  within  us  lies,  we 
intend  to  do  so,  and  acquaint  the  workingman  how 
he  is,  and  always  has  been,  robbed :  how  he  always 
has  been  a  silly  gull,  and  served  a  lying,  infernal,  and 
stealing  aristocracy,  and  that  it  is  time  he  quits  wor- 
shipping wealth.  That  is  the  height  of  folly ;  it  will 
do  him  no  good.  They  will  give  him  nothing,  but 
steal  his  low  wages,  instead  of  helping  him.     And  we 


838  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

say  to  the  workingman,  keep  your  watch  on  the  aris- 
tocrat. He  is  your  only  and  venomous  enemy.  Do 
not  take  any  of  his  soft  soap  ;  take  your  own  advice, 
use  your  own  sense  and  judgment,  and  exercise  your 
mind,  and  you  will  be  sure  to  come  out  right.  The 
aristocrats  have  destroyed  many  governments  by  steal- 
ing. 

In  the  fall  of  1880  a  lawyer  of  the  city  of  Baltimore 
went  out  in  the  country  and  made  a  speech  ;  he  ha- 
rangued the  Republicans,  and  among  the  numerous 
tartarean  lies  he  told  the  black  Republican,  credulous 
dupes,  was,  that  if  the  Democrats  should  be  success- 
ful and  get  possession  of  the  government,  they  would 
pay  off  the  Confederate  bonds.  Some  of  the  bonds 
were  held  by  Republicans,  and  one  of  the  Republicans 
who  was  present  held  those  bonds  to  a  considerable 
amount.  He  then  concluded  that  he  would  endeavor 
to  make  money  by  buying  more  bonds,  and  vote  the 
Democratic  ticket.  So  he  persuaded  several  Repub- 
licans to  vote  the  Democratic  ticket,  and  after  the 
election  he  took  his  bonds  to  the  lying,  knavish,  and 
unprincipled  scamp  the  lawyer,  and  asked  him  what 
the  bonds  which  he  had  in  a  basket,  which  he  showed 
to  the  knave,  was  worth  now  the  Democratic  President 
was  elected.  The  infernal  scamp  told  him  that  they 
were  worth  four  cents  a  pound.  But,  says  the  dupe^ 
who  had  formerly  had  implicit  confidence  in  the  mer- 
cenary imp,  you  toJd  us  that  if  Cleveland  was  elected 
the  Confederate  bonds  would  be  paid  by  the  United 
States  government.  O,  says  he,  that  was  said  in  a 
political  speech,  and  it  is  not  like  it  would  be  if  said  in 
business.  And  we  can  see  plainly  that  the  infernal 
reptiles  and  ophidians  do  not  care  what  they  say  to 
the  people,  if  it  is  only  for  their  interest.  Nothing  is 
too  low  and  mean  for  a  black  Republican  hydra  to 
say  or  do  if  it  is  for  his  interest.  So  an  infernal,  infat- 
uated, and  nefarious  brute  said  that  the  Democrats 
had  no  rights  that  the  Republicans  were  morally  or 
legitimately  bound  to  respect.  And  what  followed.? 
His  State  gave  him  the  highest  office  in  their  power 


SLAVERY    OF    BARBARIANS.  839 

to  give,  and  the  leading,  flagitious  Asmodeans  of  the 
black  imps  of  the  United  States  gave  him  the  highest 
office  in  their  gift.  And  the  candidate  for  the  high- 
est office  in  the  gift  of  the  people  said  that  if  the  r3em- 
ocrats  succeeded  in  getting  possession  of  the  govern- 
ment, they  would  enslave  the  negroes  of  the  South. 
Now,  what  can  we  extract  from  that  ?  It  is  that  the 
black  imps  are  degraded,  lying,  unprincipled  and  fla- 
Sjitious  villains. 

Garfield  said  that  this  government  was  tending  to 
centralization ;  and  he  again,  in  a  speech  at  Newark 
City,  eulogized  Alexander  Hamilton  ;  and  he  was  a 
monarchist,  and  in  favor  of  a  corrupt  government. 
And  no  doubt  the  leaders  of  the  infernal  black  imps 
are  for  the  Hamiltonian  government.  Examine  the 
bill,  and  that  will  satisfy  any  honest  and  sensible  man. 
The  New  York  Tridune  inquires  with  a  sneer :  "  What 
is  the  Democratic  administration  opposed  to,  anyhow  ?  " 
The  question  can  be  briefly  answered.  It  is  opposed 
to  official  dishonesty  and  corruption  in  office  ;  it  is 
opposed  to  public  thieves,  as  in  the  Star  Route  lar- 
cenies;  it  is  opposed  to  the  destruction  of  free  gov- 
ernment by  the  perversion  or  corruption  of  the  public 
will ;  against  extravagant  expenditures  and  needless 
taxation  ;  against  the  extravagant  expenditure  of  the 
public  lands,  and  giving  away  of  the  public  lands  to 
railroad  corporations ;  and  against  legislation  discrim- 
inating in  favor  of  capital  and  against  labor.  It  is,  in 
fact,  opposed  to  nearly  everything  that  the  black  Re- 
publican codfish  aristocracy  have  done  in  the  twenty- 
four  years  they  have  been  stealing.  They  say  they 
have  saved  the  country.  They  save  a  country  ;  Asmo- 
deus  would  as  soon  save  it  for  his^own  use,  as  they 
would  save  it.  They  gave  it  away  in  the  twenty-four 
years  they  were  in  office.  They  save  a  country  !  They 
will  steal  a  country,  and  they  did  steal  our  country, 
and  gave  it  away  to  an  infernal,  and  corrupt,  and  de- 
graded codfish  aristocracy.  They  save  a  country ! 
They  robbed  the  people  of  their  rights  and  earnings, 
and   took  them  back  in  morals  more  than  a  hundred 


840  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDF. 

years.  Such  is  the  diabolical  work  of  an  infamous, 
infernal,  infatuated,  inflated,  infectious,  infuriated,  in- 
human, and  iniquitous  codfish  aristocracy.  A  black 
imp  says  that  a  high  tariff  does  not  raise  the  price  of 
goods.  That  is  the  way  the  lying  scamps  talk.  A 
tariff  is  laid  to  keep  foreigners  from  selling  in  our 
country  unless  they  pay  a  high  tariff  ;  then  they  can 
charge  more  for  their  goods;  and  can  a  man  say 
that  they  would  not  charge  more  ?  And  another 
egregious  fanatic  says  that  if  the  Democrats  rule, 
wages  will  be  reduced  fifty  per  cent.  Honest  men  will 
vote  the  Democratic  ticket.  That  is  the  ne plus  ultra 
of  government.  There  is  none  that  is  so  elevated  and 
just.  If  the  Statue  of  Liberty  could  speak,  it  would 
tell  you  in  tones  of  thunder  that  Democracy  is  the 
elevated  government.  The  New  York  Times,  a  Re- 
publican sheet,  says:  "All  we  want  is  honest  govern- 
ment"; and  he  voted  the  Democratic  ticket.  The 
black  Republicans  said  they  were  the  friends  of  the 
workingman,  and  they  proved  their  degraded  lies  by 
importing  tens  of  thousands  of  cheap  laborers  from 
Europe  and  Asia,  and  giving  them  from  forty  to  fifty 
cents  a  day,  and  reducing  the  wages  of  many  men 
who  have  families,  and  are  Americans,  to  sixty  cents 
a  day,  and  board  themselves.  How  can  they  support 
their  families  }  They  cannot  support  them  decently; 
but  what  do  the  infernal  reptiles  in  human  form  care 
for  that.?  They  want  all  the  money  in  the  country; 
then  they  can  and  will  enslave  the  people.  The  no- 
bler and  loftier  and  higher-minded  the  individual  is, 
the  more  highly  he  estimates  his  liberty  and  rights, 
and  the  less  tyranny  and  oppression  he  will  tolerate ; 
and  before  he  yiekls  his  liberty  and  rights,  he  will  re- 
sist by  force.  He  will  rather  die  a  free  man  than  live 
a  slave.  He  knows  the  ignominy  of  the  codfish  aris- 
tocracy, and  they  hate  the  working  white  man,  and 
love  the  Chinaman,  because  they  can  hire  him  cheap. 
So  they  hate  the  Democrats,  but  they  know  they  are 
their  superiors.  The  black  Republicans  arc  barba- 
rians.    The   workingman   must  boycott  them.     That 


SLAVERY.  841 

will  materially  assist  the  Democrats,  and  that  is  right. 
What  egregious  foil}'  it  is  to  countenance  and  support 
and  tolerate  a  vile  aristocracy.  The  workingman 
should  not  buy  a  penny's  worth  of  the  infernal  repro- 
bates. What  a  wrong  it  is  to  support  and  build  up 
one's  enemies;  and  the  workingman  knows  that  the  in- 
fernal imps  are  the  greatest  enemies  of  the  working- 
man,  and  he  knows  that  the  diabolical  reptiles  and 
Erebus  bloodhounds  have  stolen  nearly  all  the  prop- 
erty in  the  country ;  and  he  knows  that,  he  feels  it, 
and  that  is  telling  on  the  country.  Two  millions  of 
tramps  traveling  over  the  country!  and  who  made  the 
tramps }  The  villainous  basilisks,  by  stealing  their 
wages,  and  the  property  of  the  country;  and  they  will 
steal  as  long  as  the  workingman  suffers  them  to.  We 
say,  Workingman,  now  is  the  time  to  capture  the 
Democratic  party.  You  can  easily  do  it.  Strike  for 
your  rights. 


CHAPTER  LVI. 

SLAVKRY. 

The  Roman  slaves  struck  for  liberty;  that  was  in 
barbarous  times  and  a  war  was  the  result.  The  bar- 
barians yearned  for  liberty,  and  they  were  willing  to  lay 
down  their  lives  for  freedom,  but  they  did  not  obtain 
their  desire  ;  they  were  subdued  and  subjected  to  a 
slavery  worse  than  the  former  one,  but  they  proved 
their  manhood  by  being  willing  to  give  their  blood  for 
freedom.  But  the  four  millions  slaves  and  thieves  and 
serfs  have  no  desire  for  liberty;  they  are  willing  slaves 
of  a  degraded,  and  atrocious,  Black  Republican,  cod- 
fish aristocracy,  and  are  perfectly  satisfied  ;  they  will 
not  listen  to  reason  and  argument,  they  cannot  be 
reached  by  sense  and  demonstration  no  more  than  a 
brute,  they  are  determined  to  ruin  the  country,  by  giv- 
ing it  away  to  a  pack  of  bloodhounds,  and  then  the 
people  can  say  farewell  to  liberty  and  happiness ;  and 
poverty    and   distress,  pauperism    and  starvation,  rob- 


842  THE    VVORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

bing,  and  stealing,  and  crime  will  be  the  end,  and  igno- 
rance and  vice  will  rule  the  country.  The  aristocracy 
have  most  of  the  money,  and  we  are  ruled  by  liars  and 
cheats,  and  knaves,  and  dunces,  and  the  country 
mourns.  Working  men,  unite,  and  check  the  down- 
ward tendency  of  the  morals  of  the  people  ;  the  only 
hope  is  in  the  union  of  the  working  men,  and  they  can 
rule  the  country  and  lay  the  infernal  aristocracy  on  the 
shelf.  But  the  first  step  to  take  is  to  hate,  and  abhor, 
and  detest  those  who  have  always  lied  to  the  working 
men,  and  robbed  them,  and  lived  in  style  and  splendor 
on  their  labor,  and  wore  dresses  that  cost  thousands 
of  dollars,  and  done  no  work.  And  read  the  riches  of 
Croesus,  and  we  can  see  the  robbery  and  plunder  that 
must  have  been  done  to  amass  such  an  immense  quan- 
tity of  property  ;  it  is  vast,  and  we  cannot  see  what  good 
it  can  do  to  a  man  to  have  so  much  property.  Think 
of  the  wealth  the  ithyphalic  Solomon  had  accumu- 
lated (and  the  people  were  poor),  nearly  all  the  wealth 
of  the  countr)^  was  in  his  possession.  It  was  about 
$8,000,000,000,  eight  billions  of  dollars.  He  was  the 
richest  man  that  we  have  any  account  of  in  the  world. 
We  are  satisfied  that  the  people  should  stop  the  atro- 
cious, aristocratic  scoundrels  from  the  stealing  the 
earnings  of  the  people.  Working  man,  attend  to  your 
interests. 

See  England  reforming  her  government,  and  the 
people  rule ;  if  it  is  an  aristocracy  and  monarchy  in 
form,  yet  it  is  practically  a  government  of  the  people. 
If  a  majority  of  the  people  are  against  a  measure,  if  it 
is  important,  the  monarch  changes  the  prime  minister, 
and  often  a  new  election  for  a  new  parliament  is  had, 
and  members  fresh  from  the  people  are  chosen;  so  a 
revolution  is  made  peaceably  and  effectually,  and  all 
arc  contented;  if  so,  a  government  may  be  of  one  form 
and  practically  entirely  different.  Hut  we  say,  Do  not 
trust  aristocracy,  if  you  do,  nineteen  times  out  of  twen- 
ty they  will  rob  and  steal  all  your  property.  So  it  is 
barely  possible  that  an  aristocracy  may  rule  for  the 
benefit  of  the  jjeople,  and  if  they  do,  it  will  be  but  for 


SLAVERY.  843 

a  short  period.  An  aristocracy  may  be  a  better  gov- 
ernment tiian  a  democracy,  but  a  people  must  be  luna- 
tics who  trust  them.  For  the  last  twenty-four  years 
the  English  government  has  been  a  far  superior  gov- 
ernment to  the  United  States  government.  They 
have  not  lied,  and  cheated  the  people  in  railroads,  tariff, 
telegraphs,  and  monopolies  generally,  as  this  govern- 
ment has  done,  and  they  have  respected  the  rights  of 
the  people ;  while  in  this  country  the  rights  of  the  peo- 
ple have  not  been  respected  at  all.  The  whole  end 
has  been  to  cheat,  rob,  steal  and  plunder  the  people, 
and  they  have  succeeded  perfectly.  They  have  stolen 
more  than  the  country  is  worth  in  twenty-four  years, 
and  a  basilisk  of  the  Congress  says :  The  Democrats 
(and  they  are  the  people)  have  no  rights  that  the  Re- 
publicans are  legitimately  or  morally  bound  to  respect. 
It  is  a  pity,  and  a  shame  to  humanity,  that  such  infer- 
nal scamps  have  any  authority  or  influence  in  any 
country,  civilized  or  barbarous ;  and  worse,  he  was  el- 
evated over  a  good  man,  and  the  infernal  hydras  ele- 
vated him  to  the  highest  point  in  their  power.  Such 
is  the  degradation,  and  atrocity,  and  iniquity  of  aris- 
tocracy. The  four  million  serfs  and  slaves  choose  to 
be  ruled  by  a  band  of  liars  and  thieves  of  the  blackest 
dye,  and  have  no  thoughts,  no  care,  how  the  govern- 
ment is  conducted,  and  they  are  ruled  by  a  band  of 
Alastors,  Apollyons,  Abaddons,  Asmodeans,  Azraels, 
alligators,  anacondas,  Agamas,  Anthropophagi, animals, 
amphibians,  and  yet  they  are  deifying  and  eulogizing 
their  brutal  masters. 

Aristocracy  is  the  great  robber  of  the  world  ;  he  has 
robbed  the  people  of  the  world  a  hundred  times  more 
than  all  the  property  was  in  the  world  at  any  particu- 
lar date  ;  and  their  robbery  is  not  like  a  horse-thief, 
that  steals  your  horse  or  breaks  in  your  house  and  robs 
you  of  your  money,  that  is  the  last  of  it;  you  do  not 
see  him  again,  perhaps.  It  is  a  new  and  continuous 
robbery,  that  is,  repeated  every  day  and  every  hour. 
It  is  not  from  the  produce  of  the  past  that  the  aristo- 
crat steals,  but  from  the  present.     He  steals  day  and 


844  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

night,  it  matters  not  if  one  is  poor  and  needy.  He 
takes  your  daily  bread.  He  levies  a  tribute  on  labor 
constantly  and  without  intermission.  Every  move  of 
the  muscle,  every  pulsation  of  the  heart,  every  blow  of 
the  hammer,  every  stroke  of  the  engine,  every  thrust 
of  the  shuttle,  every  drop  of  blood  in  the  laborer,  he 
takes  its  work.  It  takes  toll  of  the  men  in  the  mines 
deep  under  ground,  who  risk  their  lives;  it  robs  those 
that  are  risking  their  Hves  on  the  foaming  ocean  ;  and 
robs  the  robber,  and  it  takes  toll  from  the  sportsman. 
It  takes  the  profits  of  the  inventor's  toil  and  weary  la- 
bor ;  it  takes  little  children  whose  bones  are  soft  and 
muscles  tender,  and  tasks  them  and  makes  them  work 
in  the  mines  and  factories  ;  it  robs  the  cold  and  hun- 
gry of  fuel  and  food  ;  it  starves  the  suckling  babe  at  its 
mother's  breast,  it  takes  medicine  from  the  sick,  and 
steals  from  those  in  keen  hunger  and  distress,  and  it 
steals  from  the  workingman  his  daily  wages.  It  de- 
grades and  debases  the  poor ;  it  imbrutes  the  masses  ; 
it  impoverishes  community,  makes  paupers  of  its  supe- 
riors ;  it  crowds  like  swine,  eight  to  twelve  poor  labor- 
ers in  a  single  room.  It  demoralizes  the  people,  and 
preaches  that  there  is  no  honest  man  ;  and  that  we  are 
going  into  barbarism.  It  makes  good  boys  candidates 
for  prisons  and  penitentiaries,  who  would  have  made 
useful  members  of  society.  It  fills  brothels  with  beau- 
tiful and  affectionate  girls,  who  would  be  an  ornament 
to  society,  and  a  blessing  to  their  parents  and  husbands, 
and  have  reared  sons  and  daughters  that  would  have 
assisted  to  redeem  the  world  and  hasten  the  millennium. 
It  lias  filled  the  country  with  tramps,  and  criminals; 
and  has  brought  woe,  misery  and  distress  in  the  world. 
It  has  enlisted  the  hatred  of  man  against  his  brother. 
Aristocracy  sends  greed  and  all  evil  passions  through 
society,  as  a  hard  winter  drives  the  wolves  to  the  abode 
of  men.  It  darkens  faith  in  true  manhood,  and  makes 
slaves  of  human  souls.  It  is  robbery  always  in  the  past 
and  future,  and  nothing  but  robbery;  a  robbery  of  the 
liberty  of  infants  yet  unborn,  and  taking  their  patri- 
mony and  birthright  before  they  come  into  the  world. 


SLAVERY.  845 

We* should  extripate  such  ignominious  and  shameful 
actions  ;  we  should  unite  and  extinguish  such  enormi- 
ty in  season.  It  has  already  taken  hold  of  the  body 
politic  like  a  cancer,  and  it  will  take  the  united  effort 
of  the  people  to  eradicate  it  from  the  system.  It  has 
sent  its  roots  in  all  directions  in'the  body  and  soul  of 
the  community,  and  if  the  people  do  not  attend  to  the 
virus  soon,  it  will  destroy  both  the  people  and  the  de- 
based aristocracy  that  have  inaugurated  it  to  rob  and 
plunder  the  people.  We  say  to  the  workingman,  do 
not  procrastinate,  do  not  put  off  a  day  what  you  can  do 
immediately ;  all  unite  and  crush  aristocracy,  or  you 
will  all  be  serfs  and  slaves.  Any  man  knows,  if  he  has 
a  grain  of  common  sense,  that  if  a  few  men  have  all 
the  property  they  will  enslave  the  mass  of  the  people; 
and  no  man  of  an  ounce  of  brains  would  wish  to  have 
the  infernal,  black,  codfish  aristocracy  have  the  proper- 
ty of  the  country,  if  he  valued  his  liberty  and  indepen- 
dence one  penny.  The  case  is  a  plain  one,  but  re- 
quires immediate  action.  Do  not  delay,  or  you  will  be 
too  late.  Every  workingman  must  vote  the  Demo- 
cratic ticket.  What  use  was  it  to  vote  for  spooney 
Butler,  or  the  temperance  ticket  ?  They  were  traps  to 
catch  gulls  and  dunces,  and  some  were  caught.  And 
do  you  think  that  any  number  of  the  treacherous, 
knavish  and  unprincipled,  black,  codfish  did  vote  for 
the  two  tickets  mentioned  }  We  say  no  :  they  knew 
that  it  was  a  trap  to  catch  Democrats,  and  voted  the 
lying,  thievish  ticket  of  black  Republicanism.  We  say, 
if  you  do  not  put  down  the  stealing,  and  robbing,  and 
plundering  of  the  people,  you  will  all  be  slaves  ;  it  is 
as  sure  as  the  sun  will  rise  tomorrow  morning,  and  any 
sensible  and  honest  man  can  see  it.  The  infernal  four 
million  liars,  fools,  serfs  and  slaves  will  never  see  it. 
They  are  determined  to  ruin  and  destroy  the  country. 
They  hate  the  Democrats,  and  will  do  anything  to  in- 
jure them. 

Because  the  people  were  robbed  yesterday  and  the 
day  before,  and  the  day  before  that,  and  from  time  im- 
memorial, they  should   not  say,  as  the  silly  gull,  the 


846  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

aristocrat,  serf,  and   slave,  "  that  the  aristocracy  have 
always  ruled,  and  always  will  rule."     So  says  the  four 
millions  oi  fools  and  thieves,  just  as  governments  do 
not  change,  when  the   fact  is,  they  have,  and  are  con- 
tinually changing  ;  and  the  time  will   come  that  they 
are  all  democratic,  and  the  time  will  come  when  the 
land  will  be  owned  by  the  government,  and  rented  to 
the  people,  as  it  should  have  been  a  long  time  ago. 
But  the  people  did  not  know  their  interests,  and   they 
are  slow  to  learn,  and  the  four  millions  will  never  learn 
to  claim  their  rights  and  interests,  and  the  people  will 
get  along  without  those  fools,  whose  interests  will  nev- 
er sway  them.     Because  we  have  always  been  robbed, 
that  is  no  reason  why  we  should  be  robbed  now,  and 
we  say  to  the  workingman,  never  mind  what  the  four 
million  serfs  and   slaves  say.     Do   your  duty,  and  go 
ahead,  and  take  the  helm   of  the  government  under 
your  control,  and  always  vote  against  class  laws.     Nev- 
er vote  to  transfer  money  into  the  hands  of  the  infer- 
nal thieves.     Never  suffer  an   aristocrat   to  get  an  of- 
fice.     Administer  the  government   honestly,  and  eco- 
nomically,  and  justly,   and   impartially ;    and   always 
speak  out  on  political  matters.     Allow  no  stealing  and 
swindling,  no  robbing  and   plundering,  and   you,  by 
union  of  the  workingmen,  will  be  able  to  keep  the  con- 
trol of  the  government  for  all  time.     The  robbers  have 
nearly  all  the  property.     Now,  they  have  stolen  more 
in  the  last  twenty-four  years  than  ever  was  stolen  in 
any  government  in  that  time,  and  if  the  workingmen 
do  not   stop  the   immense  stealing   of   the  cannibals, 
they  will  have  all  of  the  property.     (Look  at  the  bill.) 
By  stopping  the  robbing  a  good  work  is  done.     Look 
at  the  time  our  Revolutionary  fathers  were  taxed  three 
cents  a  pound  on  tea,  and  the  true  spirit  of   manhood 
burst  out  among  the  people.     They  would  sooner  lay 
down  their  lives  than   submit   to  be  enslaved.     How 
elevated  they  were!     How  noble!     They  gave  us  lib- 
erty ;  and  now  look   at  the  present  day.     We  have  a 
band  of  thieves  robbing  the  people,  and  taking  their 
liberty  away.     Our  forefathers  gave  us   liberty,  and  a 


SLAVERY.  847 

band  of  four  million  black  Republican  thieves,  serfs, 
and  slaves  are  robbing  us  of  that  liberty.  How  degen- 
erate those  four  millions!  How  infamous,  to  enslave 
their  kith  and  kin  ! 

The  farm  laborer  receives  the  least  wages  of  all  the 
occupations  in  the  country,  the  mechanic  more,  and 
the  professional  still  more ;  and  perhaps  they  receive 
too  much  for  their  services.  If  one  class  receives  too 
much,  some  other  class  or  classes  must  receive  less. 
The  farmers,  mechanics,  and  laborers  receive  the  least 
wages,  when  they  are  the  most  important,  and  should 
therefore  receive  the  highest  remuneration  for  their 
labor;  and  as  their  labor  is  the  most  arduous,  is  an 
important  reason  that  they  should  receive  the  most  for 
their  labor;  but  they  do  not  receive  it.  Why  is  it  so  ? 
It  is  because  the  others  combine,  and  have  meetings, 
and  study,  and  meditate  on  the  subject ;  and,  getting 
the  higher  wag6s,  they  can  have  leisure  to  prosecute 
their  interests  and  money  to  hire  the  services  of  others  ; 
and,  at  present,  they  who  have  stolen  billions  can,  and 
do,  bribe  many  villains  to  work  for  them  and  steal 
more.  So  it  is  that  the  thieves  have  an  advantage 
over  honest  working  men.  But  we  say  to  the  three 
above-named  classes,  you  are  entitled  to  more  pay  for 
your  services,  and  that  you  do  not  get  such  pay  is  your 
own  fault.  All  you  have  to  be  determined,  in  your 
own  minds,  is,  that  you  will  not  play  in  the  hands  of 
drones,  and  the  work  is  mostly  done.  We  should  be 
ashamed  to  let  a  few  rob,  steal,  and  plunder  us,  the 
many.  Why  will  we  tolerate  such  gross  and  nefarious 
atrocity?  It  is  just  like  if  fifteen  men  should  be 
engaged  in  some  occupation,  and  three  should,  by 
strategy,  cheating,  fraud,  and  lies,  take  all  the  profits 
of  the  concern,  and  the  twelve  be  easy  and  apparent- 
ly satisfied,  and  not  find  anv  fault.  And  so  it  is  that 
the  knaves,  cheats,  and  swindlers  take  all  the  property 
from  the  people.  And  we  say  to  the  tools  of  aris- 
tocracy, the  machines  of  a  vile  and  depraved  band  of 
predaceans,  that  you  should  work  for  yourselves, 
wives,  children,  and  posterity,  and  claim  what  is  right 


848  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

and  honest,  and  be  determined  to  maintain  and  gain 
your  rights.  We  will  give  the  number  of  laborers  of 
different  occupations  in  the  United  States  :  Number 
in  all  occupations,  17,392,099;  number  in  agricultural 
occupation,  7,670,493  ;  number  in  professional  and  per- 
sonal occupations  4,074,238  ;  number  in  trade  and 
transportation,  1,810,256;  number  in  manufacturing, 
mechanical,  and  mining  industries,  3,837,1 12  ;  agricul- 
tural laborers,  3,323,876;  farmers,  4,225,945;  value  of 
farm  productions,  $2,212,540,927,  which  is  $288.45  ^o 
the  laborer,  while  the  laborers  in  the  factories  produce 
about,  or  nearly,  seven  times  as  much.  But,  says  the 
aristocratic  parasite,  that  cannot  be.  We  will  tell  you 
how  that  is  done.  The  laborer  in  the  factory  works 
almost  entirely  with  machinery,  and  the  manufacturer 
sells  the  articles  from  two  to  five  times  as  much  as  the 
poor  farmer  gets,  and  that  is  done  in  this  manner  :  the 
farmer  takes  for  his  produce  what  the  consumer  or  the 
speculator  has  a  mind  to  give  him — that  is,  they  set 
the  price  on  the  farmer's  products,  and  the  manufac- 
turer sets  the  price  on  his  own  articles,  and  he  puts 
the  price  double  or  treble  the  first  cost;  and  if  they 
have  an  over  production,  they  work  on  what  they  call 
short  time,  and  depend  on  the  home  market.  And 
the  down-trodden  farmer  has  to  depend  on  the  markets 
of  foreign  countries,  as  he  has  generally  in  this  coun- 
try an  over  production.  The  manufacturer  makes 
over  40  per  cent,  on  his  capital,  and  the  farmer  makes 
2  per  cent,  on  his  capital  ;  so  the  manufacturer  makes 
about  twenty  times  as  much  on  his  capital  as  the  farm- 
er, and  no  wonder  that  the  money  is  all  accumulating 
in  the  hands  of  the  manufacturers,  railroad  corpora- 
tions, telegraph  corporations,  bankers,  and  moneyed 
men.  And  yet  the  infernal  black  scamps  of  a  set  of 
robbers  and  thieves  are  crying  Tariff,  Tariff,  and  ly- 
ing to  the  people  that  we  want  a  high  protective  tariff 
for  the  benefit  of  the  working  man,  when  they  are  con- 
tinually lessening  the  wages  of  the  laborer,  and  the 
tariff  about  doubles  the  ])rice  of  the  goods  he  buys.  So 
it   is    plain  that   ilic    tartarean   aristocracy  have  a  ma- 


SLAVERY.  849 

chine  that  reduces  the  price  of  what  the  farmer,  me- 
chanic, and  laboring  man  has  to  sell,  and  increases  the 
price  of  every  article  he  has  to  buy.  And  still  we  see 
many  farmers,  mechanics,  and  laboring  men  who  are 
so  dull,  stupid,  senseless  knaves  and  fools  as  to  vote 
that  robbing,  stealing  ticket. 

The  lamb  thy  riot  doonnrs  to  bleed  today, 
Had  he  thy  reason,  would  he  skip  and  play  ? 
•    Pleased  to  the  last,  he  crops  the  flowery  food. 
And  licks  the  hand  that's  raised  to  shed  his  blood. 

So  the  four  millions  licks  the  hand  of  the  boa  constric- 
tor, bloody-minded,  brazen-faced,  bravado,  briber,  blood- 
sucker, buccaneer,  beast,  brute,  Beelzebub,  and  Belial, 
and  they  are  always  ready  to  do  any  vile  and  villainous 
job  that  the  infernal  tartarean  scamps  may  order  them 
to  do  for  them. 

The  number  of  farmers  in  the  United  States  are 
more,  you  will  notice,  than  the  manufacturers,  and  the 
number  of  all  engaged  in  agriculture  are  double  of 
those  engaged  in  manufactures.  Farm  laborers  are 
decreasing,  and  nearly  half  of  the  persons  engaged  in 
all  trades  and  professions  are  occupied  in  farming,  and 
farm  labors.  But  observe  that  the  farmer  gets  but  lit- 
tle pay;  so  with  the  laborer,  he  has  to  take  the  worst 
jobs  and  gets  the  least  pay,  and  the  professional  man 
gets  enormous  prices  in  some  cases.  Again  we  call 
on  the  workingman  not  to  be  a  dunce,  and  let  a  gang 
of  freebooters  take  your  toil,  your  severe  labor,  and 
leave  you  in  want,  distress  and  need.  The  man  who 
works  at  some  kinds  of  work  receives  from  two  to 
three  times  as  much  as  persons  working  at  some  other 
work ;  that  is  according  to  the  skill  that  is  required  to 
do  the  work.  But  in  some  countries  skilled  laborers 
get  no  more  than  unskilled.  In  China  an  engraver  on 
ivory  in  some  cases  works  for  fifteen  cents  a  day  and 
board,  and  in  many  countries  the  common  laborer  gets 
less  than  fifteen  cents  a  day ;  and  in  this  free  country 
labor  is  fast  being  reduced  by  the  freebooting,  preda- 
cious aristocracy' and  black  Republican  tiiieves,  who 
have  stolen  from   the  people  more  than  the  country  is 


850  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

worth  ;  and  starvation  and  distress  are  the  condition  of 
many  laborers,  and  more  than  a  million  of  tramps  are 
roving  over  this  free  and  beautiful  country,  while  the 
black  Republican  thieves  stole  their  living  and  the 
funds  of  the  people.  By  close  examination  of  the  his- 
tory and  description  of  the  war,  national  debt,  standing 
army,  banking  system,  tariff-stealing,  telegraph  compa- 
nies, railroad  companies  and  monopolies,  you  cannot 
fail  to  perceive  the  most  stupendous  swindling  and ' 
lying  and  robbing  of  the  people  that  the  world  has  ev- 
er witnessed.  It  is  unparalleled.  The  barbarians  in 
ancient  times  were  great  liars  and  robbers  and  thieves, 
but  they  could  not  compare  with  the  infernal,  black, 
tartarean  Republicans.  Think  of  a  profit  of  $9/^  per 
cent,  on  the  capital  of  the  manufacturers  in  1850,  and 
the  people  be  perfectly  unconcerned  !  Taking  and 
reading  the  bill  will  satisfy  any  man  of  sound  mind 
that  it  will  take  but  a  little  longer  of  such  tartarean 
work  until  we  are  irretrievably  lost.  Is  that  stealing, 
to  take  59^  per  cent,  on  one's  capital.?     Yes. 

Labor  is  the  most  important  of  anything  in  the 
world,  and  it  should  command  the  first  attention,  and 
have  the  first  share  of  all  products  ;  and  we  advise  the 
workingman  to  demand  his  rights.  He  has  never 
had  them  yet,  as  old  as  the  world  is.  He  has  always 
been  a  serf  and  slave  to  a  falsi  crimen  and  infamous 
aristocracy.  And  it  is  in  a  great  measure  his  own 
fault.  If  he  will  study  his  interests,  and  have  the  spir- 
it he  should  possess,  he  will  soon  be  elevated  to  the 
pinnacle  of  society,  and  will  not  cringe  and  stoop  to  a 
villainous  and  infernal  aristocracy ;  and  the  four  mil- 
lion degraded  and  meretricious  serfs  and  slaves  will 
not  be  able  to  rob,  steal,  and  plunder  them  as  they 
always  have  done.  All  the  workingmen  have  to  do  is 
to  unite;  and  what  folly  and  tartarean  indifference  to 
their  own  welfare,  to  waste  their  efforts  in  individual 
acts.  That  is  useless;  such  as  endangering  their  lib- 
erty and  lives  by  these  dynamite  atrocities.  Fie!  for 
shame  !  to  do  such  acts  ;  it  is  only  playing  into  the 
hands  of  the  tartarean  bloodhounds,  and  strengthens 


SLAVERY.  851 

the  hold  the  Asmodeans  have  on  the  liberty  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  makes  the  condition  of  the  workingman  much 
worse.  Unaccountable  wickedness  !  And  man  should 
know  better  than  to  be  guilty  of  such  dangerous  and 
wicked  acts.  You  have  the  sword  in  your  own  hand  ; 
that  is,  the  mental  sword,  and  that  is  the  ballot ;  and  if 
you  use  it  intellectually,  the  stygian  demons,  who  have 
so  long  stolen  your  hearts'  blood,  will  be  consigned  to 
oblivion.  The  road  is  easy,  and  the  burden  is  light. 
But  it  requires  sense  and  reason  to  do  the  work  prop- 
erly ;  and  barbarians  only  make  the  matter  worse.  Do 
not  use  any  violent  means  ;  that  only  gives  the  diabol- 
icals  more  power ;  that  gives  them  an  excuse  for  a  large 
army,  and  a  great  police  force  ;  that  is  what  the  carniver- 
ous  brutes  want  to  do,  so  that  they  can  enslave  the  peo- 
ple ;  so,  we  say,  keep  the  standing  army  down  to  the 
lowest  point,  as  you  have  to  pay  the  bilk  But  the 
fools,  four  millions  of  serfs  and  slaves,  will  do  as  their 
masters  want  them  to,  and  go  for  a  large  standing  army 
and  an  expensive  and  corrupt  government.  But  we 
say  again,  do  not  mind  the  four  million  serfs  and 
slaves,  nor  the  infernal,  black  Republican,  codfish  aris- 
tocracy, nor  the  tariff  liars  and  thieves.  We  must  and 
can  do  without  those  villains.  We  must  have  honest 
government.  Who  so  base  as  to  say  no  ?  We  again 
say  to  the  workingman,  you  must  take  the  government 
in  your  own  hands;  and  you  must  unite;  you  must 
organize  in  every  county  and  town  in  the  United 
States,  and  attend  to  the  meetings  and  conventions, 
and  see  that  men  of  truth,  and  veracity,  and  integrity 
are  appointed  as  delegates,  and  that  men  of  the  best 
character  are  nominated  as  candidates;  and  see  that 
the  black  Democrats  are  not  put  in  nomination,  and 
that  men  who  are  in  great  desire  for  office  are  not  put 
in  nomination.  A  man  who  is  very  anxious  to  be  in 
office  is  a  tyrant  and  despot ;  and  be  sure  that  he  does 
not  be  presented  to  the  people  for  any  office,  not  even 
roadmaster.  He  is  not  to  be  trusted.  We  say,  again, 
that  these  ardent  office-seekers  must  be  boycotted  and 
ostracized,  and  none  but  good  men  elected  to  office. 


852  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

But  be  careful  that  you  do  not  be  a  black  Democrat, 
and  never  vote  for  a  black  Republican  ;  he  will  do  all 
he  can  to  enslave  you,  and  rob  you,  and  steal  your  all ; 
his  occupation  is  to  rob,  steal  and  plunder,  and  he  has 
the  art  to  perfection  ;  and  if  you  desire  to  be  a  free 
man,  do  not  vote  for  him;  do  not  believe  him  a  word 
about  politics  ;  hate,  and  detest,  and  abominate  him, 
and  boycott  him  ;  have  no  business  with  him  ;  a  man 
who  will  lie,  and  rob,  and  steal  in  politics,  we  tell  you, 
will  do  the  same  in  business ;  and  he  who  assists  a 
thief  to  steal  is  no  better  than  he,  and  the  law  will 
hold  him  equally  guilty.  The  four  million,  infernal 
serfs,  and  slaves,  and  the  liars  and  thieves  who  put  up 
jobs  to  steal  the  people's  property,  hate  them — the 
people  ;  we  have  said  and  say  again,  that  a  man  who 
robs  and  steals  from  you  has  no  respect  for  you ;  and 
he  is  of  the  opinion  of  the  infernal  and  tartarean  black 
thief,  who  said  that  the  Democrats  had  no  rights 
that  the  Republicans  were  bound  to  respect.  This  is 
the  sentiment  of  those  who  rob  the  public  ;  they  try 
to  ease  their  consciences  with  some  trivial  and  non- 
sensical excuse,  and  they  will  tell  you  that  all  is  fair  in 
politics.  When  we  told  a  fool,  black  Republican,  that 
the  Republicans  were  in  favor  of  bribery  and  corrup- 
tion, he  said  they  had  the  money.  Such  are  the 
crocodiles,  cormorants,  cockatrices,  criminals,  caitiffs, 
calumniators,  circumventers,  cannibals,  and  cobra  de- 
capellas. 

ROADS  IN  ENGLAND,  IN    1 685. 

On  the  roads  of  Derbyshire,  travelers  were  in  con- 
stant fear  for  their  necks,  and  were  frequently  com- 
pelled to  alight  and  lead  their  horses.  Between  Con- 
way and  Beaumaris  the  traveler  was  forced  to  walk  a 
great  part  of  the  way,  and  a  lady  was  carried  in  a  lit- 
ter. Coaches  were,  in  general,  taken  to  pieces  at  Con- 
way, and  borne  on  the  shoulders  of  stout  men  to  the 
Straits  of  Menai.  In  some  parts  of  Kent  and  Sussex, 
none  but  the  strongest  horses  could  get  through  the 
bog.  The  markets  were  often  inaccessible  during  sev- 
eral months.     It  is  said  that   the  fruits  of  the  earth 


SLAVERY.  853 

were  sometimes  plenty,  while  only  a  few  miles  away 
there  was  a  scarcity;  and  the  people  found  fault  if 
they  were  taxed  to  repair  the  roads.  Unjust  and  ab- 
surd taxation,  to  which  men  are  accustomed,  is  often 
borne  far  more  willingly  than  the  most  reasonable  im- 
post that  is  new  (it  is  true).  See,  the  tariff  in  1850 
yielded  59/^  per  cent,  to  the  manufacturers  on  their 
capital,  and  the  northern  doughfaces  did  not  dissent 
at  all ;  and  the  thieves  revelled  in  champagne  and  tur- 
key, and  midnight  orgies,  and  saturnalian  feasts;  and 
supped  on  the  earnings  of  the  fools,  and  the  ignora- 
muses labored  from  morning  twilight  until  evening 
darkness,  and  never  uttered  a  complaint.  On  the  best 
highways  heavy  articles  were  in  the  time  of  Charles 
the  Second  generally  conveyed  from  place  to  place  by 
stage  wagons.  The  expense  of  conveying  goods  in 
this  way  was  enormous.  The  cost  of  conveyance 
amounted  to  a  prohibitory  tax  on  many  useful  articles. 
Coal  was  never  seen,  only  near  where  it  was  mined. 
In  many  places  goods  were  carried  by  long  trains  of 
pack  horses.  These  were  strong  and  patient  beasts, 
the  breed  of  which  is  now  extinct.  People  in  the  time 
of  Charles  the  Second  extolled  what  they  called  the 
flying  coaches,  and  the  ordinary  distance  was  fifty 
miles  a  day.  The  King  traveled  by  relays,  and  went 
about  fifty-five  miles  a  day.  The  coach  was  drawn  by 
six  horses,  which  were  changed  twice,  and  reached  the 
distance  at  night.  Such  a  mode  of  traveling  was  con- 
sidered a  rare  luxury,  confined  to  princes  and  minis- 
ters. A  traveler  ran  the  risk  of  being  robbed  ;  high- 
waymen were  found  on  every  main  road.  Epping 
Forest  was  a  noted  place  for  robbers,  and  on  Gads  Hill 
many  a  man  has  delivered  over  his  purse.  A  pardon 
was  offered  if  a  robber  would  give  up  his  diamonds,  of 
immense  value. 

A  lying,  stealing,  black  Republican  villain  must  tell 
lies.  If  he  does  not,  he  soon  is  left  out  in  the  cold ; 
and  he  depends  on  lies  and  stolen  money,  which  he 
plundered  from  the  people.  He  corrupts  the  people 
with  their  own  money  which  he  stole  from  them,  and 


854  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

with  their  own  money  the  infernal  cockatrice  buys  the 
votes  of  the  people.  Not  more  than  a  few  days  ago, 
a  silly  and  ignorant  turkey  buzzard  said  what  some 
tartarean  knave  told  him  to  say,  and  many  sayings 
they  are  stuffing  the  blockheads  with,  such  as:  There 
is  no  difference  in  the  two  parties  in  this  country. 
None  but  an  egregious  simpleton  would  believe  such 
tartarean  lies,  and  none  but  a  diabolical  knave  would 
say  such  unreasonable  stuff.  There  is  no  country  in 
the  whole  world  that  has  two  parties  with  the  same 
principles.  They  could  not  exist  any  time.  They 
soon  would  disa8:ree,  and  divide,  and  make  two  or 
more  parties.  Two  parties  with  the  same  principles  ? 
Preposterous  !  Strictly  speaking  that  would  be  only 
one  party,  and  if  they  started  in  two  parts,  they  would 
soon  unite.  The  infernals  cannot  tell  their  lackeys 
any  roorbach  but  what  the  silly  gulls  will  greedily  gulp 
it  down.  Inferior  barbarians,  serfs,  and  slaves,  that 
have  no  minds  of  their  own,  and  who  believe  all  their 
masters  tell  them,  are  the  greatest  fools  in  the  world, 
and  gulp  it  down.  It  is  principle  that  divides  the  peo- 
ple, and  forms  parties,  and  there  are  two  parties  in  ev- 
ery country  where  they  are  allowed  to  be.  Even  in 
the  tartarean  and  benighted  Russia,  and  where  the 
people  dare  not  speak,  they  do  lots  of  thinking.  The 
tartarean  fool  does  not  know  that  two  principles  have 
always  divided  the  people :  liberty  and  slavery,  and 
these  are  dividing  the  people  in  every  country  in  the 
world.  The  liars,  and  cheats,  and  robbers,  and  pirates 
are  striving  to  enslave  the  people,  and  the  choice  spir- 
its of  a  country  are  working  for  the  freedom  and  wel- 
fare of  their  fellow  man.  (O  fool,  you  do  not  know 
beans.)  These  are  the  only  political  questions  that 
divide  the  people.  The  infernal  reptiles  and  villains 
are  robbing  the  world  continually,  and  mankind  is 
striving  to  be  free;  but  the  diabolical  knaves  and  rob- 
bers have  an  object  in  view.  They  are  monarchists 
in  disguise.  They  have  not  one-tenth  of  the  honor 
the  old  Federals  had.  They  owned  up  to  the  political 
vice    and  corruption.      The  black   scamps   deny   the 


LAND    PIRATES.  855 

truth.  They  want  men  to  believe  that  there  is  no 
difference  in  the  parties,  so  they  can  buy  them  with 
their  stolen,  filthy  lucre. 


CHAPTER  LXI. 

LAND  PIRATES. 

What  a  man  puts  in  a  useful  form  by  his  labor  of 
his  hands,  or  his  mental  power,  is  his ;  it  belongs  to 
himself,  and  no  one  has  a  right  to  deprive  him  of  it  by 
strategy,  knavery,  fraud,  or  force,  and  it  is  strictly  just 
that  he  should  enjoy  the  use  and  benefit  of  it.  And 
the  only  true  and  just  title  to  anything  is  that  it  is  pro- 
duced by  the  possessor,  or  that  it  was  honestly  acquir- 
ed from  him,  and  that  cuts  off  all  the  possessions  of 
the  land  grabbers;  they  have  no  right  to  the  land; 
thev  cannot  sfive  a  sing^le  reason  to  show  a  rio^ht.  Na- 
ture  is  impartial,  but  man  has  shown  partiality  in  many 
of  his  transactions  in  the  first  settlement  of  this  coun- 
try. The  simpleton  monarch  of  Great  Britian  gave 
away  vast  tracts  of  land  to  his  pets,  gave  lands  that  he 
never  saw,  and  had  no  right  to  s^ive  more  than  the 
King  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  and  he  gave  with  a  free 
hand,  and  the  possessors  have  no  other  title  than  that, 
the  King's  title,  and  that  is  no  title  at  all.  And  so  with 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States;  they  gave  away  for 
nothing  about  three  hundred  million  acres  of  land  to 
the  railroad,  and  it  was  done  to  build  up  an  aristocracy 
that  would  have  the  power  to  impoverish  and  enslave 
the  people.  The  government  should  take  the  rail- 
roads and  pay  the  money  for  them,  or  they  should 
guarantee  the  stockholders  five  per  cent,  and  have  all 
the  overplus.  This  is  the  only  way  to  give  the  people 
their  rights  ;  and  so  with  the  manufactories  and  banks. 
The  government  should  have  nothing  to  do  with  the 
banks,  but  should  furnish  a  currency  for  the  people  by 
issuing  greenbacks  to  pay  off  the  expenses  of  the  gov- 
ernment, until  an  ample  sum  for  circulation  was  issued. 


856  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

And  the  government  should  build  a  line  of  telegraphs 
all  over  the  United  States,  and  establish  a  postal  tele- 
graph :  and  the  manufactories,  the  government  should 
guarantee  them  five  percent.,  and  have  the  remainder 
themselves,  and  that  would  put  a  stop  to  robbing  and 
stealing,  and  the  people  would  have  to  pay  no  taxes,  as 
the  government  would  get  much  more  than  to  pay  ex- 
penses, and  they  conld  make  many  useful  improve- 
ments that  would  pay  well. 

The  land  belongs  to  the  people,  and  no  one  has  any 
right  to  take  it  from  them,  and  the  government  should 
pass  a  law  immediately  that  no  land  should  be  sold, 
but  should  be  rented,  and  it  would  bring  in  more  cash 
money  than  it  does  now,  and  the  avails  would  yearly 
be  increasing,  and  it  would  cost  to  collect  no  more 
than  now.  But  the  improvements  should  belong  to 
the  man  who  made  and  constructed  ;  that  is,  all  that 
he  erected  on  the  land  should  be  his,  and  if  another 
rented  the  land,  he  should  pay  for  the  improvements, 
and  that  would  stop  another  steal,  and  atrocious  in- 
justice. We  say  to  the  workingman.  Attend  to  your 
interests ;  if  you  do  not,  you  will  certainly  be  a  slave, 
for  the  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  are  tak- 
ing nearly  all  your  earnings.  And  what  can  a  man 
do  when  he  cannot  get  food  and  clothing  }  He  will 
have  to  starve.  Now,  the  aristocrats  could  starve  nine- 
teen twentieths  of  the  population  of  this  country,  if 
they  were  determined  to,  and  they  would  do  so  if  it 
was  for  their  interest,  if  the  people  did  not  rise  up  and 
stop  the  inhumanity  by  force.  But  they  will  not  do 
that,  as  it  is  their  interest  to  let  the  people  have  nour- 
ishment sufficient  to  keep  them  in  a  condition  to  labor, 
and  they  will  take  all  but  a  pittance  to  continue  the 
labor.  They  will  not  kill  the  goose  that  lays  the  gold- 
en egg,  but  every  time  they  will  take  the  egg.  So 
with  the  property  in  land.  The  farmer  works  the  land; 
he  labors  like  a  slave,  and  makes  all  he  can  off  the 
land,  but  in  the  end,  the  land  pirate  takes  the  golden 
egg.  Now,  we  have  given  a  solution  of  the  difficulty. 
Do  not  sell   anv  more  land,  but   rent  it,  and  what  is 


LAND    PIRATES.  857 

owned  by  men,  tax  it  as  before  ;  then  every  man  can 
get  a  piece  of  land  to  work,  and  land  will  not  be  en- 
hanced in  price  so  much  as  it  would  be  if  the  govern- 
ment sold  land  to  the  land  saurians.  Now,  we  say  the 
Democrats  have  the  President  and  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, and  the  Beelzebubs  have  the  Senate.  No 
obnoxious  law,  that  is,  no  law  that  enables  the  infer- 
nals  to  rob,  steal,  and  plunder  from  the  people,  can  be 
altered,  as  a  black  Republican  thief  votes  every  time 
to  rob  the  people ;  that  is  his  nature,  his  motto.  But 
the  Democrats  must  have  more  moral  courage,  and  go 
to  the  people  with  reforms,  such  as  we  have  recom- 
mended, and  we  will  soon  have  the  people  come  to 
their  senses  and  consider. 

Slavery  in  ancient  times  was  different  from  that  we 
have  now.  In  old  times  the  slave  had  to  labor  for  his 
master,  that  was  bodily  slavery ;  then  the  slave  was 
compelled  to  move  and  do  as  his  master  said,  but  now 
he  has  personal  liberty,  he  can  go  and  he  can  return 
when  he  pleases,  the  law  does  not  restrain  him. 
There  is  no  apparant  inequality,  but  the  injustice  is 
of  a  greater  atrocity.  The  infamous  aristocracy  ex- 
tracts from  the  laborer  unsight,  unseen,  three-fourths 
to  nine-tenths  of  his  earnings,  and  he  has  no  thought 
or  belief  or  conception  of  it;  but  the  infernal  only  has 
to  say  sesame,  and  the  money  goes  into  his  pocket,  and 
the  workingman  has  not  the  least  idea  of  what  is  tak- 
ing place  ;  only  one  thing  he  is  conscious  of,  that  he  is 
as  poor  as  a  church  mouse,  and  his  near  drone  is  get- 
ting rich,  but  he  does  not  know  how.  Some  Democrats 
are  aware  of  the  workings  of  this  infernal  machine. 
They  see  that  we  are  becoming  serfs  and  slaves,  that 
we  are  becoming-  hewers  of  wood  and  drawers  of  wa- 
ter.  We  have  seen  and  talked  with  many  black  Re- 
publican, infernal,  codfish  aristocracy,  and  if  we  as- 
sume that  they  spoke  the  sentiments  of  their  hearts, 
we  have  to  state  positively  that  they  knew  nothing  of 
the  new  system  of  British  slavery.  But  can  it  be  pos- 
sible that  men  have  lived  to  forty,  fifty  and  sixty  years, 
and  always  voted  the  infernal  ticket,  and  worked  hard 


858  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

to  enslave  themselves  and  their  opponents,  and  done 
all  in  their  power  to  transfer  the  money  from  the  poor 
vvorkingman's  pocket  into  the  strong  box  of  the  de- 
graded and  Plutonic  aristocracy?  And  we  have  to 
say  that  the  black  Republicans  are  the  greatest  fools 
ever  have  been  in  this  telluric  sphere.  Read  the  bill, 
and  judge  for  yourselves.  And  the  essence  of  this 
slavery  is  to  take  all  from  the  workingman  but  barely 
enough  to  keep  him,  like  an  ox  fed  on  corn,  that  he 
may  work  for  a  pack  of  heartless  and  soulless  maraud- 
ers; and  of  all  kinds  of  slavery  this  is  the  most  cruel, 
unfeeling,  inhuman  and  hopeless,  and  debasing  of  all 
atrocities  and  iniquities  and  nefariousness  in  the  world 
combined.  Such  is  the  iniquity  and  stygian  practice 
of  a  dirty  set  of  earthworms,  edacious  brutes,  effemi- 
nate drones,  efflated  reptiles,  egotistic  ophidians,  ele- 
mosinaries,  elvish,  elusory  embezzlers,  envious  imps, 
epizoons,  eradicators,  evil-minded  extripators. 

Why  do  men  who  have  millions  still  lust  for  more 
filthy  lucre  ?  No  doubt,  it  is  because  they  have  the  or- 
gan of  acquisitiveness  being  largely  developed  and  in- 
creased by  continued  exercise,  unremitting  exertion, 
and  assiduous  labor,  to  heap  up  more  gold.  Any  sac- 
rifice for  more  gold,  running  a  race  for  a  little  more 
yellow  dirt,  when  he  has  already  more  than  he  can  en- 
joy. Crushing  his  fellow  in  the  slough  of  despond, 
trampling  his  neighbor  in  the  gutter,  and  pushing  him 
into  poverty  and  want;  and  by  fraud,  and  lying,  and 
strategy,  cheat  and  rob  him  of  his  daily  bread,  and  de- 
prive him  of  nourishment,  and  comfort,  and  make 
little  children  cry  for  something  to  satisfy  the  cravings 
of  hunger;  and  at  the  same  time  more  than  a  million 
of  tramps,  many  of  whom  were  once  in  good  circum- 
stances, roaming  over  the  country.  And  every  $800 
to  $1,000  of  the  millionaire's  gains  is  the  average  prop- 
erty of  each  individual.  By  that  we  can  see  that  Van- 
derbiit  had  the  property  of  more  than  200,000  of  his 
fellowmen.  No  doubt,  the  stealing  of  such  a  vast 
amount  of  the  property  of  the  people  must  have  made 
fifty  to  a  hundred  thousand  tramps  and  paupers.    Any 


LAND    PIRATES.  859 

man  knows  that  the  millionaire  does  not  make  that 
money,  that  he  has  accumulated  it  by  labor  or  pro- 
ducing anything  ;  but  he  by  shrewdness  and  lying,  gets 
the  property  of  A,  B,  C,  D,  and  they  are  left  in  want 
and  destitution.  Let  us  ventilate  the  question.  One 
hundred  families  live  on  a  township  of  land,  and  each 
family  is  worth  five  thousand  dollars.  A  band  often  yan- 
kee  sharpers  come  into  their  neighborhood  and  engage 
in  the  business  of  cheating,  and  lying,  and  robbing,  and 
trading,  and  swindlinor.  In  different  and  in  numerous 
ways,  they  being  sharp  gull-catchers,  they  get  the  prop- 
erty away  from  ninety  of  the  hundred ;  that  would  be 
$5,000x90  equals  $450,000,  and  these  90  would  many  of 
them  become  tramps  and  paupers.  And  can  any  man 
be  so  blind  to  party  and  so  foolish,  as  to  see  that  the 
ten  made  no  property,  but  only  transferred  the  prop- 
erty to  their  own  pockets  ?  And  so  it  is  with  the  gov- 
ernment, a  few  infernal  scamps  get  laws  passed  so  they 
can  make  59/^,  47,  46,  36  percent,  on  their  capital,  in 
1850,  i860,  1870  and  1880,  and  get  nearly  all  the 
property  of  the  country.  But  in  government  it  is 
much  worse;  the  tartareans  with  the  help  of  the  four 
million  serfs  and  slaves,  get  their  atrocious  and  obnox- 
ious laws  passed,  that  enables  them  to  make  the  peo- 
ple, we  say  make  the  people,  pay  over  to  them  the  lion's 
share  of  their  earnings,  and  the  dunces  of  society  do 
not  know  how  it  is  done.  You  tell  one  of  the  four 
million  serfs,  liars,  slaves,  and  thieves  that  the  black 
imps  had  stolen  more  than  the  country  was  worth  in 
the  twenty-four  years  they  were  in  office,  the  egregious 
fool  will  think  that  you  mean  that  he  took  that  amount 
out  of  the  treasury,  which  is  impossible;  and  he  there- 
fore will  think  to  himself  that  you  are  a  great  fool. 
He  does  not  have  any  idea  of  stealing  from  the  peo- 
ple by  class  legislation.  A  black  scamp  told  us  that  the 
democratscould  not  produce  a  set  of  officers  that  could 
administer  the  Qrovernment  well.  He  does  not  see  but 
one  side  of  the  question,  and  the  ignoramus  is  bound 
not  to  look  at  the  other  side  ;  so  he  can  not  see  the 
diabolical   and   stygian   work   the   infernal  aristocrats 


86o  THE  workingman's  guide. 

have  made  of  administering  the  government.  Read 
the  history  of  ancient  times,  and  the  stealings  in  the 
bill,  and  see  what  they  have  done.  Bat  if  the  four  mil- 
lion find  out  to  their  satisfaction  that  the  infernal  black 
Republican,  and  stygian,  codfish  aristocracy  have 
stolen  the  property  of  the  people,  as  we  prove  in  the 
bill,  do  you  think  they  will  alter  their  course  ?  We 
say  no,  they  will  not.  But  how  can  that  be  ?  says  the 
good  man.  We  can  tell  you.  When  a  man  is  in  error, 
if  he  finds  that  he  is  in  the  wrong  way,  he  has  to  have 
moral  principle  to  turn  from  that  way,  and  take  the 
path  to  justice,  and  truth,  and  reason  ;  and  do  you  think 
that  a  black  infernal  has  honor  and  integrity  to  a  suf- 
ficient degree,  to  turn  from  evil  when  he  knows  that 
he  is  wrong .^  No,  sir,  there  is  not  mora!  strength  in 
his  composition  to  turn  from  the  evil  of  his  ways. 
The  degraded  serf  and  slave  would  even  be  so  bold  in 
iniquity  as  to  tell  you  that  they  were  smart,  and  done 
perfectly  right.  So  we  must  not  look  for  any  relief 
from  those  degraded,  and  debased,  infernal  scamps. 
We  may  expect  some  assistance  from  the  Republicans, 
who  have  outgrown  that  wicked  and  hurtful  party 
spirit,  and  prejudice ;  and  see  that  we  should  endeavor 
to  make  an  honest  government ;  and  they  do  not  be- 
lieve that  all  is  fair  in  politics,  and  that  there  is  no 
honest  man  in  the  whole  country. 

Carlyle  said  that  poverty  is  the — what  the  English- 
man mostly  dreaded  ;  and  he  is  right.  Poverty  is  the 
yawning  gulf,  the  wide,  gaping  chasm,  that  like  the 
maelstrom  of  an  unfathomable  depth,  takes  in  the 
deceived  and  robbed  by  an  infernal  aristocracy,  robbed 
to  poverty,  wretchedness  and  distress  ;  and  the  anguish 
none  but  the  abject  and  poverty-stricken  ever  had  any 
conception  of.  Poverty  is  degradation,  the  highest 
and  the  most  acute  pain  mortals  can  bear.  It  con- 
tracts the  soul  to  a  mere  atom,  debases  the  moral  feel- 
ings, kills  the  sweetest  sensibilities  of  the  human  mind, 
and  poisons  the  mental  faculties.  Workingman,  we 
appeal  to  you  to  endeavor,  with  all  your  strength,  to 
liberate  yourself,  and  wife,  and  children  from  the  grasp 


LAND    PIRATES.  86 1 

of  the  hydra  that  an  infernal,  inflated,  and  unfeeling 
aristocracy  has  inflicted  on  you.  It  is  far  better  that 
we  should  die  free  men  than  be  slaves  to  an  unfeeling,- 
soulless,  unprincipled,  wicked,  and  felonious  aristoc- 
racy. There  is  nothing  in  the  catalogue  of  crimes 
but  the  aristocracy  will  do  and  has  frequently  commit- 
ted. Workingman,  do  not  let  the  aristocracy  govern 
you.  Let  the  important  motto.  Labor  Must  Govern, 
be  first  and  last  in  your  matin  and  evening  prayers. 
It  has  been  said  that  all  a  man  has  he  will  give  for 
his  life;  but  that  is  not  so  with  the  true  man.  He 
will  not  give  his  liberty  for  his  Mfe.  And  now  the 
people  of  this  country  are  about  to  lose  what  is  more 
precious  than  their  lives — that  is,  liberty.  And  they 
are  losing  it  by  being  robbed  of  their  property.  But 
what  care  the  four  millions  for  liberty.'^  And  can 
they  see  that  the  loss  of  property  affects  their  liberty  .f* 
No ;  thousands  cannot  see  how  poverty  and  slavery 
are  twins,  and  generally  go  hand  in  hand  always  when 
the  wealth  is  in  the  hands  of  tyrants.  The  pauper  is 
a  slave  to  him  who  feeds  him  ;  and  nothing  so  tames 
a  wild  brute  as  feeding  him.  Food  to  the  hungry  and 
rest  to  the  weary  and  heavy-laden  are  the  sweetest 
things  on  earth.  Milton,  in  speaking  of  gold  being 
dug  out  of  the  earth,  said  that  it  had  better  not  have 
been  taken  out.  We  say  to  the  workingman,  be  a 
man.  It  is  far  better  to  be  poor,  than  sacrifice  your 
honor  for  the  gain  of  filthy  lucre.  An  honest  man  is 
far  elevated  above  all,  and  nothing  in  this  world  can 
compare  with  the  good,  honest,  and  truthful  man. 
The  dunce  may  want  to  see  plainer  that  poverty  and 
slavery  are  going  together,  and  in  the  nature  of  things 
they  must  do  so.  Take  Europe,  for  example.  The 
land  is  in  the  possession  of  a  few  men,  and  the  people 
have  to  pay  high  rents.  The  rents  in  England  are  as 
follows:  average  rent  in  England  and  Wales,  $15.00, 
in  Scotland,  $5.00,  in  Ireland,  $3.25:  average  of  all, 
about  $9.00:  and  300.000  men  own  nearly  all  the  land 
in  the  country,  and  the  population  is  over  36,000,000: 
that  is,  one    man  in  one  hundred  and  twenty  owns 


862  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

land,  not  counting  those  who  hold  less  than  an  acre. 
And  in  England  and  Wales  you  will  notice  that  the 
rent  is  fifteen  dollars  an  acre.  Any  man  who  rents 
land  and  pays  fifteen  dollars  a  year  for  rent,  cannot 
pay  anything  like  a  fair  price  for  labor.  What  they 
get  for  grain  is,  you  can  see  by  looking  at  the  papers, 
a  little  over  two  cents  a  pound,  and  you  can  form 
nearly  a  correct  idea  what  a  laboring  man  gets  a  day 
for  work  ;  a  small  sum  ;  and  those  working  in  the 
factories  get  more  than  the  farm  laborers.  In  1880  the 
exports  were  over  $1,431,000,000,  and  their  imports 
were  over  $2,000,090,000.  The  British  revenue  from 
customs  is  about  $100,000,000,  and  that  of  the  United 
States  is  about  $200,000,000.  The  lying  black  Re- 
publican scamps  say  the  Democrats  are  in  favor  of 
free  trade,  and  thev  say  the  British  have  free  trade. 
So  any  man  can  see  that  they  lie,  which  is  a  habitual 
practice  with  them  in  politics.  And  any  man  who 
lies  in  politics  will  lie  in  business,  if  he  can  make  any- 
thing by  it.  Every  mar)  can  judge  for  himself  how  the 
money  is  going  in  the  possession  of  a  few.  They,  the 
aristocracy,  own  nearly  all  the  property,  and  in  rents 
and  taxes  they  take  nearly  all  the  earnings  of  the  peo- 
ple. We  have  taken  England  as  an  example,  as  we 
have  not  space  to  give  all  the  others,  but  give  one  that 
gives  the  highest  wages  to  labor.  On  the  continent 
the  agriculturists  work  for  thirty  to  fifty  dollars  a  year. 
Now,  when  the  property  is  in  the  possession  of  a  few 
men,  they  can  compel  men  to  take  wdiat  they  have  a 
mind  to  give  them  for  their  labor.  Now,  for  the  last 
twenty-four  years,  the  property  has  nearly  all  gone  into 
the  hands  of  a  few,  and  the  factitious,  falsifier,  fanatic, 
fanfaronade,  fat-witted,  felon,  flagitious,  fleshy-minded 
flat  can  pay  his  own  price  for  labor. 

The  ignoramus  says  we  have  no  right  to  say  an}^- 
thing  against  black  Republicanism.  This  is  an  erro- 
neous saying.  A  band  of  thieves  come  to  your  house 
when  you  are  from  home,  and  break  into  your  house, 
and  arc  taking  all  your  furniture,  and  we  are  passing 
the  house  at  the  time,  and  see  and  know  what  they  are 


LAND    PIRATES.  863 

doing,  and  according  to  the  ignoramus's  idea  we  must 
not  say  anything  about  the  theft,  but  go  and  attend  to 
our  own  business.  Now  we  take  issue  with  the  igno- 
ramus, and  we  dissent  to  such  wicked  sentiment.  We 
think  that  all  are  bound  to  disclose  all  manner  of 
lying,  thieving,  cheating,  robbing,  that  we  are  con- 
scious of;  and  it  matters  not  if  the  persons  from  whom 
the  thieves  are  taking  the  goods  is  owx  greatest  enemy, 
it  is  our  imperative  duty  to  acquaint  the  man  that  the 
thieves  are  stealing  his  goods.  So  if  we  see  that  the 
infernal  liars  and  thieves  of  the  four  millions  are  tak- 
ing the  country  to  ruin  and  destruction,  we  are  posi- 
tive that  it  is  our  moral  duty  to  disclose  it  to  the  peo- 
ple, and  expose  the  iniquity  of  the  atrocious  and  fla- 
gitious thieves,  and  serfs,  and  slaves,  who  steal  the 
property  of  the  country,  and  give  it  away  to  an  infer- 
nal, black  Republican  aristocracy.  So  if  we  see  one 
man  cheating  another,  it  is  our  duty  to  let  him  know 
it,  and  in  so  doing  stop  the  cheat  from  taking  the 
property  of  another  wrongfully.  So  we  think  that  the 
ignoramus  was  entirely  wrong;  and  the  silly  black 
Republican  serf  and  slave  says  that  the  black  imps, 
politically  (mind,  we  speak  about  politicians),  are  as 
honest  as  the  Democrats,  when  the  fact  is,  and  every 
man  who  votes  should  know  it,  that  the  black  Repub- 
lican fundamental  principle  is  the  Hamiltonian  theory, 
that  government  is  impracticable  without  bribery  and 
corruption.  And  after  reading  this  book  no  man  of 
sense  and  honor  and  sound  mind  will  say  that  there 
is  any  honesty  in  aristocracy  and  their  followers,  the 
black  Republican  liars  and  thieves  are  no  better  than 
they,  the  aristocracy.  Read  the  bill  and  make  up  your 
mind.  But  the  four  million  serfs  and  liars  and  thieves 
will  say  that  there  is  no  honest  man,  and  the  Demo- 
crats are  not  fit  to  govern.  And  history  proves  to  ev- 
ery honest  man  that  aristocracy  has  made  the  most 
wicked  and  infamous  and  infernal  work  of  ofovern- 
ment  that  could  be  made  by  any  infernals.  The  gov- 
ernment should  own  all  the  land,  and  rent  it  to  the 
man  who  wants  to  work  it.      We  will  suppose  that  the 


864  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

government  quits  selling  land  on  the  ist  of  May,  and 
rents  it  to  any  person  who  will  use  it  for  pasture,  or 
tills    it  for  any    purpose  whatever ;  then  every    man 
could  have  a  piece  of  land  to  work,  and  the  govern- 
ment would  receive  more  revenue  from  the  land  than 
she  does  now.     The  government  sells  the  land  at  $200 
for  a  quarter  section.     It  can  borrow  money  at  three 
per  cent. ;  the  interest  on  $200  would  be  $6,  so  $6  a 
year  to  the  government  would  be  as  good  as  to  sell 
the  land  immediately.     But,  says  the  land  pirate,  the 
government  wants  the  money  all  down.     That  is  not 
so ;  if  she  does,  she  can  borrow  it  at  three  per  cent. 
But  suppose  that  she  charges  eight  dollars  a  year  on 
an  average.     But,  says  the  tool  of  the  land  pirate,  then 
the  government  will  have  to  have  an  army  of  office- 
holders— not  true,  as  most  everything  political  is  that 
that  the  land  grabber  says  to  the  people.     Every  man 
who  owns  land  has  to  be  assessed  by  an  officer,  and 
the  same  officer  could  rent  the  land,  and  he  could  just 
as  well  do  that  as  he  does  now  assess  the  land,  and 
the  government  would  oret  the  benefit  on  the  advance 
in  the  price  of  land  if  she  wanted  to  do  so,  and  then 
all  men  would  be  fairly  dealt  with,  and  no  one  would 
have  reason  to  complain  or  find  fault.     But,  says  the 
tool  of  the  land   pirate,  taxes  on   the  rent  of  land   are 
among  the  most  unjust  that  can  be  imagined.     He  is 
the  machine  of  the  land  grabbers,  and  the  tool.     The 
thing  wrote  a  book.     Then  there  are  men  of  souls  who 
have  written  books,  who  say  the  whole  of  the  future 
increase  as  belonging  to  the  people  ;  but  that  would  be 
impossible,  as  that  increase  would  be   so   uneven  in 
some  places,  nothing  in  others,  small  in  others,  mediuni 
in  others,  great  in  others,  that  it  would  make  it  a  mat- 
ter of  doubt  and  uncertainty  to  determine.     This  ques- 
tion is  not  new  ;  many  writers  on  political  economy 
have  proposed  the  same  system    of  taxation.     That 
these  principles  were  not  carried  into  practice   long 
ago  is,  that  the  writers  were  afraid  of  the  great  landed 
interests,  or  that  they  were  silenced  by  the  application 
of  a  dose  of  oil  or  soap.     Macauley  says  that  if  the 


LAND    PIRATES.  865 

attraction  of  gravitation  was  in  conflict  with  the  inter- 
est of  any  moneyed  institutions,  they  would  have  ar- 
guments against  it. 

Indirect  taxes  are  raised  in  a  great  measure  from 
those  who  have  no  idea  at  all  that  they  are  taxed. 
Say  the  manufacturers  make  45  per  cent,  on  an  average 
on  their  capital,  and  how  long  can  such  a  predicament 
continue.?  Until  the  people  are  the  abject  slaves  of  an 
infernal  set  of  thieves.  And  now  I  can  point  to  you 
many  purse-proud  fools,  who  have  no  conception  of 
the  amount  of  taxes  they  pay  unconsciously,  and  they 
are  the  miserable  tools  of  a  lying  and  degraded,  rob- 
bing aristocracy,  and  they  are  giving  their  living  and 
their  country  away.  But,  says  the  tool  of  the  thieves,^ 
no  one  can  believe  that  they  are  determined  to  ruin 
all  concerned.  The  class  is  increasing  who  have  no 
care  nor  interest  in  government,  and  why  are  they  in- 
creasing. The  reason  has  been  given.  It  is  because 
their  property  has  been  taken  away  from  them,  and 
now  they  have  no  hope  nor  interest  in  anything;  their 
living  is  gone  ;  once  they  could  keep  their  families  in 
comfort  and  had  plenty  to  clothe  themselves,  and  good 
food  to  eat;  now  they  are  poor,  have  only  one  dress  to 
their  wardrobe,  no  change,  and  food  fit  for  the  swine. 
And  is  it  strange  that  the  head  of  the  family  has  lost  all 
spirit,  and  has  no  care  nor  hope  ?  No,  it  is  not.  And 
still  the  infernal,  tartarean,  Erebus  hounds  are  pressing 
harder  than  ever  to  bring  .the  working  man  below  the 
beasts  of  the  field,  and  fowls  of  the  air,  and  reptiles  of 
the  swamps  and  marshes.  Such  has  been  the  work  of 
an  infernal,  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy,  and 
there  is  the  aristocrat  who  says  the  black  scamps  have 
the  money.  Shame  for  a  man  to  be  so  ignorant  as  to 
be  satisfied,  and  boast  of  a  few  of  his  party  having  the 
money  of  the  country,  and  it  not  causing  a  thought 
how  they  got  it,  and  what  effect  such  an  uneven  dis- 
tribution of  wealth  will  have  on  the  comfort,  happiness, 
and  honor,  and  morality  of  the  country.  And  the 
same  simpleton  says,  thac  a  certain  wealthy  Democrat 
should  be  a  black  Republican  ;  and  he  says  the  work- 


866  THE  workingman's  guide. 

ing  man  gets  too  much  wages,  he  only  spends  it  foohsh- 
ly ;  and  in  the  next  breath  he  says  that  if  you  lower  the 
tariff  you  lower  the  wages  of  the  working  man.  We 
say  to  the  laborer,  unite  every  man  of  you,  and  rid  the 
country  of  such  degenerate,  debauched  set  of  Gorgons, 
gangrene  gavials,  and  gastronomers,  goshalks,  goril- 
las, gougers,  and  grasping  and  grinding  gripers  and 
grisons. 

The  dangerous  classes  politically  are  the  very  rich 
and  the  very  poor,  and  the  poor  were  made  so  by  the 
very  rich.  In  20  years,  says  a  New  York  paper,  20 
men  made  750  millions  of  dollars,  and  that  750  mil- 
lions took  the  property  of  nearly  a  million  of  men  from 
them,  and  no  doubt  made  100,000  tramps  and  pau- 
pers, and  it  was  done  by  the  tariff,  watering  railroad 
stock.  A  rich  man  will  buy  stock  in  a  railroad  and  in- 
duce the  other  stockholders  to  double  the  stock,  by  is- 
suing new  fictitious  stock,  as  much,  or  more,  than  the 
original ;  and  then  draw  dividends,  and  freights  and 
fares  on  the  fictitious  stock,  and  the  people  have  to  pay 
the  bill ;  so  the  rich  are  made  richer.  And  every  man 
must  know  that  when  a  man  gets  money  from  society 
without  labor,  it  must  come  out  of  the  pockets  of 
others.  Every  man  knows  that  labor  makes  all  of  the 
money,  and  all  know  also,  that  the  liars  and  thieves 
steal  it  mostly  from  them.  The  ingenuity  of  the  thieves 
has  been  exercised  in  devising  schemes  of  taxation, 
which  drain  the  wages  and  the  earnings  of  capital,  as 
the  vampire  bat  is  said  to  suck  the  life-blood  of  its  vic- 
tim. And  the  consumer  has  to  pay  the  bill,  and  he 
does  not  know  that  he  is  paying  a  tax  at  all.  Now  our 
proposition  is  to  have  no  tax.  The  rent  on  land,  the 
overplus  of  all  over  five  per  cent,  on  the  tariff,  and  all 
over  five  per  cent,  on  a  fair  estimate  of  the  worth  of 
the  railroads,  and  five  per  cent,  on  a  fair  estimate  of 
the  cost  of  the  telegraph  lines,  and  the  government 
furnish  the  currency  for  the  country,  and  not  furnish 
the  banks  with  currency,  l)ut  let  them  do  banking  with 
their  own  funds,  which  the  government  issued,  and 
used  in  the  payment  of  their  debts  and  expenses  to  the 


LAND    PIRATES.  867 

amount  of  what  is  proper  for  to  be  used  by  the  people, 
and  the  government  will  receive  from  those  sources 
more  money  than  they  want  for  the  expenses  of  gov- 
ernment, and  will  have  hundreds  of  millions  left  to 
make  improvements,  and  buy  up  the  telegraph  com- 
panies and  railroad  corporations,  and  by  appointing 
superintendents  on  these  lines,  and  having  strict  laws, 
there  will  be  much  less  trouble  than  there  is  now,  and 
there  will  be  a  stop  to  all  robbing  and  stealing  of  the 
diabolical  black  Republican  codfish  aristocracy,  and 
wealth  will  soon  be  fairly  distributed,  and  labor  have 
its  reward. 

Morality  is  the  highest  characteristic  of  man.  No 
principle,  no  talent,  can  represent  it;  without  it  the 
man  is  worse  than  the  brute,  and  the  reason  is  that  he 
has  intellectual  faculties,  superior  to  the  brute,  to 
concoct  flagitious  and  Erebus-deserving  conspiracies 
to  rob,  steal,  and  cheat  and  swindle  his  fellow  man; 
and  in  no  place  is  there  so  extroardinary  an  oppor- 
tunity to  rob  the  people  as  in  politics.  Examine  for 
yourself.  All  we  care  for  is  that  the  people  will  use 
sense  and  reason  in  politics  and  business,  and  if  they 
do  not  do  so  in  politics  they  miss  the  great  point,  that 
is  the  most  important  study  of  all.  If  a  band  of  wolves 
should  be  taking  your  sheep  continually,  you  would 
studv  night  and  day  how  to  kill  the  predaceans.  But 
a  band  of  infernal  reptiles  and  diabolical  imps  are  tak- 
ing a  thousand  times  more  than  lions,  tigers,  bears, 
hydras,  wolves,  coyotes,  and  all  the  destructive  brutes 
ever  took,  and  the  four  million  liars,  cheats,  swindlers, 
thieves,  robbers  and  land  pirates  think  it  is  smart. 
They  are  the  bane  of  society,  the  Bohon  Upas  of  the 
world,  and  the  people  are  indifferent,  and  pay  no  at- 
tention to  the  matter.  When  the  tartarean,  black 
Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  steal  your  property,  it 
is  worse  than  if  the  wild  beasts  of  the  forests  and  ra- 
pacious birds  of  the  air  took  it.  If  the  beasts  took  it, 
you  could  better  guard  against  the  beast  than  you  can 
the  aristocratic  brute,  and  you  could  better  prevent  the 
beast  from  taking  it   than   you   can   the   infernal  two- 


868  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

legged  brute.  And  he  has  four  million  black  liars 
and  thieves  to  assist  him,  and  he  will  use  the  property 
that  he  stole  from  you  to  enslave  you,  and  pass  laws 
to  enable  him  to  steal  more.  So  we  say  to  the  work- 
ingman,  Be  wise  betimes,  and  do  not  delay  to  attend 
to  your  interests  honestly,  and  do  not  procrastinate  to 
do  your  duty  at  all  times  in  your  power,  and  watch 
the  gorgon  demon  that  is  continually  watching  like  a 
wolf  for  his  prey,  to  take  the  avails  of  your  labor.  He 
lives  by  the  sweat  of  your  brow,  not  his.  He  is  a  thief. 
He  will  not  work.  His  business  is  to  steal  your 
wages.  His  occupation  is  lying,  stealing,  cheating  and 
robbing  the  property  of  the  people.  See  that  he  does 
not  live  on  your  labor.  Do  not  believe  a  word  he 
says.  He  will  betray  and  deceive,  gull  and  cheat  you. 
We  say,  Beware. 


CHAPTER  LVIH. 

MORALITY. 

To  whom  can  riches  give  repute  or  trust. 
Content  or  pleasure,  but  the  good  and  just? 
Who  wickedly  is  wise  or  madly  brave. 
Is  but  the  more  a  fool,  the  more  a  knave. 
Is  yellow  dirt  the  passion  of  thy  life } 
Look  on  but  Gripus,  or  on  Gripus'  wife. 
If  all,  united,  thy  ambition  call, 
From  ancient  story  learn  to  scorn  them  all. 
Mark,  by  wretched  steps  their  glory  grows, 
From  dirt  and  seaweed  as  proud  Venice  rose, 
In  each  how  guilt  and  greatness  equal  ran,. 
And  all  that  raised  the  hero  sunk  the  man. 
O  wealth,  ill-fated,  which  no  act  of  fame 
E'er  taught  to  shine,  or  sanctify  from  shame, 
Know  this  truth  (enough  for  man  to  know) 
Virtue  alone  is  happiness  below. 
Good  from  each  place  and  object  required, 
Forever  exercised  yet  never  tired; 
And  where  no  wants,  no  wishes  can  remain, 
•Since  but  to  wish  more  virtue  is  to  gain. 


MORALITY.  869 

None  but  a  moral  people  can  establish  and  main- 
tain a  democratic  government.  The  diabolical  aris- 
tocracy cannot  start  a  democratic  government.  They 
have  not  the  honor  and  virtue  to  offer  justice,  and 
equality,  and  honest  government  to  the  people.  All 
they  want  is  a  corrupt  government,  so  they  can  rob 
and  swindle  the  people ;  and  the  aristocracy  never 
had  the  honor  and  virtue  to  do  justice  to  the  people. 
All  they  did  was  to  war,  destroy,  run  the  people  in 
debt,  and  rob  them  of  their  property ;  and  if  you  read 
ancient  or  modern  history,  the  fact  will  be  as  plain  as 
day;  and  never  in  the  world  has  a  people  been  robbed 
of  such  an  immense  sum  of  money,  as  those  black  Re- 
publicans have  stolen  in  twenty-four  years  from  the 
people  of  the  United  States.  It  is  criminal,  and  all 
those  engaged  in  the  felony  should  be  punished  ac- 
cording to  the  magnitude  of  the  felonious  acts  that  the 
infernal  and  demoniacal  culprits  have  committed 
against  the  people. 

The  lying  aristocracy  will  tell  you  that  Democracy 
has  been  tried  and  utterly  failed.  Not  long  since,  we 
told  a  smartey  that  Democracy  was  a  failure  in  the  es- 
timation of  a  degraded  and  lying  aristocracy  only. 
Democracy  is  a  political  organization,  in  accordance 
with  the  principles  of  (i)  Honesty  in  politics;  (2) 
Equal  and  exact  justice  to  all ;  (3)  No  partiality  in  gov- 
ernment; (4)  Fair  distribution  of  products;  (5)  Profits 
nearly  all  equal;  (6)  All  equal  in  the  laws;  (7)  No 
aristocracy;  (8)  No  lying;  no  stealing;  (9)  Labor 
must  govern ;  (10)  Light  or  no  taxes;  (11)  No  land 
sold  by  the  government;  (12)  All  over  5  per  cent,  on 
the  tariff  goes  to  the  government;  (13)  Land  rented 
by  government ;  (14)  Banking,  railroading,  telegraph- 
ing, the  same  as  tariff,  all  over  5  per  cent,  to  go  to  the 
government.  Workingmen  of  the  world,  attend  to 
your  rights;  hear  us  as  we  appeal  to  the  laboring  men 
to  strike  for  freedom.  Men  of  reason,  assist  us ;  we 
fight  for  liberty  against  hydras  made  strong  by  the  suc- 
cess of  outrage  and  infamy.  There  stands  before  us 
a  beast  of  aggregated  and  incorporated  wealth,  every 


870  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

dollar  of  which  is  built  on  blood,  injustice  and  outrage 
an  angry  fiend,  that  gloats  as  he  grinds  out  the  life  of 
his  fellow  men,  and  lives  on  their  toil,  and  grimaces 
and  dances  as  they  writhe  upon  his  instruments  of  tor- 
ture. Ye  workingmen  of  America,  who  love  your  lib- 
erty and  your  native  land,  ye  who  created  the  wealth  of 
the  country  and  the  national  good,  look  at  your  brothers 
today.  Gould,  the  giant  fiend,  Gould,  the  money  mon- 
arch, dances,  as  he  claims,  over  the  graves  of  our  order, 
over  the  ruin  of  our  homes  and  the  blight  of  our  lives. 
Before  him  the  world  has  smiled  in  beauty,  but  in  his 
wake  is  the  graveyard  of  hopes,  the  cyclone's  path  of 
destruction,  of  death.  Our  strong  arms  have  grown 
weary  in  building  him  a  tower  of  strength,  and  yet  he 
bids  us  build  on  or  die.  Our  young  lives  have  grown 
gray  too  soon  beneath  the  strain  of  unrequited,  con- 
stant toil,  our  loved  ones  at  home  are  hollow-cheeked 
and  pale  with  long  and  weary  waiting  for  better  days 
to  come.  Nay,  more  than  this,  graveyards  are  hiding 
his  victims  from  our  longing  eyes.  Brother  workmen,, 
this  monster  fiend  has  compelled  us  to  toil  in  the  cold 
for  five  and  fifty  cents  a  day.  Others  have  been  com- 
pelled to  yield  their  time  to  him  for  seventeen  and  thir- 
ty-six weary  hours,  for  the  pittance  due  for  nine  hours' 
pay.  Others,  who  have  dared  to  assert  their  manhood 
and  rebel  against  their  tyranny,  are  black-listed  and  boy- 
cotted all  over  the  land.  He  has  made  a  solemn  com- 
pact with  the  highest  authority  of  our  order,  and  then 
basely  refused  to  fulfill  his  pledge.  He  lives  and  en- 
joys all  the  benefits  of  a  Republican  form  of  govern- 
ment, and  yet  advocates  and  perpetuates  the  most  de- 
basing form  of  white  slavery.  He  robs  the  rich,  high 
and  low,  and  poor  with  a  ruthless  hand,  and  then  ap- 
peals to  corrupt  and  purchased  courts,  to  help  him  to 
take  our  little  homes  away.  He  breaks  our  limbs,  and 
maims  our  bodies,  and  then  demands  that  we  shall  re- 
lease him  from  every  claim  for  damages,  or  be  black- 
listed forever.  He  goes  to  our  grocers,  and  persuades 
them  not  to  give  us  credit,  because  we  refuse  to  be 
gr(jund  in  his  human  mill.     He  turns  upon  us  a  horde 


MORALITY.  871 

of  lawless  things,  who  shoot  among  our  wives  and  chil- 
dren with  deadly  intent,  and  then  he  howls  for  govern- 
ment help  when  he  gets  his  pay  in  coin  alike.  Fellow 
workmen,  Gould  must  be  overthrown.  His  giant  power 
must  be  broken,  or  you  and  I  must  be  slaves  for 
ever.  The  Knights  of  Labor  alone  have  dared  to  be 
the  David  to  this  Goliah.  The  battle  is  not  for  today, 
the  battle  is  not  for  tomorrow,  but  for  the  trooping 
generations,  in  the  coming  generations  of  the  world, 
for  our  children  and  our  children's  children.  It  is  the 
great  question  of  the  age.  Shall  we,  in  the  coming 
ages,  be  a  nation  of  free  men  or  a  nation  of  slaves.'* 
The  question  must  be  decided  now.  The  chains  are 
already  forged  that  are  to  bind  us.  Shall  we  wait  un- 
til they  are  riveted  upon  our  limbs.''  May  God  forbid! 
Workingmen  of  the  world,  marshal  yourselves  upon 
the  battle  field.  Workmen  of  every  trade  and  clime, 
on  to  the  fray.  Gould  and  the  monopolists  must  be 
put  down,  or  our  children  must  be  slaves.  Think  of 
the  little  olive  plants  around  your  hearthstones  that 
will  be  blighted  by  the  curse.  Think  of  the  little  home 
he  is  plotting  to  rob  you  of.  Think  of  the  wife  from 
whose  eyes  he  has  wrung  floods  of  tears,  and  from 
whose  heart  he  has  tortured  drops  of  blood.  Who  can 
look  calmly  on  his  perfidy,  his  outrage,  his  crime  ? 
For  he'  has  sought  to  incite  felony  among  our  rank 
and  file.  He  has  bought  the  perfidy  of  vile  men  to 
entrap  the  unwary,  that  he  might  stain  our  fair  name, 
and  gloat  over  our  misfortunes.  Once  for  all,  fellovA  - 
workmen,  arouse,  let  every  hand  that  toils  be  lifted  to 
heaven,  and  swear  by  Him  that  liveth  forever,  that 
these  outrages  must  cease.  Let  every  heart  and  brow 
be  turned  toward  our  common  foe,  and  let  no  man 
grow  weary  until,  like  Goliah,  our  giant  is  dead  at  our 
feet.  The  above  is  an  appeal  made  by  the  Knights  of 
Labor  to  their  order  at  St.  Louis,  April  6,  1886,  pp.  10  i, 
93  and  17. 

Lately  we  had  a  talk  with  two  black  Republicans, 
and  it  was  not  hopeful — the  same  old  assertions,  that 
the  people  are  dishonest,  and  no  honest  man  can  be 


872  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

found.  If  the  majority  of  the  country  are  like  they 
are,  then  we  are  lost  in  serfdom  and  slavery.  They 
are  bound  to  march  with  the  four  millions  right  or 
wrong,  and  are  joined  to  the  liars,  thieves,  and  robbers, 
and  will  support  them  if  they  take  the  country  to  per- 
dition. The  spirit  of  party  has  perfect  control  of 
them,  and  no  reform  in  government  will  receive  any 
aid  from  them.  They  are  enlisted  in  the  ranks  of  the 
destructives  for  life,  regardless  of  the  course  they  take. 
They  are  determined  to  give  all  the  property  of  the 
countrv  to  their  masters,  and  do  not  care  for  their  own 
political  interests.  They  know  nothing  about  what  is 
the  important  part  of  their  welfare.  (Equal  justice  to 
all.)  They  do  not  know  that  they  are  robbing  their 
fellow  citizens  and  themselves,  and  giving  it  away. 
They  know  not,  and  shut  their  ears  to  the  fact,  that 
they  are  enslaving  themselves,  their  wives,  children, 
and  posterity,  and  that  they  are  forging  shackles  for 
generations  unborn.  They  have  no  thought  of  the 
future  ;  party  only  governs  them.  They  have  but  lit- 
tie  respect  for  morals.  They  say  we  are  going  back 
to  barbarism  ;  that  proves  that  they  are  barbarians, 
and  do  not  care  for  the  interests  of  the  people.  We 
told  them  that  Gould  had  paid  his  hands  fifty-five 
cents  a  day  for  labor,  and  they  said  they  did  not  be- 
lieve it.  We  told  them  that  the  Knights  of  Labor  said 
so  in  their  appeal  to  the  people.  We  told  them  that 
Gould  had  endeavored  to  persuade  the  grocers  not  to 
credit  the  poor  laboring  men  (abomination  of  abomin- 
ations !)  and  that  the  railroad  officers  had  black-listed 
the  workingmen,  so  they  could  get  no  work  (iniquity 
unparalleled !)  Heinousness  unequaled,  they  follow 
the  infernal  black  Republican  hydras,  hagseeds,  half- 
blooded  hang-dogs,  harpies,  haters,  heartless,  heathen- 
ish, hebetates,  heinous,  highway  men,  high-handed 
humbugs,  hoggish,  hunkers  and  hypocrites.  Such  is 
tlie  diabolical  and  demoniacal  black  Republican.  The 
black  Republicans  are  man-worshipers;  they  have  not 
yet  emerged  from  barbarism  ;  they  and  we  must  ad- 
mit that  power  worship  is  still   in   the  land,  and  those 


MORALITY.  8y7^ 

who  say  that  there  is  no  honest  men  in  the  couniry 
are  worshipers  of  power,  and  do  not  hesitate  when 
an  opportunity  occurs  to  put  themselves  on  the  side  of 
power;  and  the  black  Republican  only  repeats  what 
his  master  has  put  into  his  mouth.  When  he  says 
that  there  is  no  honest  man,  he  acknowledges  his  in- 
fernal iniquity  and  serfdom  ;  and  you  will  find  that 
those  who  say  that  there  is  no  honest  man  in  the  com- 
munity is  a  political  slave  and  serves  a  master.  You 
will  find  that  he  is  at  all  times  willing  to  obey  the  com- 
mands of  a  tyrant,  despot,  and  thief,  who  manages  all 
for  his  own  benefit ;  and  it  can  be  noticed  in  history, 
as  the  disposition  of  the  people  lessens  to  obey  the  be- 
hests of  a  master,  there  is  more  liberty  for  the  people. 
It  matters  not  what  kind  of  government  they  have  — 
as  the  people  are,  so  is  the  government.  And  we 
may  mention  that  where  there  is  a  very  large  number 
of  hero  worshipers,  like  the  two  we  came  in  contact 
with  a  few  days  ago,  there  is  but  little  hope  for  reform. 
They  are  perfectly  willing  that  the  property  of  the 
country  should  go  into  the  hands  of  a  few  than  to  have 
a  fair  distribution.  These  are  the  instruments  of  a 
villainous  and  tyrannical  aristocracy;  and  as  they  have 
no  sense  of  justice,  they  have  no  thought  of  what  is 
right  or  wrong — such  an  idea  never  entered  into  their 
heads.  And  if  you  tell  them  that  it  is  not  right  that 
the  manufacturers  should  have  59/^  per  cent,  on  their 
capital,  they  do  not  look  for  equity  in  the  matter,  but, 
as  their  nature  is  utterly  depraved,  and  not  a  ray  of 
light  in  it,  they  can  only  see  the  villainous  side  of  the 
case,  and  they  will  answer  you,  that  you  would  do  the 
same  thing  if  you  had  an  opportunity.  This  proves 
their  utter  depravity,  by  judging  you  by  themselves, 
and  insulting  you  as  much  as  saying  to  you,  You  are 
a  swindler  and  a  thief.  Every  man  can  see,  who  has 
a  grain  of  moral  sense,  that  we  can  never  expect  any 
good  government  from  the  four  millions  liars,  thieves, 
robbers,  and  swindlers.  It  is  from  the  two  millions  of 
Republicans  that  we  may  expect  aid  to  establish  liberty 
in  the  land,  by  exterminating  the  vile,  villainous,  de- 


8/4  THE  workingman's  guide. 

graded, slave-making, black  Republican  aristocracy;  and 
we  can  say  positively  that  if  the  two  millions  of  the 
Republicans  were  as  the  four  millions,  serfdom  and 
slavery  would  be  our  doom. 

It  appears  strange  that  the  ignoramus  has  no  con- 
ception of  his  rights.  He  is  a  barbarian,  who  is  per- 
fectly willing  to  serve  a  master,  and  he  is  naturally  in- 
clined to  seek  a  master,  and  he  most  always  choses 
the  most  tyrannical  and  infernal  despot  they  can  find. 
So  with  the  black  Republicans  ;  they  extol  the  most 
degraded  of  their  party,  they  elect  the  most  villainous 
of  their  men  to  power.  The  best  men  of  the  party 
stand  no  chance  of  getting  a  good  office  ;  the  four 
millions  have  the  majority  of  their  party,  and  they 
rule.  The  best  part  of  the  party  are  ignored  and 
pushed  in  the  rear,  and  the  slippery  J — s  and  the  in- 
fernal J — s  are  ushered  to  the  front ;  and  any  Repub- 
lican knows  that  is  the  truth  ;  the  honest  Republican 
stands  no  more  chance  than  a  good  man  would  in  a 
gang  of  thieves.  If  he  preaches  that  there  is  no  hon- 
est man  in  the  country,  and  that  all  will  lie  and  steal 
and  rob,  then  he  can  get  a  fat  office.  The  two  mil- 
lion Republicans  stand  no  chance  to  get  office ;  the 
four  million  liars,  robbers  and  infernal  reptiles  and  de- 
graded black  Republicans  take  the  offices — that  is  the 
ring  in  the  party,  they  manage  the  whole  of  the  party, 
and  the  two  millions  do  not  get  a  scent  of  an  office. 
We  cannot  see  how  they  have  kept  the  two  millions 
of  men  in  the  ranks  of  the  four  millions  of  infernal 
brutes.  The  two  millions  of  Republicans  were  kept 
by  the  four  millions  lying  scamps  to  elect  them  to  of- 
fice. They  had  to  stand  back  when  office  was  to  be 
dispensed.  The  four  millions  took  all  the  loaves  and 
fisiies,  and  made  the  two  millions  promises  in  the  fu- 
ture. The  ring,  the  four  million  demons  and  reptiles, 
take  all,  and  the  two  million  Republicans  can  stand  in 
the  cold,  and  play  second  fiddle  for  the  four  million 
Asmodeans  without  pay,  but  a  profusion  of  promises 
to  be  fulfilled  at  some  future  time.  Any  man  that  will 
take  a  little  time  and  read  our  book  carefully,  if  he  has 


MORALITY.  875 

an  ounce  of  brains  will  be  satisfied  that  we  are  ruled 
and  robbed  by  the  greatest  liars  and  thieves  and 
scamps  that  the  world  has  ever  produced,  and  we  prove 
that  they  stole  more  money  in  twenty-four  years  than 
any  thieves  ever  stole  from  a  country  in  the  same  time. 
And  all  this  time  the  two  millions  had  no  pap  to  nour- 
ish them.  The  four  million  are  idiots,  idle-pated,  igno- 
ble, ignominious,  ignorant  ignoramuses,  idle-headed, 
ill-bred,  illegitimate,  illiberal,  illiterate,  imbecile,  im- 
perious, impoisoners  and  impostors.  The  black  Re- 
publicans are  agitating  national  education.  It  is  plain 
to  discerning  men  who  have  sense,  that  all  they  are 
trying  to  do  is  to  get  more  power.  They  wish  to 
have  the  people  do  in  all  cases  as  they  desire  them  to 
do.  Aristocracy  wishes  to  rule  the  people  with  a  rod 
of  iron.  If  the  aristocratic  education  is  complied  with, 
then  it  will  be  like  Chinese  education,  what  they  pre- 
scribe. There  the  government  publishes  what  books 
are  to  be  used,  and  what  books  are  not  to  be  read,  and 
they  are  friendly  to  despotism  that  are  to  be  read. 
The  black  Republican  thieves  have  stolen  nearly  all 
of  the  property.  They  think  they  have  the  people  in 
the  hollow  of  their  hand,  and  to  make  them  doubly 
certain  of  perfect  submission  they  want  national  edu- 
cation ;  and  with  such  books  as  teach  despotism,  and 
the  aid  of  the  infernal  four  million  liars  and  thieves, 
and  by  a  lavish  use  of  the  money  they  have  stolen  from 
the  people,  they  can  manipulate  the  people  as  they  de- 
sire— that  is,  have  them  work  for  them  and  live  like 
the  Chinaman  on  three  cents  a  day  and  fifteen  cents 
extra  for  their  families,  as  the  Chinamen  do,  then  the 
demons  will  be  satisfied.  Eighteen  cents  a  day  is  what 
they  will  bring  wages  down  to,  and  the  workingman's 
board,  that  will  be  fifty-six  dollars  and  sixteen  cents  a 
year,  and  that  is  what  black  Republican,  infernal,  codfish 
aristocracy  are  trying  to  bring  us  to.  See  what  Gould 
has  done  !  He  has  hired  men  on  the  railroads  for  fif- 
ty-five cents  a  day,  and  when  they  protested,  and  quit, 
and  asked  more  wages,  he  went  to  the  groceries  and 
requested  them  not  to  credit   the  poor  laborers.     He 


876  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

knew  that  their  families  would  starve  if  they  got  no 
credit,  and  he  had  them  black-listed  so  they  could  get 
no  work  elsewhere.  And  do  you  think  that  the  infer- 
nal black  Beelzebubs  will  say  a  word  against  such  out- 
rageous and  nefarious  and  inhuman  iniquity  ?  No, 
they  will  uphold  him  in  his  demoniac  and  grasping 
acts.  Workingmen,  do  you  see  that  the  chains  are 
forged  and  ready  to  rivet  on  your  limbs,  to  perfect 
your  serfdom  and  slavery?  And  it  is  only  one  in  twelve 
who  rule  the  country,  and  rob,  steal,  and  cheat  the 
eleven  out  of  their  property,  and  grind  them  to  poverty, 
pauperism,  serfdom,  slavery  and  misery. 

In  China  the  national  education,  like  the  government, 
is  carried  on  to  suit  the  infernal,  black  Republicans. 
The  people  have  nothing  to  say  about  government, 
and  the  government  allows  nothing  to  be  taught  but 
what  it  prescribes  ;  and  exerts  its  ipse  dixit  over  all  con- 
duct. Their  rules  for  sitting,  standing,  walking,  talk- 
ing, and  bowing  are  laid  down  with  the  greatest  ex- 
actness. Scholars  are  prohibited  from  playing  chess, 
foot-ball,  flying  kites,  shuttle  cock,  and  playingon  wind 
instruments,  training  beasts,  birds,  fishes  or  insects;  all 
amusements  it  is  said  dissipate  the  mind,  and  debase 
the  heart.  This  is  what  the  diabolical,  black  Repub- 
licans would  produce  in  this  country,  and  the  four  mil- 
lion of  serfs  and  slaves  are  ready  at  any  time  to  obev 
their  commands,  and  do  all  they  can  to  enrich  them ; 
and  the  egregious  ignoramuses  do  not  consider  their 
own  interest  a  factor  in  the  problem  at  all,  but  putim- 
licit  confidence  in  stygian  hydras  to  provide  for  them ; 
or  to  take  as  much  of  their  earnings  as  they  desire  to 
take.  Never  in  the  world  has  there  been  such  perfect 
serfs  and  slaves,  and  fools,  and  knaves,  as  these  four 
million,  infernal,  black  demons.  The  infernal  gorgon 
Davy  Jones  can  not  parallel  them  in  stealing,  robbing, 
and  lying  to  the  people.  We  have  been  of  the  opin- 
ion that  the  parents  were  the  proper,  most  fit,  and  most 
worthy  to  be  entrusted  with  the  management  of  the 
education  of  their  children  ;  and  we  believe  so  still. 
There  can  be  no  doubt,  but  the  parents  are  the  best 


MORALITY.  877 

guardians  of  their  offspring;  and  if  some  very  few  are 
delinquent  in  the  performance  of  that  dut}^  it  is  rare 
that  such  neglect  occurs;  and  it  would  be  folly  in  the 
extrenie,  to  have  the  general  government  take  the 
charge  of  their  care.  It  is  argued  that  parents,  and 
especially  those  whose  children  most  need  instruction, 
'*  in  the  matter  of  education,  says  Mr.  Mill,  do  not 
know  what  good  instruction  is.  The  intervention  of 
government  is  justifiable,  because  the  case  is  one  in 
which  the  interest  and  judgment  of  the  consumer  are 
not  sufficient  security  for  the  goodness  of  the  com- 
modity.' This  is  the  old  threadbare  excuse,  that  has 
always  been  the  plea  of  the  tyrant  and  despot,  to  take 
the  liberties  of  the  people  from  them  ;  and  Mr.  Hod- 
son  says  milk  should  be  inspected.  The  rising  gener- 
ation will  understand  better  what  is  good  education, 
than  their  parents  do  ;  and  the  next  generation  and  next 
better  still.  He  who  thinks  the  process  too  slow  to 
be  uniform  will  have  to  see  to  all  matters,  as  progress 
is  gradual  and  slow.  Civilization  was  not  formed  in  a 
year,  but  takes  centuries  to  produce  it.  Improvements 
in  all  matters  are  almost  imperceptible  ;  but  the  reason 
is  obvious.  The  Asmodeans  want  to  have  control  of 
the  people  and  enslave  them ;  they  have  robbed  the 
people  of  their  property,  and  want  more  power  to  re- 
duce them  to  serfdom.  Every  move  they  make  is  to 
fasten  and  rivet  fetters  on  the  people,  but  the  four  mil- 
lion fools  and  slaves  can  not  see  it,  they  are  barbarians  ; 
and  only  know  to  work  for  a  master.  The  most  we 
dislike  is  that  they  enslave  us  of  our  little  mite,  and 
we  believe  that  if  they  were  robbing  no  one  but  them- 
selves they  would  soon  quit ;  it  is  evil  mindedness,  en- 
vy and  hatred  to  their  opponents,  that  makes  them  rob 
the  people  of  the  whole  country,  and  give  it  to  a  few 
liars  and  thieves.  What  else  can  it  be  (party  spirit) 
that  is  an  ingredient  in  the  matter,  but  that  would  not 
make  them  persist  if  they  vi^ere  not  robbing  the  demo- 
crats and  the  workingman.  They  wish  to  destroy  the 
liberty  of  the  people,  and  they  do  not  care  for  them- 
selves, if  they  can  impoverish  and  enslave  the  Demo- 


878  THE    WORKINGM,\n's    GUIDE. 

crats,  and  the  workingman.  Every  man  of  reason  and 
sense  can  see  that  it  is  true,  the  Democrats  and  work-' 
ingman  is  in  the  way  of  their  robbing  the  people;  and 
if  they  can  fetter  and  enslave  the  Democrats  and  work- 
ingman, then  they  can  rob  and  plunder  them  without 
anv  hindrance ;  but  the  black  Republican  fool  will  not 
open  his  eyes,  and' see  the  infernal  iniquity  that  he  is 
doing,  he  will  not  see  in  the  right  direction.  The 
pride  of  the  codfish  aristocracy  is  in  great  estates  or 
long  purses,  by  the  help  of  which  they  make  the  work- 
ingman a  most  producing  tool,  to  amass  the  greatest 
possible  aggregation  of  filthy  lucre.  Their  interests 
are  in  direct  conflict  of  that  of  the  people,  and  if  they 
instructed  the  children  it  would  be  to  enslave  them  in 
an  insidious  manner  ;  such  as  tyrannical  and  aristo- 
cratic teachers,  and  obnoxious  books,  anything  they 
will  do  to  put  down  the  people.  They  have  the  opin- 
ion that  the  world  was  made  for  them,  and  the  people 
should  be  their  slaves. 

The  interests  of  the  people  cannot  be  entrusted  to 
the  codfish  aristocracy.  Too  many  slaves  and  serfs 
would  go  with  the  Davy  Jones,  and  they  would  rob 
the  people  as  usual ;  and  with  taxation  unequally  dis- 
tributed, and  the  immense  tariff  steal,  and  filling  im- 
portant places  with  such   as  the  infernal  J ,  with 

great  pensions,  and  votes  by  the  army,  and  clerks,  and 
others  of  the  same  stripe,  education  would  be  conduct- 
ed for  the  advantage  of  the  thieves.  There  is  no  use 
in  looking  for  apples  on  oak  trees,  and  it  is  absurd  to 
expect  honor  among  thieves  ;  and  it  would  be  the 
height  of  folly  to  expect  that  those  who  lately  stole  the 
whole  country  would  do  anything  for  the  people.  We 
tell  you,  again,  that  they  are  seeking  for  more  power, 
and  they  will  tell  more  lies  to  obtain  it  than  ten  men 
can  count  in  a  year.  We  say,  keep  the  power  in  your 
own  hands ;  let  education  remain  as  it  is  with  the 
States.  Any  j^erson  can  see  that  the  States  will  be  a 
balance  in  a  political  contest,  as  they  will  be  about 
equally  divided  in  the  operation.  But  if  the  general 
government  has  the  control  of  education,  it   will  be  a 


MORALITY.  879 

one-sided  thing;  and  in  a  political  conflict,  its  whole 
power  will  be  wielded  to  put  down  the  people ;  and  it 
is  intended  to  keep  alive  the  old  conflict  for  a  concen- 
trated and  corrupt  aristocracy;  and  we  tell  you  to  be- 
ware of  the  old  Federalism  ;  it  is  now  stronger  than 
ever,  rearing  itsgorgon  head  above  the  people,  its  one 
thousand  heads  and  ten  thousand  horns.  We  say  to 
the  workingman,  knock  off  those  horns  and  cut  ofl" 
those  heads,  and  sear  them  with  red-hot  irons,  so  they 
cannot  grow  out  again.  Then  you  can  easily  bring 
the  infernal  tartarean  brute  into  subjection,  and  then- 
you  will  have  peace,  and  plenty,  and  equal  and  exact 
justice  to  all  men.  Workingmen,  do  your  duty.  If 
you  do  not,  all  of  you,  and  your  wives  and  children, 
and  your  posterity,  will  be  slaves.  Strike  for  freedom. 
Every  government  that  has  undertaken  to  educate,  did 
educate  for  aristocracy.  The  roots  of  the  tartareans 
are  in  the  past  barbarisms,  and  we  cannot  expect  any 
reform  from  them.  Change  destroys  the  imps.  They 
are  rooted  to  one  idea — rob,  steal  and  plunder,  and  if 
they  are  changed  from  that,  they  die,  they  starve.  Ed- 
ucation is  nothing  more  or  less  than  progress,  and  they 
will  kill  progress,  as  they  know  that  it  will  kill  them  if 
they  let  it  grow.  Workingmen,  kill  the  basilisk,  and 
be  free. 

Education  fits  men  for  higher  planes,  and  then  they 
are  unfitted  for  the  old  state.  So  there  is  enmity  be- 
tween institutions  that  were,  and  education  that  ele- 
vates man  to  a  higher  station.  We  can  see  it  in  the 
aristocracy.  They  have  lived  by  preying  on  the  work- 
ingman always.  They  have  robbed  and  enslaved  him, 
they  have  kept  him  poor,  so  that  they  might  the  more 
rob  him:  They  always  lived  by  robbery  and  theft  and 
plunder,  and  now,  when  there  are  choice  spirits,  who 
propose  that  all  shall  have  an  equal  chance  in  the 
laws,  and  that  there  shall  be  no  partial  legislation,  no 
class  laws,  no  laws  makino:  the  rich  man  richer  and 
the  poor  poorer,  and  men  begin  to  see  that  one  mil- 
lionaire owns  the  property  of  twelve  hundred  men; 
and  the  millionaire  is  of  no  use  in  the  world,  but  is  a 


88o  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

great  detriment.  And  they  begin  to  demand  their 
rights,  and  the  aristocracy  is  at  enmity  with  these 
choice  spirits,  these  honest,  well-meaning  men,  and  the 
infernal  aristocracy  now  are  using  all  their  wits  to  en- 
slave the  people,  and  they  use  additional  means  to 
maintain  their  nefarious  piracy  and  plunder,  such  as 
banking,  tariff,  and  a  high  one,  railroads  with  watered 
stock,  and  telegraph  companies.  These  are  new  ;  the 
old  ones  are  still  used — war,  debt,  and  standing  ar- 
mies, and  the  four  million  thieves,  and  serfs,  and 
slaves,  the  most  degraded  brutes  and  barbarians  of  old, 
who  have  not  yet  had  the  light  of  reason,  common 
sense,  and  morality  and  virtue  reach  their  organizations, 
and  have  no  feeling  for  humanity,  no  souls.  The  last 
four  millions  are  the  phalanx  of  the  infernal  beasts ; 
and,  workingman,  in  order  to  overthrow  this  diabolical 
host,  you  will  only  have  to  unite;  and  that  is  easy  to 
do,  as  your  interests  are  all  the  same.  That  is  reason 
enough  that  you  should  unite  when  you  are  assailed  ; 
for  if  one  of  your  number  is  attacked,  you  must  and 
can  look  at  it  in  no  other  light  than  that  all  are  at- 
tacked. And  we  know  that  all  are  assailed,  and  he  is 
a  fool  and  idiot  that  will  not  defend  his  interests.  So, 
we  say,  unite  against  the  great  infernal  dragon  ;  put 
him  to  extinction.  He  is  an  impudent,  impure,  in- 
cendius,  inclement,  incorrigible,  indictable,  indurate, 
insulting,  infandous,  infatuated,  inglorious,  iniquitous, 
inhuman,  insensate  instigator,  and  internecine  intrig- 
uer, and  invidious  Ithyphalic. 

Three  hundred  years  B.  C,  unlicensed  schools  were 
prohibited  in  Rome.  The  liberty  of  teaching  was  at- 
tacked several  times.  Aristocracy,  the  brutes,  wanted 
to  educate  the  people,  and  make  slaves  of  them.  In 
Europe  we  see  the  same  tendency.  And  where  the 
governments  educated,  they  had  an  eye  continually  to 
their  own  interest.  National  education  is  an  enormous 
hydra  to  enslave  the  people,  and  slave-makers  only 
will  introduce  it  and  advocate  it.  The  despot  says, 
O,  how  magnificent  is  government.  (),  what  respect 
should  be  shown  to  the  public  officers.     So  say  the 


MORALITY.  88 1 

tyrant  and  the  four  million  slaves.  In  England  it  has 
indirectly  been  attempted,  and  it  raised  six  and  one- 
fourth  millions  of  dollars  taxes  on  knowledge.  See 
the  barbarians — the  Brahmin  warring  against  science, 
the  Mohammedan  ignoring  all  books  but  the  Koran  ; 
the  aristocracy  against  moral  progress,  and  teaching 
that  there  is  no  honest  man,  which  proves  that  they 
are  infernal  villains.  And  the  monks  said  we  must 
put  down  printing,  or  it  will  put  us  down ;  and  the 
French  bishop  said  similar  obnoxious  things,  and  all 
their  attaches.  Oxford  was  the  last  place  in  which 
Newton's  philosophy  was  taught.  At  Eton  chemistry 
was  forbidden,  and  universities  have  now  recognized 
science.  College  authorities  long  resisted  the  sciences 
of  physiology,  chemistry,  geology,  as  making  examina- 
tions in  them.  And  only  of  late  have  new  studies 
been  reluctantly  adopted.  It  is  highly  dangerous  to 
give  an  aristocracy  more  advantage,  when  it  is  certain 
that  every  move  the  stygian  reptiles  make  is  to  enslave 
the  workingman.  We  say  again  that  we  challenge 
the  reader  to  show  that  the  infernal,  tartarean  thieves 
have  made  a  single  important  step  to  make  the  labor- 
ing man  better  in  his  condition.  It  is  nothing  they 
do  but  make  fetters  to  enslave  the  people  ;  and  educa- 
tion that  is  good  for  the  people  they  always  oppose. 
Every  person  knows  that  their  only  occupation  is  to 
rob  and  plunder  the  people  and  sup  on  their  earnings  ; 
and  we  say  that  no  honest  and  intelligent  man  will 
assist  them  in  their  iniquity.  It  is  the  four  millions 
of  totally  depraved  and  abandoned  slaves  and  thieves 
that  will  support  them,  it  matters  not  what  they  do. 
And  he  is  destitute  of  reason  and  sense,  who  has  im- 
plicit confidence  in  the  officers  of  government.  Eter- 
nal vigilance  is  the  price  of  liberty,  and  if  the  people 
let  the  venomous  cobra  do  as  he  desires,  they  will  be 
slaves. 


552  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

CHAPTER  LIX. 

NATIONAL  EDUCATION. 

People  expect  that  enlightenment  of  the  race,  from 
ignorance  and  immorality  to  intelligence  and  virtue, 
should  be  wrought  in  a  generation,  and  a  writer  on 
political  economy  is  discouraged  ;  that  in  his  estima- 
tion we  are  receding  in  civilization.  He  has  but  a 
glimmering  light  on  the  great  problem  of  progress. 
He  is  a  weak  brother  in  political  economy.  It  does 
seem  that  he  has  not  read  geology.  If  he  had  read 
that  science,  he  would  have  a  different  estimate  of 
time.  He  truthfully  says,  nations  have  progressed 
and  retroceded  ;  have  been  civilized,  and  gone  back  to 
the  land  of  the  barbarians  ;  and  what  of  that.  Do  you 
know  of  anything  very  important  that  was  perfected 
at  the  first  attempt?  Look  at  the  perfect  steamer. 
Man  had  been  100,000  years  on  the  earth  before  the 
first  one  was  constructed.  One  would  see  if  he  makes 
an  effort,  that  changes  are  slow.  The  depositions  of 
a  delta  is  the  work  of  tens  of  thousands  of  years. 
Continents  are  upheaved  a  foot  or  two  in  a  century. 
The  change  of  a  barren  rock  to  life-supporting  soil 
took  innumerable  ages.  If  any  one  thinks  that  the 
people  progress  from  barbarism,  let  him  read  this  book 
carefully.  He  will  see  that  many  have  progressed, 
and  that  aristocracy  is  yet  an  infernal  horde  of  barba- 
rians in  the  old  rule,  that  keep  us  back  in  morality. 
If  they  should  help,  and  put  their  shoulders  to  the 
wheel  of  progress,  the  millennium  would  soon  be  ours  ; 
but  those  Belials  seek  to  take  us  back  to  ruin,  destruc- 
tion, desolation,  misery,  pauperism,  and  crime,  and  it 
is  not  only  one  crime  of  robbery,  lying,  cheating,  false 
swearing,  and  swindling  us  out  of  our  property,  but 
the  crime  of  not  assisting  the  people  who  are  in  dis- 
tress, and  aiding  us  in  building  up  an  honest  govern- 
ment. We  have  often  said,  Read  the  bill :  that  will 
prove  to  you  the  tartarean  infamy  of  aristocracy;  and 
now  we  say  again  to  the  workingman :   The  harvest  is 


NATIONAL    EDUCATION.  883 

ready  for  the  reaper;  the  grain  all  yellow  is  ready  for 
the  header,  and  we  unite  and  strike  at  the  ballot  box. 
The  infernal  fiend  is  the  cause  of  all  your  sufferings, 
grief,  poverty,  distress,  and  woe.  Now  is  the  time  to 
strike  your  venomous  enemy.  He  is  a  cobra,  a  jack- 
anapes, a  Jacobin,  a  jackdaw,  Janus-faced  jeerer,  a  Jes- 
uit jockey,  juggler,  and  jollhead.  Strike  him.  Strike 
him. 

It  has  required  the  Christian  era  to  abolish  slavery 
in  Europe.  It  took  a  hundred  generations  to  discover 
the  art  of  printing.  Yet  men  are  impatient  that  pop- 
ular government  is  not  perfected  in  fifty  years.  And 
the  infernal  black  Republican  fools  and  knaves  makes 
sport  of  the  Democrats;  that  democracy  is  not  perfect. 
The  fool  thinks,  as  democracy  is  not  perfect,  he  has  a 
right  to  lie,  steal,  rob,  and  practice  all  kinds  of  iniqui- 
ty. Macauley  says  he  who  has  a  right  to  hang  has  a 
right  to  educate.  We  have  no  evidence  that  educa- 
tion, as  generally  understood,  is  a  preventative  of 
crime.  By  statistics,  we  cannot  see  that  there  is  any 
difference  in  crime  between  the  educated  and  unedu- 
cated. In  some  places,  where  the  people  are  unedu- 
cated, there  is  more  crime  than  where  they  are  edu- 
cated ;  and  in  cities  where  there  is  more  education 
there  is  more  crime;  so  that  proves  nothing.  The 
Mojniing  Chronicle^  speaking  of  the  women  working 
in  the  iron  foundries,  says  that  their  ignorance  is  ab- 
solutely awful.  Yet  the  returns  show  a  singular  im- 
munity from  crime.  A  man  who  has  taken  pains  to 
collect  statistics  says  they  prove  nothing.  And  the 
statistics  taken  in  France  show  that  the  more  educated 
classes  were  the  most  criminal.  All  history  proves  that 
precepts  do  not  act  at  all,  and  it  is  by  prefixing  feeling 
that  moral  actions  are  produced.  Did  much  knowledge 
and  intelligence  make  men  good  }  Then  Bacon  would 
have  been  honest,  Tweed  would  have  been  just;  and 
people  who  all  their  lives  have  been  Christians,  yet 
are  dishonest.  It  is  strange  to  think  that  education 
will  cure  crime,  when  we  see  facts  daily  in  the  streets, 
and  counting-houses,  and  clerks,  and  political  officers, 


884  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

and  men  in  business,  who  are  well  educated  and  tar- 
tarean  knaves.  If  armies  of  teachers,  thought  to  be  di- 
vine, could  not  purify  society  in  eighteen  centuries, 
then  society  cannot  boast  of  its  power  to  cure  crime. 
Emotional  education  and  morality  together,  with  show- 
ing the  child  what  is  right  and  wrong,  you  make  it 
feel  that  they  are  so.  If  you  make  virtue  loved,  and 
vice  loathed,  if  you  arouse  a  noble  desire,  and  elevate 
the  human  feelings,  and  teach  the  sublime  truths  of 
morality  and  virtue,  and  keep  the  child  from  wicked 
associations,  and  not  let  the  evil  characters  come  near 
them,  will  an  impression  lasting  be  made  on  the  moral 
character  of  the  child,  and  so  only.  Self-restraint  can 
only  perfect  the  individual,  and  it  can  be  increased 
only  by  sharp  experience,  and  by  the  discipline  of  na- 
ture can  it  be  done.  The  only  cure  for  stealing  is  the 
whipping-post ;  talking  cannot  reach  the  lying  and 
robbing  black  Republican  aristocrat ;  he  is  as  hard  as 
adamant;  nothing  can  touch  his  conscience;  it  is 
made  of  stern  stuff;  and  soul  he  has  none.  Bad  men 
must  be  brouQ^ht  to  limbo.  There  is  no  use  to  talk 
to  them.  Of  what  use  is  it  to  talk  to  a  black  serf.? 
Tell  him  the  Erebus-begotten  thieves  have  given  the 
country  away,  and  more  than  given  it  away,  and  what 
does  he  care  for  that  ?  He  likes  it ;  he  has  enriched 
his  master.  Tell  him  that  the  people  are  suffering  for 
food  and  clothing,  and  he  says  it  cannot  be  helped  ;  it 
is  their  own  fault.  He  has  no  soul,  no  human  sympa- 
thy, no  moral  feelings  ;  he  is  wrapt  in  the  interest  of 
his  deQ:raded  master,  the  codfish  aristocrat.  He  does 
not  know  his  own  interest  in  politics;  he  is  a  tool  to 
be  used  for  intriguers  and  corrupt  and  degraded 
thieves;  he  has  no  thought  of  what  is  right;  he  is  for 
party  and  nothing  else — in  short,  he  is  the  greatest 
fool  on  earth.  In  no  other  light  can  such  a  brute  be 
classed.  See  the  bill.  He  teaches  that  there  is  no 
honest  man,  that  we  are  going  back  to  barbarism.  It 
is  a  pity  that  such  nefarious  fools  ever  were  on  the 
earth  ;  they  are  a  damage  to  their  race,  a  disgrace  to 
their  species.     If  no  such   serfs  and  slaves  and  fools 


NATIONAL    EDUCATION.  885 

and  knaves  were  on  the  earth,  the  unholy  imps  would 
not  be  able  to  steal  our  property.  It  is  by  their  help 
that  they  are  enabled  to  steal  our  daily  toil  and  bread; 
it  is  by  their  help  they  are  enabled  to  steal  our  prop- 
erty. We  say  to  the  workingman,  Do  not  be  one  of 
them,  do  all  you  can  for  honest  government,  be  honest 
and  truthful,  it  is  an  easy  matter  to  be  so.  Every 
trait  of  character  comes  from  the  mind,  and  if  the  will 
is  strong  and  determined,  Asmodeus  cannot  swerve  it. 
Be  resolved  and  determined  to  do  right,  and  you  will 
find  that  you  will  accomplish  it,  and  study  your  hon- 
est interest.  But  you  must  hate  the  black  Republi- 
cans ;  they  are  the  concentration  of  Davy  Jones,  the 
quintessence  of  evil ;  they  are  lack-brains,  lackeys, 
lags,  lame  land  pirates,  lapideous  larcenists,  larvas, 
lavish  and  lawless  lechers,  leaden-headed  libertines  and 
lewd  legitimists. 

We  have  seen  in  ancient  and  modern  times,  and  of 
this  day,  that  if  we  entrust  our  lives,  fortunes,  and  lib- 
erty to  aristocracy,  they  will  prove  unfaithful  in  a 
greater  or  less  degree,  and  nineteen  times  out  of  twen- 
ty they  will  use  the  treasures  to  their  care  for  their 
own  benefit.  It  is  lamentable  that  it  is  so,  but  the 
case  is  as  stated.  Give  aristocracy  your  confidence, 
and  they  are  sure  to  forfeit  it,  and  abuse  you  by  lying 
to  you,  or  paying  no  attention  to  your  complaints ;  and 
experience  teaches  that  aristocracy  rules  for  their  ben- 
efit, and  if  that  is  so,  it  appears  that  we  should  watch 
their  acts,  and  see  that  they  are  for  the  benefit  of  the 
people.  We  have  the  power  in  our  hands  (the  ballot) 
to  mold  the  government  as  we  desire,  and  any  person 
would  say  that  we  should  be  sensible  to  see  that  the 
laws  were  made  for  the  benefit  of  all,  and  that  we 
would  have  morality  and  virtue  sufficient  to  build  an 
honest  government,  and  we  think  sensible  people  will 
agree  with  us.  We  are  all  in  the  same  boat,  and  rea- 
son would  conclude  that  we  would  run  the  boat  for 
the  benefit  of  all,  not  for  a  few ;  but  the  fact  stands 
out  proniinently,  and  faces  us;  that  we  are  running 
the  government  wholly  for  the  benefit  of  a  horde  of 


886  THE  workingman's  guide. 

thieves,  and  any  person  would  say  that  four  millions 
could  not  plot  a  conspiracy  whereby  they  cheat,  and 
steal,  and  rob  the  people — say  twelve  million  voters — 
out  of  nearly  all  of  their  shares  of  the  property,  and 
one  million  take  nearly  all  of  the  money.  So  we  will 
elucidate  that  there  is  in  the  United  States  twelve  mil- 
lions of  voters ;  one  over  six  million  would  be  the  ma- 
jority, but  to  carry  Congress  and  the  President  they 
would  have,  some  would  say,  to  have  more,  but  not 
so.  If  they  lack  a  few  votes  in  Congress,  they  use  the 
money  they  have  stolen  to  buy  more  Congressmen, 
and  carry  out  measures  to  steal  and  rob  the  people  of 
their  hard  earnings.  So  you  see  how  a  few,  say  one 
million,  are  dispensing  offices  to  the  office-holders, 
and  to  their  friends.  A  cabinet  officer  said,  that  there 
were  men  seeking  positions  for  every  station  the  gov- 
ernment had  to  give,  and  the  bankers,  and  the  rail- 
roads, and  the  manufacturers,  and  other  infernal  aris- 
tocrats have  a  capital  equal  to  over  thirty-five  billions. 
By  lying,  and  corruption,  and  fraud,  they  carry  the 
elections,  and  rob  the  people,  and  these  one  million 
have  more  than  three-fourths  of  the  capital.  And  if 
one  million  of  men  each  have  thirty-five  thousand  dol- 
lars on  an  average,  they  will  have  more  than  three- 
fourths  of  the  property  in  the  United  States,  as  they 
make  over  five  per  -cent,  on  their  capital.  We  say  five 
per  cent.  That  is  too  small,  but  we  will  rather  make 
it  less  than  over  the  fact,  and  about  one  and  three- 
quarters  billions  are  probably  what  will  be  the  profits 
that  are  saved  and  laid  up  yearly.  It  may  be  more, 
but  we  wish  to  be  on  the  safe  side,  and  it  cannot  be 
but  Uttte  more.  Then  any  man  will  see  that  the  one 
million  having  $35,000  each  on  an  average,  will  be 
thirty-five  billions.  And  the  manufacturers  in  1850 
made  593^  percent.;  in  1860,47  percent.;  in  1870, 
46  per  cent.;  in  1880,  about  36  per  cent.;  and  from 
that  it  wciuld  be  reasonable  to  assume  that  the  one 
million  laid  up  in  clear  cash  over  all  the  expenses,  and 
the  money  they  spent  extravagantly,  and  living  luxu- 
riantly, and  reckless  and  lavish  parties,  and  magnifi- 


NATIONAL    EDUCATION.  887 

cent  equipage,  and  all  the  costly  jewelry,  and  ward- 
robes, and  saturnalian  feasts,  and  they  had  one  billion 
left.  All  the  property  in  the  United  States  is  not  fifty 
billions,  and  the  whole  property  in  the  United  States 
does  not  yield  2^  per  cent.,  and  2^  per  cent,  on  50 
billions  is  one  and  a  quarter  of  billions  of  dollars  ;  and 
we  see  that  all  of  the  people  in  the  United  States  do 
not  make  over  one  and  a  quarter  billions  clear  to  lay 
up.  Now,  we  said  it  was  reasonable  to  assume  that 
we  were  right;  that  the  one  million  wealthy  nabobs, 
who  had  thirty-five  billions  of  dollars  laid  up,  clear,  as 
said  before,  five  per  cent,  on  thirty-five  billions,  which 
is  also  one  and  three-quarters^  billions  of  dollars.  Yes, 
but  how  is  this  .^  The  whole  of  the  people  lay  up  one 
and  a  quarter  billion  of  cash  yearly,  and  the  one  mil- 
lion lay  up  one  and  three-quarters  billions  of  dollars. 
So  there  is  nothing  left  for  the  eleven  million  voters. 
The  one  million  took  it  all,  and  the  eleven  million  are 
left  in  the  cold  with  nothing,  and  so  it  is  agoing  each 
year.  The  one  million  voters,  nabobs,  are  taking  all 
of  the  profits  made  in  the  country  each  year,  and  the 
eleven  millions  have  zero  on  an  average.  Some  make 
a  little,  and  some  make  expenses,  and  many  run  be- 
hind, and  go  down  the  flume,  and  become  poor,  or 
paupers,  or  tramps;  and  the  four  millions  of  robbers 
and  thieves,  and  liars,  and  serfs,  and  slaves  rob  the 
people  and  themselves,  and  give  to  the  infernal  liars 
and  thieves. 

In  the  last  page  we  gave  an  account  how  wealth  is 
accumulated  in  the  coffers  of  the  few,  and  we  have 
stated  by  what  means  it  was  effected — by  giving  land 
to  a  set  of  thieves,  by  war,  national  debt,  standing  ar- 
my, tariff,  banking,  railroads,  telegraph  lines,  private 
monopolies,  navigation  monopolies,  and  some  others. 
All  men  know  that  those  who  have  the  property  of  a 
country  will  rule  that  country,  and  they  will  rule  with 
a  rod  of  iron,  despotically,  and  certainly  for  their  own 
interest.  In  Europe  the  people  cannot  help  them- 
selves, as  they  have  not  the  full  benefit  of  the  ballot; 

^  The  nabobs  spent  three-quarters  billions,  and  had  one  billion  left. 


888  THE  workingman's  guide, 

and  a  great  revolution  will  have  to  take  place  to  give 
them  their  rights,  as  the  land  and  personal  property  is 
in  the  hands  of  a  few  man-eaters,  and  has  been  so  for 
centuries,  and  was  made  so  by  political  machinery,  and 
there  is  but  little  hope  for  the  workingman.  The  in- 
fernal tartarean  has  him  bound  hand  and  foot,  and  he 
is  a  complete  serf  and  slave,  and  it  all  has  been  done 
by  politics.  Can  any  person  tell  how  a  few  persons 
got  all  the  land  in  Europe  ?  And  can  he  tell  any  oth- 
er way  he  got  it  but  by  politics  ?  But,  says  the  black 
Republican  serf  and  slave  and  fool  and  knave,  he  took 
it  up.  That  is  not  so.  That  would  not  be  considered 
a  title,  only  by  a  law  made  so  by  despots,  and  by  class 
laws,  such  as  high  tariff,  railroads  watering  stock, 
banking,  British  system,  telegraph  lines  watering  stock, 
and  the  others  before  mentioned.  No  man,  or  men,  or 
set  of  men,  should  have  any  advantage  by  law  over  the 
mass  of  the  people.  All  laws  should  be  impartial,  no 
advantage  given  to  any  person.  If  a  bad  law  is  made 
for  a  few,  it  can  be  consummated  only  by  robbing  the 
workingman.  So  every  man  with  an  ounce  of  brains 
can  see  that  labor  only  can  make  property  and  elevate 
a  country.  Law  can  do  nothing  to  make  property  nor 
enrich  a  country,  but  it  can  rob  the  poor  man  and  give 
it  to  the  rich.  So  the  infernal,  black  Republican, 
codfish  cannibals  have  made  their  money,  and  the  four 
million  serfs,  liars  and  slaves  assisted  them.  And  we 
ask  if  those  imps  and  thieves  are,  strictly  speaking, 
human  beings.  We  say  no,  they  are  cenoculant  lep- 
ers, lewd  libellers,  and  libertines,  licentious  libidinists, 
lickerous  livipoops,  loafers,  lobs,  loathful  loons,  loung- 
ers, labricals,  lurchers,  lunatics,  lynch nobites  and  rep- 
tiles. 

THE    GREAT    WHISKEY    RING. 

In  the  years  i868-'69  John  McDonald  was  en- 
gaged in  Washington  collecting  war  claims  against 
the  government,  and  other  matters.  In  September 
his  papers  and  trunk  was  lost,  and  he  says  he  lost 
$300,000,  which  the  railroad  refused  to  pay.  He  had 
a  talk  with   the   President,  and  asked  for  an  appoint- 


NATIONAL    EDUCATION.  889 

ment,  which  the  President  promised,  and  after  obtain- 
ing recommendations  and  taking  them  to  the  Presi- 
dent, he  was  appointed  Supervisor  of  Internal  Reve- 
nue. There  was  some  opposition  to  his  appointment, 
but  he  was  strongly  endorsed,  nevertheless.  On  the 
12th  of  November  he  took  possession  of  the  office, 
having  charge  of  the  district  embracing  Arkansas  and 
Indian  Territory,  with  headquarters  at  Little  Rock. 
He  first  investigated  great  frauds  by  tobacco  manufac- 
turers in  Indian  Territory.  He  spoke  to  the  President 
about  the  matter,  and  was  assured  of  assistance.  He 
libelled  and  placed  in  court  four  lots  of  unstamped  to- 
bacco. Commissioner  ordered  the  release  of  the  goods, 
but  he  disregarded  the  order  and  prosecuted  the  crim- 
inals, and  brought  credit  on  the  government.  Mis- 
souri became  divided,  and  in  political  dissensions,  and 
the  President  desired  him  to  take  charge  of  the  State 
of  Missouri,  and  have  his  headquarters  at  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  which  he  accepted.  In  April  he  received  a  let- 
ter from  an  officer,  that  it  would  be  well  to  examine 
into  the  affairs  of  a  distillery  at  St.  Louis.  At  this 
time  all  the  distilleries  were  libelled  and  shut  up.  Mc- 
Donald unearthed  a  great  fraud  in  a  distillery,  amount- 
ing to  $117,600.  The  revenue  was  honestly  collected 
until  the  fall  of  1871,  when  one  Conduce  G.  Maguire 
was  imported  from  Cincinnati  to  manage  the  illicit 
distilling,  and  to  arrange  for  the  collection  of  the  as- 
sessments to  be  made  on  the  distillers  and  rectifiers. 
He  came  ostensibly  as  an  agent  for  some  patent  pav- 
ing company  in  the  East.  McDonald  says  that  there 
was  an  understanding  between  the  President,  McKee, 
Ford,  Joice  and  myself  that  a  ring  should  be  formed, 
the  proceeds  from  which  should  constitute  a  campaign 
fund  to  advance  the  interest  of  the  administration: 
hence  the  manner  in  which  Joice  writes  a  letter  in 
which  the  matter  is  exposed. 

The  first  money  derived  from  illicit  distilling  was  in 
September,  1871,  the  month  that  the  superintendent, 
Maguire,  appeared  in  St.  Louis  to  put  the  machinery 
of  the  ring  into  operation.     One  month  an  assessment 


890  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

of  $20,000  may  have  been  levied,  and  the  next  month 
$100,000  may  be  called.  The  reader  will  understand 
how  the  fraud  was  managed.  Instead  of  buying  stamps 
and  putting  them  on  the  whisky  casks,  the  distillers 
would  pay  the  officers  of  the  government  a  share  of 
the  tax,  and  the  remainder  the  distillers  would  not  pay, 
and,  of  course,  it  was  so  much  in  their  pockets.  And 
the  amount  that  the  government  officers  took  was  used 
as  a  campaign  fund  to  elect  the  President.  This  was 
a  new  departure,  the  government  officials  compromis- 
ing with  the  whisky  distilleries,  and  putting  the  money 
in  their  pockets.  We  think  the  black  Republicans 
were  the  first  to  inaugurate  that  manner  of  stealing 
money  from  the  people.  The  people  had  to  pay  the 
full  tax,  but  none  of  it  went  into  the  United  States 
treasury — but  went  into  the  pockets  of  the  govern- 
ment officers  and  the  distillers.  Reader,  we  thilik  you 
have  never  heard  of  such  a  fraud  before  in  this  coun- 
try. The  government  officers  and  the  distillers  have 
been  called  the  whisky  ring,  and  McDonald  says  that 
the  President  was  at  the  head  of  the  ring.  This  proves 
that  we  said  the  truth,  when  we  said  that  there  was 
nothing  so  criminal,  infamous,  and  mean  but  the  four 
millions  liars,  swindlers,  serfs,  slaves,  thieves  and  rob- 
bers would  do.  And  now  we  can  point  you  out  scores 
of  infernal  scamps  who  are  in  high  standing  among 
the  black  Republican  diabolicans,  and  who  think  they 
are  a  number  one  citizen  in  society,  who  uphold  all  the 
frauds  and  crimes  that  these  Belials  do,  and  think  it  is 
smart  in  them  to  do  such  nefarious  work.  We  think 
they  are  a  disgrace  to  their  species,  a  damage  to  so- 
ciety, an  infamy  to  their  race.  And  General 
was   manager  {under  )  to  manipulate  the  ma- 

chinery. They  bought  the  "  Democrat  "  and  "  Globe," 
and  they  were  then  in  the  interest.  And  it  was  open- 
ly said  at  the  time  that  the  President  was  in  the  ring, 
and  McDonald  says  he  was  the  soul  of  it,  and  that  it 
was  started  for  his  benefit.  A  vast  ring  it  was,  and 
composed  of  a  great  many  men.  The  infamous  crip- 
ple senator  called  on  McDonald,  and  a  few  days  after 


NATIONAL    EDUCATION.  89I 

a  Mr.  Blow  collected  $30,000  to  carry  Indiana.  Mc- 
Donald says  :  "  At  the  appointed  time  wc  visited  the 
White  House,  and,  with  the  President,  retired  to 
the  blue  room,  and  remained  a  long  time  in  canvass- 
ing our  scheme  for  creating  a  campaign  fund.  The 
President  distinctly  informed  Ford  and  McFee  that 
he  had  entrusted  certain  matters  to  me  ;  that  he  un- 
derstood everything,  and  whatever  we  wanted  would 
be  forthcoming;  and  the  President  had  Maj.  E.  B. 
Grimes  appointed  in  the  place  of  a  person  removed. 
The  following  letter  furnishes  strong  proof  of  an  un- 
derstanding between  the  President,  Babcock,  Joyce 
and  McDonald,  in  the  affairs  at  St.  Louis : 

"  St.  Louis,  March  3d,  1871. 

"  Dear  General: 

"  Now  I  want  you  to  put  in  your 
best  licks  for  our  mutual  friend  Avery,  who  is  in  ev- 
ery sense  fitted  for  the  vacancy.  I  believe  you  have 
influence  enough  with  Cornet,  Thompson,  and  Pleas- 
anton  to  have  him  appointed.  If  you  cannot  do  the 
thing  yourself,  you  can  find  a  man  who  can.  Avery 
is  our  friend,  and  we  want  as  many  of  his  sort  as  we 
can  get.  You  might  have  General  Babcock  speak  to 
Pleasanton  in  Avery's  behalf.  Ford  wants  you  to 
come  back.  "  Yours  truly, 

"  John  A.  Joyce." 

John  W.  Douglass  was  also  one  of  the  ring,  and 
rendered  efficient  aid.  A  Mr.  Woodward  writes  a  let- 
ter, telling  how  the  government  officials  were  silenced 
with  the  ready  sum  of  five  thousand  dollars,  and  at 
another  time  seven  thousand  dollars.  Fine  adminis- 
tration we  had.  And  all  must  know  by  this  time  that 
there  is  a  ring  of  not  less  than  four  millions  who  will 
vote  for  the  black  Republican,  infernal,  codfish  aristoc- 
racy, it  matters  not  what  diabolical  schemes  they 
carry  out,  and  call  it  smart,  and  they  think  it  is  smart. 
They  have  given  the  country  away,  and  they  stay  with 
them  closer  than  ever.  Who  ever  thought  that  there 
were  so  many  soulless,  infamous,  degraded,  infernal 
demons  in  the  country  }     They  sell  their  country  and 


892  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

their  wives  and  children  into  slavery,  and  it  does  not 
touch  their  consciences,  Douglass  was  appointed 
commissioner  of  internal  revenue,  and  he  was  put  in 
for  the  benefit  of  the  ring.  The  black  Republicans 
are  as  great  a  set  of  thieves  as  ever  existed.  They 
are  machievellians,  machinators,  machines,  maculated 
madbrains,  malefactors,  malicious,  malignant,  mam- 
monists,  mantrappers,  maranatha,  mealy-mouthed  med- 
dlers. 

The  whisky  ring  did  not  confine  its  operations  to 
St.  Louis,  but  was  in  full  operation  in  all  important 
cities.  In  New  Orleans,  there  was  a  gigantic  ring  un- 
der the  immediate  supervision  of  James  N.  Casey,  col- 
lector of  the  port  of  that  city,  who  was  President 
Grant's  brother-in-law.  The  appointment  of  Maguire 
effected  no  change  in  the  conduct  of  the  ring;  every 
thing  remained  tranquil,  and  yet  in  a  vigorous  condi- 
tion.    One   B went    through    the   distilleries  and 

rectifying  houses,  and  threatened  that  he  would  make 
a  correct  report  (a  false  one  had  been  made  before)  of 
the  crookedness  of  the  distilleries  in  St.  Louis.  This 
alarmed  the  whisky  men,  and  they  made  overtures  to 
buy  him  to  keep  still,  and  he  staid  a  month,  and  then 
sold  body  and  soul  for  $20,000,  half  down,  and  the 
other  half  when  the  reports  should  be  placed  on  file 
at  Washington.  He  made  a  report  to  suit  the  whisky 
men,  and  he  lied  basely,  as  the  black  Republican 
scamps  always  do  when  they  can  make  money  by  it, 
and  sent  the  report  exonerating  the  whisky  men,  and 
had  the  $10,000,  and  sure  to  get  $10,000  more.  $20,- 
000,  a  good  price  for  one  month's  work.  Such  is  the 
infernal  villainy  of  black  Republicanism.  And  who 
will  say  that  they  who  keep  them  in  office  are  not  as 
bad  as  the  thieves  ?  We  know  they  are,  and  every 
honest  man  knows  they  are.  A  thief  is  no  worse  than 
he  who  upholds  him.  And  if  thieves  did  not  vote  for 
the  thieves  they  would  not  be  in  office,  and  could  not 
steal  ;  and  they  who  put  a  thief  in  office  knowing  it, 
are  no  better  than  a  thief.  McDonald  reached 
Washington  on  December  the   7th,  and  directly  after 


NATIONAL    EDUCATION.  893 

office  hours  went  to  the  White  House.  The  first  per- 
son he  met  there  was  General  liabcock,  and  found 
him  seated  at  his  desk  in  the  secretary's  room,  and 
after  passing  the  usual  greetings,  I  took  the  money 
from  my  pocket  and  handed  it  to  him  with  the  remark: 
'•  Here  is  ^5,000  which  Joice  collected  from  the  boys 
for  your  benefit  just  before  I  left  St.  Louis."  He  took 
the  package  and  put  it  in  his  pocket,  without  counting 
the  money,  with  many  expressions  of  gratitude,  re- 
marking, that  he  knew  the  source  from  whence  the 
money  came.  General  McDonald  gives  the  President 
a  team  and  buggy  worth  $6000.  This  proves  what  is 
going  on,  and  the  sequel  will  show.  McDonald  told 
the  President  about  the  $5,000,  and  he  said  All  right; 
that  he  entrusted  Babcock  vvith  the  details  of  the  bus- 
iness ;  and  he  says :  "  I  will  see  that  you  get  all  the 
changes  you  want."  McDonald  then  explained  to  him 
that  he  would  see  that  he  would  get  all  the  changes  he 
wanted,  and  what  an  old  hog  McKee  was,  as  he  had  to 
give  him  five  to  twelve  hundred  dollars  a  week  in  or- 
der to  pacify  him,  and  keep  his  paper  for  us  in  the 
coming  campaign.  His  reply  was  :  "  You  must  do  the 
best  you  can,  and  depend  upon  me  to  do  all  for  you  at 
this  end  of  the  line  you  may  require."  McDonald  then 
went  out  to  see  the  horses  and  carriage  he  had  presented 
to  the  President.  On  going  back,  the  President  told 
him  :  "  We  want  all  the  money  you  can  raise  now  our- 
selves." They  then  talked  about  Garfield's  connection 
with  District  of  Columbia  ring.  The  distilleries  were 
running  day  and  night  on  crookedness.  And  all  this 
time  the  President  was  saying,  Let  no  guilty  man  es- 
cape, and  the  infernals  believed  he  was  sincere,  and  all 
the  time  he  was  the  leader  of  the  ring,  and  the  four 
million  liars,  serfs,  and  slaves,  cheats,  fools,  and  knaves 
were  echoing  it  from  centre  to  circumference  of  the 
country.  This  proves  the  slavery  of  the  four  million 
infernals.  McDonald  sends  General  Babcock  $1,000 
in  a  box  of  cigars.  The  President  liked  cigars,  and 
they  enjoyed  them.  Things  begin  to  look  murky. 
Mr.  Bristow,  secretary,  had  received  information  that 


894  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

made  him  suspect  that  the  government  was  being  de- 
frauded, and  he  meditated  a  change  in  officials,  as  that 
would  be  likely  to  expose  the  fraud.  Bristow  issues  an 
order  changing  the  supervisors.  The  President  or- 
dered the  order  revoked.  Notice,  the  President  re- 
vokes the  order.  McDonald  sees  Bristow,  who  talked 
fair,  but  McDonald  has  his  fears,  and  the  old  saying 
that  "  the  way  of  the  transgressor  is  hard  "  is  being 
verified  in  this  case,  and  probably  will  be  in  the  infamy 
of  the  infernal,  black  Republican,  codfish,  aristocratic 
ring.  They  uphold  the  most  vile,  and  villainous,  and 
vicious  crimes  that  were  ever  committed  by  any  bar- 
barians. A  Mr.  Hogue  made  another  trip  to  New 
Orleans,  and  he  collected  $10,000  of  the  distilleries. 
He  made  this  descent  on  the  miscreants  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  Washington  officials.  (All  still  yet.) 
Early  in  March,  1875,  G.  W.  Fishback,  former  pro- 
prietor of  the  Missouri  Democrat,  was  in  Washington, 
and  McDonald  was  terrified.  "  The  wicked  flee  when 
no  man  pursueth,"  and  he  was  of  the  opinion  that 
Bristow  was  determined  to  "let  no  guilty  man  escape." 
McDonald  wrote  to  Babcock  to  learn  what  Fishback 
was  doing  in  Washington.  Babcock  wrote  back  that 
he  was  friendly,  and  that  he  was  looking  to  the  im- 
provement of  the  rivers.  But  that  satisfied  McDon- 
ald but  a  short  time.  A  guilty  conscience  has  no 
peace.  Mr.  Fishback  reported  to  Bristow  about  the 
crookedness  of  the  whisky  distilleries,  and  had  a  spec- 
ial agent  appointed  by  the  Secretary,  Bristow,  to  ex- 
amine the  shipments  of  grain  and  whisky  at  St.  Louis 
for  several  years.  Several  seizAires  of  whiskies  are  be- 
ing made.  McDonald  gets  a  letter,  stating  that  his 
district  is  being  made  the  butt  end  of  all  the  investi- 
gations going  on.  McDonald  goes  to  Washington, 
tells  Dorsey  that  Bristow  was  interfering  in  his  affairs. 
They  talk  about  having  Bristow  dismissed.  McDon- 
ald sees  I^ristow,  asks  him  if  he  sent  Mr.  Homes  into 
his  district ;  he  answered  :  "  If  my  memory  serves  me 
right,  I  did."  McDonald  left  him,  went  to  see  Com- 
missioner Douglas,  of  the  internal  revenue,  asked  him 


CAPITALIZATION    OF    LABOR.  895 

what  Homes  and  Yaryan  did  in  liis  district,  and  he 
not  being  informed  of  it.  He  was  excited  ;  went  over 
to  see  Bristow,  and  did  not  tell  McDonald  what  Bris- 
tow  said,  but  said  he  would  tell  in  future.  McDonald 
went  to  the  Arlington  House,  saw  Bristow,  and  took  a 
seat  by  hitn.  Bristow  said,  "  How  are  you  getting 
along  with  revenue  matters  in  your  district?""  An- 
swer: "  I  am  collecting  all  the  revenues."  He  asked : 
"  How  long  have  you  been  collecting  all  the  reven- 
ues .f*"  Answer:  "Since  you  sent  of^cers  into  it." 
Bristow  said  :  "  I  have  collected  considerable  evidence 
— have  a  parcel  of  it."  McDonald  asked  him  if  he 
was  after  the  oiTficers.  He  answered  :  "  Oh,  no  ;  I  am 
only  trying  to  collect  the  revenue.  For  a  long  time 
the  revenue  has  not  been  collected."  Bristow  further 
asks  what  portion  of  the  revenue  has  been  collected. 
McDonald  answered,  about  two-thirds.  Bristow  asked 
him  if  it  all  could  be  collected.  McDonald  said  under 
certain  circumstances  it  might  be. 


CHAPTER    LX. 

CAPITALIZATION    OF    LABOR. 

A  man  has  a  city  house  and  lot  which  he  rents  for 
$1,000  a  year,  and  as  such  property  is  worth  lo  per  cent, 
what  is  the  value  of  the  house  and  lot.?  As  lo  is  to 
100,  so  is  $1,000,  the  rent  of  the  house  and  lot;  and 
we  get  $10,000,  the  worth  of  the  house  and  lot.  That 
is,  a  house  and  lot  that  rents  for  $i,ooo  a  year,  is 
worth  $10,000.  And  if  a  man  has  a  farm  that  yields 
$500  a  year,  free  of  all  expenses,  and  such  property  is 
worth  5  per  cent.,  then  the  farm  is  worth  $10,000;  or, 
as  5  is  to  100  so  is  500  to  10,000;  or  add  two  ciphers 
to  500  and  it  will  be  50,000,  and  divide  by  5  and  we 
get  $10,000,  the  capitalized  value  of  the  farm.  Now 
let  us  capitalize  the  labor  of  the  United  States.  By 
the  census  of  1880,  the  number  of  laborers  in  the 
United  States  was  17,392,099,  and  at  this  date,  1886, 


896  THE    WORKINGMAN's    GUIDE. 

it  is  about  20,000,000;  and  we  will  put  the  price  they 
receive  a  day  at  $i,or  say  $300  a  year.  But  the  man 
has  to  be  fed  and  clothed.  But  we  have  placed  the 
wages  too  low,  and  we  will  set  expenses  low.  Of 
board  and  clothing  we  will  say  that  a  man  nets  $150 
a  year,  and  at  5  per  cent,  for  money,  $150* is  worth  20 
plus  $150,  which  is  $3,000;  and  that  is  the  capital  the 
labor  of  a  workingman  is  worth.  And  it  amounts  to 
this:  the  workingman  in  health  and  average  strength, 
is  worth,  in  himself,  $3,000 ;  and  as  there  are  about 
20,000,000  workingmen  in  the  United  States,  the  la- 
bor capital  of  all  is,  20,000,000  multiplied  by  $3,000; 
and  if  multiplied  we  get  6o,coo,ooo,ooo  of  dollars  ;  and 
next  w^e  will  see  what  the  remainder  of  the  capital  of 
the  United  States  is  worth,  and  by  comparison  it  will 
exhibit  an  important  factor  in  the  problem  of  the  val- 
ue of  labor;  and  we  shall  see  that  labor  is  very  much 
underpaid.  And  we  will  prove  that  the  farmer,  me- 
chanic, laboring  man,  and  all  working  men,  do  not 
get  paid  for  their  work.  And  such  is  a  grievous 
and  flagitious  infamy  that  nature  will  not  endure ; 
and  she  will  rectify  the  infernal  misappropriation,  that 
the  tartarean,  black  Republican  aristocrat  has  prac- 
ticed for  thousands,  and  tens  of  thousands  of  years 
with  impunity.  But  nature  will  correct  the  diabolical 
theft,  and  cheat,  and  swindle,  and  the  atrocious  and 
villainous  hydra  will  have  to  pay  all  by  utter  extinc- 
tion. So,  we  say  again.  Labor  must  rule,  and  all  the 
workingman  has  to  do  is,  to  unite  for  his  interest  and 
be  moral,  and  the  work  is  easy. 

There  is  is  in  the  United  States  nearly  twelve  mil- 
lions of  voters;  of  them  about  one  million  are  codfish 
aristocracy,  who  take  nearly  all  the  money  that  is 
made  in  the  country.  And  the  black  Republican,  cod- 
fish aristocracy  lie,  cheat,  swindle,  rob  and  steal  the 
properly  of  eleven-twelfths  of  the  people,  and  they 
have  four  million  liars,  thieves,  serfs  and  slaves  and 
fools  and  knaves  who  think  it  is  smart  to  steal  from 
the  people.  See  the  bill.  And  eleven  million  voters 
arc  laboring  men,  and  one  million  do  not  work,  but 


CAPITALIZATION    OF    LABOR.  897 

live  by  stealing  from  the  people,  and  get  nearly  all  the 
money;  and  there  is  about  two  millions  who  will  in 
time  vote  the  Democratic  ticket;  but  the  four  million 
will  vote  to  steal  the  people's  money,  and  let  the  one 
million  have  all  of  it,  and  they  are  fools,  paupers,  serfs 
and  slaves.  And  it  matters  not  what  the  one  million 
ask,  they  will  do  their  bidding.  These  are  the  brutes 
that  we  expose.  These  are  the  reptiles  that  enslave 
their  wives,  children,  relatives  and  posterity.  Miser- 
able and  degraded  fools  !  And  two  millions  laborers 
are  aliens — men,  women  and  children  ;  and  seven 
millions  are  boys,  women  and  children,  laborers,  mak- 
ing twenty  millions  of  poor  laborers  working  for  an 
infamous  and  infernal,  black  Republican,  codfish  aris- 
tocracy. Now,  many  dupes  and  fools  will  not  believe 
this  estimate,  but  we  tell  you  positively  that  it  is  near- 
ly correct,  and  we  ask  what  kind  of  brute  and  saurian 
is  that  which  upholds  such  tartarean  and  criminal 
acts  ?  But  the  black  Republican  said  the  truth,  when 
he  said  that  he  was  not  a  good  citizen  who  upheld 
such  nefarious  work.  Fifty  million  dollars  of  property 
in  the  United  States,  and  of  that  forty  millions  the 
/a/sz  crimen  have  it  all — that  is,  they  have  four-fifths 
of  all  the  property  in  the  United  States;  that  is,  one- 
twelfth  of  the  lying  thieves  have  four-fifths  of  the  prop- 
erty, and  the  four  millions  think  they  are  acute.  Egre- 
gious thieves  they  are,  to  give  their  property  away 
to  cheats  !  And  the  five  million  men  women  and  chil- 
dren of  the  Stygian  teledus  have  forty  millions  of  the 
property,  and  the  fifty-five  millions  of  the  honest  and 
truthful  people  have  but  ten  millions  of  property. 
There  are  about  sixty  millions  of  inhabitants  in  the 
United  States;  that  is  about  ^834  to  each  individual, 
and  the  lying  thieves  have  about  ^8,000  to  the  indi- 
vidual. So  you  see  that  there  is  but  ^180  left  for  each 
of  the  people.  What  think  you  ?  So  the  aristocracy 
have  forty-four  times  as  much,  each,  as  the  people, 
about,  of  the  people's  labor.  1  he  increase  in  property 
yearly,  in  the  United  States,  is  from  two  per  cent,  to 
two  and  a  half  per  cent,  yearly.     Two  and  a  half  per 


898  THE    WORKINGMAn's    GUIDE. 

cent,  of  sixty  billions  is  one  and  a  half  billions,  and 
that  is  what  the  laboring  men  get  yearl}^  But  the 
lying,  stealing,  cheating  aristocracy  rob  the  people  of 
more  than  half  of  it,  that  is  one  and  a  half  divided  by 
two,  and  we  have  three-fourths  of  the  billion.  The 
stupendous  liars  and  frauds  take  all  the  people's  in- 
come. The  increase  of  property  in  the  United  States 
is  about  two  per  cent,  to  two  and  a  half  per  cent.,  and 
the  increase  of  the  poor  four-fifths  of  the  people.  Two 
and  a  half  per  cent,  of  $10,000,000,000,  that  is  but 
$250,000,000,  which  is  one  eighth  billion,  which  added 
to  three-fourths  billions  is  seven-eighths  billions  of 
dollars,  which  the  workingmen  earn  in  all,  labor  and 
property  income.  But  the  infernal  scamps  get  by 
stealing  five  per  cent,  on  the  forty  billions  they  have, 
which  is  two  billions  of  dollars,  and  more  than  half  of 
that  is  stealings,  that  is,  one  billion  of  stealings  ;  and 
one  billion  added  to  three-fourths  billion  is  one  and 
three-fourths  billions  of  dollars,  and  one  and  three- 
fourths  multiplied  by  twenty-four  years,  the  dragons 
were  in  office,  is  forty-two  billions  of  dollars  the  hydras 
stole.  It  appears  that  this  estimate  is  some  more  than 
the  bill,  which  see.  But  the  bill  is  not  far  from  the 
truth.  But  we  will  give  the  workingmen  on  their  cap- 
ital a  billion  in  twenty-four  years,  and  the  farmers  and 
mechanics  a  billion  of  dollars  on  their  capital,  and  we 
will  have  forty  billions  left,  which  the  infernal  hydras 
have  stolen  from  the  people  in  twenty-four  years. 
This  is  the  second  way  that  we  arrive  at  the  same  for- 
ty billions  stealings.  And  bear  in  mind  you  will  have 
seen  that  they  are  at  present  stealing,  daily,  five  mil- 
lions from  the  people  in  hard  cash.  You  can  see  the 
bill,  and  please  examine  it,  and  if  there  is  anything 
you  cannot  understand,  study  again  carefully  over  and 
over,  and  you  will  find  this  book  is  the  true  book,  and 
advocates  the  workingman's  rights.  And  every  man 
knows  that  the  tartarean  gorgon  has  always  robbed 
the  people  as  long  as  the  people  had  any  property  the 
salamanders  could  steal,  and  they  now,  for  the  past 
forty  years,  have  stolen  more  than  ever.     Study,  and 


CAPITALIZATION    OF    LABOR.  899 

you  will  learn  your  interest,  and  how  to  protect  your- 
self. We  say  again,  do  not  believe  the  tartarean,  black 
Republican,  codfish,  vile  aristocracy  one  word  they 
say,  for  you  know  that  they  have  always  lied  to  he 
workingman,  and  none  but  serfs  and  slaves,  and  para- 
sites and  lackeys  and  fools,  will  lend  an  ear  to  black 
Republican  scamps. 

Not  long  since  we  met  a  something  like  a  man  in 
form,  but  not  a  unit  of  a  man  in  principle.  He  was  in 
favor  of  mobbing  and  destroying  property,  burning 
and  smashing  machines  generally,  and  killing,  butch- 
ering, assassinating  the  aristocrats.  He  said  there  was 
no  difference  in  the  parties,  and  said  that  they  would 
all  steal.  He  was  an  anarchist,  and  was  for  destruc- 
tion, and  that  was  all  he  knew  of  political  principles. 
He  was  entirel}  unacquainted  with  banking.  TarifT. 
railroading,  telegraphing  were  mysteries  to  the  anar- 
chist. But  he  was  for  destruction,  and  all  Erebus  could 
not  move  his  craniology.  Now  we  have  something 
to  say  in  the  opposite  scale.  We  tell  our  readers  not 
to  mob  and  destroy,  and  kill  and  slay,  not  to  burn  and 
smash  property.  It  costs  labor,  and  the  laboring  man 
will  have  to  re-create  the  articles,  and  he  will  have  to 
pay  the  bill.  Can  you  see  that  all  that  is  destroyed 
the  government  will  have  to  pay  to  the  last  cent  ? 
Where  is  the  sense  in  such  work  ?  It  is  the  height 
of  folly,  and  egregious  fools  only  will  be  engaged  in 
such  insane  and  vicious  and  infernal  work.  These 
fools  do  not  look  ahead  as  far  as  the  end  of  their  noses. 
They  do  not  know  that  instead  of  provoking  the  vile 
aristocrats,  they  are  pleasing  the  black  Republican,  in- 
fernal, codfish  aristocracy.  The  meaner  and  more  de- 
grading and  destructive  the  workingmen  act,  the  bet- 
ter pleased  the  tartarean  aristocracy  will  be.  Then 
they  have  an  excuse  for  a  despotic  government,  their 
darling  object,  and  we  have  no  doubt  some  black  Re- 
publican scamp  was  the  ringleader.  They  have  been 
teaching  that  we  are  going  back  into  barbarism ;  that 
there  is  no  honest  man;  that  all  will  steal;  that  we 
are  immoral  ;  that  we  are  ignorant ;  that  we  are  not 


900  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

fit  for  self  government,  and  they  are  glad  to  see  such 
manifestations  of  the  folly  of  the  workingmen.  And 
we  say  again  that  the  leaders  of  the  mob  vote  the 
black,  infernal,  codfish,  aristocratic  ticket,  and  are 
playing  into  the  tartarean  and  infernals'  hands.  These 
fellows  should  be  dealt  by  according  to  the  letter  of 
the  law,  and  we  say  to  the  workingmen.  Have  nothing 
to  do  with  such  stygian  iniquity.  Act  like  men.  You 
know  that  you  are  to  rule  this  great  country,  and  act 
so  as  to  show  yourselves  worthy  of  the  great  act.  So 
be  honest,  industrious,  truthful,  economical,  save  your 
coin,  and  do  not  lie,  and  cheat,  and  steal,  and  rob,  as 
black  Republicans  do. 

Alaska  has  made  a  nabob.  Black  Republicanism, 
whenever  they  can,  give  away  the  people's  money  or 
property,  so  as  to  build  up  a  vile  and  degraded  aris- 
tocracy ;  and  as  soon  as  they  acquired  Alaska,  (they 
saw,  and  they  are  quick  to  see  when  they  can  score 
a  point  to  build  up  an  aristocracy),  they  gave  an  im- 
mense fortune  to  build  up  aristocracy.  That  is  their 
plan,  to  give  away  when  they  can.  They  give  when 
they  have  nothing  to  give;  they  give  away  the  prop- 
erty of  the  people.  No  one  so  liberal  with  others' 
money  as  black  Republican,  infernal,  codfish  aristoc- 
racy. They  give  not  only  by  millions,  and  tens  of 
millions,  and  hundreds  of  millions,  but  by  billions, 
and  tens  of  billions.  It  costs  them  nothing  to  give  ; 
they  have  the  people's  treasury  to  give  from.  But 
they  evince  the  same  trail  of  character  as  the  cooks 
on  board  the  Isthmus  steamers;  they  throw  overboard 
good  provisions  from  the  first  and  second  cabin  pas- 
sengers' tables,  so  the  steerage  passengers  should  not 
have  it.  This  is  aristocracy  in  every  particular.  So 
the  black  infernals  gave  away  fat  contracts,  land,  and 
money  to  their  sworn  pets,  so  the  people  shall  not 
have  it.  They  steal,  and  give  it  to  their  diabolical 
pels.  Such  is  an  infernal,  codfish  aristocracy,  and 
thieves  should  be  brought  to  justice.  But  they  made 
a  bad  move  when  they  gave  the  negro  the  ballot.  It 
gave  the  House  of  Representatives  in  Congress  to  the 


CAPITALIZATION    OF    LABOR.  9OI 

Democrats  ;  by  giving  the  South  more  Congressmen 
the  Democrats  obtained  the  majority.  No  doubt, 
they  regret  now  tliat  they  gave  the  negro  the  ballot ; 
and  they  are  fooled  on  the  negro  vote  ;  they  do  not 
vote  as  they  want  them  to.  They  will  be  fooled  when 
the  workingman  takes  the  helm  of  government  in 
hand.  Workingman,  be  of  good  cheer,  your  turn  will 
come  sooner  than  you  expect.  Only  labor  for  your 
own  interests,  and  mind  and  not  give  heed  to  the  tar- 
tarean,  black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy.  And 
the  giving  the  ballot  to  the  negro  has  been  more  than 
a  hundred  million  of  dollars  benefit  to  the  people,  by 
giving  the  Democrats  the  majority  in  Congress.  It 
stopped  some  of  the  stealings  of  Asmodeus.  Remem- 
ber that  the  railroads  have  five  billions  of  watered 
stock.  They  claim  that  the  roads  cost  over  $62,000 
a  mile.  See  Miller's  afifidavit,  which  states  but  $io,- 
500  a  mile ;  and  we  allow  them  over  $20,000  a  mile, 
and  $20,000  taken  from  $62,000  leaves  $42,000,  and 
that  multiplied  by  120,552  miles  of  railroad  gives  5,- 
063,184^000,  or  over  5,000,000,000  of  watered  stock. 
And  the  people  have  to  pay  interest,  dividends,  and 
other  charges  on  this  fictitious  watered  stock.  Does 
any  person  believe  that  a  man,  or  set  of  men,  who 
swindle  the  people  in  that  manner,  have  a  conscience 
or  soul ;  and  has  a  person  who  upholds  such  infernal 
swindle  a  soul?  But,  says  the  egregious  fool,  we  did 
not  know  that  they  swindled  the  people  so.  You 
have  the  party  spirit  to  vote  a  ticket,  and  do  not  know 
what  you  are  voting  for.  Fine  citizen,  that  does  so. 
Gives  his  country  away,  and  then  says  that  he  did  not 
know  it.  We  must  say,  that  any  man  who  upholds, 
maintains,  and  supports  such  vile  iniquity,  is  destitute 
of  moral  sense,  and  has  no  feeling  for  his  family,  race, 
or  friends,  nor  posterity,  and  is  not  fit  to  live  in  a  free 
country,  or  any  country  but  Siberia,  and  he  should 
be  there.  But  such  is  an  obstinate,  vindictive,  ran- 
corous, parasite,  and  lackey,  and  tool  of  a  vile  black 
Republican,  codfish  aristocracy.  And  so  the  telegraph 
stock  is  watered ;  and  the  manufacturers' stock  is   wa- 


902  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

tered.  And  yet  there  is  a  flagitious,  unprincipled,  in- 
iquitous, tartarean  set  of  infernal  teledus  who  are  al- 
ways  ready  to  support  such  fraud.  And  those  stygian 
hydras  think  they  are  bettei  than  the  people.  Ineffa- 
ble and  unparalleled  depravity.  There  must  be  noth- 
ing but  reptilian  blood  coursing  through  their  brutal 
veins.  We  can  name  many  egregious  simpletons, 
who  are  of  lofty  bearing,  and  overweening  estimation 
of  their  situation  in  community,  when  in  fact  they  are 
a  damage  to  society;  an  injury  to  their  race;  a  dis- 
grace to  the  human  species ;  and  a  detriment  to  the 
people,  and  they  should  be  set  on  the  top  of  Hima- 
laya's highest  pinnacle.  We  occasionally  hear  the  old 
black  Republican  talk,  that  aristocracy  has  always 
ruled,  and  always  will.  That  cannot  be,  and  progress 
continue  at  the  same  time  ;  any  person  can  see  pro- 
gress is  a  law  of  nature.  The  saurians  are  gone  un- 
der;  the  mammoth  is  no  more  ;  the  polar  elephant  is 
gone  to  his  sires.  And  so  it  will  happen  to  the  bane- 
ful, and  infamous  Bohon  Upas  of  the  world.  The 
great  wonder  is  that  he  has  lasted  so  long  with  his  in- 
fernal iniquity. 

The  fool,  black  ignominious  reptile,  says  a  few  have 
always  had  the  property,  and  always  will.  The  same 
as  to  say  that  robbing  and  stealing  always  has  been  a 
success,  and  always  will,  for  in  no  other  way  could  a 
few  get  the  property  but  by  lying,  cheating,  swindling, 
robbing,  and  fraud  and  corruption.  No  ;  aristocracy 
must  be  extinguished.  The  good,  the  welfare,  the 
happiness  of  the  country  require  it,  and  it  is  a  discord 
in  the  world,  and  nature  will  discard  it,  and  they  will 
become  extinct.  They  have  been  an  unutterable  dam- 
age in  the  world;  they  have  stolen  nearly  all  the  prop- 
erty in  the  country,  and  it  is  time  that  they  were  ostra- 
cised and  sent  to  grass.  The  workingman  will  take 
charge  of  the  country.  He  must  be  a  stygian  brute 
who  is  in  favor  of  having  the  property  in  a  few  men's 
hands,  as  the  black  Republicans  want.  Vice  and  aris- 
tocracy must  go  together,  as  they  go  hand  in  hand 
like  twin  brothers.      Keep  aloof    from  both  of  them  ; 


CAPITALIZATION    OF    LABOR.  9O3 

do  not  let  either  get  a  foothold  in  your  character.  One 
leads  you  to  ruin,  and  the  other  degrades,  corrupts, 
and  ruins  the  country.  Infatuation  unparalleled ! 
That  any  man,  or  reptile  in  the  shape  of  a  man,  should 
completely  act  the  Hydra,  and  assist  the  tartarean, 
black  Republican,  codfish  aristocracy  to  evade  their 
lawful  taxes  !  But  'tis  true.  The  teledus  did  resist 
taxation,  and  they  laughed  in  their  sleeves  at  the  Dem- 
ocrats, that  they  could  not  collect  taxes  from  the  in- 
fernal anaconda.  And  the  tartarean  dragon  was  big 
chief,  and  has  played  the  inexorable  saurian.  A  man 
sends  money  by  another  man  to  pay  his  taxes.  He 
pays  them,  and  when  he  presented  the  bill  he  had  it 
several  dollars  more  than  the  tax  was.  The  man  re- 
fused to  pay  the  whole  sum,  as  he  said  that  was  more 
than  his  tax.  The  brute  was  mad,  and  he  insisted  that 
the  tax-payer  should  pay  the  whole  sum.  The  man 
asked  to  see  the  receipt,  but  the  vile  reptile  could  not 
produce  one.  He  looked,  but  did  not  show  any.  The 
truth  of  the  matter  was,  the  demon  had  added  a  small 
tax  of  his  own  into  the  account,  and  insisted  on  col- 
lection from  the  tax-payer.  He  was  a  good  black  Re- 
publican, and  had  no  soul.  Said  he  would  He,  and 
could  not  break  himself  of  the  infamous  practice  ;  and 
the  vile  imp  persisted  to  collect  the  tax  of  his  from  the 
tax-payer  persistently.  And  they  are  the  greatest  liars,, 
cheats  and  scamps  that  we  ever  knew. 

Bad  as  the  world  has  been  and  is  yet,  honor  is  stilli 
paid  to  virtue,  and  there  always  has  been  some  choice 
spirits  who  outshone  the  others,  and  mounted  on  ele- 
vated stations,  and  seen  the  glorious  rays  of  Aurora's 
etherial  light  gleaming  in  the  east,  and  proclaiming 
its  lightning  speed  to  the  dull  aristocrats  at  their  mid- 
night saturnalian  feasts  and  bacchanalian  revels.  No- 
tice ;  we  say  there  always  have  been  pilots  who  saw 
the  coming  day,  when  the  stupid  aristocracy  were  tak- 
ing their  matin  slumbers  after  their  midnight  debauch- 
eries. Look  at  ancient  Egypt,  Greece  and  Rome. 
They  had  lustrious  intellects,  that  would  grace  the  in- 
stitutes of  any  day.     These  were  the  types  of  the  com- 


904  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

ing  race  that  the  millennium  will  bring  forth.  An  an- 
cient man  was  not  of  as  fine  intellect  as  men  can  be 
found  of  today,  and  so  of  moral  feelings.  But  the 
standard  of  nature  alters  imperceptibly,  but  it  does  al- 
ter, and  tens  of  thousands  of  years,  if  we  could  now 
see  the  best  specimen  of  morality,  we  would  be  sur- 
prised;  so  of  the  mental  faculties.  No  wonder  there 
are  hard  times.  How  can  it  be  any  other  way,  when 
one-twelfth  of  the  people  have  four-fifths  of  the  prop- 
erty in  the  United  States  .f*  We  cannot  too  strenuous- 
ly urge  the  necessity  of  honor  and  integrity  to  the 
people.  We  have  to  say,  without  truth  and  virtue,  a 
person  is  not  an  entire  human  being  ;  he  is  brute  in  hu- 
fna7i  form.  Many  will  say  this  is  rough  and  untrue. 
He  has  not  yet  progressed  to  a  human  being;  he  is  a 
drag  to  the  species.  '  A  wit  is  a  feather,  a  chief  a 
rod,  an  honest  man  is  the  best  work  of  God."  A  dis- 
honest man  is  a  barbarian  ;  he  is  not  a  good  or  useful 
citizen.  And  so  it  is  with  those  who  teach  that  there 
is  no  honest  man.  They  are  a  moral  curse  to  society, 
and  of  such  are  the  black  Republican  liars  and  thieves. 
They  have  taken  us  back  in  morals  in  the  last  twenty- 
four  years  more  than  a  hundred  years,  and  we  say  to 
the  workingman.  Beware  of  such  vile  villainous,  vic- 
ious and  tartarean  teachers.  They  wish  to  degrade 
and  corrupt  you,  so  they  can  steal,  rob,  and  plunder 
your  substance,  and  cheat  and  defraud  you.  When 
the  wicked  rule,  the  country  is  in  distress,  and  mourns, 
and  grief,  misery  and  woe  oppressed  the  people,  and 
paupers  and  tramps,  serfs  and  slaves,  travel  the  coun- 
try. He  who  says  that  there  is  no  honest  man  is  a 
flagitious,  tartarean,  and  diabolical  brute.  This  needs 
no  proof.  If  the  vile  worm  was  a  good  man,  he  cer- 
tainly would  know  better,  and  if  he  was  but  half  civ- 
lizcd,  he  would  not  entertain  such  an  idea.  But  the 
being  sunk  in  the  depths  of  vice,  iniquity,  degrada- 
tion, and  no  light  of  morality  in  his  soul,  all  the  in- 
ward moral  parts  being  totally  depraved  and  dark  as 
Erebus,  it  is  impossible  that  he  could  conceive  of  any 
other  character  but  the  same  black  tartarean  type  of 


CAPITALIZATION    OF    LABOR.  9O5 

his  own.  So  with  a  man  with  a  character  as  black  as 
Tartarus,  and  treacherous  and  degraded,  and  sunk  in 
infamy  as  the  lying,  cheating,  swindling,  knavish, 
stealing,  robbing,  land-grabbing,  black  Republican, 
codfish  aristocracy  are.  Said  man  would  naturally 
and  by  their  precepts  think  that  all  men  were,  as  St. 
Paul  said,  as  himself,  black  as  the  abode  of  Apollyon. 
So  he  cannot  have  any  idea  of  there  being  an  honest 
man.  And  so  it  is  with  the  four  millions  liars,  serfs 
and  slaves,  cheats,  villains  and  knaves.  They  think 
that  all  men  are  like  themselves ;  so  the  fact  is,  that 
the  four  millions  are  barbarians — never  had  a  ray  of 
light  shine  in  their  benighted  souls,  and  as  they  have 
been  barbarians  from  the  cave  men,  they  are  so  still. 
Now,  we  all  know  that  the  original  man  was  a  barbarian, 
and  some  have  progressed  to  be  moral  men,  and  these 
are  the  Democrats,  and  the  black  Republican  infer- 
nals  are  still  in  the  dark  pit  of  barbarism. 

But  many  will  think  that  the  Democrats  are  not 
more  moral  than  the  black  demons.  Every  person 
knows  that  a  Democratic  government  is  the  most  ele- 
vated of  all  governments ;  more  liberal,  more  moral, 
more  enlightened ;  and  eveiy  persoji  must  know  that 
the  most  liberal,  the  most  moral  and  enlightened  indi- 
viduals would  choose  the  most  elevated  government; 
and  the  most  ignorant,  degraded,  and  vicious  would 
be  certain  to  remain  in  the  old  rut  of  barbarism.  The 
black  infernal  scamps  know  that,  as  they  see  the  pro- 
gress the  people  are  making,  and  that  unless  they  do 
something  to  corrupt  and  degrade  the  people,  they  will 
have  to  hang  their  harp  on  the  willows  ;  and  as  their, 
only  chance  of  success  is  to  degrade  the  people,  they 
have  set  out  to  teach  the  people  that  there  is  no  hon- 
est man  ;  and  that  all  will  lie,  cheat,  swindle,  rob,  and 
steal  ;  and  every  person  knows  that  they  have  been 
teaching  that  if  you  turn  a  stealing,  black  Republican 
out  of  office,  and  put  a  Democrat  in  his  place,  the  same 
stealing  would  take  place,  and  that  argument  satisfied 
their  parasites,  fools  and  scamps.  They  are  the  great- 
est fools  in  the  world.     No  man  having  a  thief  work- 


9o6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

ing  for  him,  and  being  positive  that  he  was  stealing 
his  property,  would  say :  I  will  not  put  him  off,  for  if  [ 
do,  the  next  man  and  any  man  1  may  employ  will  steal 
the  same  as  he  does.  You  see  that  is  teaching  that' 
all  men  will  steal.  Such  argument  will  satisfy  no  one 
who  has  half  sense.  But  we  just  said  they  are  barba- 
rians, and  believe  any  foolish  thing  their  leaders  tell 
them.  Nothing  is  so  degraded,  infamous  and  mean, 
but  the  leading  aristocrats  will  do  it;  and  nothing  is 
so  absurd  but  the  four  million  liars,  thieves,  robbers, 
serfs  and  villains  will  believe  it,  if  their  leaders  say  that 
it  is  so.  Read  the  book  and  see.  So  you  see  that  we 
have  been  outed  by  a  horde  of  liars  and  thieves.  They 
have  owned  that  they  were  thieves  ;  as  the  merchant 
said,  ''  I  will  Her  Now  we  ask  the  workingman  to  be 
honest,  truthful,  and  industrious  ;  do  not  follow  the  ex- 
ample of  the  lying,  black  Republican,  infernal,  mean, 
low,  codfish  aristocracy.  Workingman,  we  petition 
you  to  be  upright  and  moral,  to  hate  a  liar,  vice,  deg- 
radation, stealing,  and  robbing  from  the  people  as  the 
black  scamps  do.  Only  say  that  you  will  be  honest, 
and  truthful,  and  mean  it,  and  you  will  find  that  the 
work  is  half  done.  We  tell  you,  this  is  a  venal  and 
depraved  age.  The  tartareans  have  carried  us  back 
more  than  one  hundred  years  in  immorality  in  the 
last  twenty-five  years,  and  that  is  their  only  hope. 
When  the  people  make  money,  aristocracy  mourns  and 
grieves  They  never  will  reform ;  they  live  by  steal- 
ing, robbing,  plundering,  cheating  and  swindling,  and 
when  the  people  stop  them  stealing,  they  will  starve, 
and  become  extinct.  We  say  to  the  workingman :  love 
virtue,  and  hate  meanness,  lying,  stealing  and  robbing, 
and  if  you  do  that,  you  will  hate  the  lying,  cheating, 
stealing,  robbing  black  scamps.  You  must  not  vote 
for  a  single  one  of  them,  nor  any  of  their  vassals. 
Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price  of  liberty,  and  you  must 
watch  that  the  infernal,  tartarcan,  diabolical,  stygian 
scoundrels  do  not  get  the  start  of  you.  Buy  a  Win- 
chester, and  be  sure  to  keej)  your  eye  on  it. 

Turn  your  attention  to  the  nations  of  Europe,  and 


CAPITALIZATION    OF    LABOR.  9O7 

what  do  you  notice  ?  The  property  nearly  all  in  a 
few  reptiles'  coffers,  and  the  mass  of  the  people  ground 
down  to  poverty,  and  misery,  working  for  a  sheep's 
head  and  pluck  a  day,  and  lying  under  a  cart  at  night. 
A  few  living  in  luxury  and  extravagance,  and  the  many 
ekeing  out  a  miserable  existence  in  want,  pauperism, 
and  wretchedness.  Is  that  a  happy  country.?  And 
how  is  that  brought  about  and  kept  so  ?  By  class  legis- 
lation ;  laws  made  for  the  benefit  of  a  few ;  and  we  say 
He  who  striven  or  assists  to  inake  laws  continually^ 
that  make  a  few  rich  and  the  nia?iy  poor  is  a  base 
zvretch.  a  damage  to  his  race  ;  a  vile  reptile,  a  disgrace 
to  his  species  ;  an  infamons  villain,  and  a  scamp  of  no 
soul,  no  conscience,  no  feeling,  fio  moral  principle,  no 
humajiity ;  a  tartarean  scoundrel,  deserving  to  be  ban- 
ished from  a  free  country.  Let  him  who  is  guilty 
read,  ponder,  reflect,  and  consider,  and  he  will  say  as 
the  black  Republican,  who  said  that  he  who  aids  and 
upholds  a  corporation  to  take  -i)!  V^"^  cent,  on  his  cap- 
ital out  of  the  people,  is  not  a  good  citizen.  The 
truth  is,  that  he  is  the  meanest  and  rancorous  barbar- 
ia7z,  a  pauper  maker,  a  tramp  creator,  a  robber  of  his 
brother's  rights.  A  thief  who  steals  his  children's,  and 
his  children's  children's,  and  posterity's,  to  the  tenth 
and  hundredth  generations,  birthrights.  A  slave  ma- 
ker, a  starveling  maker,  a  robber  of  the  food  of  little 
infants,  a  slave,  a  sq.rf,  a  cheat,  a  liar,  a  robber,  a  thief, 
a  knave,  a  fool,  and  deserves  no  place  in  a  free  coun- 
try. Workingman,  it  is  for  you  to  put  a  stop  to  this  stu- 
pendous robbery.  40,000,000,000  in  25  years,  and  80- 
000,000,000,  with  interest  compounded  at  6  per  cent., 
and  5,000,000  daily,  now  1886.  Now,  workingman, 
consider  the  question  carefully,  and  do  your  duty  to 
yourself,  to  your  wife,  and  children,  to  your  relation, 
to  your  posterity,  and  vote  for  honest  government. 
Do  not  be  a  dupe,  a  dunce,  and  listen  to  a  black  Re- 
publican gull-catcher.  He  will  lie  you  out  of  house 
and  home  ;  that  is  his  occupation  ;  that  is  the  way  that 
he  has  always  obtained  his  living.  All  know  that  is 
so,  and  the  black  Republican  said  aristocracy  always 
stole,  and  have  not  quit  yet. 


9o8  THE  workingman's  guide. 

REFORMS. 

We  have  given  these  reforms  before,  but  good  things 
cannot  be  given  too  often.  The  first  reform  is  that 
the  people  do  not  engage  in  war,  the  favorite  occupa- 
tion of  a  villainous  aristocracy  and  black  scamps; 
there  they  have  a  bonanza  in  stealing.  No  war  unless 
an  enemy  comes  on  our  soil,  and  then  rush  on  him  in 
great  force,  and  extirpate  him.  Second,  bribery  and 
corruption  should  be  punished  by  death.  Third,  a 
small  standing  army  should  be  kept  with  light  ex-^ 
penses,  not  $1,520  to  the  soldier,  as  the  black  tarta- 
rean  scamps  have  it  cost  the  people.  Fourth,  nation- 
al debt.  The  present  debt  paid  off  as  soon  as  con- 
venient, and  then  no  more  debt.  That  the  black 
scamps  had  more  than  double  what  it  should  have 
been,  see  the  bill.  Fifth,  none  but  cabinet  officers 
appointed  by  the  President ;  all  others  elected  by  the 
people.  Sixth,  high  protective  tariff,  the  government 
to  guarantee  them  five  per  cent.,  and  they  have  no  m.ore, 
and  the  government  to  appoint  an  agent  in  every  fac- 
tory that  makes  $5,000  in  goods,  to  see  that  every 
thing  is  managed  on  the  square,  and  what  is  over  five 
per  cent,  to  go  to  the  government.  That  will  stop  the 
lying,  stealing  contention  of  the  infernal,  black,  codfish, 
aristocratic  reptiles.  Seventh,  banking.  The  govern- 
ment to  furnish  all  the  paper  money,  say  from  eight 
hundred  to  one  thousand  million  dollars,  and  she  pay 
it  out  for  her  expenses,  and  then  a  general  banking  law 
that  any  person  can  bank  with  that  money.  Then  we 
will  have  no  pets  banking  on  government  money,  and 
paying  nothing  for  it,  as  the  infernal  teledus  are  doing 
now.  Eighth,  telegraphing.  The  government  ap- 
point agents  to  see  what  it  pays,  and  take  all  but  five 
per  cent.,  and  let  the  companies  have  that  five  per 
cent.  That  is  more  than  the  United  States  is  paying 
now  for  money.  Ninth,  railroads.  The  government 
take  charge  of  the  whole  concern,  and  superintend  it, 
and  keep  all  the  money  that  is  over  five  per  cent.,  and 
give  them  five  per  cent,  on  the  true  worth  of  the  roads, 
and  not  give  a  penny  on  watered  stock,  which  is  about 


ROBBERY.  909 

five  billions  of  dollars.  See  the  bill,  and  Miller's  affi- 
davit. Tenth,  land  grants.  The  government  to  take 
all  forfeited  land  grants  back,  and  the  sales  included 
in  the  five  per  cent,  and  the  government  to  sell  no 
more  land,  but  rent  it.  This  must  be  done  as  soon  as 
can  be.  Eleventh,  river  monopolies  to  be  superintend- 
ed by  the  government,  and  the  monopolist  to  have 
five  percent.  Twelfth,  so  with  any  private  monopoly 
that  the  people  consider  a  sore  evil  ;  give  them  five 
per  cent.  Thirteenth,  government  expenses  reduced 
to  the  lowest  limit.  Any  person  can  see  that  this  is 
fair,  and  then  there  will  be  abundant  surplus  money 
to  pay  all  national,  state,  county,  and  municipal  taxes, 
and  money  left  for  internal  improvements.  How  will 
you  like  that,  to  pay  no  taxes  and  aristocracy  check- 
mated } 


CHAPTER  LXI. 

ROBBERY. 

The  black  Republican  may  ease  his  conscience: 
as  he  has  no  soul,  so  his  conscience  is  hard  as  adam- 
ant, (i)  The  contractor  in  the  war  made  from  50  to 
75  per  cent,  on  the  contracts.  (2)  The  army  cost  100 
per  cent,  more  than  it  should.  (3)  The  national  debt 
has  cost  100  per  cent,  more  than  it  ought  to  have  done. 
(4)  The  bankers  doubled  their  money  by  the  govern- 
ment giving  them  money  for  nothing,  for  every  dollar 
they  deposited  in  bonds,  and  they  drew  interest  on  the 
bonds  and  interest  on  the  money  the  government  gave 
them.  (5)  The  telegraph  company  draws  out  of  the 
people  from  60  per  cent,  to  a  hundred  per  cent,  on 
their  capital.  A  man  who  knew,  said  they  made  one 
hundred  per  cent,  on  the  overland  route  the  first  year. 
(6)  The  manufacturers  make  from  2)1 -^  46,  47,  592  per 
cent,  on  their  capital,  by  watering  stock  and  the  high 
protective  tariff  (7)  The  railroad  companies  make 
from  watering  stock  from  three  to  five  times  their 
capital,  and  on  these  and  a  few  others  they,  aristocrats, 


9IO  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

Steal  five  millions  of  dollars  dail3%  that  is,  take  five 
millions  daily  from  the  people's  pockets  more  than 
they  should,  and  no  honest  man  will  say  that  is  hu- 
man ;  it  is  an  unparalleled  and  infernal  infamy  that  has 
never  been  transcended.  None  but  stygian  and  nefa- 
rious scoundrels  would  commit  such  crimes.  Barba- 
rians would  be  ashamed  of  such  tartarean  work.  And 
can  such  infernal  stealing  be  condemned  in  terms  too 
severe  ?  We  say  no  language  is  capable  to  do  the 
tartarean-deserving,  black  Republican,  codfish  aristoc- 
racy justice.  Think  of  it!  steal  from  the  people  five 
millions  daily,  and  still  have  the  majority  to  sustain 
the  demoniacal  work  !  Who  can  think  that  human 
beings  could  commit  such  brutal  work  ?  And  yet  they 
have  no  shame,  and  think  they  are  doing  a  great  act. 
And  a  black  ignorant  simpleton  said  we  may  be  glad 
to  get  off  with  that.  The  infamy  of  Tartarus  never 
could  be  as  heinous  and  fiendish,  so  mean  and  villain- 
ous as  black  Republicans.  And  no  doubt  the  black 
demons  who  get  none  of  the  money  intend  to  rob  the 
people.  They  are  a  malicious,  malevolent,  and  ran- 
corous set — barbarous  destructives.  So  we  think  we 
have  demonstrated  every  proposition  in  the  introduc- 
tion. We  are  sorry  to  chronicle  such  wholesale  steal- 
ing as  the  world  never  saw,  and  may  the  workingmen 
see  their  interest,  and  apply  the  proper  remedy  to  the 
greatest  iniquity  and  depravity,  and  may  the  great 
Creator  have  mercy  on  this  indifferent  people,  and 
guide  them  to  attend  to  their  interest. 

Give  every  man  his  rights ;  do  not  trespass  on  your 
neighbor.  Raise  your  stock  on  your  own  provender. 
Do  not  depend  to  get  your  neighbor's  feed ;  as  a  man 
told  me  he  caught  a  man  before  daylight  feeding  his 
horse  on  his  standing  grain.  We  know  something 
about  this  matter.  We  had  a  field  of  wheat.  A  crim- 
inal had  a  band  of  horses  running  at  large  ;  we  went 
to  see  him,  and  asked  him  to  shut  up  his  horses  at 
night,  then  we  could  keep  them  off  the  grain  in  the 
daytime.  .  He  refused  to  do  so.  Then  we  had  to 
watch  the  grain  day  and   night.     Not  long  after  the 


ROBBERY.  911 

fellow  was  sent  to  the  State  s  Prison.  Not  long  ago  a 
fellozv  run  his  stock  on  A's  ranch  nights;  he  told  me 
he  did  not  like  to  have  them  run  about  his  house.  He 
drove  them  off  more  than  twenty  times.  He  said  that 
he  used  him  bad,  and  he  had  trouble  with  him.  An- 
other fellow  let  his  stock  run  on  him ;  he  told  him  that 
he  did  not  like  to  have  the  stock  trespass  on  him  ;  he 
said  they  did  no  damage,  and  was  fighting  mad.  We 
say  to  the  workingman,  do  not  trespass  on  the  rights 
of  any  man.  Now  we  say  that  such  work  does  not  do 
any  good  to  any  man,  and  they  will  come  to  a  bad 
end.  He  who  violates  the  moral  law  will  receive  pun- 
ishment sooner  or  later.  Let  us  illustrate.  A  No.  i 
has  a  lot  of  land  which  is  considered  very  good;  B 
No.  o  has  adjoining  land,  and  runs  his  stock  on  A, 
and  naturally  A  objects  ;  No.  o  threatens  to  fight  A 
No.  I,  and  continues  to  run  his  stock  on  A  No.  i. 
We  counsel  the  workingmen  not  to  trespass  on  their 
neighbors;  it  is  not  right;  and  none  but  wild  barba- 
rians will  do  so.  They  do  not  care  for  the  rights  of 
others.  Mind,  the  workingman's  motto  is,  Every  man 
his  rights.  Equal  and  exact  justice  to  all  men.  No 
robbing,  no  stealing,  no  lying,  no  cheating.  Again, 
do  not  be  a  tell-tale  ;  it  is  diabolical,  yet  nearly  every 
neighborhood  has  one.  We  can  point  one  out  not  far 
off;  he  knows  every  person's  financial  standing;  he 
pitches  on  some  particular  person,  lies  about  him, 
strives  to  make  him  little  thought  of,  runs  down  his 
property.  Nature  visits  such  infernals  with  misfor- 
tunes ;  and  this  lago  has  felt  the  weight  of  nature's 
work  to  his  woe.  But  still  he  plies  his  occupation.  A 
No.  I  has  a  part  of  a  field  of  grain  insured ;  the  tell- 
tale informs  that  A.  No.  i  has  been  scattering  phos- 
phorus over  his  field,  and  the  agent  cancels  the  pol- 
icy. Egregious  simpleton  believes  the  lying  tell-tale. 
When  the  truth  is,  the  tell-tale  lied ;  A  No.  i  had  put 
out  no  poison  of  any  kind.  And  if  the  infamous 
drones  do  not  like  that,  let  them  go  where  they  will 
like  it.  They  are  a  damage  and  destruction,  it  mat- 
ters not  where  they  are.     Their  occupation   is  to  lie, 


912  THE    WORKINGMAN  S    GUIDE. 

Steal,  rob,  and  live  on  the  hard  earnings  of  the  work- 
ingman.  They  have  stolefi  more  tJian  hundreds  of  times 
as  niMch  from  the  people  as  the  whole  ivorld  is  worth. 
We  have  to  say  again  to  the  workingman.  Save  your 
money  and  be  an  independent  man.  Do  not  let  the 
lying  scamps  cheat,  nor  rob  you  of  your  hard  labor. 
If  you  have  no  property,  you  will  find  it  hard  to  main- 
tain your  liberty.  This  is  the  way  the  infernal  aris- 
tocracy are  enslaving  you  ;  first  rob  you  of  all  your 
property,  then  they  have  you  under  the  press,  and 
then  they  reduce  your  wages.     (See  Europe.) 

This  is  what  the  tartarean  scamps  are  now  doing.. 
They  have  robbed  you  of  your  money,  and  now  they 
are  reducing  your  wages  to  the  starvation  point,  and 
they  take  the  profit  of  every  invention.  And  now 
you  see  they  corrupt  the  people — the  press,  the  law- 
makers and  the  voters,  by  buying  them  up  like  hogs 
in  the  market.  And  only  one  move  more,  that  is  to 
take  your  liberty;  and  now  they  are  having  the  four 
millions  liars,  thieves,  cheats,  robbers  and  land  pirates 
to  assist  them  to  enslave  you,  which  they  are  ready  to 
do  anytime  the  diabolicals  call  on  them.  Do  not  for- 
get that  these  four  millions  black  Republican  codfish 
aristocracy  are  barbarians,  and  there  is  no  hope  of  re- 
form for  the  people  by  them.  They  have  not  the  mor- 
al strength  nor  virtue  to  change,  when  they  know  that 
they  are  doing  an  infernal  wrong.  They  will  go 
ahead  if  they  know  that  they  are  running  the  country 
to  Erebus,  that  is,  the  four  millions  strong,  who  vote 
the  black  tartarean  ticket,  right  or  wrong.  And  we 
can  point  out  to  you  scores  of  that  Erebus-deserving 
stripe,  and  they  are  a  proud,  haughty,  and  high-feeling 
set  of  Stygian  saurians,  ignorant  as  the  primordial  cave- 
men ;  perfect  barbarians.  And  they  think  that  they 
are  highly  elevated  above  the  honest  workingmen  of 
the  country,  and  yet  they  think  that  they  will  alw^ays 
rule.  Fools  to  think  so  !  See  the  change  nature  has 
made  on  this  world.  First,  worms  and  sponges,  and 
polyps,  corals  and  jelly-fishes  were  the  highest  animals 
in   the  world;     then   they  were  followed  by  mollusca, 


ROBBERY.  913 

such  as  clams,  oysters,  etc.  Then  they  were  bettered 
by  articulates,  such  as  crabs  and  lobsters.  Then  a 
great  progress  was  made  by  vertebrates,  such  as  rep- 
tiles, fishes,  turtles,  frogs,  birds.  And  when  we  exam- 
ine the  Tertiary  period,  that  was  the  age  of  mammoths, 
we  find  that  hundreds  of  animals  were  extinct.  I'he 
black  Republican  cannot  believe  that  he  will  become 
extinct.  Ask  some  good  geologist,  say  H.  Spencer, 
he  will  tell  you  that  he  (the  aristocracy)  must  go.  And 
many  will  not  see  that  the  black  Republican  barbarian 
cannot  be  a  Democrat.  The  scientists  all  will  tell 
you  that  they  cannot  go  for  liberal  government.  They 
are  barbarians,  and  they  cannot  change  by  their  own 
strength  of  morals,  and  so  they  will  die  and  become  ex- 
tinct. -Some  of  their  posterity  may  see  it,  but  they 
cannot.  They  are  near  allied  to  brutes  in  government^ 
and  have  to  evolve  a  great  deal  to  be  liberal  in  princi- 
ple. They  have  the  illiberal  principle  of  the  brutes, 
which  all  once  had,  but  the  Democrats  have  outgrown 
it ;  any  person  can  see  that.  The  Democrats  are  for 
honest  government,  and  equal  and  exact  justice  to  all 
men.  The  infernal  black  Republican  scamps  hate 
those  elevated  ideas.  They  are  yet  in  the  darkness  of 
Erebus.  His  nature  is  essentially  barbarian.  Can 
the  tadpole  of  itself  change  into  a  frog.?  No,  sir;  it 
must  abide  its  time  in  its  inferior  state.  So  with  the 
silk-worm.  Can  it  change  to  a  silk-worm  moth  of  its 
own  accord  ."^  No,  it  must  bide  its  time;  and  so  with 
all  nature.  But  how  are  the  barbarians  to  become 
Democrats  ?  We  can  tell  you  how  they  will  be  Dem- 
ocrats— when  the  Democrats  establish  permanently 
good  government,  and  stop  stealing.  You  notice  we 
have  several  times  said.  Give  the  thieves  no  office,  nor 
let  their  lackeys  have  any  office,  and  they  will  starve, 
as  they  will  not  work.  And  again  we  appeal  to  all 
good,  moral,  honest  and  virtuous  people,  Strike  for 
honest  government.  We  say  to  the  workingman.  The 
task  is  easy.  The  black  Democrats  are  very  much  in 
the  way.  The  infernal  black  demons  will  use  them  as 
tools  to  carry  out  their   stygian    plans,  and  we  say  to 

68 


914  THE    WORKINGMANS    GUIDE. 

the  vvorkingman,  Watch  the  black  Democrat;  the  in- 
fernal, infamous,  black  Republican,  codfish,  aristo- 
cratic scamp  will  bribe  him  to  persuade  Democrats  to 
vote  for  the  tartarean  brutes'  measures.  So.  working- 
man,  you  have  been  robbed  and  cheated  and  lied  to 
for  tens  of  thousands  of  years,  and  now  be  sane  men, 
and  unite  and  give  this  venomous  hydra  the  coup  de 
^race,  and  send  him  to  grass,  where  he  will  never  re- 
turn. He  is  a  brute,  a  barbarian,  a  saurian,  and  the 
saurian  once  was  high  in  nature,  and  he  was  the  type 
of  the  vile  and  barbarous,  black  Republican,  codfish, 
aristocratic  liar  and  thief. 

We  have  had  thousands  of  dollars  stolen  from  us  by 
these  diabolical  Apollyons,  and  we  resent  it.  So  every 
person  should  do.  A  man  who  suffers  thieves  to  steal 
his  property,  and  is  indifferent  (as  the  four  million 
thieves  are),  is  worse  than  a  demon,  and  should  be 
despised  by  all  honorable  men.  Such  a  man  could 
not  be  trusted  in  any  office  of  trust.  He  is  a  miser- 
able citizen.  We  despise  those  who  have  robbed  us. 
We  detest,  and  hate,  and  abhor  the  thief  who  takes 
our  property  by  stealth.  It  is  stealing  to  take  59/^ 
per  cent.,  47  per  cent.,  46  per  cent.,  or  2,1  per  cent,  on 
a  corporation's  capital.  It  is  taking  it  slyly.  The 
people  do  not  know  that  such  a  profit  is  being  taken. 
It  is  stealing  to  have  five  millions  watered  stock  in 
the  railroads,  and  collect  fares  and  freight  on  it,  as  the 
railroad  company  are  doing.  And  the  people  do  not 
dream  that  the  diabolicals  are  taking  such  an  enor- 
mous sum  out  of  their  hard  earnings.  So  it  is  with 
the  watered  stock  of  the  telegraph  companies.  It  is 
stealing  to  give  300  millions  acres  of  land  to  pets 
to  corrupt  the  voters  of  the  country.  It  is  stealing 
to  give  hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars  to  bankers  to 
bank  on  without  charge,  of  the  people's  money.  It  is 
stealing  to  take  40  per  cent,  off  the  government  con- 
tracts in  war.  It  is  stealing  to  charge  ^1,520  to  the 
soldier  for  every  year  he  is  in  the  army.  It  is  stealing 
to  let  government  bonds  depreciate  one-half,  and  let 
bloated   bond-holders  have  the  profit,  and  the  people 


J 


ROBBERY.  9  I  5 

pay  it.  Every  person  should  hate  thieves,  and  not  let 
them  steal  if  he  can  help  it.  He  who  does  not  hate 
thieves  is  not  an  honest  man ;  and  any  person  that  is 
knowing  of  a  man's  stealing  should  report  him  to  the 
people.  And  he  who  upholds  a  thief,  and  assists  him, 
is  as  bad  as  the  thief.  And  he  who  steals  in  politics 
will  steal  in  business;  and  he  who  assists  a  thief  to 
steal  in  politics,  would  assist  him  to  do  the  same  any- 
where ;  all  he  would  care  that  the  law  could  not  pun- 
ish him.  It  is  the  most  infamous  and  infernal  of  all 
stealing  that  was  ever  done  in  this  country  (of  liberty 
and  democracy),  to  swindle  the  Democratic  President, 
who  was  honestly  elected  to  the  highest  office  in  the 
gift  of  the  people,  of  the  great  United  States  of  North 
America,  out  of  his  office ;  as  the  infamous  and  flagi- 
tious, infernal,  black  Republican  party  did  S.  J.  Til- 
den,  in  the  year  1876.  It  is  stealing  to  charge  two  or 
three  times  as  much  for  freight  and  fares  on  the  rail- 
roads in  one  State,  as  they  do  for  the  same  distance  in 
another  State. 

Politics  is  the  most  useful  of  all  studies  ;  so  be  sure 
and  study  much  of  this  branch.  Many  think  that  it  is 
of  no  use.  The  black  aristocrat  will  tell  you  that  it  is 
of  no  use  to  the  workingman.  We  have  said  that  be- 
fore, and  if  we  should  say  it  a  hundred  times,  it  would 
not  be  too  often.  The  truth  is,  the  people  are  green  in 
politics ;  we  know,  because  we  have  for  some  years 
made  it  our  business  to  talk  with  the  people,  and  find 
and  learn  if  they  are  posted  ;  and  we  are  sorry  to  say 
they  are  ignorant  from  top  to  bottom ;  rotten  on 
top;  and  the  people  are  looking  up  for  to  learn,  and 
they  do  not  know  as  much  as  those  below.  That  has 
been  my  experience.  Shame  ;  all  the  leaders  of  the 
black  Republican  party  know  is,  to  lie  ;  say  there  is 
no  honest  man  ;  that  we  are  going  back  to  barbarism. 
We  say  the  people  will  not  go  back  ;  and  the  black  in- 
fernals  cannot  go  back  ;  they  were  never  anything  but 
barbarians.  We  have  asked  them.  Do  you  understand 
the  national  banking  system  ?  He  always  says.  No. 
We  ask.  Do  you  understand  the  tariff.^*     He  says  that 


91 6  THE  workingman's  guide. 

is  a  mystery  to  me;  and  their  leaders  keep  it  a  mystery 
to  them.  Attend  a  political,  black  Republican  meet- 
ing, and  if  you  are  posted,  you  will  know  that  it  is 
more  than  nineteen-twentieths  lies  what  they  say  ;  that 
is  nineteen  lies  to  one  truth.  Now  we  say,  if  you  do 
not  study  politics  all  the  spare  time  you  can  get,  you 
will  have  to  say.  Farewell  liberty.  We  tell  you  again, 
that  it  was  by  political  stealing  that  the  people  of  Eu- 
rope were  made  poor.  And  the  same  way  the  people 
were  made  poor  of  this  country.  Wliy,  the  people,  as 
we  said  before,  know  but  little  about  politics,  and  do 
not  know  how  the  infernal  black  Republican  scamps 
have  robbed  them  the  last  40  years.  We  say  again, 
for  heaven's  sake  study  politics,  that  is  where  the  poor 
are  made  poorer,  and  the  rich,  richer.  And  we  say, 
vote  for  principle.  Do  not  go  for  party  that  ruins  the 
country.  (Read  Washington's  farewell  address.)  We 
can  tell  you  that  party-spirit  does  not  buy  the  family  a 
supper  when  they  are  starving.  The  four  million  black 
Republican  barbarians  are  all  party;  no  hope  for  the 
country  from  them ;  they  are  determined  to  take  it  to 
Erebus.  The  Republicans  elected  Cleveland,  and 
they  will  help  again.  But  the  infernal  demons  are 
glad  to  see  the  people  in  misery,  distress,  poverty,  ruin 
and  woe.  We  have  heard  them  say  that  they  do  not 
pity  them.  Do  you  doubt  our  word.f*  we  say  it  is  so  ; 
and,  more,  we  have  heard  them  say  that  wages  are  too 
high.  May  the  great  Creator  assist  the  workingman. 
You  have  no  idea  of  the  intense  hatred  of  the  black 
imp  to  the  workingman. 

By  the  bill,  you  will  notice  that  the  thieves  in  twen- 
ty-four years  stole  forty  billion  dollars,  and  the  present 
population  of  the  United  States  and  Territories  is 
about  sixty  millions,  and  if  we  divide  forty  billions  by 
sixty  millions,  we  get  ;^666,  and  if  we  multiply  that  by 
five,  the  average  number  of  persons  in  a  family,  we 
have  5^3,333  which  the  infernal  thieves  and  robbers 
stole  from  each  family  on  an  average  ;  some  more,  some 
less.  Now,  he  who  helps  these  diabolicals  steal  this 
money  should  be  looked  upon  just  the  same  as  if  he 


ROBBERY.  917 

stole  that  amount  from  his  fellow  man.  "  But,"  says 
the  thief,  "  that  is  not  so."  We  say  it  is.  We  tell 
the  helper  that  you  have  been  stealing  $3,333  from 
our  family  for  the  last  twenty-four  years,  and  show  him 
how  it  was  done,  and  he  helped  do  it  by  one  of  the 
most  stupendous  rings  that  was  ever  formed,  and  he 
pays  no  attention,  but  keeps  on  the  same  stealing. 
Now  we  say  if  a  man  helps  five,  or  ten,  or  a  hundred, 
or  a  thousand,  or  a  million,  or  four  million  steal  the 
people's  money,  he  is  just  as  blamable,  morally,  as  if 
he  stole  it  alone.  Numbers  do  not  make  the  crime 
less,  or  none  at  all.  So  we  say  that  a  man  who  helps 
the  four  millions  steal  from  the  people  is  just  as  much 
a  felon  as  if  he  stole  it  alone.  Now  we  ask  a  working- 
man  to  despise  a  thief  and  detest  him,  it  matters  not 
if  he  is  in  broadcloth,  or  in  rags.  A  thief  and  a  rob- 
ber should  be  abhorred,  detested  and  hated,  if  he  is  a 
private  or  public  thief ;  but  we  must  say  these  public 
thieves  should  be  abhorred  the  most,  because  they  do 
millions  as  much  injury  in  making  paupers,  tramps, 
misery  and  starvation  in  the  land,  than  the  private 
thieves.  But  the  private  thief  steals  a  loaf  of  bread 
when  he  is  starving,  and  he  is  put  in  jail ;  while  the 
public  thieves  stole  forty  billions  in  twenty-four  years, 
from  the  people,  being  $3,333  from  each  family;  and 
he  who  helps  is  looked  on  as  a  model  citizen.  This  is 
all  wrong.  The  public  thief  who  helps  should  be 
branded  as  a  robber  of  his  brother's  rights,  and  he 
should  be  held  responsible  for  public  robbery  as  well 
as  a  private  thief.  To  make  it  plain,  a  public  thief 
should  be  held  responsible  for  his  acts,  and  the  voter 
who  assists  in  carrying  a  thieving  job  through,  should 
be  just  as  much  despised  as  a  private  thief,  and  more 
so.  This  will  look  radical  to  the  public  thieves,  and 
strictly  speaking,  it  is  just  and  moral.  The  public 
thieves  steal  millions  of  times  as  much  as  the  private 
ones. 


giS  THE  workingman's  guide. 


CHAPTER  LXII. 

SUMMARY. 

We  shall  have  to  conclude  this  treatise  in  favor  of 
the  workingman's  rights.  We  have  shown  that  the 
diabolical  aristocrat  has  always  ruled.  We  have  proved 
the  propositions  in  the  introduction  ;  we  have  shown 
that  aristocracy  will  not  do  ;  that  they  are  not  to  be 
trusted  with  government ;  that  they  are  liars,  thieves, 
cheats,  swindlers,  scamps,  pirates,  and  land-grabbers. 
We  have  proved  that  the  world  is  progressing  ;  that 
man  is  getting  more  intelligent,  more  moral,  and  more 
virtuous ;  that  the  country  is  increasing  in  arts  and 
manufactures;  that  the  aristocrats  are  ignorant  barba- 
rians ;  that  their  occupation  always  has  been  to  lie, 
steal,  and  plunder  the  people  ;  that  the  people  never 
had  their  rights  ;  that  they  always  have  been  slaves  to 
a  vile  set  of  thieves  and  drones  ;  that  they  always  have 
been  ready  to  stoop  to  anything,  it  mattered  not  how 
vile  and  infamous  it  was;  that  they  have  robbed  the 
poor,  and  libelled  any  person  that  was  in  the  way  of 
their  interests.  And  we  have  shown  in  numerous  in- 
stances that  progress  is  a  law  of  nature  in  vegetation, 
animals,  man,  and  everything;  that  change  is  the  law 
of  the  universe ;  that  aristocracy  will  have  to  become 
extinct  and  go  the  way  of  the  saurians ;  that  they  will 
become  extinct ;  that  the  workingman  will  take  the 
reins  of  government  and  rule  the  world  ;  that  he  can- 
not do  half  the  injury  the  aristocrats  have  done,  as  the 
aristocrats  have  done  every  evil  act  that  could  be  done. 
The  workingman  will  claim  his  rights,  reform  the  gov- 
ernment, and  put  a  stop  to  the  stealing  and  robbing 
the  Stygian  brutes  have  been  doing.  And  that  will  be 
the  beginning  of  the  millennium.  The  world  was  made 
what  it  is  by  the  laborer,  and  it  being  his  work,  he  will 
own  it,  rule  it,  show  that  he  can  rule  it  well,  stop  steal- 
ing, and  send  the  aristocrats  to  Davy  Jones.  Then 
wages  will  be  double  ;  the  drones  will  be  sent  to  their 
long  resting  place,  and  poverty,  the  work  of  aristocra- 


SUMMARY.  919 

cy,  will  be  no  more.  Paupers  will  not  be  seen  ;  all 
will  have  abundance,  and  war,  the  folly  of  aristocracy, 
will  be  no  more.  Millionaires  will  strive  to  assist  the 
lame  and  the  blind  ;  the  intellectual  will  labor  for  the 
people ;  and  happiness,  prosperity,  peace,  and  plenty 
will  be  everywhere-  But  millionaires  and  paupers  will 
be  very  scarce  then. 


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